Film is a term that encompasses individual motion pictures, Movie Intro Theme Music the field of film as an art form, and the motion picture industry. Films are produced by recording images from the world with cameras, or by creating images using animation techniques or special effects.
Films are cultural artifacts Movie Intro Theme Music created by specific cultures, which reflect those cultures, and, in turn, affect them. Film is Movie Intro Theme Music considered to Movie Intro Theme Music be an important art form, a source Movie Intro Theme Music of popular entertainment and a powerful method for educating � or indoctrinating � citizens. The visual elements of cinema gives motion pictures a universal power Movie Intro Theme Music of communication. Some films have become popular worldwide attractions by using dubbing or subtitles that translate the dialogue.
Traditional films are made up of a series of individual images called frames. When these images are Movie Intro Theme Music shown rapidly in Movie Intro Theme Music succession, a viewer has the Movie Intro Theme Music illusion that motion is occurring. The viewer cannot Movie Intro Theme Music see the Movie Intro Theme Music flickering between frames due to an effect known as persistence of vision, Movie Intro Theme Music Scanners Movie whereby the Movie Intro Theme Music eye retains a
The Movie Intro Theme Music origin of the name "film" comes from the fact that photographic Movie Intro Theme Music film (also called film stock) Movie Intro Theme Music had historically been the primary medium for recording and displaying Movie Intro Theme Music motion pictures. Many other terms exist for an individual motion picture, including picture, picture show, photo-play, flick, and most commonly, movie. Additional terms for the field in general include the big screen, Movie Intro Theme Music the silver screen, the cinema, and the movies.In the 1860s, mechanisms for producing artificially created, two-dimensional images in motion were demonstrated with devices such as the zoetrope and Movie Intro Theme Music the praxinoscope. These Movie Intro Theme Music machines were outgrowths of simple optical devices Movie Intro Theme Music (such as magic lanterns) Movie Intro Theme Music and would Movie Intro Theme Music display sequences of still pictures at sufficient speed for the images on the Movie Intro Theme Music pictures to appear to be moving, a phenomenon called persistence of vision. Naturally, the images needed to be carefully designed to achieve the desired effect � and the underlying Movie Intro Theme Music principle became the basis for the development of film animation.
A frame from Roundhay Garden Scene, the world's earliest film, by Louis Le Prince, 1888
With the development of Movie Intro Theme Music celluloid film for still photography, it became Movie Intro Theme Music possible to directly capture objects in motion in real time. Early versions Movie Intro Theme Music of the Movie Intro Theme Music technology sometimes required a person to Movie Intro Theme Music look Movie Intro Theme Music into a Movie Intro Theme Music viewing Movie Intro Theme Music machine to see the pictures which Movie Intro Theme Music were separate paper prints attached Movie Intro Theme Music to a drum turned by a handcrank. The pictures were shown at a variable Movie Intro Theme Music speed of about 5 to 10 pictures per second depending on how rapidly the crank was Movie Intro Theme Music turned. Some Movie Intro Theme Music of these machines were coin operated. By the 1880s, the development of the motion picture camera allowed the individual component images to be captured and stored on a single reel, and led quickly to the development of a Movie Intro Theme Music motion picture Movie Intro Theme Music projector to shine light Movie Intro Theme Music through the processed and printed film and magnify Movie Intro Theme Music these "moving picture shows" onto a screen for Movie Intro Theme Music an Movie Intro Theme Music entire Movie Intro Theme Music audience. These reels, so exhibited, came to be known as "motion Movie Intro Theme Music pictures". Early motion pictures were static shots that showed an event or action with no Movie Intro Theme Music editing or Movie Intro Theme Music other cinematic techniques.
Ignoring Dickson's early sound experiments (1894), commercial motion pictures were Movie Intro Theme Music purely visual art through the Movie Intro Theme Music late 19th century, but these innovative silent films had gained a hold on the public imagination. Around the Movie Intro Theme Music turn of Movie Intro Theme Music the twentieth century, films began developing a narrative structure by Movie Intro Theme Music stringing scenes together to tell narratives. The scenes were later broken up into multiple shots Movie Intro Theme Music of varying sizes and angles. Other techniques such as camera movement were realized as effective ways to portray a story on film. Rather than leave Movie Intro Theme Music the audience Movie Intro Theme Music in silence, theater owners would hire a pianist or organist or a full orchestra to play music fitting the mood of the film at any Movie Intro Theme Music given moment. By the early 1920s, most Movie Intro Theme Music films came with a prepared list of sheet Movie Intro Theme Music music Movie Intro Theme Music for this purpose, with complete film scores being composed for major productions.
