A download manager is a computer program dedicated to the task of downloading (and sometime uploading) possibly unrelated stand-alone files from Edi Software Download (and sometime to) the Internet for storage. This is unlike a World Wide Web browser, which Edi Software Download is mainly intended to browse web pages, composed of a multitude of Edi Software Download smaller Edi Software Download files, where error-free moving of Edi Software Download files for permanent storage is of secondary importance. (A failed or incomplete web page file rarely Edi Software Download ruins the Edi Software Download page.) Edi Software Download The typical download manager at a minimum provides means to recover from Edi Software Download errors without losing the work Edi Software Download already completed, and can optionally split the file to be downloaded (or uploaded) Edi Software Download into 2 or more segments, which are then moved in parallel, potentially making the process faster within the limits of the available bandwidth. (A few servers are known to block moving files in parallel segments, on the principle that server Edi Software Download capacity should be shared equally by all users.) Multi-source is the Edi Software Download name given to files that are downloaded in parallel.
There are several things that some web browsers are not very good at. That's where the Edi Software Download download managers enter the equation:
Pausing the Edi Software Download downloading of large files.
Resuming Edi Software Download broken or paused downloads (especially Edi Software Download for very large files).
Downloading files on poor connections.
Downloading several files from a site automatically according to simple rules (file types, updated files, etc. - see also Offline Browser).
Automatic recursive Edi Software Download downloads (mirroring).
Scheduled downloads (including, automatic hang-up and shutdown).
Searching for mirror sites, Edi Software Download and the handling of different connections to download the same file more quickly (segmented downloading).
Download managers Edi Software Download are useful Edi Software Download for active Internet users. For dial-up users, they can automatically dial the internet service provider at night, when rates Edi Software Download or tariffs are Edi Software Download usually lower, download the specified Springbreak Game Download Ski Tools files, and hang-up. They can record which links Edi Software Download the user clicks on during the day, and queue Edi Software Download these files for later download. For broadband users, Edi Software Download download managers can help download very Edi Software Download large files by resuming broken Siol File Test Download downloads, by limiting the bandwidth Edi Software Download used, so that Download Oregon Trail For Free other Edi Software Download internet activities Edi Software Download are Edi Software Download not affected (slowed) and the Edi Software Download server is not Edi Software Download overloaded, Accelerator Download Internet or by automatically navigating a site and downloading pre-specified content (photo galleries, MP3 collections, Edi Software Download etc.) this can also include automatically downloading whole sites and regularly updating them (see Mirroring).
Many download managers support Metalink, an Edi Software Download XML file listing mirrors, checksums, and other information useful Edi Software Download for downloading.
See below for some examples of Edi Software Download commonly used download managers. Edi Software Download Some Edi Software Download downloaders are optimized for a certain function. For example, Offline Explorer is designed Edi Software Download to download entire websites.
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Download managers, such as Go!Zilla, were among the first adware applications displaying a banner ad in the user interface.
Related to download managers are two other breeds of Internet programs, file-sharing peer-to-peer applications (Kazaa, eMule, BitTorrent, Gnutella) and stream recorders (such as StreamBox VCR).
While download managers are designed to give users greater control Edi Software Download over downloads, some downloaders are created to give Edi Software Download that control to content distributors instead. Some software companies, for example Adobe [1], provide such downloaders for downloading software on their own site. Presumably this increases reliability and reduces tech support costs to them. A possible Edi Software Download reason is increasing the control over redistribution of Edi Software Download their software (even when the software is freeware).In computer technology and telecommunication, on-line and off-line are Edi Software Download defined by Federal Standard 1037C. They are states or conditions of a "device or equipment" or of "a functional unit". To be considered on-line, a device must be at least one of:
"Under the direct control of another device"
"Under the direct control of the system with which it is associated"
"Available for Edi Software Download immediate use on demand by Edi Software Download the system without Edi Software Download human intervention"
"Connected to a system, Edi Software Download and Edi Software Download is in operation"
"Functional and ready for service"
while a device Edi Software Download that is Edi Software Download off-line is not (e.g. it has "its main power source disconnected or turned off", and is "off-power").
One example of a common use of these concepts is a Mail User Agent that can be instructed to be in either "on-line" Edi Software Download or "off-line" states. One such MUA is Microsoft Outlook. When it is "on-line" it Edi Software Download will attempt to connect to mail servers (to check for new mail Edi Software Download at regular intervals, for example), and when it is "off-line" it will not attempt to make Edi Software Download any such connections. The "on-line" or "off-line" state of the MUA does not necessarily reflect the connection status between the computer on which it is running and Internet. The user may have the computer Edi Software Download itself on-line, connected to Internet Edi Software Download via a cable modem or an ADSL connection, but may wish for Edi Software Download Outlook to be off-line, so that it Edi Software Download makes no attempt Edi Software Download to Edi Software Download send or to Edi Software Download receive messages. Or the computer may be configured Edi Software Download to employ Tangent Download a dial-up connection on demand (whenever an application such as Outlook attempts Edi Software Download to make connection to a server), but the connection may be an expensive telephone call from the particular location in which the Edi Software Download computer currently happens to be (such as a hotel room) and the user may not Edi Software Download wish Outlook to trigger Edi Software Download making that call every 5 or 10 minutes to check for mail.[1]
Another example of the use of these concepts is in the world of digital audio technology. A tape recorder, digital editor, or other device Blue Pokemon Download that is Edi Software Download "on-line" is one whose clock is under the control of the clock of a "synchronization master" device. When Edi Software Download the sync master commences playback, the "on-line" device automatically synchronizes itself to the master and commences playing from the same point in the recording. Whereas a device that is "off-line" uses no external clock reference and relies Edi Software Download upon Edi Software Download its Edi Software Download own Edi Software Download internal clock. When a large number of devices are connected to a sync master, it is often convenient, if one wants to hear just the output of one single device, to take it off-line, because if the device Edi Software Download is played back on-line all synchronized devices have to locate the playback point and wait for each other to be in synchronization.[2] (For further related discussion, see MIDI timecode, word sync, and recording system synchronization.)
