Film is a term that encompasses individual motion pictures, the field of film as an art form, and the motion picture industry. Films are produced by recording images from the world with cameras, or by creating images using animation Reno Air Race Movie techniques Reno Air Race Movie or special effects.
Films are Reno Air Race Movie cultural artifacts Reno Air Race Movie created by specific cultures, which reflect those cultures, Reno Air Race Movie and, in turn, affect them. Film is considered to be an important art form, a source of popular entertainment and a powerful method for educating � or indoctrinating � Reno Air Race Movie citizens. The visual elements of cinema gives motion pictures a universal power of communication. Reno Air Race Movie Some films have become popular worldwide attractions by using dubbing or subtitles that translate the Reno Air Race Movie dialogue.
Traditional films are made up of a series of Reno Air Race Movie individual images called frames. When these images are shown rapidly in succession, a viewer has the illusion that motion is Reno Air Race Movie occurring. The viewer cannot see the Reno Air Race Movie flickering between frames due to an effect known as persistence Reno Air Race Movie of vision, whereby the eye retains Reno Air Race Movie a
The origin of Reno Air Race Movie the name "film" comes from the fact that photographic film (also called film stock) had Reno Air Race Movie historically been the primary medium for recording Reno Air Race Movie and displaying motion pictures. Many other terms exist for an individual motion picture, including picture, picture show, Reno Air Race Movie photo-play, flick, and most commonly, movie. Additional terms for the field in general include the big screen, the silver screen, the cinema, and Reno Air Race Movie the movies.In the 1860s, mechanisms for producing artificially created, two-dimensional images in motion were demonstrated with devices such as the zoetrope and the praxinoscope. These machines were outgrowths of simple optical devices (such as magic Reno Air Race Movie lanterns) and Reno Air Race Movie would display sequences of still pictures at sufficient speed for the images Reno Air Race Movie on the pictures to appear to Reno Air Race Movie be moving, a phenomenon called persistence of vision. Naturally, the images needed to be carefully designed to achieve the desired Reno Air Race Movie effect � and the underlying principle became the basis for the development of film animation.
A frame from Roundhay Garden Scene, the world's earliest film, by Louis Le Prince, 1888
With the development of celluloid film for still photography, it became possible to directly capture objects in motion in real time. Early Reno Air Race Movie versions of Reno Air Race Movie the technology sometimes required a person to look into a viewing machine to see the pictures which were separate paper prints attached to a drum turned by a handcrank. The pictures were shown at a variable speed Reno Air Race Movie of about 5 to 10 pictures per second depending on how rapidly the crank was turned. Some of these machines were coin operated. By the 1880s, Reno Air Race Movie the development of the motion picture camera allowed the individual component images to be captured and Reno Air Race Movie stored on a single reel, and Reno Air Race Movie led quickly to the development Reno Air Race Movie of a motion picture projector to shine light through the processed and printed film Reno Air Race Movie and magnify these "moving picture shows" onto a screen Reno Air Race Movie for an entire audience. These reels, so exhibited, came to be known as "motion pictures". Early motion pictures were static shots Reno Air Race Movie that showed an event or Reno Air Race Movie action with no editing or other cinematic techniques.
Ignoring Dickson's early sound experiments (1894), commercial motion pictures were purely visual art through the late 19th century, but these innovative silent films had gained a Reno Air Race Movie hold on the public Reno Air Race Movie imagination. Around the turn of the twentieth century, films began developing a narrative structure by stringing scenes together to Reno Air Race Movie tell narratives. The scenes were later broken up into multiple shots of varying sizes and angles. Other techniques such as Reno Air Race Movie camera Reno Air Race Movie movement were realized as effective ways to portray a story on film. Rather than leave the audience in silence, theater owners would hire Reno Air Race Movie a pianist Reno Air Race Movie or organist Reno Air Race Movie or a full Reno Air Race Movie orchestra to play music fitting the mood of the film at any given Reno Air Race Movie moment. By the early 1920s, most films came with a prepared list of sheet music for this purpose, with complete film Reno Air Race Movie scores being composed for major productions.
A shot from Georges Melies Le Voyage dans la Lune (A Trip to the Moon) (1902), an Reno Air Race Movie early narrative film.