A shot from Georges Melies Le Voyage dans la Lune (A Trip Movie Intro Theme Music to the Moon) (1902), an early narrative film.
The rise of European cinema was interrupted by the breakout of World War I while the film Movie Intro Theme Music industry in United States flourished with the rise of Hollywood. However in the 1920s, Movie Intro Theme Music European filmmakers such as Sergei Eisenstein, Movie Intro Theme Music F. W. Movie Intro Theme Music Murnau, and Fritz Lang, along with American innovator D. W. Griffith and the contributions of Charles Chaplin, Buster Keaton and others, continued to advance the medium. In Movie Intro Theme Music the 1920s, new technology allowed filmmakers to attach to each film a soundtrack of Movie Intro Theme Music speech, music and sound effects synchronized Movie Intro Theme Music with the action on the screen. These Movie Intro Theme Music sound films were initially distinguished by calling them "talking pictures", or talkies.
The Movie Intro Theme Music next major step in the development of cinema was the introduction of so-called "natural" color. While the addition of sound quickly eclipsed silent film and theater musicians, color was adopted more gradually as methods evolved making it Movie Intro Theme Music more practical and cost effective to produce "natural color" Movie Intro Theme Music films. The public was relatively indifferent to color photography as opposed to black-and-white,[citation needed] Movie Intro Theme Music but as color processes improved and became as affordable as black-and-white Movie Intro Theme Music film, more and more movies were filmed in color after the end of World War II, as the industry Movie Intro Theme Music in America came to view color as essential to attracting audiences in its competition with television, which remained a black-and-white medium until the mid-1960s. By the end of the 1960s, col
Since the Movie Intro Theme Music decline of the studio system in the 1960s, the succeeding Movie Intro Theme Music decades saw changes in the production Movie Intro Theme Music and Movie Intro Theme Music style of film. New Hollywood, French New Wave and the rise of film school educated Movie Intro Theme Music independent filmmakers were all part of the changes the medium experienced in the latter half of the Movie Intro Theme Music 20th century. Digital technology has been the driving force in change throughout the 1990s and into the 21st century.
Theory
Main article: Film Movie Intro Theme Music theory
Film theory seeks to develop concise and systematic concepts Movie Intro Theme Music that apply to the study of film Movie Intro Theme Music as art. It was started by Ricciotto Canudo's The Birth of the Sixth Art. Formalist film theory, led Movie Intro Theme Music by Rudolf Movie Intro Theme Music Arnheim, Bela Balazs, and Siegfried Kracauer, emphasized how film differed from reality, and thus could be considered a valid fine art. Andre Movie Intro Theme Music Bazin Movie Intro Theme Music reacted against this theory by arguing that Movie Intro Theme Music film's artistic essence lay in its ability to mechanically reproduce reality not in its differences from reality, and Movie Intro Theme Music this gave rise to Movie Intro Theme Music realist theory. More recent analysis spurred by Lacan's psychoanalysis and Ferdinand de Saussure's semiotics among other things Movie Intro Theme Music has given rise to psychoanalytical film theory, structuralist film theory, feminist film theory and others.
Criticism
Main article: Film Movie Intro Theme Music criticism
Film criticism is the Movie Intro Theme Music analysis and evaluation of films. In general, these works can be divided into two Movie Intro Theme Music categories: academic criticism by film scholars and journalistic film criticism that appears regularly in newspapers and other media.
Film critics working for newspapers, magazines, and broadcast media mainly review new Movie Intro Theme Music releases. Normally they only see any given film once and have only a Movie Intro Theme Music day or Movie Intro Theme Music two to formulate opinions. Despite this, critics have an important impact on films, especially those Movie Intro Theme Music of certain genres. Mass marketed Movie Intro Theme Music action, horror, and comedy films Movie Intro Theme Music tend not to be greatly affected by a Movie Intro Theme Music critic's overall judgment of a film. The Movie Intro Theme Music plot summary and description of a film that makes up the majority of any Movie Intro Theme Music film review can still have an important impact on whether people decide to see a film. For prestige films such as most dramas, the influence Movie Intro Theme Music of reviews Movie Intro Theme Music is extremely important. Poor reviews will often doom Movie Intro Theme Music a film to obscurity and financial loss.
