A download manager is a computer program dedicated to the task of downloading (and sometime uploading) possibly unrelated stand-alone files from (and sometime to) the Internet for storage. This is unlike a World Wide Web browser, which is mainly intended to browse Scandisc Download web Scandisc Download pages, composed of a multitude of smaller files, where error-free moving of Scandisc Download files for permanent storage is of secondary importance. (A failed or incomplete web page file rarely ruins the page.) The typical download manager at a Scandisc Download minimum provides means to recover from errors without losing the work already completed, and can Scandisc Download optionally split the file to be downloaded (or uploaded) into 2 Scandisc Download or more segments, which are then moved in parallel, potentially making Scandisc Download the process Scandisc Download faster within the limits of the available bandwidth. (A few servers are known to block moving files in parallel segments, on the principle that Scandisc Download server Scandisc Download capacity should be shared equally by all users.) Multi-source is Scandisc Download the name given to files that Scandisc Download are downloaded in parallel.
There are Scandisc Download several Scandisc Download things that some Scandisc Download web browsers are not very good at. That's where the download managers enter the equation:
Pausing the downloading of large files.
Resuming broken or paused downloads Scandisc Download (especially for very Scandisc Download large Scandisc Download files).
Downloading files on Scandisc Download poor connections.
Downloading several files from Scandisc Download a Scandisc Download site automatically according to simple rules (file types, Scandisc Download updated files, etc. - see also Offline Browser).
Automatic recursive downloads Nod 32-free Download (mirroring).
Scheduled downloads (including, automatic hang-up and Scandisc Download shutdown).
Searching for mirror sites, and the handling of different connections to Scandisc Download download the same file more quickly (segmented downloading).
Download managers Lords Of Magic Free Download are useful Scandisc Download for active Internet users. For dial-up users, they can automatically dial the internet service provider at night, when rates or tariffs are usually lower, download the specified files, and hang-up. They can record which links the user clicks on during the day, and queue these files for later download. For broadband Scandisc Download users, download managers can help download very large files Scandisc Download by resuming broken downloads, by limiting Scandisc Download the bandwidth used, so that other internet activities are Scandisc Download not affected (slowed) and the server Scandisc Download is not overloaded, or by automatically navigating a site and downloading pre-specified Scandisc Download content (photo galleries, MP3 collections, etc.) this can also include automatically downloading whole sites and regularly updating them (see Mirroring).
Many download managers support Metalink, an Scandisc Download XML file listing mirrors, checksums, and other information useful Scandisc Download for downloading.
See below for some examples of commonly used Scandisc Download download managers. Some downloaders are optimized for a certain function. For example, Offline Explorer is designed to download entire websites.
Download managers, such as Go!Zilla, were Scandisc Download among Scandisc Download the first adware applications displaying a banner Scandisc Download ad in the user interface.
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Related to download managers are two other breeds of Internet programs, file-sharing peer-to-peer applications (Kazaa, eMule, BitTorrent, Gnutella) and stream recorders (such as StreamBox VCR).
While download managers are designed to give users greater Download Free Otis Redding Music control over downloads, Scandisc Download some downloaders are created to give that control to content distributors Scandisc Download instead. Some software companies, Scandisc Download for example Adobe [1], provide such downloaders Scandisc Download for downloading software on their Scandisc Download own site. Presumably this increases reliability and reduces tech support costs to them. A possible reason is increasing the control over redistribution of their software Scandisc Download (even when the software is freeware).In computer technology Scandisc Download and telecommunication, Scandisc Download on-line and off-line are defined by Federal Standard 1037C. They are states Scandisc Download or conditions of a "device or equipment" Video Grabber Download or of "a Scandisc Download functional unit". To be considered on-line, a device must be at least one of:
"Under the direct control of another device"
"Under the direct control of the system with which it is associated"
"Available for immediate use Scandisc Download on demand by the system Scandisc Download without human intervention"
"Connected to a system, and is in operation"
"Functional and ready for service"
while a device that Scandisc Download is off-line Scandisc Download is not (e.g. it has "its main Scandisc Download power source disconnected or Scandisc Download turned off", and is "off-power").
One example of a common use of these concepts is a Mail User Agent that can be instructed to be in either "on-line" or "off-line" states. One such MUA is Microsoft Outlook. When it is "on-line" it will attempt to connect to mail servers (to check for new mail at regular intervals, for example), and when it Scandisc Download is "off-line" it will not attempt to make any such connections. The "on-line" or Scandisc Download "off-line" state of the MUA does Scandisc Download not necessarily reflect the Casanova Download connection status between the Scandisc Download computer on which Scandisc Download it Scandisc Download is running and Internet. The user may have the computer itself on-line, connected to Internet via a cable modem or an ADSL connection, but may wish for Outlook to be off-line, so that it makes no attempt to send or Scandisc Download to receive Scandisc Download messages. Or the computer may be configured to employ a dial-up connection on demand (whenever an application such as Outlook attempts to make connection to a server), but the connection may be an expensive telephone call from the particular location in which the computer currently happens to Scandisc Download be (such as a hotel room) and Movies Download For Free the user may not wish Outlook to trigger making that call every 5 or 10 minutes to Scandisc Download check for mail.[1]
Another example Scandisc Download of the use Scandisc Download of these concepts is in the world of digital audio technology. A Scandisc Download tape recorder, Scandisc Download digital editor, or other device Scandisc Download that is "on-line" is one whose clock is under the control of Scandisc Download the clock of a "synchronization master" device. When the sync master commences playback, Vip Hitovi Leta Download the "on-line" device automatically synchronizes itself to the master and commences playing from the same point in the recording. Whereas a device that Scandisc Download is "off-line" uses no external clock reference and relies upon its own internal clock. When a large number of devices are connected to Scandisc Download a sync master, it is often convenient, if one wants to Scandisc Download hear just the output of one single device, to take it off-line, because if the device is played back on-line all synchronized devices have Scandisc Download to locate the playback Download C-force point Scandisc Download and wait for each other to be in synchronization.[2] (For further related Scandisc Download discussion, see MIDI timecode, word sync, and recording system synchronization.)