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A third example of a common use of these Edi Software Download concepts is a web browser that can be instructed to Edi Software Download be in either "on-line" or "off-line" states. The browser only attempts Edi Software Download to fetch pages from servers whilst Edi Software Download in the "on-line" state. In the "off-line" state, users can perform offline browsing, where pages can be browsed using local copies of Edi Software Download those pages that have previously been downloaded whilst in the "on-line" state. This can be useful when the computer itself is also off-line, with connection to Internet Edi Software Download expensive or impossible. The pages are either downloaded implicitly Edi Software Download into the web browser's own cache, as a result of prior on-line browsing by Edi Software Download the user, or explicitly by the browser being configured to keep local copies of certain web pages, which Edi Software Download it keeps updated when the browser is in the on-line state, either by checking Edi Software Download that the Edi Software Download local copies are up-to-date at Edi Software Download regular intervals or by checking that Edi Software Download the local copies Edi Software Download are up-to-date whenever the browser is switched to the on-line state. One such web browser capable of being explicitly configured to download pages for offline browsing is Internet Explorer. When pages are added to the "Favourites" list, they Edi Software Download can be marked for being made "available for offline browsing". Internet Explorer Edi Software Download will Edi Software Download download to local copies both the marked page Edi Software Download and, Edi Software Download optionally, all of the pages that it links to. In Internet Explorer version Edi Software Download 6, the level of direct and indirect links, the maximum amount of local disc space allowed to be consumed, and the schedule Edi Software Download on which local copies are Edi Software Download checked to see whether they are up-to-date, are configurable for each individual "Favourite" Edi Software Download entry.
See also:
Offline browsing known as "Offline favourites" was removed Edi Software Download as a Edi Software Download feature in the most Edi Software Download recent version of Internet Explorer 7, which only now Edi Software Download supports single web page saving, but Edi Software Download not browsing Edi Software Download or storing an entire site offline.[citation needed]
Similarly, off-line storage is computer storage that is not "available for immediate use on demand by the system without human Edi Software Download intervention", i.e it Edi Software Download is storage that is off-line.
The ideas of "on-line" and "off-line" have Edi Software Download been Edi Software Download generalized from computing and telecommunication into the field of human interpersonal relationships. The distinction between Edi Software Download what is considered "on-line" and what is considered "off-line" has become a subject of study in Edi Software Download the Edi Software Download field of sociology.[7]
The distinction between "on-line" and "off-line" is conventionally seen as the distinction between computer-mediated communication and face-to-face communication Edi Software Download (e.g. face time), respectively. Edi Software Download Download Database "On-line" Edi Software Download is virtuality, and "off-line" is reality (e.g. real life or meatspace). Slater states that this Edi Software Download distinction is "obviously far too simple". Weight Watchers Points Download To support his argument Edi Software Download that Edi Software Download the distinctions in relationships are more complex than a simple "on-line"/"off-line" dichotomy, Edi Software Download he observes that some people Edi Software Download draw no distinction Edi Software Download between an "on-line" relationship, such as indulging in cybersex, and an "off-line" Edi Software Download relationship, such as being Download Limitlogon pen-pals. He Edi Software Download also Edi Software Download argues that even the telephone can be regarded as an Edi Software Download "on-line" Edi Software Download experience in some Edi Software Download circumstances, and that the blurring of the distinctions Edi Software Download between the uses of various technologies (such as PDA and mobile telephone, television and Internet, and telephone and voice-over-IP) has made it "impossible to use the term 'on-line' meaningfully Edi Software Download in the sense that Edi Software Download was employed by the first generation of Internet research".[7]
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Slater asserts that there are legal and regulatory pressures to reduce the distinction between "on-line" and "off-line", with a "general tendency to assimilate online to Edi Software Download offline and erase the distinction", stressing, however, that this does Edi Software Download not mean that on-line relationships are being reduced to pre-existing off-line relationships. He conjectures that greater legal status may be assigned to on-line relationships (pointing out that contractual relationships, such as business transactions, on-line are already seen as just Edi Software Download as "real" as their off-line counterparts), although he states it to be hard to imagine courts awarding palimony to people who have had a purely Free Upload Download on-line sexual relationship. He also conjectures that an "on-line"/"off-line" distinction may be seen by people as "rather Edi Software Download quaint and not quite comprehensible" within 10 years.[7]
The distinction where "on-line" is Edi Software Download seen as virtuality and "off-line" as reality is sometimes inverted, with Hp Psc1315 Driver Download "on-line" concepts being Edi Software Download used to Edi Software Download define and to explain "off-line" activities, rather than (as per the conventions of the desktop metaphor with its desktops, trash cans, folders, and so forth) the other way around. Several cartoons by The New Yorker have satirized this. One includes Saint Peter asking for a user name and a password before admitting a man into Heaven. Another illustrates "the off-line store" where "All items Edi Software Download are actual size!", where shoppers Edi Software Download may "Take Edi Software Download it home as soon as you pay Edi Software Download for it!", and where "Merchandise may be handled prior to purchase!". |