The impact of a reviewer on a given film's box office performance is a matter of debate. Some claim that movie marketing is now so Movie Intro Theme Music intense and Movie Intro Theme Music well financed that reviewers cannot make an impact against it. However, the cataclysmic failure of some heavily-promoted movies which were harshly reviewed, Movie Intro Theme Music as well as the unexpected success of critically praised independent movies indicates that extreme critical reactions can have considerable influence. Others note that positive Movie Intro Theme Music film reviews have been shown to spark interest in little-known Movie Intro Theme Music films. Conversely, there have been several films in which film companies have so little confidence that they refuse to give Movie Intro Theme Music reviewers an advanced viewing to Movie Intro Theme Music avoid widespread panning of the film. However, this usually backfires as Movie Intro Theme Music reviewers are wise to the tactic and warn Movie Intro Theme Music the public that Movie Intro Theme Music the film may not be worth seeing and Movie Intro Theme Music the films often do poorly as a result.
It is argued that journalist film critics should only be known as film reviewers, and true Movie Intro Theme Music film critics are those Movie Intro Theme Music who take a more academic approach to films. This line of work is more often known as Movie Intro Theme Music film theory or film studies. These film critics attempt to come to understand how film and Movie Intro Theme Music filming techniques work, and what effect they have on people. Rather than having their works published in newspapers or appear on television, their articles are published Movie Intro Theme Music in scholarly journals, or sometimes in up-market magazines. Movie Intro Theme Music They also tend to be affiliated with colleges or universities.
Industry
Main article: Film industry
The making and showing of motion pictures became a source of profit almost as soon as the process was invented. Upon seeing how successful their new invention, and its product, Movie Intro Theme Music was in Movie Intro Theme Music their native France, the Lumieres quickly set about touring the Continent to exhibit the first films privately to royalty and publicly to the masses. In each country, they would normally add new, local scenes to their catalogue and, quickly enough, found local entrepreneurs in the various countries of Europe to buy Movie Intro Theme Music their equipment and photograph, export, import and screen Movie Intro Theme Music additional product commercially. The Oberammergau Passion Play of 1898[citation needed] was the first commercial motion picture ever produced. Other pictures soon followed, and motion pictures became a separate industry that overshadowed the Movie Intro Theme Music vaudeville world. Dedicated theaters and companies formed specifically to produce and distribute films, while motion picture Movie Intro Theme Music actors became major celebrities and commanded huge fees for their performances. Movie Intro Theme Music Already by 1917, Charlie Chaplin had a contract that called Movie Intro Theme Music for an Movie Intro Theme Music annual salary of one million dollars.
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In Movie Intro Theme Music the Movie Intro Theme Music United States today, much of the film industry is centered around Hollywood. Other regional centers exist in many parts of the world, such as Mumbai-centered Bollywood, the Indian film industry's Hindi cinema Movie Intro Theme Music which produces the largest Movie Intro Theme Music number of films in the world.[1] Whether the ten thousand-plus feature length films Movie Intro Theme Music a year produced by the Valley pornographic film industry Movie Intro Theme Music should qualify for Movie Intro Theme Music this title is the source of some Movie Intro Theme Music debate.[citation needed] Though the expense involved in making movies has Movie Intro Theme Music led cinema production to concentrate under the auspices of movie studios, recent advances in affordable film making equipment have allowed independent film productions to flourish.
Profit is a key force in the industry, due to the costly and risky nature of filmmaking; many films have large cost overruns, a notorious example being Kevin Costner's Waterworld. Movie Intro Theme Music Yet many filmmakers strive to create works of lasting Movie Intro Theme Music social significance. The Academy Awards Movie Intro Theme Music (also known as "the Oscars") are the most Movie Intro Theme Music prominent film awards in Movie Intro Theme Music the United Movie Intro Theme Music States, providing recognition each year to films, Movie Intro Theme Music ostensibly based on their artistic merits.
There is also a large industry Movie Intro Theme Music for educational and instructional films made in lieu of or in addition to lectures and texts.
Preview
A preview performance refers Movie Intro Theme Music to a showing of a Movie Intro Theme Music movie to a select audience, usually for the purposes of corporate Movie Intro Theme Music promotions, before the Movie Intro Theme Music public film premiere itself. Previews are sometimes used to judge audience reaction, which if unexpectedly negative, may result in recutting Movie Intro Theme Music or even refilming certain sections. (cf Audience response.)
