Film is a term that encompasses individual motion pictures, the field of film as an art form, Simon Birch Movie and the motion picture Simon Birch Movie industry. Films are Simon Birch Movie produced by recording images from the world with cameras, or by creating images using animation Simon Birch Movie techniques or special effects.
Films are cultural artifacts created by specific cultures, which reflect those Simon Birch Movie cultures, and, in turn, affect them. Film is considered to be an important art form, a source of popular entertainment and a powerful method Simon Birch Movie for educating � or indoctrinating Simon Birch Movie � citizens. The visual elements of cinema gives motion pictures a universal power of communication. Some films have become popular worldwide attractions by using dubbing or subtitles that translate the dialogue.
Traditional films are made up of a series of individual images Simon Birch Movie called frames. Simon Birch Movie When these images are shown rapidly in succession, a viewer has the illusion that motion is Simon Birch Movie occurring. The viewer cannot see the flickering between frames due to an effect Simon Birch Movie known as persistence of vision, whereby the eye retains a
The origin of the name "film" comes from the fact that photographic film (also called film stock) had historically been the primary medium for recording and displaying motion pictures. Many other terms exist Simon Birch Movie for an individual motion picture, including picture, picture show, photo-play, flick, and most commonly, movie. Additional terms for the field in general include Simon Birch Movie the big screen, the silver screen, the cinema, and the movies.In the 1860s, mechanisms for producing artificially created, two-dimensional images in motion were demonstrated with devices such as the zoetrope and the praxinoscope. These machines were outgrowths of simple optical devices (such as magic lanterns) and would display sequences of still pictures at sufficient speed for the images on the pictures to appear Simon Birch Movie to be moving, a phenomenon Simon Birch Movie called persistence of vision. Naturally, Simon Birch Movie the images Simon Birch Movie needed to be carefully designed to achieve the desired Simon Birch Movie effect � and the underlying principle became the basis for the development of film Simon Birch Movie animation.
A frame from Roundhay Garden Scene, the world's earliest film, by Simon Birch Movie Louis Le Prince, 1888
With the development of celluloid film for Simon Birch Movie still photography, it became possible to directly capture objects in motion in real time. Early versions of the technology sometimes required a person to Simon Birch Movie look into a viewing Simon Birch Movie machine Simon Birch Movie to Simon Birch Movie see Simon Birch Movie the pictures which were Simon Birch Movie separate paper Simon Birch Movie prints attached to a drum turned Simon Birch Movie by a handcrank. The pictures were shown at a variable speed of about 5 to Simon Birch Movie 10 pictures per Simon Birch Movie second depending on Cheerleader Sex Movie Tgp how rapidly the crank was turned. Some of Simon Birch Movie these machines were coin operated. By the 1880s, the development of the motion picture camera allowed the individual component images to be captured and stored on Simon Birch Movie a single reel, and led quickly to the development of a motion Simon Birch Movie picture projector to shine light through the processed and Simon Birch Movie printed film and magnify these Simon Birch Movie "moving picture shows" onto a screen Simon Birch Movie for an entire audience. These reels, so exhibited, came Simon Birch Movie to be known as "motion pictures". Early motion pictures Simon Birch Movie were static shots that showed an event or action with no editing or other cinematic techniques.
Ignoring Dickson's early sound experiments Simon Birch Movie (1894), commercial motion pictures were Simon Birch Movie purely visual art through the late 19th century, but these innovative silent films had gained a Simon Birch Movie hold on the public imagination. Around the Simon Birch Movie turn of Simon Birch Movie the twentieth century, films began developing a narrative structure by stringing Simon Birch Movie scenes together to tell narratives. The scenes were later broken up into multiple shots of varying sizes and angles. Other techniques such as camera movement were realized as effective ways to portray a story on film. Rather than leave the audience in silence, theater owners would hire a pianist or organist or a full orchestra to play music fitting the mood of the film at any given moment. By the early 1920s, most films came with a prepared list of sheet Simon Birch Movie music for this purpose, with complete film scores being composed for major productions.
A shot from Georges Melies Le Voyage dans la Lune (A Simon Birch Movie Trip to Simon Birch Movie the Moon) (1902), an early narrative film.
