musical material, or composition, as held in Free Illegal Music Downloading western classical music. Even when music is notated precisely, there are still many decisions that a performer has to make. The process of a performer deciding how to perform music that has been previously composed and notated is termed interpretation.
Different performers' Free Illegal Music Downloading interpretations of the same music can vary widely. Composers and song writers who present Free Illegal Music Downloading their own music are interpreting, just as much as those who perform the music of others or folk music. The standard Free Illegal Music Downloading body of choices and techniques present at a given time and a given place is referred to as performance practice, where as interpretation Free Illegal Music Downloading is generally used to mean either individual choices of a performer, or an aspect of music which Free Illegal Music Downloading is not clear, and therefore has a "standard" interpretation.
In Free Illegal Music Downloading some musical Free Illegal Music Downloading genres, such as jazz and blues, even more freedom is given to the performer to engage in improvisation on a basic melodic, harmonic, or rhythmic framework. The greatest latitude is given to the Free Illegal Music Downloading performer in a Free Illegal Music Downloading style of performing called free Free Illegal Music Downloading improvisation, which Free Illegal Music Downloading is material that is spontaneously Free Illegal Music Downloading "thought of" (imagined) while being performed, not preconceived. According to the analysis of Georgiana Costescu,[citation needed] improvised music usually follows stylistic Free Illegal Music Downloading or genre conventions and even "fully composed" includes some freely chosen material. Composition does not always mean the Free Illegal Music Downloading use of notation, or the known sole Free Illegal Music Downloading authorship of one individual.
Music can Free Illegal Music Downloading also be determined by describing a "process" which may create musical Free Illegal Music Downloading sounds; examples of this range from wind chimes, through computer programs which select sounds. Music which contains elements selected by chance is called Free Illegal Music Downloading Aleatoric music, and is associated with such composers as Free Illegal Music Downloading John Cage, Morton Feldman, and Witold Lutoslawski.
Musical composition is a term that describes the composition of a piece of music. Methods of composition vary widely Free Illegal Music Downloading from one composer to another, however in analysing music all forms � spontaneous, trained, or untrained � Free Illegal Music Downloading are built from elements comprising a musical piece. Music can be Free Illegal Music Downloading composed for repeated Free Illegal Music Downloading performance or it can be improvised: composed on the spot. The music Free Illegal Music Downloading can be Free Illegal Music Downloading performed entirely from memory, from a written system of musical notation, or some combination of both. Study Free Illegal Music Downloading of composition has traditionally been dominated by examination of methods Free Illegal Music Downloading and practice of Western Free Illegal Music Downloading classical music, but the definition of composition is broad enough to include spontaneously improvised works like those of free jazz Free Illegal Music Downloading performers and African drummers.
What is important in understanding the composition of a piece is singling out its elements. An understanding of Free Illegal Music Downloading music's formal elements can be helpful in deciphering exactly how a piece is constructed. A Free Illegal Music Downloading universal Free Illegal Music Downloading element of music is how sounds occur in time, which is referred to Free Illegal Music Downloading as the rhythm of Free Illegal Music Downloading a piece of music.
When a Free Illegal Music Downloading piece appears Free Illegal Music Downloading to have a changing time-feel, it is considered to be in rubato time, an Italian expression that indicates that Free Illegal Music Downloading the tempo of the piece changes Free Illegal Music Downloading to suit the expressive intent of the performer. Even random Free Illegal Music Downloading placement of random Alicia Keys Piano Sheet Music sounds, which occurs in musical montage, occurs within some kind of time, and thus employs Free Illegal Music Downloading time as a Free Illegal Music Downloading musical element.
Notation is the written expression of music notes and rhythms on paper using symbols. Free Illegal Music Downloading When music is written down, the pitches and rhythm of the music is notated, along with instructions on how to perform the music. The study of how to Free Illegal Music Downloading read notation involves Free Illegal Music Downloading music theory, harmony, the study of performance practice, and in some cases an understanding of historical performance methods.
