A download manager is a computer program dedicated to the task of downloading Tangent Download (and sometime Tangent Download uploading) possibly unrelated stand-alone files from (and sometime to) the Internet for storage. This is unlike a World Wide Web browser, which is mainly intended to browse Tangent Download web pages, composed of Tangent Download a multitude of smaller files, where error-free moving of files for permanent storage is of secondary importance. (A Tangent Download failed or Tangent Download incomplete web page file rarely ruins the page.) The Tangent Download typical download manager at a minimum provides means to recover from errors without losing the work already completed, and Tangent Download can optionally split the file to be downloaded (or uploaded) into 2 or more Tangent Download segments, Tangent Download which Tangent Download are Tangent Download then moved in parallel, Tangent Download potentially making the process faster within the limits of the available bandwidth. (A few servers are known to block moving Tangent Download files in parallel segments, on the principle that server capacity should be shared equally by all users.) Tangent Download Multi-source Tangent Download is the name given to files that are downloaded in parallel.
There are several things that Tangent Download some web browsers are not very good at. That's where the download managers enter Tangent Download the equation:
Pausing the downloading Download Pokemon Gold Roms of large files.
Resuming broken or paused downloads (especially for very large files).
Downloading files on poor connections.
Downloading several files Tangent Download from a site automatically Tangent Download according to simple rules (file types, updated files, etc. - see also Offline Browser).
Automatic Tangent Download recursive downloads (mirroring).
Scheduled downloads (including, automatic Tangent Download hang-up and shutdown).
Searching for mirror sites, and the handling of different connections to download the same file more quickly (segmented downloading).
Download managers are useful Tangent Download for active Internet users. Tangent Download For dial-up users, they can automatically dial the internet service provider at Tangent Download night, when rates or tariffs are usually Tangent Download lower, download the Tangent Download specified files, and hang-up. They can record which links the user clicks Tangent Download on during the day, and queue these files Tangent Download for later download. For broadband users, download managers can help download very large Tangent Download files by resuming broken downloads, Tangent Download by limiting the bandwidth used, so that other internet activities are not Tangent Download affected (slowed) and the server is not overloaded, or by automatically navigating a site and downloading pre-specified content Tangent Download (photo galleries, MP3 collections, etc.) this can also include automatically downloading whole sites and regularly updating them (see Mirroring).
Many download managers support Metalink, an XML file listing mirrors, checksums, and other information useful for downloading.
See Tangent Download below for some examples of commonly used download Tangent Download managers. Some downloaders are optimized Tangent Download for a certain function. For example, Offline Explorer is designed to download Tangent Download entire websites.
Download Tangent Download managers, such as Go!Zilla, were among the first adware applications displaying a banner ad in the user interface.
Related to download managers are two other breeds of Internet programs, file-sharing peer-to-peer applications (Kazaa, eMule, BitTorrent, Gnutella) and stream recorders (such as StreamBox VCR).
While download managers are designed to give users greater Tangent Download control over downloads, some downloaders are created to give that control to content distributors instead. Some software companies, for example Adobe [1], provide such downloaders for downloading software on their own site. Presumably this increases reliability and reduces tech support costs to them. A Tangent Download possible Tangent Download reason is increasing the control over redistribution of their Tangent Download software (even when the software is freeware).In computer technology and telecommunication, Tangent Download on-line and off-line are defined by Federal Standard 1037C. They are states or conditions of a "device Tangent Download or equipment" Tangent Download or of "a functional unit". To Tangent Download be Tangent Download considered on-line, a device must be at least one of:
"Under the direct control of another device"
"Under the direct control of the system Shes Like Heroin Mp3 Download with which it Tangent Download is associated"
"Available for immediate use on demand Tangent Download by the system without human intervention"
"Connected to a system, Tangent Download and is in operation"
"Functional and ready for service"
while a device Tangent Download that is off-line Tangent Download is Tangent Download not (e.g. it has "its main power source disconnected or Tangent Download turned off", and is "off-power").
One example Tangent Download of Tangent Download a common use of these concepts is a Mail User Agent that can be instructed to be in either "on-line" or Tangent Download "off-line" states. One Tangent Download such MUA is Microsoft Outlook. Tangent Download When it is "on-line" it will attempt to connect to mail servers (to check for new mail at regular intervals, for Tangent Download example), and when it is "off-line" Tangent Download it will not attempt to make any Tangent Download such connections. The "on-line" Tangent Download or "off-line" state of the MUA does not necessarily reflect the connection status Tangent Download between the Tangent Download computer on which it is running and Internet. The user may have the computer itself on-line, connected Springbreak Game Download Ski Tools to Internet via a cable modem or Tangent Download an ADSL connection, but may Tangent Download wish for Outlook to be off-line, so that it makes no attempt to send or to receive messages. Or the computer may be configured to employ a dial-up connection on demand (whenever an application such as Outlook attempts to make connection to a server), but the connection may be an expensive telephone call Tangent Download from the particular location in which the Tangent Download computer currently happens to be (such as a hotel room) and the user may Tangent Download not wish Tangent Download Outlook to trigger making that call every 5 or 10 minutes Tangent Download to check for mail.[1]
Another Tangent Download example of the use of these concepts is in the world Tangent Download of digital audio technology. A tape recorder, digital editor, or other device that is "on-line" is one whose clock is under the control of the clock of a "synchronization master" device. When the sync master commences playback, the Tangent Download "on-line" Siol File Test Download device automatically synchronizes itself to the master Tangent Download and commences playing from the same point in the recording. Whereas a device that is "off-line" Tangent Download uses no external clock reference and relies upon its own internal clock. When a large number of devices are connected to a sync Tangent Download master, it is often convenient, if one wants to hear just the output of Tangent Download one Tangent Download single device, to take it off-line, because Tangent Download if the device is played back on-line all synchronized devices have Tangent Download to locate the playback point and wait for each other to be in synchronization.[2] (For further related Tangent Download discussion, see MIDI timecode, word sync, and recording system synchronization.)