The rise of European cinema was interrupted by the breakout of World War I while the film industry in United States flourished with Simon Birch Movie the rise of Hollywood. However in the 1920s, European filmmakers such as Sergei Eisenstein, F. W. Murnau, and Fritz Lang, along with Simon Birch Movie American innovator D. W. Griffith and the contributions of Charles Chaplin, Buster Keaton and others, continued to advance the medium. In the 1920s, new technology allowed filmmakers to attach Simon Birch Movie to each film a soundtrack of speech, music and sound effects synchronized with the action on the screen. These sound films were initially distinguished by calling them "talking pictures", or talkies.
The next major step in the development of cinema was the introduction of so-called Simon Birch Movie "natural" color. Simon Birch Movie While the addition Simon Birch Movie of sound quickly eclipsed silent film and theater musicians, color was adopted more gradually as Simon Birch Movie methods evolved making it more practical and cost effective to produce "natural color" films. The public was relatively indifferent to color photography as Simon Birch Movie opposed to black-and-white,[citation needed] but as color processes improved and became as affordable as black-and-white film, more and more Simon Birch Movie movies were filmed in color after the end of World War II, as the industry Simon Birch Movie in America came Simon Birch Movie to view color as Simon Birch Movie essential to attracting audiences in Simon Birch Movie its competition with television, which remained a black-and-white medium until the mid-1960s. By the end of the 1960s, col
Since the decline of the studio system in the 1960s, the succeeding decades saw changes in Simon Birch Movie the production and style of film. New Simon Birch Movie Hollywood, French New Simon Birch Movie Wave and the rise of film school educated independent filmmakers were Simon Birch Movie all part of the changes the medium experienced in the latter half of Simon Birch Movie the 20th century. Digital technology has been the driving force in change throughout the 1990s and into the 21st century.
Theory
Main article: Film theory
Film theory seeks to develop concise and systematic concepts that apply to the study of film as art. It was started by Ricciotto Canudo's The Birth of the Sixth Art. Formalist film theory, led Simon Birch Movie by Rudolf Arnheim, Bela Balazs, and Siegfried Kracauer, Simon Birch Movie emphasized how film differed Simon Birch Movie from reality, and Simon Birch Movie thus could be considered a valid fine art. Andre Bazin reacted against this theory by arguing that film's Simon Birch Movie artistic essence lay in its ability to mechanically reproduce reality not in its differences from reality, and this gave rise to realist theory. More recent analysis spurred by Lacan's psychoanalysis and Ferdinand de Saussure's semiotics among other things has given rise to psychoanalytical film theory, structuralist film theory, feminist film theory and others.
Criticism
Main article: Film criticism
Film criticism is the analysis and evaluation of films. In general, these works can be divided into two categories: academic criticism by film scholars and journalistic Simon Birch Movie film criticism that appears Simon Birch Movie regularly in newspapers and other media.
Film critics working for newspapers, Simon Birch Movie magazines, Simon Birch Movie and broadcast media mainly review new releases. Normally they only see any given film once and have only a day Simon Birch Movie or two to Simon Birch Movie formulate opinions. Despite this, critics have an Simon Birch Movie important impact on films, especially those of certain Simon Birch Movie genres. Mass marketed action, horror, and comedy films tend not to be greatly affected by a critic's Simon Birch Movie overall judgment of a film. The plot summary and description of a film that makes up the majority of any film review can still have an important impact on whether people decide to see a film. Simon Birch Movie For prestige films such as most dramas, the influence of reviews is extremely important. Poor Simon Birch Movie reviews will often doom a film to Simon Birch Movie obscurity and financial loss.
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The Simon Birch Movie impact of a reviewer Simon Birch Movie on a given film's box office performance Simon Birch Movie is a matter of debate. Some claim that movie marketing Simon Birch Movie is now so intense and well financed Simon Birch Movie that reviewers cannot Simon Birch Movie make an impact against it. However, Simon Birch Movie the cataclysmic failure of Simon Birch Movie some heavily-promoted movies which were harshly reviewed, as well as the unexpected success of critically praised independent Simon Birch Movie movies indicates that extreme critical reactions can have considerable influence. Others note that positive film reviews have been Simon Birch Movie shown to spark interest in little-known films. Conversely, there have been Simon Birch Movie several films Simon Birch Movie in which film companies have Simon Birch Movie so little confidence that Simon Birch Movie they refuse to give reviewers an advanced viewing to avoid widespread panning of the film. However, this usually backfires as reviewers are wise to the tactic and warn the public that the film may not be worth seeing and the films often do poorly as a result.