Written notation varies with style and period of music. In Western Art music, the most common types of written notation are scores, which include all Free Illegal Music Downloading the music parts of an ensemble piece, and Free Illegal Music Downloading parts, which are the music notation Free Illegal Music Downloading for the individual performers or singers. In popular music, jazz, and blues, the standard musical notation is the lead sheet, Free Illegal Music Downloading which notates the melody, chords, lyrics Free Illegal Music Downloading (if it is a vocal piece), Free Illegal Music Downloading and structure Free Illegal Music Downloading of the music. Scores Free Illegal Music Downloading and parts are also used in Free Illegal Music Downloading popular music and jazz, particularly in large ensembles such as Free Illegal Music Downloading jazz "big bands."
In Free Illegal Music Downloading popular music, guitarists and electric bass players often Free Illegal Music Downloading read music notated in tablature, which indicates the location of the notes to be played on the instrument using a diagram of the guitar or bass fingerboard. Tabulature was also used in the Baroque era to notate music for the Free Illegal Music Downloading lute, a stringed, fretted Free Illegal Music Downloading instrument.
Notated music is produced as sheet music. To perform music from Free Illegal Music Downloading notation requires an understanding of both the musical style and the performance practice that is associated with a piece of music or genre.
Improvisation is the Free Illegal Music Downloading creation of spontaneous music. Improvisation is often considered an act of instantaneous composition by composers, where compositional techniques are employed Free Illegal Music Downloading with or without preparation.
Music theory Free Illegal Music Downloading encompasses the nature and mechanics of music. It often involves Free Illegal Music Downloading identifying Free Illegal Music Downloading patterns that govern composers' techniques. In a more detailed sense, music theory (in Free Illegal Music Downloading the western system) also distills and analyzes the elements of music � rhythm, harmony (harmonic function), melody, structure, and texture. People who study these properties are known as music theorists.
The field of music cognition involves the study of many aspects of music including how it is processed by listeners. Free Illegal Music Downloading Rather than accepting the standard Free Illegal Music Downloading practices Free Illegal Music Downloading of analyzing, composing, and Free Illegal Music Downloading performing music as a given, much research in music Free Illegal Music Downloading cognition Free Illegal Music Downloading seeks instead to uncover the mental processes that Free Illegal Music Downloading underlie these practices. Free Illegal Music Downloading Also, research in the field seeks to uncover commonalities between the musical traditions of disparate cultures and possible cognitive "constraints" that limit these musical systems. Questions regarding musical innateness, and emotional responses to music Free Illegal Music Downloading are also major areas of research in the field.
Deaf people can experience music by feeling the vibrations in their body, a process which can be Free Illegal Music Downloading enhanced if the individual holds a resonant, hollow object. A well-known deaf musician is Free Illegal Music Downloading the composer Ludwig van Beethoven, who composed many famous works even Free Illegal Music Downloading after Free Illegal Music Downloading he had completely lost his hearing. Recent examples of deaf musicians include Evelyn Glennie, a highly acclaimed percussionist who has been deaf since age Free Illegal Music Downloading twelve, and Chris Buck, a virtuoso violinist Free Illegal Music Downloading who has lost his hearing. This is relevant because it Free Illegal Music Downloading indicates that music is a Free Illegal Music Downloading deeper cognitive process than unexamined phrases such as, "pleasing to the ear" would suggest. Much research in music cognition seeks to uncover these complex mental processes involved in listening to music, which may seem intuitively simple, yet are vastly intricate and complex.The music that composers Free Illegal Music Downloading make can be heard through several Free Illegal Music Downloading media; the most traditional way is to hear it live, in the presence, or as one of the musicians. Live music can also be broadcast over the radio, television or the internet. Some musical styles focus on producing a sound for a performance, Free Illegal Music Downloading while others focus on producing a recording which mixes together Free Illegal Music Downloading sounds which were never Free Illegal Music Downloading played "live". Recording, even of styles Free Illegal Music Downloading which are essentially live, often uses the ability Free Illegal Music Downloading to edit and splice to produce recordings which are considered better than the actual performance.