The rise of European cinema was interrupted by the breakout of Reno Air Race Movie World War I while the film industry in United States flourished with the rise of Hollywood. However in the 1920s, European filmmakers such as Sergei Eisenstein, F. Reno Air Race Movie W. Murnau, and Fritz Lang, along with American innovator D. W. Griffith and the contributions of Charles Chaplin, Buster Keaton and others, continued to advance the medium. Reno Air Race Movie In the 1920s, new technology allowed filmmakers to attach to each film a soundtrack of speech, music and sound effects synchronized with the action on the screen. These sound films were initially distinguished by calling them "talking pictures", Reno Air Race Movie or Reno Air Race Movie talkies.
The next major step in the development of cinema was the introduction of so-called "natural" color. While the addition of sound quickly eclipsed silent film and theater musicians, color was adopted more gradually as Reno Air Race Movie methods evolved making it more practical and cost effective Reno Air Race Movie to produce "natural color" films. Reno Air Race Movie The public was relatively indifferent Reno Air Race Movie to color photography as Reno Air Race Movie opposed to black-and-white,[citation needed] but as Reno Air Race Movie color processes improved and became as affordable as black-and-white film, more and more movies were filmed in color Reno Air Race Movie after the end of Reno Air Race Movie World Reno Air Race Movie War II, Reno Air Race Movie as the industry in America came to view color as essential to attracting audiences in its competition with television, Reno Air Race Movie which remained a black-and-white medium until the mid-1960s. By Reno Air Race Movie the end of Reno Air Race Movie the 1960s, col
Since the decline of the studio system in the 1960s, the succeeding decades saw changes in Reno Air Race Movie the production and style of film. New Hollywood, French New Wave and the rise of film school Reno Air Race Movie educated Reno Air Race Movie independent filmmakers were all part of the changes the medium experienced in the latter half Reno Air Race Movie of the 20th century. Digital technology has been the driving force in change Reno Air Race Movie throughout the 1990s Reno Air Race Movie and into the 21st century.
Theory
Main article: Film theory
Film theory seeks to develop concise and systematic concepts that apply to the study of film as art. It was started by Ricciotto Reno Air Race Movie Canudo's The Reno Air Race Movie Birth of the Sixth Art. Reno Air Race Movie Formalist film theory, led by Rudolf Arnheim, Bela Balazs, and Siegfried Kracauer, emphasized how film differed from reality, and thus could be considered a valid fine art. Andre Bazin reacted against this theory by arguing that film's artistic essence lay in its Reno Air Race Movie ability Reno Air Race Movie to mechanically reproduce reality not Reno Air Race Movie in its differences from reality, and this gave rise to realist theory. More recent analysis spurred by Lacan's psychoanalysis and Ferdinand de Saussure's semiotics among other things has given rise to psychoanalytical film theory, structuralist film theory, Reno Air Race Movie feminist film theory and others.
Criticism
Main article: Film criticism
Film criticism is Reno Air Race Movie the analysis and evaluation of films. Reno Air Race Movie In general, these works can be divided into two categories: academic criticism by Reno Air Race Movie film Reno Air Race Movie scholars and journalistic film criticism that appears regularly in newspapers and other media.
Film critics working for newspapers, Reno Air Race Movie magazines, and broadcast media mainly review new releases. Normally they only see any given film once and have only a day Reno Air Race Movie or two to formulate opinions. Despite this, critics have an important impact on films, especially those of certain genres. Mass marketed action, horror, Reno Air Race Movie and comedy films tend not Reno Air Race Movie to be greatly affected by a critic's overall judgment of a film. The plot summary and description of a film that Reno Air Race Movie makes up the majority of any film review can still have an important impact on whether people Reno Air Race Movie decide to see Reno Air Race Movie a film. For prestige films such as most Reno Air Race Movie dramas, the influence Reno Air Race Movie of reviews is extremely important. Poor reviews will often doom a film to obscurity and financial Reno Air Race Movie loss.
The impact Reno Air Race Movie of a reviewer on a given film's box office performance is a matter of debate. Some claim that movie marketing is now so intense and well financed that reviewers cannot Reno Air Race Movie make an impact against it. However, the cataclysmic failure of some Reno Air Race Movie heavily-promoted movies which were harshly Reno Air Race Movie reviewed, as well as the Reno Air Race Movie unexpected success of critically praised independent movies indicates that extreme critical reactions can have considerable influence. Reno Air Race Movie Others note Reno Air Race Movie that positive film Reno Air Race Movie reviews have been shown to spark interest in little-known films. Conversely, there have been Reno Air Race Movie several films in which film companies have so little confidence that they refuse Reno Air Race Movie to give reviewers an advanced viewing to Reno Air Race Movie avoid widespread Reno Air Race Movie panning of the film. However, this usually backfires as reviewers are wise to the Reno Air Race Movie tactic and warn the public that Reno Air Race Movie the film may not be worth seeing and the films often do poorly as a result.