It is Simon Birch Movie argued that journalist film critics should only be known as film reviewers, and true film Simon Birch Movie critics are those who take a more academic approach to films. This line of work is more often known as film theory or film studies. These film critics attempt to come to understand how film and filming techniques work, and what effect they have on people. Rather than having their works published in Simon Birch Movie newspapers or appear on television, their articles are published in scholarly journals, or sometimes Simon Birch Movie in up-market magazines. Simon Birch Movie They also tend to be Simon Birch Movie affiliated with colleges or universities.
Industry
Main article: Film industry
The making and showing of motion pictures became Simon Birch Movie a source of profit almost Simon Birch Movie as soon as the process was invented. Upon seeing how successful their new invention, and its product, was in their native France, the Simon Birch Movie Lumieres quickly set about touring Simon Birch Movie the Continent to exhibit the Freida Movie first films privately to royalty and publicly to the masses. In each country, they would normally add new, local scenes to their catalogue and, quickly enough, found local entrepreneurs in the Simon Birch Movie various countries of Europe to buy their equipment and photograph, export, import and Simon Birch Movie screen additional product Simon Birch Movie commercially. The Oberammergau Passion Play of 1898[citation needed] was the first commercial motion picture ever Simon Birch Movie produced. Other pictures soon followed, and motion Simon Birch Movie pictures became a separate industry that overshadowed the vaudeville world. Simon Birch Movie Dedicated theaters and companies formed specifically to produce and Simon Birch Movie distribute films, while motion picture actors became major celebrities and commanded huge fees for their performances. Simon Birch Movie Already by 1917, Charlie Chaplin had a contract that called Simon Birch Movie for an annual salary of one million dollars.
In the United States today, Simon Birch Movie much of the film industry is centered Simon Birch Movie around Simon Birch Movie Hollywood. Other regional centers exist in many parts Simon Birch Movie of the world, Simon Birch Movie such as Mumbai-centered Bollywood, the Indian film industry's Hindi cinema which produces the largest number of films Simon Birch Movie in the world.[1] Simon Birch Movie Whether the Simon Birch Movie ten thousand-plus feature length films a year produced by the Valley pornographic film industry should qualify for this title is the source of some debate.[citation needed] Though the expense involved in making movies has led cinema production to concentrate under the auspices of movie studios, recent advances in affordable film making equipment have allowed Simon Birch Movie independent film productions to flourish.
Profit is a key force in the industry, due to the costly Simon Birch Movie and risky nature of filmmaking; many films Simon Birch Movie have large cost overruns, a notorious example Simon Birch Movie being Simon Birch Movie Kevin Costner's Waterworld. Yet many filmmakers strive to create works of lasting social significance. The Simon Birch Movie Academy Awards (also known as "the Oscars") are the most prominent film awards in the United States, providing recognition each year Simon Birch Movie to films, ostensibly based on their artistic merits.
There is also a large industry for educational and instructional films made in lieu Simon Birch Movie of or in addition to lectures and texts.
Preview
A preview performance refers to a Simon Birch Movie showing of Simon Birch Movie a movie to a select audience, usually for the purposes of corporate promotions, before the public film premiere itself. Previews are sometimes used to judge Simon Birch Movie audience reaction, which if unexpectedly negative, may result in recutting or even refilming certain sections. (cf Audience response.)
Trailer
Main Simon Birch Movie article: Trailer (film)
Trailers or previews are film Simon Birch Movie advertisements for films that will be exhibited in the future at a cinema, on whose screen they are shown. The term "trailer" comes from their Simon Birch Movie having originally been shown at Simon Birch Movie the end of a film programme. That practice did not last long, because patrons tended Simon Birch Movie to leave the Movie Junebug theater after the films ended, but the name has Simon Birch Movie stuck. Trailers are now shown before the film (or the A movie in a double feature program) begins.
