A download manager is a computer program dedicated to the task of downloading (and Radio Ga-ga Download sometime uploading) possibly unrelated Radio Ga-ga Download stand-alone files from Radio Ga-ga Download (and sometime to) the Radio Ga-ga Download Internet for storage. This is unlike a World Wide Web browser, Radio Ga-ga Download which is Radio Ga-ga Download mainly intended to browse web pages, composed of a Radio Ga-ga Download multitude of smaller files, where error-free Radio Ga-ga Download moving of files for permanent storage is of secondary importance. (A failed or incomplete web page file Radio Ga-ga Download rarely ruins the page.) The typical download manager at a minimum Radio Ga-ga Download provides means to recover from errors without Radio Ga-ga Download losing the work Radio Ga-ga Download already completed, and can optionally split the file to be downloaded Radio Ga-ga Download (or uploaded) into 2 or more segments, which are then moved in parallel, potentially making the process faster within the limits of the available bandwidth. (A few servers are known to block moving files in parallel segments, on the principle that server capacity should be shared equally by all users.) Multi-source is the name given to files that are downloaded in parallel.
There are several things Radio Ga-ga Download that some web browsers are not very good at. That's where the download Radio Ga-ga Download managers enter the equation:
Pausing the downloading of large files.
Resuming broken or paused downloads (especially for very large files).
Downloading files on poor connections.
Downloading several files Radio Ga-ga Download from a site automatically Radio Ga-ga Download according Radio Ga-ga Download to simple rules (file types, updated files, etc. - see also Offline Browser).
Automatic recursive downloads (mirroring).
Scheduled downloads (including, Radio Ga-ga Download automatic hang-up and shutdown).
Searching for mirror sites, and Radio Ga-ga Download the handling of different connections to download the same file more quickly Radio Ga-ga Download (segmented downloading).
Download managers are useful Radio Ga-ga Download for active Internet users. For dial-up users, they can automatically dial the internet service provider at night, when rates or tariffs are usually lower, download the specified files, and hang-up. They can record which links the user Radio Ga-ga Download clicks on Radio Ga-ga Download during the day, and queue these files for later download. For broadband users, download managers can help download very large files by resuming broken Radio Ga-ga Download downloads, by limiting the bandwidth used, so that other internet activities are not Radio Ga-ga Download affected (slowed) and the server is not overloaded, or by automatically navigating a site and downloading pre-specified content (photo galleries, MP3 collections, etc.) this can Radio Ga-ga Download also include automatically downloading whole sites and regularly updating them (see Mirroring).
Many download managers support Metalink, an XML file listing mirrors, checksums, and other information useful Radio Ga-ga Download for downloading.
See below for some examples of commonly used Radio Ga-ga Download download Radio Ga-ga Download managers. Some downloaders are optimized for a certain function. Radio Ga-ga Download For example, Offline Explorer is designed to download entire websites.
Download managers, such Radio Ga-ga Download as Go!Zilla, were among the first adware applications Radio Ga-ga Download displaying a banner ad in the user interface.
Related to download managers are two other breeds of Internet programs, file-sharing peer-to-peer applications (Kazaa, eMule, BitTorrent, Gnutella) Radio Ga-ga Download and stream recorders (such as StreamBox VCR).
While download managers are designed to give users Radio Ga-ga Download greater control over downloads, Radio Ga-ga Download some downloaders are created to give that control to content distributors instead. Radio Ga-ga Download Some software companies, for example Adobe [1], provide such downloaders for downloading software on their own site. Presumably this increases reliability and reduces Radio Ga-ga Download tech support costs to Radio Ga-ga Download them. A possible reason is increasing the control over redistribution of their software (even when the software is freeware).In Radio Ga-ga Download computer Radio Ga-ga Download technology and telecommunication, on-line and off-line are defined Radio Ga-ga Download by Federal Standard Radio Ga-ga Download 1037C. They are states or conditions of a "device or equipment" or Radio Ga-ga Download of "a functional unit". To be considered on-line, a device must be at least one Radio Ga-ga Download of:
"Under the direct control of another device"
"Under the direct control of the Radio Ga-ga Download system with which it is associated"
"Available for immediate use on demand by the system without human intervention"
"Connected to Radio Ga-ga Download a system, and is in Radio Ga-ga Download operation"
"Functional and ready for service"
while a device that is off-line is not (e.g. it has "its main power source disconnected or turned Radio Ga-ga Download off", and is "off-power").