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A third example of a Scandisc Download common use of these Scandisc Download concepts is Scandisc Download a web browser that can be instructed to be in either "on-line" or "off-line" states. The browser only attempts to fetch pages from servers whilst in the Scandisc Download "on-line" state. In the "off-line" state, users can perform offline browsing, where pages can be browsed using local copies of Scandisc Download those pages that have previously Scandisc Download been downloaded whilst in the "on-line" state. This can be Scandisc Download useful when the computer itself Scandisc Download is also off-line, with connection to Internet expensive or impossible. Scandisc Download The pages are either downloaded implicitly into the web browser's Scandisc Download own cache, as a Scandisc Download result of prior on-line browsing by the user, or explicitly by the browser being Scandisc Download configured to keep Scandisc Download local copies of certain web pages, which it keeps updated when the browser is in the on-line state, either by checking that the local copies are up-to-date at regular intervals or by checking that the local copies are up-to-date whenever Scandisc Download the browser is switched to the Scandisc Download on-line state. One such web browser capable of being explicitly configured to download pages for offline Scandisc Download browsing is Internet Explorer. When pages are added to the Scandisc Download "Favourites" list, Scandisc Download they can Scandisc Download be marked for being made "available for Scandisc Download offline browsing". Internet Explorer will download to local copies both the Scandisc Download marked page and, optionally, all of the pages that it links to. In Internet Explorer version 6, the level of direct and Scandisc Download indirect links, the maximum Scandisc Download amount of local disc Scandisc Download space allowed to be consumed, and the schedule on Scandisc Download which local copies are checked to see whether they are up-to-date, are configurable for each individual "Favourite" entry.
See Scandisc Download also:
Offline browsing known as "Offline favourites" was removed as Crack Trial Download Games Codes a feature in the most Scandisc Download recent version of Internet Explorer 7, which only now supports single web page saving, but not browsing or storing an entire site offline.[citation needed]
Similarly, off-line storage is computer storage that Scandisc Download is not "available for immediate use on demand by the system without human intervention", i.e it is storage that is off-line.
The ideas of "on-line" and "off-line" have been generalized from computing and telecommunication into the field of human interpersonal relationships. The distinction between what is considered "on-line" and what is considered "off-line" has become a subject Scandisc Download of study in the field of sociology.[7]
The distinction between "on-line" and "off-line" is conventionally seen Scandisc Download as the distinction between computer-mediated communication and face-to-face communication (e.g. face time), respectively. "On-line" Scandisc Download is virtuality, and "off-line" is Scandisc Download reality (e.g. real life or meatspace). Slater states that this distinction is "obviously Scandisc Download far too simple". To support his argument that the distinctions in relationships are more complex than Scandisc Download a simple "on-line"/"off-line" dichotomy, he observes that some people draw no distinction between an "on-line" relationship, such as indulging in cybersex, and Scandisc Download an "off-line" relationship, such as being pen-pals. He also argues that even the telephone can be regarded as an Scandisc Download "on-line" experience in some circumstances, Scandisc Download and Scandisc Download that the Scandisc Download blurring Scandisc Download of the distinctions between the Scandisc Download uses of Scandisc Download various technologies (such as PDA and mobile Scandisc Download telephone, television and Internet, and telephone and voice-over-IP) has made it "impossible to use the term 'on-line' meaningfully in Pokemon Ruby Download the Scandisc Download sense that was employed by the first generation of Internet research".[7]
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Slater asserts that there are legal Scandisc Download and regulatory pressures to reduce the distinction between "on-line" and "off-line", with a "general tendency to assimilate online to offline and erase the distinction", stressing, however, that this does not Scandisc Download mean that on-line relationships are being reduced to pre-existing off-line Scandisc Download relationships. Scandisc Download He conjectures that greater legal status may Scandisc Download be assigned to on-line relationships (pointing out that contractual Scandisc Download relationships, such as business transactions, Scandisc Download on-line are already seen as just as "real" as their off-line counterparts), although he Scandisc Download states it to be hard to imagine courts awarding palimony to people who have had a purely on-line sexual relationship. He also conjectures that an "on-line"/"off-line" distinction may be seen by people as "rather quaint and not quite Scandisc Download comprehensible" within 10 years.[7]
The distinction where "on-line" is Scandisc Download seen as virtuality and "off-line" as reality is Scandisc Download sometimes inverted, with "on-line" concepts being Scandisc Download used to define and to explain "off-line" activities, rather than (as per the conventions of the desktop metaphor with its desktops, Scandisc Download trash cans, folders, and so Scandisc Download forth) Scandisc Download the other way around. Several Scandisc Download cartoons by The New Yorker have satirized this. Scandisc Download One includes Saint Peter Scandisc Download asking for a user name and a password before admitting a man into Heaven. Another illustrates "the Brain School Download off-line store" where Scandisc Download "All items are Scandisc Download actual Scandisc Download size!", where shoppers may "Take it home as soon as you pay for it!", and where "Merchandise may be handled prior to purchase!". |