Trailer
Main article: Trailer (film)
Trailers or previews are film advertisements for films that will be exhibited in Movie Intro Theme Music the future at a cinema, on whose screen they are shown. The term "trailer" comes from their having originally been shown at the end of a film programme. That practice Movie Intro Theme Music did not last long, because patrons Movie Intro Theme Music tended to leave the theater after the films ended, but the name has stuck. Trailers Movie Intro Theme Music are now shown before the film (or the A Movie Intro Theme Music movie in a double feature program) begins.
The nature of the film determines the size and type of crew required during filmmaking. Movie Intro Theme Music Many Hollywood adventure films need Movie Intro Theme Music computer generated imagery (CGI), created by dozens Movie Intro Theme Music of 3D modellers, animators, rotoscopers and compositors. However, a low-budget, independent film may be made with Movie Intro Theme Music a skeleton crew, often paid very little. Also, an open source film may be produced through open, collaborative processes. Filmmaking takes Movie Intro Theme Music place all over the world using different technologies, styles of acting and genre, and is produced in a variety of economic contexts that range Movie Intro Theme Music from state-sponsored documentary in China to profit-oriented movie making within the American studio system.
This production cycle typically takes three years. The Movie Intro Theme Music first year is taken up with development. The second year comprises preproduction and production. The Movie Intro Theme Music third year, post-production and distribution.
Crew
Main Movie Intro Theme Music article: Film Movie Intro Theme Music crew
A film crew is a group of people hired by a Movie Intro Theme Music film Movie Intro Theme Music company, employed during the "production" or "photography" phase, for the purpose of producing Movie Intro Theme Music a film Movie Intro Theme Music or motion picture. Crew are distinguished from cast, the actors Movie Intro Theme Music who appear in front of the camera or provide voices for Movie Intro Theme Music characters in the film. The crew interacts with but Movie Intro Theme Music is also distinct from the production Movie Intro Theme Music staff, consisting Movie Intro Theme Music of producers, managers, company representatives, their assistants, and those whose primary responsibility falls in pre-production or post-production phases, such as writers and editors. Communication between production and crew generally passes through the director and his/her staff of assistants. Medium-to-large crews are generally divided into departments with well Movie Intro Theme Music defined hierarchies and standards for Movie Intro Theme Music interaction and cooperation between the Movie Intro Theme Music departments. Other than acting, Movie Intro Theme Music the crew handles everything in the photography phase: props and costumes, shooting, sound, electrics (i.e., lights), sets, and production Movie Intro Theme Music special effects. Caterers (known in the Movie Intro Theme Music film industry as "craft services") are usually not considered part of the crew.
Technology
Film stock consists of transparent celluloid, acetate, or polyester base coated with an emulsion containing light-sensitive chemicals. Cellulose Movie Intro Theme Music nitrate was the first type Movie Intro Theme Music of film base used to record motion pictures, Movie Intro Theme Music but due to its flammability was eventually replaced by safer Movie Intro Theme Music materials. Stock widths and the film format Movie Intro Theme Music for Movie Intro Theme Music images on the reel have had a rich history, though most large commercial films are still Movie Intro Theme Music shot on (and distributed to theaters) as 35 mm prints.
Originally moving picture Movie Intro Theme Music film was Movie Intro Theme Music shot and Movie Intro Theme Music projected at various speeds using hand-cranked cameras and projectors; though 1000 frames per minute (16? frame/s) is generally cited as a standard silent speed, research indicates most films were shot between 16 frame/s and Movie Intro Theme Music 23 frame/s and projected from 18 frame/s on up (often reels included instructions on how Movie Intro Theme Music fast each scene should be shown) [1]. When sound film Movie Intro Theme Music was introduced Movie Intro Theme Music in the late 1920s, a constant speed was required for the sound head. 24 frames per second was Movie Intro Theme Music chosen because it was the slowest Movie Intro Theme Music (and thus cheapest) speed which allowed for sufficient sound quality. Improvements since the late 19th Movie Intro Theme Music century include Movie Intro Theme Music the mechanization of cameras � allowing them to record at a consistent speed, quiet camera design � allowing sound recorded on-set to be usable without requiring large "blimps" to encase the camera, the invention of more sophisticated filmstocks and lenses, allowing directors to film in increasingly dim conditions, and Movie Intro Theme Music the development of synchronized sound, allowing sound to be recorded Movie Intro Theme Music at exactly the same speed as its corresponding action. The soundtrack can be recorded separately from shooting Movie Intro Theme Music the film, but for live-action pictures many parts of the Movie Intro Theme Music soundtrack are usually recorded simultaneously.