The nature of Simon Birch Movie the film determines the size and type of crew required during filmmaking. Many Hollywood adventure films need computer generated imagery (CGI), created by dozens of 3D modellers, animators, rotoscopers and compositors. However, a low-budget, independent Simon Birch Movie film may be made with a skeleton crew, often paid very Simon Birch Movie little. Also, an open source film may be produced through open, collaborative processes. Filmmaking takes place all over the world using different Simon Birch Movie technologies, styles of acting and genre, and Simon Birch Movie is produced in a variety of economic contexts that range from state-sponsored documentary in China Simon Birch Movie to profit-oriented movie Simon Birch Movie making within the American studio system.
This Simon Birch Movie production cycle typically takes Simon Birch Movie three years. The first Simon Birch Movie year is taken up with Simon Birch Movie development. The second year comprises preproduction and production. Simon Birch Movie The third year, post-production and distribution.
Crew
Main Simon Birch Movie article: Film crew
A film crew is a group of people hired by a film company, employed during the "production" or "photography" phase, for the purpose of producing Simon Birch Movie a film or motion picture. Crew are distinguished from cast, Simon Birch Movie the actors Simon Birch Movie who appear in front of Simon Birch Movie the camera or provide Simon Birch Movie voices for Simon Birch Movie characters in the film. The crew Simon Birch Movie interacts with but is also distinct from the production staff, consisting of Simon Birch Movie producers, managers, company representatives, their assistants, and those whose primary Simon Birch Movie responsibility falls in Simon Birch Movie pre-production or post-production phases, such as writers and editors. Communication between production Simon Birch Movie and crew generally passes through the Simon Birch Movie director and his/her staff of assistants. Medium-to-large crews Simon Birch Movie are generally divided into departments with well defined hierarchies and standards for interaction and cooperation between the departments. Other than acting, the crew handles everything in the photography phase: Simon Birch Movie props and costumes, shooting, sound, electrics (i.e., lights), Simon Birch Movie sets, and Simon Birch Movie production special effects. Caterers (known in the film industry as "craft services") are usually not considered part of the Simon Birch Movie crew.
Technology
Film stock consists of transparent celluloid, acetate, or polyester base coated Simon Birch Movie with an emulsion containing light-sensitive chemicals. Cellulose nitrate was the first Simon Birch Movie type of film base used to Simon Birch Movie record motion pictures, but due to its flammability was eventually replaced by safer materials. Stock widths and the film Simon Birch Movie format for images on the reel Simon Birch Movie have Simon Birch Movie had Juneau Movie a rich history, though most large commercial films Simon Birch Movie are still Simon Birch Movie shot Simon Birch Movie on (and distributed to theaters) as 35 mm prints.
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Originally moving picture film was shot Simon Birch Movie and projected at various speeds using hand-cranked cameras and projectors; though Simon Birch Movie 1000 frames per Simon Birch Movie minute (16? frame/s) Simon Birch Movie is generally cited as a standard silent speed, research indicates most films were shot between Simon Birch Movie 16 frame/s and 23 frame/s and projected from 18 frame/s on up Simon Birch Movie (often reels included instructions on how fast each Simon Birch Movie scene should be shown) [1]. When sound film was introduced in the late 1920s, a constant speed was required for the sound Simon Birch Movie head. 24 frames per second was chosen because it was the slowest (and thus cheapest) speed which allowed for sufficient sound quality. Improvements since the late 19th century include the Simon Birch Movie mechanization of cameras � Simon Birch Movie allowing them to record at a consistent speed, quiet Simon Birch Movie camera Simon Birch Movie design � allowing Simon Birch Movie sound recorded on-set to be usable without requiring large "blimps" to encase the camera, the invention of more sophisticated filmstocks and Simon Birch Movie lenses, allowing directors to film in increasingly dim conditions, and Simon Birch Movie the development of synchronized sound, allowing sound to Simon Birch Movie be recorded at Simon Birch Movie exactly the same speed as its corresponding action. The soundtrack can be recorded separately from shooting the film, but for live-action pictures many parts Simon Birch Movie of the soundtrack are usually Simon Birch Movie recorded simultaneously.