A third example of a Tangent Download common use of these concepts is a web browser that can be instructed to be in either Tangent Download "on-line" or "off-line" states. The browser only attempts to fetch pages Tangent Download from Tangent Download servers whilst in the "on-line" state. In Tangent Download the "off-line" state, users can Tangent Download perform offline Tangent Download browsing, where pages can be browsed using local copies of those pages that have previously been downloaded whilst in the Tangent Download "on-line" state. This can be useful Tangent Download when the computer Tangent Download itself is also off-line, with connection to Internet expensive or impossible. The pages are either downloaded implicitly into the web browser's own cache, as Tangent Download a result of prior on-line browsing by the Tangent Download user, or explicitly by the browser being configured to keep local copies of certain web pages, which it keeps updated when the browser is in the on-line state, either by checking that the local copies are Tangent Download up-to-date at regular intervals or by checking that the local copies are up-to-date whenever the browser is switched to the on-line state. Tangent Download One such web browser capable of being explicitly configured to download pages for Tangent Download offline browsing is Internet Explorer. When pages are Tangent Download added to the "Favourites" list, they can be marked for being made "available for offline Tangent Download browsing". Internet Explorer will Tangent Download download to local copies both the marked page Tangent Download and, optionally, all of the pages that it Tangent Download links to. In Internet Explorer version 6, the level of Tangent Download direct and indirect links, the maximum amount of local Tangent Download disc space allowed to be consumed, and the schedule on which local copies are checked to see whether they are up-to-date, are configurable for each individual "Favourite" entry.
See Tangent Download also:
Offline browsing known Tangent Download as "Offline favourites" was removed as a feature in the most recent version of Internet Explorer 7, which only now Tangent Download supports single web page saving, but not browsing or storing an entire site offline.[citation needed]
Similarly, off-line storage is computer storage that is not "available for immediate use on demand by the system without human intervention", i.e it is storage that Tangent Download is off-line.
The ideas of "on-line" and "off-line" have been generalized from computing Tangent Download and telecommunication into the field Tangent Download of human interpersonal relationships. The distinction between what is considered "on-line" and what is considered "off-line" has become a subject of Tangent Download study in the field of sociology.[7]
The distinction between "on-line" and "off-line" is conventionally seen as the distinction between computer-mediated communication and face-to-face communication (e.g. face time), respectively. "On-line" is virtuality, and "off-line" is reality (e.g. real life or meatspace). Slater states that this distinction is "obviously far too simple". To support his argument that the distinctions Tangent Download in relationships are more complex than a simple "on-line"/"off-line" dichotomy, he observes that some people draw no distinction between an Tangent Download "on-line" relationship, such as indulging in cybersex, and an "off-line" relationship, such as being pen-pals. He Tangent Download also Tangent Download argues that even the telephone Tangent Download can be regarded as Tangent Download an "on-line" experience in some circumstances, and that the blurring of Tangent Download the Tangent Download distinctions between the uses of various technologies (such as Tangent Download PDA Tangent Download and mobile telephone, television and Internet, and telephone and Tangent Download voice-over-IP) Tangent Download has made Tangent Download it "impossible to use Tangent Download the term 'on-line' meaningfully in the sense that was employed by the first generation of Internet research".[7]
Slater asserts that Tangent Download there are legal and regulatory pressures to reduce the distinction between "on-line" and "off-line", with a Tangent Download "general tendency to assimilate online to offline and erase the distinction", stressing, however, that this does not mean that Tangent Download on-line relationships Download Oregon Trail For Free are being reduced to pre-existing off-line relationships. He Tangent Download conjectures that greater legal status may be Tangent Download assigned to on-line relationships (pointing out that contractual relationships, Tangent Download such as business transactions, on-line are already seen as just as "real" as their off-line counterparts), although he states it to be hard to imagine courts awarding palimony to people who have had a purely on-line sexual relationship. He also conjectures that an "on-line"/"off-line" distinction Tangent Download may be seen by people as "rather quaint and not quite comprehensible" within 10 Tangent Download years.[7]
The distinction where "on-line" is seen as virtuality and "off-line" as reality Tangent Download is sometimes inverted, with "on-line" concepts being used to define and to explain "off-line" activities, rather than (as per the conventions Accelerator Download Internet of the desktop metaphor with its desktops, trash cans, folders, and so forth) the other way around. Several cartoons by The New Yorker have satirized this. One includes Saint Peter asking for a user name and a password before admitting a man into Heaven. Tangent Download Another illustrates "the off-line store" where "All items Tangent Download are actual size!", where shoppers may "Take it Tangent Download home as soon as you pay for Tangent Download it!", and where Tangent Download "Merchandise may be handled prior to purchase!". |