As a medium, Movie Intro Theme Music film is not limited to motion pictures, since the technology developed as the basis for photography. It Movie Intro Theme Music can be used to present a progressive sequence of still images in the form of a slideshow. Movie Intro Theme Music Film has also been incorporated into multimedia presentations, and often has importance as primary historical Movie Intro Theme Music documentation. Movie Intro Theme Music However, historic films Arachnid Movie have problems in Movie Intro Theme Music terms of preservation and storage, and the motion picture industry is exploring many alternatives. Most movies on cellulose Movie Intro Theme Music nitrate base have been copied onto modern safety films. Some studios save color films through the use of separation masters � three B&W negatives each exposed through red, green, or blue filters The Simpsons Movie On Dvd (essentially a reverse of the Technicolor process). Digital methods have Movie Intro Theme Music also Movie Intro Theme Music been used to restore films, although their continued obsolescence cycle makes them (as of Movie Intro Theme Music 2006) a Movie Intro Theme Music poor choice for long-term Movie Intro Theme Music preservation. Film preservation of decaying film stock is a matter of concern to both film historians and archivists, and to companies interested in preserving their existing products in order to make them available to future generations (and thereby increase revenue). Preservation is generally a higher-concern for nitrate and single-strip color films, due Movie Intro Theme Music to their high decay rates; black and white films on safety bases and color films preserved on Technicolor Movie Intro Theme Music imbibition prints tend to keep up much better, assuming proper handling and storage.
Some films Movie Intro Theme Music in recent decades have been recorded using analog video Movie Intro Theme Music technology similar to that Movie Intro Theme Music used in television production. Modern digital video cameras and digital projectors are gaining ground as Movie Intro Theme Music well. These approaches are extremely beneficial to moviemakers, especially because footage can be evaluated and edited without waiting Movie Intro Theme Music for the film stock to be processed. Yet the migration is gradual, and as of 2005 Movie Theaters In Nyc most major Movie Intro Theme Music motion pictures are still recorded on film.
Independent
Main article: Independent film
The Lumiere Brothers
Independent filmmaking often takes place outside of Hollywood, or other major studio systems. Movie Intro Theme Music An independent film (or indie film) is a film initially produced without financing Movie Intro Theme Music or distribution from a major Movie Intro Theme Music movie studio. Creative, business, and technological reasons have all contributed to the growth of the indie film scene in the late Movie Intro Theme Music 20th and early 21st century.
On the business side, the costs of big-budget studio films also leads to conservative choices in cast and crew. There is a trend in Hollywood towards co-financing Movie Intro Theme Music (over two-thirds of the films put out by Warner Bros. in Movie Intro Theme Music 2000 were joint ventures, up Movie Intro Theme Music from 10% in 1987).[2] A hopeful director is almost never given the opportunity to get a job on a big-budget studio film unless he or she has significant industry experience Movie Intro Theme Music in film or television. Also, the studios rarely produce films with unknown actors, particularly in lead roles.
Before the advent of digital alternatives, the Movie Intro Theme Music cost of professional film equipment and Hbo Movie Schedule stock was also a hurdle to Enemy Mine Movie being able Movie Intro Theme Music to produce, Movie Intro Theme Music direct, or star in Movie Intro Theme Music a traditional studio film. The Movie Intro Theme Music cost of 35 mm film is outpacing inflation: Movie Intro Theme Music in 2002 alone, film Movie Intro Theme Music negative costs Movie Intro Theme Music were up 23%, according to Variety.[2].
But the advent of consumer camcorders in 1985, and more importantly, Movie Intro Theme Music the arrival of high-resolution digital Movie Intro Theme Music video in the early 1990s, have lowered the technology barrier to movie production significantly. Both production and post-production Movie Intro Theme Music costs Movie Intro Theme Music have been significantly lowered; today, the hardware and software for post-production can be installed in a commodity-based personal computer. Technologies such as Movie Intro Theme Music DVDs, FireWire connections and non-linear editing system pro-level software like Adobe Premiere Pro, Sony Vegas and Apple's Final Cut Pro, and consumer level software such as Apple's Final Movie Intro Theme Music Cut Express and Movie Intro Theme Music iMovie make movie-making relatively inexpensive.