As a medium, film is not limited to motion Simon Birch Movie pictures, since the Simon Birch Movie technology developed as the basis Simon Birch Movie for photography. Simon Birch Movie It can be used to Simon Birch Movie present a progressive sequence of still images in the form of a slideshow. Film has Simon Birch Movie also been incorporated into multimedia Simon Birch Movie presentations, Simon Birch Movie and often has Simon Birch Movie importance as primary historical documentation. However, historic films have problems in terms Simon Birch Movie of preservation and storage, and the motion picture industry is Simon Birch Movie exploring Simon Birch Movie many alternatives. Most movies on cellulose nitrate base have been copied onto modern Simon Birch Movie safety films. Some studios save color films through the use of separation masters � three B&W negatives each exposed through red, green, or blue filters (essentially a reverse of the Technicolor process). Digital methods have also been used to Simon Birch Movie restore Simon Birch Movie films, although their continued obsolescence cycle makes them (as of 2006) a poor Simon Birch Movie choice for long-term preservation. Simon Birch Movie Film preservation of decaying film Simon Birch Movie stock is Simon Birch Movie a matter of concern to both film historians and archivists, and to companies Simon Birch Movie interested in preserving their existing products in order to make them Simon Birch Movie available to future generations (and thereby increase revenue). Preservation is generally a higher-concern for nitrate Simon Birch Movie and single-strip color films, due to their high decay rates; black and white films on safety bases and color Simon Birch Movie films preserved on Technicolor imbibition prints tend to keep up much better, assuming proper handling and storage.
Some films in recent Simon Birch Movie decades have been recorded using analog video technology similar to Simon Birch Movie that used in television production. Modern digital video cameras and digital projectors Simon Birch Movie are gaining ground as well. These approaches are extremely beneficial Simon Birch Movie to moviemakers, especially because footage Simon Birch Movie can be evaluated and edited without waiting Sailor Moon Hentai Movie for the film stock to Simon Birch Movie be processed. Yet the migration is gradual, and Simon Birch Movie as of 2005 most major motion pictures are still recorded on film.
Independent
Main article: Simon Birch Movie Independent film
The Lumiere Brothers
Independent filmmaking often takes place outside of Hollywood, or other major studio systems. An independent film (or Movie The St Francisville Experiment indie film) Simon Birch Movie is a film initially produced without financing or distribution from a major Simon Birch Movie movie studio. Creative, Simon Birch Movie business, and technological reasons have all contributed Simon Birch Movie to the growth of Simon Birch Movie the indie film scene in the late 20th and early 21st Simon Birch Movie century.
On the business side, the costs of big-budget studio films also leads to conservative choices in cast Simon Birch Movie and crew. There Simon Birch Movie is a Simon Birch Movie trend in Hollywood Simon Birch Movie towards co-financing (over two-thirds of the films put out by Warner Bros. in 2000 were joint ventures, up from 10% Simon Birch Movie in 1987).[2] Simon Birch Movie A Simon Birch Movie hopeful Simon Birch Movie director is Simon Birch Movie almost never given the opportunity to get a job on a big-budget studio film unless he or she has significant industry experience in film or television. Also, the studios rarely produce films with unknown actors, particularly Simon Birch Movie in lead roles.
Before Simon Birch Movie the Simon Birch Movie advent of digital alternatives, the cost of professional Simon Birch Movie film equipment and stock was also a hurdle to being able to produce, direct, or star in a traditional studio film. The cost of 35 mm film Simon Birch Movie is outpacing inflation: in 2002 alone, film negative costs were up 23%, according to Variety.[2].
But the advent of consumer Simon Birch Movie camcorders in 1985, and more importantly, the arrival of high-resolution digital video in the early 1990s, have lowered the technology barrier to movie production significantly. Both production and post-production costs have been Simon Birch Movie significantly lowered; today, the hardware and software for post-production can Simon Birch Movie be installed in a commodity-based personal computer. Technologies Simon Birch Movie such as DVDs, FireWire connections and non-linear Simon Birch Movie editing system pro-level software like Adobe Premiere Pro, Sony Vegas and Apple's Simon Birch Movie Final Cut Pro, and consumer level software such as Apple's Final Cut Express and iMovie make movie-making Simon Birch Movie relatively inexpensive.
Since the introduction of DV technology, the means of Simon Birch Movie production have become more democratized. Filmmakers can conceivably shoot and edit a movie, create Simon Birch Movie and edit the sound and music, and mix the final cut on a home computer. However, while the means of production may be democratized, financing, distribution, and marketing remain difficult to accomplish outside the traditional system. Most independent filmmakers rely on film festivals to get their films noticed and sold for distribution. The arrival of internet-based video outlets such Simon Birch Movie as YouTube and Veoh has further changed the film making landscape in ways that are still to be determined.