It is argued that journalist film critics should only be known as film reviewers, and true film critics are Reno Air Race Movie those Reno Air Race Movie who take a more academic approach to Reno Air Race Movie films. This line of work is more often known as film theory or film studies. These film critics attempt Reno Air Race Movie to come to understand how film and filming techniques Reno Air Race Movie work, and what effect Reno Air Race Movie they have on people. Rather Reno Air Race Movie than having their works published in newspapers or appear on television, their articles are published in scholarly journals, Reno Air Race Movie or sometimes in up-market magazines. They also Reno Air Race Movie tend to be affiliated with colleges or universities.
Industry
Main article: Film industry
The making Reno Air Race Movie and Reno Air Race Movie showing Reno Air Race Movie of Reno Air Race Movie motion pictures became a source of profit almost Reno Air Race Movie as soon as the process was invented. Upon seeing Reno Air Race Movie how successful their new invention, and its product, was Reno Air Race Movie in their native France, the Lumieres quickly set about touring the Continent to exhibit the first Reno Air Race Movie films privately to royalty and publicly to the masses. In each country, they would Reno Air Race Movie normally add new, local scenes to their catalogue and, quickly enough, found local entrepreneurs Reno Air Race Movie in the The Mist Full Movie Online various countries of Europe to buy their equipment and photograph, export, import and screen additional product commercially. The Oberammergau Passion Play Reno Air Race Movie of Reno Air Race Movie 1898[citation needed] was the first commercial motion picture ever produced. Reno Air Race Movie Other pictures soon followed, and motion pictures became a separate industry that overshadowed the vaudeville world. Dedicated theaters and companies formed specifically to produce and distribute films, while motion picture actors became major celebrities Reno Air Race Movie and commanded huge fees for their performances. Already by 1917, Charlie Chaplin had a contract Reno Air Race Movie that called Reno Air Race Movie for an annual salary of one million Reno Air Race Movie dollars.
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In the United States today, much of the film industry is centered Reno Air Race Movie around Hollywood. Other regional centers exist Reno Air Race Movie in many parts of the world, such as Mumbai-centered Bollywood, the Indian film industry's Hindi cinema which Reno Air Race Movie produces the largest number of films in Reno Air Race Movie the world.[1] Whether the ten thousand-plus Reno Air Race Movie feature length films a year produced by the Valley pornographic film industry should qualify for this title is the Reno Air Race Movie source Reno Air Race Movie of some debate.[citation needed] Though the expense involved Reno Air Race Movie in making movies has led cinema production to concentrate Reno Air Race Movie under the auspices of Reno Air Race Movie movie studios, recent advances in affordable film making equipment have allowed independent film productions to flourish.
Profit Reno Air Race Movie is Reno Air Race Movie a Reno Air Race Movie key Reno Air Race Movie force in the industry, Reno Air Race Movie due to the costly and risky Reno Air Race Movie nature of filmmaking; many films have large cost overruns, a Reno Air Race Movie notorious example being Kevin Costner's Waterworld. Yet many filmmakers strive to create works of lasting social significance. The Academy Awards Reno Air Race Movie (also known Reno Air Race Movie as "the Oscars") are the most prominent film awards in the United Reno Air Race Movie States, Reno Air Race Movie providing recognition each year to films, ostensibly based on their artistic merits.
There is Reno Air Race Movie also Reno Air Race Movie a large industry for educational and instructional films made in Reno Air Race Movie lieu of or in addition to lectures and Reno Air Race Movie texts.
Preview
A preview performance refers to a showing of a movie to a select audience, usually for the purposes of corporate promotions, before the public film premiere itself. Previews are sometimes used Reno Air Race Movie to judge audience reaction, which if unexpectedly negative, may result in recutting Reno Air Race Movie or even refilming certain sections. (cf Reno Air Race Movie Audience response.)