As talking pictures emerged in the Free Illegal Music Downloading early 20th century, with their prerecorded musical tracks, an increasing number of moviehouse orchestra musicians found themselves out of work.[6] During the Free Illegal Music Downloading 1920s live musical performances by orchestras, pianists, and theater organists were common at first-run theaters[7] With the coming of the talking motion Free Illegal Music Downloading pictures, those featured performances were largely eliminated. The Free Illegal Music Downloading AFM took out newspaper Free Illegal Music Downloading advertisements protesting the replacement of live musicians with mechanical playing devices. One 1929 ad Free Illegal Music Downloading that appeared in the Pittsburgh Press features an image of a can labeled "Canned Music / Big Noise Brand / Guaranteed to Produce No Intellectual or Emotional Reaction Whatever"
Since legislation introduced Free Illegal Music Downloading to help protect performers, composers, publishers and producers, including the Audio Home Recording Act of 1992 in the United States, and the 1979 revised Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Free Illegal Music Downloading Artistic Works in the United Kingdom, recordings and live performances Free Illegal Music Downloading have also become more accessible through computers, devices and internet in Free Illegal Music Downloading a form that is commonly known as music-on-demand.
In many cultures, there Free Illegal Music Downloading is less distinction between performing and listening to music, since virtually everyone is involved in some sort of musical activity, often communal. Free Illegal Music Downloading In industrialised countries, listening to music through a recorded form, such as Free Illegal Music Downloading sound recording or watching a music video, became more common than experiencing live performance, roughly in the middle Free Illegal Music Downloading of the 20th century.
Sometimes, Free Illegal Music Downloading live performances incorporate prerecorded sounds. For Free Illegal Music Downloading example, a DJ Free Illegal Music Downloading uses disc records for scratching, and some 20th-century works have a solo for an instrument or voice that is performed along with music that is Free Illegal Music Downloading prerecorded onto a Free Illegal Music Downloading tape. Computers and Free Illegal Music Downloading many keyboards can be programmed Free Illegal Music Downloading to produce and play MIDI music. Audiences can also become performers by participating in Karaoke, Free Illegal Music Downloading an activity of Japanese origin which centres around a device that plays voice-eliminated versions of well-known songs. Most karaoke Free Illegal Music Downloading machines also have video screens that show lyrics to songs being performed; performers can Free Illegal Music Downloading follow the lyrics as they sing over the instrumental tracks.
The advent Free Illegal Music Downloading of the Internet has transformed Free Illegal Music Downloading the experience of music, partly through the increased Free Illegal Music Downloading ease Free Illegal Music Downloading of access to music and the increased choice. Chris Anderson, in his book The Long Tail: Why Free Illegal Music Downloading the future of business is selling less of more, suggests that while the economic model of supply Free Illegal Music Downloading and demand describes scarcity, the Internet retail model is based on abundance. Free Illegal Music Downloading Digital storage costs are low, so a company can afford Free Illegal Music Downloading to make its whole inventory available online, giving customers as much Free Illegal Music Downloading choice as possible. It has thus become Free Illegal Music Downloading economically viable to offer products that very few people are interested in. Consumers' growing awareness Free Illegal Music Downloading of their increased choice results in a closer Free Illegal Music Downloading association between listening tastes and social identity, and the creation of thousands of niche Free Illegal Music Downloading markets.
Another effect Free Illegal Music Downloading of the Internet arises with Free Illegal Music Downloading online communities like Free Illegal Music Downloading Youtube and Myspace. Myspace has Free Illegal Music Downloading made social networking with other musicians easier, and greatly facilitates the distribution of one's music. Youtube also has a large community of both amateur and professional musicians who post videos and comments. Professional musicians also use Youtube Free Illegal Music Downloading as Free Illegal Music Downloading a free publisher of promotional material.
Youtube users, for example, no longer only download and listen to mp3s, but also actively create their Free Illegal Music Downloading own. According to Tapscott and Williams, there has been a shift from a traditional consumer role to what they call a "prosumer" role, a consumer who Free Illegal Music Downloading both creates Free Illegal Music Downloading and Free Illegal Music Downloading consumes. Manifestations of this in music include the production Free Illegal Music Downloading of mashes, remixes, and music videos by Free Illegal Music Downloading fans. |