Open content film
Main article: Open content film
An open content film is much like an independent film, but it is produced through open collaborations; its source material is available under a license which is permissive enough to allow Simon Birch Movie other parties to create fan fiction or derivative works, Simon Birch Movie than a traditional copyright. Like independent filmmaking, open source filmmaking takes place outside of Hollywood, or other major studio systems.
Fan film
Main article: Fan film
A fan film Simon Birch Movie is a film or video inspired by a film, television program, comic Simon Birch Movie book or a similar Simon Birch Movie source, created by fans rather than by the source's copyright holders or creators. Fan filmmakers have traditionally been amateurs, but some of the more Simon Birch Movie notable films have Simon Birch Movie actually been produced Simon Birch Movie by professional filmmakers as film school class projects or as demonstration reels. Fan Simon Birch Movie films vary tremendously in length, from short faux-teaser Simon Birch Movie trailers Simon Birch Movie for non-existent motion Simon Birch Movie pictures to rarer full-length motion pictures
Animation is the technique in which each frame of a film is produced individually, whether Simon Birch Movie generated as a computer graphic, or by photographing a drawn Simon Birch Movie image, or by repeatedly making small changes to a model unit (see claymation and stop motion), and then photographing the result with a special animation camera. When the frames are strung together and the resulting film is viewed Simon Birch Movie at a speed of 16 or more frames per second, there is an illusion of continuous movement (due to the persistence of vision). Generating such a Simon Birch Movie film is Simon Birch Movie very labour intensive Simon Birch Movie and tedious, though the development of computer animation has Simon Birch Movie greatly Simon Birch Movie sped up the process.
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File formats like GIF, QuickTime, Shockwave and Flash allow animation to be viewed on a computer or over the Internet.
Because animation is very time-consuming and often very expensive to produce, Simon Birch Movie the majority of animation for TV and movies Simon Birch Movie comes from Simon Birch Movie professional animation studios. However, the field of independent animation has existed at Simon Birch Movie least since the 1950s, with animation being produced by independent Simon Birch Movie studios (and sometimes by a single person). Several independent animation producers have gone on to enter the professional animation industry.
Limited animation is a way of increasing production and Simon Birch Movie decreasing costs of animation by using "short cuts" in the animation process. This Simon Birch Movie method was Simon Birch Movie pioneered by UPA and popularized by Hanna-Barbera, and adapted by other studios as cartoons moved from Simon Birch Movie movie theaters to television.[3]
Although most animation studios are now using Simon Birch Movie digital technologies in their productions, there is a specific style of animation that depends on film. Cameraless animation, made famous by moviemakers like Norman McLaren, Len Lye and Stan Brakhage, is painted and drawn directly onto pieces of film, and then run through a projector.
Venues
When it is initially produced, a feature Simon Birch Movie film is often shown to audiences in a movie theater or cinema. The first theater designed exclusively for cinema opened in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in 1905.[4] Thousands of such Simon Birch Movie theaters were built Simon Birch Movie or converted from existing facilities within Simon Birch Movie a few years.[5] In the United States, these theaters came Simon Birch Movie to be known as nickelodeons, because admission typically cost a nickel (five cents).
Typically, one film is Simon Birch Movie the featured presentation (or feature film). Before the 1970s, there were Simon Birch Movie "double features"; typically, a high quality "A picture" rented by an independent theater for a Simon Birch Movie lump sum, and a "B picture" of lower quality Simon Birch Movie rented for a percentage Simon Birch Movie of the gross Simon Birch Movie receipts. Today, the bulk of the material shown before the feature film consists of previews for upcoming movies and paid advertisements (also known as trailers or "The Simon Birch Movie Twenty").
Historically, all mass marketed feature films were Simon Birch Movie made to be shown in movie theaters. The development of television has allowed films to be broadcast to Simon Birch Movie larger audiences, usually after the film is no longer being shown in theaters. Recording technology has also Simon Birch Movie enabled consumers to rent or buy copies Chip Munk Movie Sound Track of films on VHS or DVD (and the older formats of laserdisc, VCD and Simon Birch Movie SelectaVision � see also videodisc), Simon Birch Movie and Internet downloads may be available and have started to become revenue sources for the film companies. Some films are now made specifically Simon Birch Movie for these other Simon Birch Movie venues, being released as made-for-TV movies or direct-to-video movies. The production values on these films are often considered to be of inferior quality compared to theatrical releases in similar genres, and indeed, some films that are rejected by their own studios upon completion are distributed through these Simon Birch Movie markets.