Trailer
Main Reno Air Race Movie article: Trailer (film)
Trailers or previews are film advertisements for films that will Reno Air Race Movie be exhibited in the future at a Reno Air Race Movie cinema, on whose screen they are shown. The term "trailer" comes from their having originally Reno Air Race Movie been shown at the end of Reno Air Race Movie a film programme. That practice did not last long, because patrons tended to leave the theater after the films ended, but the name has stuck. Trailers are now shown before the film (or the A movie Reno Air Race Movie in a double feature program) begins.
The nature of Reno Air Race Movie the film determines the Reno Air Race Movie size and Reno Air Race Movie type of crew required during filmmaking. Many Hollywood adventure films need computer generated imagery (CGI), created by dozens of 3D modellers, animators, rotoscopers and compositors. However, Reno Air Race Movie a low-budget, independent film may be made with a skeleton crew, often Reno Air Race Movie paid very Reno Air Race Movie little. Also, an open source film may be produced through open, collaborative processes. Filmmaking takes Reno Air Race Movie place all over the world using different technologies, styles of acting and genre, and is produced in a variety of economic contexts that range from state-sponsored documentary in China to profit-oriented movie making within the American Reno Air Race Movie studio system.
This production cycle typically takes three years. Reno Air Race Movie The first year is taken up P2p Movie Sharing with development. The second Reno Air Race Movie year comprises preproduction and production. The third year, post-production and distribution.
Crew
Main article: Film crew
A film crew is a group of Reno Air Race Movie people hired by a Reno Air Race Movie film Reno Air Race Movie company, employed during the "production" or "photography" phase, for the purpose of producing a Reno Air Race Movie film or motion picture. Crew are distinguished from cast, the actors who appear in front of the camera or provide voices for characters Reno Air Race Movie in Reno Air Race Movie the film. The crew interacts with but is also distinct from the Reno Air Race Movie production staff, consisting of producers, managers, company representatives, their assistants, and those whose primary responsibility falls in pre-production or post-production phases, such as Reno Air Race Movie writers and editors. Communication between production and crew generally passes through the director and his/her staff of assistants. Medium-to-large crews Reno Air Race Movie are Reno Air Race Movie generally divided into departments with well defined hierarchies and standards for Reno Air Race Movie interaction and cooperation between the departments. Other than acting, Reno Air Race Movie the crew Reno Air Race Movie handles everything in the photography phase: props and costumes, shooting, sound, electrics (i.e., lights), sets, and production special effects. Caterers (known in the film industry as "craft Reno Air Race Movie services") are usually not considered part Reno Air Race Movie of the crew.
Technology
Film Reno Air Race Movie stock consists of Reno Air Race Movie transparent celluloid, acetate, or polyester base coated with an emulsion containing light-sensitive chemicals. Cellulose nitrate was the first type of film Reno Air Race Movie base used to record motion pictures, but due to its flammability was eventually replaced by safer materials. Stock widths and the film format for images on the reel have had a rich history, though most large commercial films are still shot on (and distributed to theaters) as 35 mm prints.
Originally moving picture film was Reno Air Race Movie shot and projected at various speeds using Reno Air Race Movie hand-cranked cameras and projectors; though 1000 frames per minute (16? frame/s) is generally cited Movie Theaters In Buford Georgia as a Reno Air Race Movie standard silent speed, research Reno Air Race Movie indicates most films were shot between 16 frame/s and 23 frame/s and projected from 18 frame/s on up (often reels included instructions on Reno Air Race Movie how fast each scene should be shown) [1]. When sound film was introduced in the late 1920s, a constant speed was required for Reno Air Race Movie the sound head. 24 frames per second was chosen Reno Air Race Movie because it was the slowest (and thus Reno Air Race Movie cheapest) speed which allowed for sufficient sound quality. Improvements since the late 19th century include the mechanization of cameras � allowing them to record at Reno Air Race Movie a consistent speed, quiet camera design � allowing Reno Air Race Movie sound recorded on-set to be usable without requiring large "blimps" to encase the camera, the invention of more sophisticated filmstocks and lenses, allowing directors to Reno Air Race Movie film in increasingly dim conditions, and the development of synchronized sound, allowing sound to be recorded at exactly the same speed as its corresponding action. The soundtrack can be recorded separately from shooting the film, but for live-action pictures many parts of the soundtrack are usually recorded simultaneously.