One example of a common use of these concepts is a Mail User Agent that can be Radio Ga-ga Download instructed to be in Radio Ga-ga Download either "on-line" or "off-line" states. One such MUA is Microsoft Outlook. When it is "on-line" it will attempt to connect to Radio Ga-ga Download mail servers (to check for new mail at regular intervals, for example), and Radio Ga-ga Download when it is "off-line" it will not attempt to make any such connections. Radio Ga-ga Download The "on-line" or "off-line" state of the MUA Radio Ga-ga Download does not necessarily reflect the Radio Ga-ga Download connection status between the computer on which it is running and Radio Ga-ga Download Internet. The user may have Radio Ga-ga Download the computer itself on-line, connected to Internet via a cable modem or an ADSL connection, but may Radio Ga-ga Download wish for Outlook to be off-line, so Radio Ga-ga Download that Radio Ga-ga Download it makes no attempt to send or to receive messages. Or the computer may be configured to employ a dial-up connection on demand (whenever an application such as Outlook attempts to make Radio Ga-ga Download connection to a server), but the connection may Radio Ga-ga Download be an expensive Radio Ga-ga Download telephone call from the particular location in Radio Ga-ga Download which Radio Ga-ga Download the computer currently happens to be (such as a hotel room) and the user may not Radio Ga-ga Download wish Outlook to trigger making that call every 5 or 10 minutes to check Bosanske Muzke Download for mail.[1]
Another example of the use of these concepts is in the world of digital Radio Ga-ga Download audio technology. A tape recorder, digital editor, or other device that is "on-line" is one whose clock Radio Ga-ga Download is under the control of the clock of a "synchronization Radio Ga-ga Download master" device. When the sync master Radio Ga-ga Download commences playback, the "on-line" device automatically synchronizes Radio Ga-ga Download itself to the master and commences playing from the same point in the recording. Radio Ga-ga Download Whereas a device that is Radio Ga-ga Download "off-line" uses no external clock reference and relies upon Radio Ga-ga Download its own internal Radio Ga-ga Download clock. When a large Radio Ga-ga Download number of Radio Ga-ga Download devices are connected to a sync master, it is often convenient, if one wants to hear just the output of one single device, to take it off-line, Radio Ga-ga Download because if the device is played back on-line all synchronized devices have to locate the playback point and wait for each other to be in synchronization.[2] (For further related discussion, see MIDI timecode, word sync, and recording system synchronization.)
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A third Radio Ga-ga Download example of a common use of these concepts is a web browser that can be instructed to be in either "on-line" or "off-line" Radio Ga-ga Download states. The browser only attempts to fetch pages from servers whilst in the Radio Ga-ga Download "on-line" Radio Ga-ga Download state. In the "off-line" state, users can perform offline browsing, where pages can be browsed using local copies Radio Ga-ga Download of those pages that have previously been downloaded whilst in the "on-line" state. This can be useful when the computer itself is also off-line, Radio Ga-ga Download with connection to Internet expensive or impossible. The pages Radio Ga-ga Download are either downloaded implicitly Radio Ga-ga Download into the web browser's own Radio Ga-ga Download cache, as Radio Ga-ga Download a result of prior on-line browsing by the user, or explicitly by the browser being configured to keep local Radio Ga-ga Download copies of Radio Ga-ga Download certain web pages, Radio Ga-ga Download which it keeps updated when the browser is in the on-line state, either by checking Radio Ga-ga Download that 25th Wedding Songs Free Download the local copies are Radio Ga-ga Download up-to-date at regular intervals or by checking Radio Ga-ga Download that the local copies are up-to-date Radio Ga-ga Download whenever the browser is switched to the on-line state. One such web browser capable of being explicitly configured to download pages for offline browsing is Internet Explorer. When pages are added to the "Favourites" list, they can be marked for Radio Ga-ga Download being made "available for offline browsing". Internet Explorer will Radio Ga-ga Download download to local copies both the marked page and, optionally, all of the pages that it links to. In Internet Explorer version Radio Ga-ga Download 6, Radio Ga-ga Download the Radio Ga-ga Download level of direct Radio Ga-ga Download and indirect links, the maximum Radio Ga-ga Download amount of local Radio Ga-ga Download disc space allowed to be consumed, and the schedule on which local copies are checked to see whether they are up-to-date, are configurable for each individual "Favourite" entry.