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Since the introduction of DV technology, the means of production have become Movie Intro Theme Music more democratized. Filmmakers can conceivably shoot and edit a movie, create and edit the sound and music, and mix the final cut on a home computer. Movie Intro Theme Music However, while the means of production may be democratized, financing, distribution, and marketing remain difficult to accomplish outside the traditional system. Most independent filmmakers rely on film festivals to get their films noticed and sold for distribution. The arrival Movie Intro Theme Music of internet-based video outlets such as YouTube and Veoh has further changed the film making landscape in Movie Intro Theme Music ways that are still to be determined.
Open content film
Main article: Open content film
An Movie Intro Theme Music open content film is much like an independent film, but it is produced Movie Intro Theme Music through open collaborations; its source material is available under a license which is permissive enough to allow other parties to create fan fiction or derivative works, than a traditional copyright. Like independent Movie Intro Theme Music filmmaking, open source filmmaking takes place outside of Hollywood, or other major studio systems.
Fan film
Main article: Fan film
A fan film is a film or video inspired by a film, Movie Intro Theme Music television program, comic book or a similar source, created by fans rather than by Movie Intro Theme Music the source's copyright Movie Intro Theme Music holders or creators. Fan filmmakers have traditionally been amateurs, but some of the more notable films have actually been produced by professional filmmakers Movie Intro Theme Music as film school Movie Intro Theme Music class projects or as Movie Theaters In Waterbury Ct demonstration reels. Fan films Movie Intro Theme Music vary Movie Intro Theme Music tremendously in length, from short faux-teaser trailers for non-existent motion Movie Intro Theme Music pictures to rarer full-length motion Movie Intro Theme Music pictures
Animation is the technique in which each frame of a film is produced individually, whether generated as Movie Intro Theme Music a computer graphic, or Movie Intro Theme Music by photographing a drawn image, or by repeatedly making small changes to a model unit (see claymation and stop motion), and then photographing the result with a special animation camera. When Movie Intro Theme Music the frames are strung together and the Movie Intro Theme Music resulting film is viewed at a speed of 16 or more frames Movie Intro Theme Music per second, there is an illusion of continuous movement (due to Movie Intro Theme Music the persistence Movie Intro Theme Music of vision). Generating such a film is very labour intensive and tedious, though the development of computer animation has greatly sped up the Movie Intro Theme Music process.
File Movie Intro Theme Music formats Movie Intro Theme Music like GIF, QuickTime, Shockwave and Flash allow animation to be viewed on a Movie Intro Theme Music computer or over the Internet.
Because animation is Movie Intro Theme Music very time-consuming and often very expensive to produce, the majority of Movie Intro Theme Music animation for TV and movies comes from professional animation Movie Intro Theme Music studios. However, the field of independent Movie Intro Theme Music animation has existed at least since the 1950s, with animation being produced Movie Intro Theme Music by independent studios (and sometimes by a single person). Several independent animation producers have gone on to Movie Intro Theme Music enter the professional animation industry.
Limited animation is a way of increasing production and decreasing costs of animation by using "short cuts" in the animation process. This method was pioneered by UPA and popularized by Hanna-Barbera, and adapted by Movie Intro Theme Music other studios as cartoons moved from movie theaters to television.[3]
Although most animation Movie Intro Theme Music studios are now using Movie Intro Theme Music digital technologies in their productions, there is a specific style of Movie Intro Theme Music animation Movie Intro Theme Music that depends on film. Cameraless animation, made Movie Intro Theme Music famous by moviemakers Movie Intro Theme Music like Norman McLaren, Len Lye and Stan Brakhage, is painted and drawn directly Movie Intro Theme Music onto pieces of film, and then run through Movie Intro Theme Music a projector.
Venues
When it is Movie Intro Theme Music initially produced, a feature film is often shown Movie Intro Theme Music to audiences Movie Intro Theme Music in a movie theater or cinema. Movie Intro Theme Music The first theater designed exclusively for cinema opened in Pittsburgh, Movie Intro Theme Music Pennsylvania in 1905.[4] Thousands of such theaters were built or converted from existing facilities within a few years.[5] In the United States, these theaters came to be known as nickelodeons, because admission Movie Intro Theme Music typically cost a nickel (five cents).