As a medium, film is not limited to motion Reno Air Race Movie pictures, since the technology developed as the basis for photography. It can be used to Reno Air Race Movie present a progressive sequence of still images in the Reno Air Race Movie form of a slideshow. Film has also been incorporated into multimedia presentations, and often has importance as primary historical documentation. However, historic films have problems in terms of preservation and storage, and the motion picture industry is exploring many alternatives. Most movies Reno Air Race Movie on cellulose nitrate base have been copied onto modern safety films. Some studios save color films through the use of Reno Air Race Movie separation masters � three B&W negatives Reno Air Race Movie each exposed through red, green, or blue filters (essentially a reverse of Reno Air Race Movie the Technicolor process). Digital Reno Air Race Movie methods have also been used to restore films, although their continued Reno Air Race Movie obsolescence Reno Air Race Movie cycle makes them Reno Air Race Movie (as of 2006) a poor choice for long-term preservation. Film preservation of decaying film stock is a matter of concern to both film historians and archivists, and to companies interested in preserving Reno Air Race Movie their existing products in order to make them available to future generations (and thereby increase revenue). Preservation is generally a higher-concern for nitrate Reno Air Race Movie and single-strip color films, due to their high decay rates; black and white films on safety bases and color films Reno Air Race Movie preserved on Technicolor imbibition prints tend Reno Air Race Movie to keep up much better, assuming proper handling and storage.
Some films in Reno Air Race Movie recent decades have been recorded using analog video technology similar to that used in television production. Modern Reno Air Race Movie digital video cameras and digital projectors are gaining Reno Air Race Movie ground as well. These approaches are extremely beneficial Reno Air Race Movie to Reno Air Race Movie moviemakers, Reno Air Race Movie especially because footage can be evaluated and edited without waiting for the film stock to be processed. Yet the migration Reno Air Race Movie is gradual, and as Reno Air Race Movie of 2005 most major motion pictures are still recorded on film.
Independent
Main article: Independent film
The Lumiere Brothers
Independent filmmaking often takes place outside Reno Air Race Movie of Hollywood, Reno Air Race Movie or other major studio systems. An independent film (or indie film) is a film initially produced without financing or distribution from a major movie studio. Creative, business, and technological reasons have all contributed to the growth of the indie film scene in Reno Air Race Movie the late 20th and early 21st century.
On the business side, the costs of big-budget studio films also leads to conservative choices in cast and crew. There Reno Air Race Movie is a trend Reno Air Race Movie in Hollywood towards co-financing (over two-thirds of the films put out by Warner Bros. in 2000 were joint ventures, up from 10% in 1987).[2] Reno Air Race Movie A hopeful director is almost never given the Reno Air Race Movie opportunity to get a job on a big-budget studio film unless he or she has significant industry experience in film or television. Also, the studios rarely produce films with unknown actors, particularly in Reno Air Race Movie lead roles.
Before the advent of digital alternatives, the cost of professional film equipment and stock was also a hurdle to being able to produce, direct, or star in a traditional studio film. The Reno Air Race Movie cost of 35 mm film is outpacing inflation: in 2002 alone, film negative costs were up Reno Air Race Movie 23%, Reno Air Race Movie according to Variety.[2].
But the advent of consumer camcorders Reno Air Race Movie in 1985, and more importantly, Reno Air Race Movie the arrival of high-resolution digital video in the early 1990s, have lowered the technology barrier to movie production significantly. Both production and post-production costs have been significantly lowered; today, the hardware and software Reno Air Race Movie for Reno Air Race Movie post-production can be installed in a commodity-based personal computer. Technologies such as DVDs, FireWire connections and non-linear editing system pro-level software like Adobe Premiere Pro, Sony Vegas and Reno Air Race Movie Apple's Final Cut Pro, and consumer level software such as Apple's Reno Air Race Movie Final Cut Express and iMovie make movie-making relatively inexpensive.
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Since the introduction of DV technology, the means of production have become more democratized. Filmmakers can conceivably shoot and edit a movie, create and edit the sound and music, and mix Reno Air Race Movie the final Reno Air Race Movie cut on a Elf Movie Clip home computer. Reno Air Race Movie However, while the means of production may Reno Air Race Movie be democratized, financing, distribution, and marketing remain difficult to accomplish outside the traditional system. Most independent filmmakers rely on film festivals to get their films noticed Reno Air Race Movie and sold for distribution. The arrival of internet-based video outlets such Reno Air Race Movie as YouTube Reno Air Race Movie and Veoh Reno Air Race Movie has further changed the film Reno Air Race Movie making landscape in Reno Air Race Movie ways Reno Air Race Movie that are still to be determined.