The movie theater pays an average of about 50-55% of its ticket sales to Simon Birch Movie the movie studio, as film Simon Birch Movie rental fees.[6] The actual percentage starts with a number higher than that, and decreases as the duration of a Simon Birch Movie film's showing continues, as an Simon Birch Movie incentive to theaters to keep movies in the theater longer. However, today's barrage of highly marketed movies Simon Birch Movie ensures that most movies are shown in first-run theaters for less than 8 weeks. There are a few Simon Birch Movie movies every year that defy this rule, often Simon Birch Movie limited-release movies that start in only Simon Birch Movie a few theaters and actually grow their theater count Simon Birch Movie through good word-of-mouth and reviews. According to a 2000 study by ABN AMRO, about 26% of Hollywood movie studios' worldwide income came from box office ticket sales; 46% came from VHS Simon Birch Movie and DVD sales to consumers; Simon Birch Movie and 28% came from Simon Birch Movie television Simon Birch Movie (broadcast, cable, Simon Birch Movie and pay-per-view).[6]
Future state
While motion picture films have been around for Simon Birch Movie more than a century, film is still a relative newcomer in the pantheon Simon Birch Movie of fine arts. In the 1950s, when television became widely available, industry Simon Birch Movie analysts predicted the demise Simon Birch Movie of local movie theaters. Simon Birch Movie Despite competition from television's increasing technological sophistication over the 1960s Simon Birch Movie and 1970s, such as the Simon Birch Movie development of color television and large screens, motion picture cinemas Simon Birch Movie continued. In the 1980s, when the widespread availability of inexpensive videocassette recorders enabled people to select films for home viewing, industry analysts again wrongly predicted the death of the local cinemas.
In the 1990s and Simon Birch Movie 2000s the development of digital DVD players, home theater amplification systems with surround Simon Birch Movie sound and Simon Birch Movie subwoofers, and large LCD or plasma screens enabled people to select and view films at Simon Birch Movie home with greatly improved audio and visual reproduction. Simon Birch Movie These new technologies provided audio and visual Free B Movie Clips Cheerleaders that in the past only local cinemas had been able to Simon Birch Movie provide: a large, clear widescreen presentation of a Simon Birch Movie film with a full-range, high-quality multi-speaker sound system. Once again Simon Birch Movie industry analysts predicted the demise of the local cinema. Local cinemas will be changing in the Simon Birch Movie 2000s and moving towards digital screens, a Simon Birch Movie new approach which will allow for easier and Simon Birch Movie quicker distribution of films (via satellite or hard disks), a development which may give local theaters a reprieve from their predicted demise.
The cinema now faces a new challenge from home video by the likes of a new Simon Birch Movie DVD format Blu-ray, which Simon Birch Movie can provide full HD 1080p video playback at near cinema quality. Simon Birch Movie Video formats Simon Birch Movie are gradually catching up with the resolutions and quality that film offers, 1080p in Blu-ray offers Simon Birch Movie a pixel resolution of 1920?1080 a leap from the DVD offering of 720?480 and the paltry 330?480 offered by the first home video standard VHS. Simon Birch Movie The maximum resolutions that film currently offers are 2485?2970 or Simon Birch Movie 1420?3390, UHD, a future digital video Simon Birch Movie format, will offer a massive resolution of 7680?4320, surpassing all current film resolutions. The only viable competitor Simon Birch Movie to these new innovations is IMAX which can play film content at an extreme 10000?7000 resolution.
Despite the rise of all new technologies, the development of the home video market Simon Birch Movie and a surge of online Simon Birch Movie piracy, 2007 was a Simon Birch Movie record year in film Simon Birch Movie that showed the highest ever box-office grosses. Many Simon Birch Movie expected film Simon Birch Movie to suffer as a result of the effects listed above but Simon Birch Movie it has flourished, strengthening Simon Birch Movie film studio expectations for the future. |