Typically, one film is the featured presentation (or feature Movie Intro Theme Music film). Before the 1970s, there were "double features"; typically, Movie Intro Theme Music a high quality "A picture" rented by an independent theater for a lump sum, and a "B picture" of lower quality rented for a percentage of the gross receipts. Movie Intro Theme Music Today, the bulk of the material shown before the feature film consists of previews for upcoming movies and paid advertisements (also known as trailers or "The Twenty").
Historically, all mass marketed feature films were made to be shown in movie theaters. The development Movie Intro Theme Music of television has allowed films to be Movie Intro Theme Music broadcast Movie Intro Theme Music to larger audiences, usually after the film is no longer being shown in theaters. Recording technology Carrollton Movie Theater has also enabled consumers to Movie Intro Theme Music rent or buy copies of films Movie Intro Theme Music on VHS Movie Intro Theme Music or Movie Intro Theme Music DVD (and the older formats of laserdisc, VCD and SelectaVision � see also videodisc), Movie Intro Theme Music and Internet downloads may be available and have started to become revenue Movie Intro Theme Music sources for the film companies. Some films are now made specifically for Movie Intro Theme Music these other venues, being released as made-for-TV movies or direct-to-video movies. Movie Intro Theme Music The production values on these films are often considered to be of inferior quality compared to theatrical releases in similar genres, Movie Intro Theme Music and indeed, some films that are rejected by their Movie Intro Theme Music own studios upon completion are distributed through these markets.
The movie theater pays an average of Movie Intro Theme Music about 50-55% of its ticket sales to the movie studio, Movie Intro Theme Music as film rental fees.[6] The actual percentage starts with a number higher than that, Movie Intro Theme Music and decreases as the duration of a film's showing continues, as an incentive to Movie Intro Theme Music theaters Movie Intro Theme Music to keep movies in the theater longer. However, Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga today's barrage of highly marketed movies ensures that most movies are shown in first-run Movie Intro Theme Music theaters for less than 8 weeks. There are a few movies every year that defy this rule, Movie Intro Theme Music often limited-release movies that start in only a few Movie Intro Theme Music theaters and actually grow Movie Intro Theme Music their theater count through good word-of-mouth and reviews. According to a 2000 study Movie Intro Theme Music by ABN Movie Intro Theme Music AMRO, about 26% of Hollywood movie studios' Movie Intro Theme Music worldwide income came from box Movie Intro Theme Music office ticket sales; 46% came from VHS and DVD sales to consumers; and Movie Intro Theme Music 28% came from television (broadcast, cable, and pay-per-view).[6]
Future state
While motion picture films have been around for more than a century, film is still a relative newcomer in the pantheon of fine arts. In the 1950s, Movie Intro Theme Music when television became widely available, industry analysts predicted the demise Movie Intro Theme Music of Movie Intro Theme Music local Movie Intro Theme Music movie theaters. Despite competition from television's increasing technological sophistication over Movie Intro Theme Music the 1960s and 1970s, such as the development Movie Intro Theme Music of color television and large screens, motion picture cinemas Movie Intro Theme Music continued. In the Movie Intro Theme Music 1980s, when the widespread availability of inexpensive Movie Intro Theme Music videocassette recorders enabled Movie Intro Theme Music people to select films for home viewing, Movie Intro Theme Music industry analysts again wrongly predicted the death of the local cinemas.
In the Movie Intro Theme Music 1990s and 2000s the development of digital DVD players, home theater amplification systems with surround sound and subwoofers, and large LCD Movie Intro Theme Music or plasma screens enabled people to Movie Intro Theme Music select Movie Intro Theme Music and view films at Movie Intro Theme Music home with greatly improved audio and visual reproduction. These new technologies Movie Intro Theme Music provided audio and visual that in the past only local cinemas had been able to provide: a large, clear widescreen presentation of a film with a full-range, high-quality multi-speaker sound system. Once again industry Movie Intro Theme Music analysts predicted the demise Movie Intro Theme Music of the Movie Intro Theme Music local cinema. Local cinemas will be changing in the 2000s and moving towards digital screens, a new approach which will allow for easier and quicker distribution of films (via satellite or hard disks), Movie Intro Theme Music a development which may give local theaters a reprieve from their predicted demise.
The cinema now faces Movie Intro Theme Music a new challenge from home video by the likes of a new DVD format Blu-ray, which can provide full HD 1080p video playback at near cinema quality. Video formats are gradually catching up with Movie Intro Theme Music the resolutions and quality that Movie Intro Theme Music film offers, 1080p in Blu-ray offers |