Open Reno Air Race Movie content film
Main article: Open content film
An open content film is much like an independent film, but it is produced through open collaborations; its source material is available under a license Reno Air Race Movie which is permissive Reno Air Race Movie enough to allow other parties to create fan Reno Air Race Movie fiction or derivative works, than a traditional copyright. Like independent filmmaking, open source filmmaking takes place outside of Hollywood, or other major studio systems.
Fan film
Main article: Fan film
A fan film is a film or video inspired by a film, television program, comic book Reno Air Race Movie or a similar source, Reno Air Race Movie created by fans rather Reno Air Race Movie than by the source's copyright holders or creators. Fan filmmakers have traditionally been amateurs, but some of the more notable films have actually been produced by professional filmmakers Reno Air Race Movie as film school Reno Air Race Movie class projects Reno Air Race Movie or as demonstration reels. Fan films vary tremendously Reno Air Race Movie in length, from short faux-teaser trailers for non-existent motion pictures to rarer full-length motion pictures
Animation is the technique in which Reno Air Race Movie each frame of Reno Air Race Movie a film is produced individually, whether generated as a computer graphic, or by photographing a drawn image, Reno Air Race Movie or by repeatedly making small changes to a model unit Reno Air Race Movie (see claymation and stop motion), and then photographing the Reno Air Race Movie result with a special animation camera. When Reno Air Race Movie the frames are strung together and the resulting film is Reno Air Race Movie viewed at a speed of 16 or more frames per second, there is an illusion of Reno Air Race Movie continuous movement (due to Reno Air Race Movie the persistence Reno Air Race Movie of vision). Generating such a film is very labour intensive and tedious, though the development of computer Reno Air Race Movie animation has greatly sped up the process.
File formats like GIF, QuickTime, Shockwave and Flash allow animation to be viewed Reno Air Race Movie on a computer or over the Internet.
Because animation is very Reno Air Race Movie time-consuming and often very expensive to produce, the majority of animation for TV and movies comes from professional animation studios. However, the field of independent animation has existed Reno Air Race Movie at least since Reno Air Race Movie the 1950s, with animation being produced by independent studios (and sometimes Reno Air Race Movie by Reno Air Race Movie a single person). Several independent animation producers have gone on to enter the professional animation industry.
Limited animation is a way of increasing production and decreasing Reno Air Race Movie costs of animation by using "short cuts" in the animation process. This method was pioneered by UPA and popularized by Hanna-Barbera, and adapted by other studios as cartoons moved from movie theaters to television.[3]
Although most animation studios are now using digital technologies in their productions, there is a Reno Air Race Movie specific style of animation that depends Reno Air Race Movie on film. Cameraless animation, made famous by moviemakers like Norman McLaren, Len Lye and Stan Brakhage, is painted Reno Air Race Movie and drawn directly onto pieces of film, and then run through a Reno Air Race Movie projector.
Venues
When it is initially Reno Air Race Movie produced, a feature film is often shown to audiences in a movie theater or cinema. The first theater designed exclusively for cinema opened in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in 1905.[4] Thousands of such theaters were built or Reno Air Race Movie converted from existing facilities within a few Reno Air Race Movie years.[5] In the United States, these theaters came to be known as nickelodeons, Reno Air Race Movie because admission typically cost a nickel (five cents).
Typically, one film is the featured presentation (or feature film). Before the 1970s, there were "double features"; typically, a Reno Air Race Movie high quality "A picture" Reno Air Race Movie rented by an independent theater for Reno Air Race Movie a lump sum, and a "B picture" of lower quality rented for a percentage of the gross receipts. Today, the bulk of the material shown before the feature film consists of previews for upcoming movies and paid advertisements (also known as trailers or "The Twenty").
Historically, all mass marketed feature Reno Air Race Movie films Reno Air Race Movie were made to be shown in movie theaters. The development of television has allowed films to Disney Movie Rewards Club be broadcast to larger audiences, usually Reno Air Race Movie after the film is no longer Reno Air Race Movie being shown Reno Air Race Movie in Reno Air Race Movie theaters. Recording technology has also enabled consumers to rent or buy copies of films on VHS or DVD (and the older formats of laserdisc, VCD and SelectaVision � see also videodisc), and Internet downloads may be available and have started to become revenue Reno Air Race Movie sources for the film companies. Some films are now made specifically for these other venues, being released as made-for-TV Reno Air Race Movie movies or direct-to-video movies. The production values on these films Reno Air Race Movie are often considered to be of inferior quality compared to theatrical releases Reno Air Race Movie in similar genres, and indeed, some films that are rejected by their Reno Air Race Movie own studios upon completion are distributed through these markets.