See also:
Offline browsing known as "Offline favourites" Radio Ga-ga Download was removed as a feature in the most recent version of Internet Explorer 7, Radio Ga-ga Download which only now supports single web page saving, but not browsing or storing an entire site offline.[citation needed]
Similarly, off-line storage is computer storage that is not "available for immediate use Radio Ga-ga Download on demand by the system without human intervention", i.e it is storage that is off-line.
The ideas of "on-line" and "off-line" have been generalized from computing and telecommunication into the field of human interpersonal relationships. The distinction between what is considered "on-line" and what is considered "off-line" has become a subject of study in the field of sociology.[7]
The distinction between "on-line" Radio Ga-ga Download and "off-line" is conventionally seen as the distinction between computer-mediated communication and face-to-face communication (e.g. face Radio Ga-ga Download time), respectively. "On-line" is virtuality, and Radio Ga-ga Download "off-line" is reality (e.g. real Radio Ga-ga Download life or Radio Ga-ga Download meatspace). Slater states that this distinction is "obviously far too simple". To support his argument that the distinctions in relationships are more complex than a simple "on-line"/"off-line" dichotomy, he observes that some people draw no distinction between an "on-line" relationship, Radio Ga-ga Download such as indulging in cybersex, and an "off-line" relationship, such as Radio Ga-ga Download being pen-pals. He also argues that even the telephone can be regarded as an "on-line" experience in some Radio Ga-ga Download circumstances, and that the blurring of the distinctions between the uses of various technologies (such as PDA and mobile telephone, television Radio Ga-ga Download and Internet, Radio Ga-ga Download and telephone Radio Ga-ga Download and voice-over-IP) has made it "impossible Radio Ga-ga Download to use the term 'on-line' Radio Ga-ga Download meaningfully in the Radio Ga-ga Download sense that was employed by the first generation of Internet research".[7]
Slater asserts that there are legal and regulatory pressures to reduce the distinction between "on-line" and "off-line", with a "general tendency to assimilate online to offline and erase the distinction", Radio Ga-ga Download stressing, however, that this does not mean that on-line relationships Radio Ga-ga Download are being reduced to pre-existing off-line relationships. He Radio Ga-ga Download conjectures that Radio Ga-ga Download greater legal status may be assigned to on-line relationships (pointing out that contractual relationships, such as business transactions, on-line are already Radio Ga-ga Download seen as just as "real" as Radio Ga-ga Download their off-line counterparts), Radio Ga-ga Download although he states it to be hard to imagine courts awarding palimony to people who have had a purely on-line sexual relationship. He also conjectures that an "on-line"/"off-line" distinction may be Radio Ga-ga Download seen by people as "rather quaint and not quite comprehensible" within 10 years.[7]
The distinction where "on-line" Radio Ga-ga Download is seen as virtuality Radio Ga-ga Download and "off-line" as reality is sometimes inverted, with "on-line" Radio Ga-ga Download concepts being used to define and to explain "off-line" activities, rather than (as per Radio Ga-ga Download the conventions of the desktop metaphor with its desktops, trash cans, folders, and so forth) the other way around. Radio Ga-ga Download Several cartoons by The New Yorker have satirized this. One includes Saint Peter asking for a user name and a password Radio Ga-ga Download before admitting a man into Heaven. Another illustrates "the off-line store" where "All items are Radio Ga-ga Download actual size!", where shoppers may "Take it home as soon as you pay for it!", Radio Ga-ga Download and Radio Ga-ga Download where Radio Ga-ga Download "Merchandise may be handled prior to purchase!". Radio Ga-ga Download |