The movie theater pays an average of about 50-55% of its ticket sales to the movie Reno Air Race Movie studio, as Reno Air Race Movie film rental fees.[6] Reno Air Race Movie The actual percentage starts with a number higher than that, and decreases Reno Air Race Movie as Reno Air Race Movie the duration of a film's showing continues, as an incentive to theaters to keep movies in the theater Reno Air Race Movie longer. However, today's barrage of highly marketed Reno Air Race Movie movies ensures that most movies are shown in first-run theaters for less than 8 weeks. There are a few movies every year that defy this rule, often limited-release movies that start in only a Reno Air Race Movie few theaters and actually grow their theater Reno Air Race Movie count through good word-of-mouth and reviews. According to a 2000 study by ABN AMRO, about 26% of Hollywood movie studios' worldwide income came Reno Air Race Movie from box office ticket sales; 46% came Reno Air Race Movie from VHS What Women Want Movie and DVD sales to consumers; Reno Air Race Movie and 28% Reno Air Race Movie came from television (broadcast, cable, and pay-per-view).[6]
Future state
While motion picture Reno Air Race Movie films have been around for more than a century, film is still a relative newcomer in the pantheon of fine Reno Air Race Movie arts. In the 1950s, Reno Air Race Movie when television became widely available, industry analysts predicted the demise of local movie theaters. Reno Air Race Movie Despite competition from television's increasing technological sophistication over the 1960s Reno Air Race Movie and 1970s, Reno Air Race Movie such Reno Air Race Movie as the development of color television and Reno Air Race Movie large screens, motion picture Reno Air Race Movie cinemas continued. In the 1980s, when the Reno Air Race Movie widespread availability of inexpensive videocassette recorders enabled people to select films for home Reno Air Race Movie viewing, industry analysts again wrongly predicted the death of the local cinemas.
In the 1990s and 2000s the development of digital DVD players, home theater amplification systems with Reno Air Race Movie surround sound and subwoofers, and large Reno Air Race Movie LCD or plasma screens enabled people to select and view films at home with Reno Air Race Movie greatly improved audio and visual reproduction. Reno Air Race Movie These new technologies provided audio and visual that in the past only local cinemas had been able to provide: a large, Reno Air Race Movie clear widescreen presentation of a film with a full-range, Reno Air Race Movie high-quality multi-speaker sound system. Once again industry analysts predicted the demise of the local cinema. Reno Air Race Movie Local cinemas Reno Air Race Movie will be changing in the 2000s and moving towards Reno Air Race Movie digital screens, a new approach which will allow for easier and Reno Air Race Movie quicker distribution Reno Air Race Movie of films (via satellite or hard disks), a development which may give local theaters a reprieve from their predicted demise.
The cinema now Reno Air Race Movie faces a new challenge from home video by the likes of a new DVD format Blu-ray, Reno Air Race Movie which can Reno Air Race Movie provide full HD 1080p video playback at near cinema quality. Video formats Reno Air Race Movie are gradually catching up with the resolutions and quality that Reno Air Race Movie film offers, 1080p in Blu-ray offers a pixel resolution of 1920?1080 a Reno Air Race Movie leap from the DVD offering of 720?480 and the paltry Reno Air Race Movie 330?480 offered by the first home video Reno Air Race Movie standard VHS. The maximum resolutions that film currently offers are 2485?2970 or Reno Air Race Movie 1420?3390, UHD, a future digital video format, will offer a massive Reno Air Race Movie resolution of The Burning Movie 7680?4320, surpassing all current Reno Air Race Movie film resolutions. The only viable competitor to these new Reno Air Race Movie innovations is Reno Air Race Movie IMAX which can play film content at an extreme 10000?7000 resolution.
Despite the Reno Air Race Movie rise of all new technologies, the development of the home video market Reno Air Race Movie and Reno Air Race Movie a surge of online piracy, 2007 was a record year in film that showed the highest ever box-office grosses. Many expected film to suffer as a result of the effects listed above but Reno Air Race Movie it Reno Air Race Movie has flourished, strengthening film studio Reno Air Race Movie expectations for the future. |
