Film is a term that encompasses individual motion pictures, the field of film as an art form, Enemy Mine Movie and the motion picture industry. Enemy Mine Movie Films are Enemy Mine Movie produced by recording images from the world with cameras, or by creating images using animation techniques or special effects.
Films Enemy Mine Movie are cultural artifacts created by specific cultures, which reflect Enemy Mine Movie those cultures, Enemy Mine Movie and, in turn, affect them. Film is considered to be an Enemy Mine Movie important Enemy Mine Movie art form, a source of popular entertainment Enemy Mine Movie and a powerful method for educating � or indoctrinating � citizens. The visual elements of cinema gives motion pictures a universal power of communication. Some films have become popular worldwide attractions by using dubbing or subtitles that translate the dialogue.
Traditional films Enemy Mine Movie are made up of a Enemy Mine Movie series of individual images called frames. When these images are shown rapidly in succession, a viewer has the illusion that motion is occurring. The viewer cannot see the flickering between frames due to an Enemy Mine Movie effect known as persistence of vision, whereby the eye retains a
The origin of the name "film" comes from the fact that photographic film (also called film stock) Enemy Mine Movie had historically been Enemy Mine Movie the primary medium for recording and displaying motion pictures. Many other terms exist for an individual motion picture, including picture, picture show, photo-play, flick, Enemy Mine Movie and most commonly, movie. Additional terms for the field in general include the big screen, Enemy Mine Movie the silver screen, the Enemy Mine Movie cinema, Enemy Mine Movie and the movies.In the Enemy Mine Movie 1860s, mechanisms for producing artificially created, two-dimensional images in motion were demonstrated with devices such as the zoetrope and the praxinoscope. These machines were outgrowths Enemy Mine Movie of simple optical devices (such as magic lanterns) and would display sequences of still pictures at sufficient speed for the images Enemy Mine Movie on the pictures to appear to be Enemy Mine Movie moving, a Enemy Mine Movie phenomenon called persistence of vision. Naturally, the images needed to be carefully designed to Enemy Mine Movie achieve the desired Enemy Mine Movie effect � and the Enemy Mine Movie underlying principle became the basis Enemy Mine Movie for the development of film animation.
A frame from Roundhay Enemy Mine Movie Garden Scene, the world's earliest film, by Enemy Mine Movie Louis Le Prince, Enemy Mine Movie 1888
With the development Enemy Mine Movie of celluloid film for still photography, it became possible to directly capture objects in motion in real time. Early versions of the technology sometimes required a person to look into a viewing machine to see the pictures Enemy Mine Movie which were separate paper prints attached to a drum turned by a handcrank. The pictures were shown at a Enemy Mine Movie variable speed of about 5 to 10 pictures per second depending on how rapidly the crank was turned. Some of Enemy Mine Movie these machines were coin operated. By the 1880s, the development of Enemy Mine Movie the motion picture camera allowed the individual component Enemy Mine Movie images to be captured and stored on a single reel, and led quickly to the development of a motion picture projector Enemy Mine Movie to Enemy Mine Movie shine light through the processed and printed film and magnify these "moving picture shows" onto a screen for an entire Enemy Mine Movie audience. These reels, so exhibited, Enemy Mine Movie came to be known as "motion pictures". Early motion pictures were static shots that showed an event or action Enemy Mine Movie with no editing or other cinematic techniques.
Ignoring Dickson's early sound experiments (1894), commercial motion pictures were purely visual art through the late 19th century, Enemy Mine Movie but these innovative silent films had gained a hold on the public imagination. Around the turn of the twentieth century, films began developing a narrative structure by stringing scenes together to Scanners Movie tell narratives. The scenes were later broken up into multiple shots of Enemy Mine Movie varying sizes and angles. Enemy Mine Movie Other techniques such as camera movement Enemy Mine Movie were realized as effective ways to portray a story on film. Rather than leave the audience in silence, theater owners would hire a Enemy Mine Movie pianist or organist or a full orchestra to play music fitting the mood of the film at any given moment. By Enemy Mine Movie the Enemy Mine Movie early 1920s, most films came with a prepared list of sheet music for this purpose, with complete film Enemy Mine Movie scores being composed for major productions.
A shot from Georges Melies Le Voyage dans la Lune (A Trip to the Moon) (1902), an early narrative film.
The rise of European cinema was interrupted by the breakout of World War I while the film industry in Enemy Mine Movie United States flourished with the rise of Hollywood. However in the 1920s, European filmmakers such as Enemy Mine Movie Sergei Eisenstein, F. W. Murnau, Enemy Mine Movie and Fritz Lang, along with American innovator D. W. Griffith and the contributions of Charles Chaplin, Buster Keaton and others, continued to advance the Enemy Mine Movie medium. In the 1920s, new Enemy Mine Movie technology allowed filmmakers to attach to each film a Enemy Mine Movie soundtrack of speech, music and sound effects synchronized with the action on the screen. These sound films Enemy Mine Movie were initially distinguished by calling Enemy Mine Movie them "talking pictures", or talkies.
The next major step in the development of cinema was the introduction of so-called "natural" color. While the addition of sound quickly eclipsed silent film and theater musicians, color Enemy Mine Movie was adopted Enemy Mine Movie more gradually as methods evolved making it Enemy Mine Movie more practical and cost effective to produce "natural color" films. The Enemy Mine Movie public was relatively indifferent to color photography as opposed to black-and-white,[citation needed] but as color processes improved and became as Enemy Mine Movie affordable as black-and-white film, more and more Enemy Mine Movie movies were filmed in color after the end of World War Enemy Mine Movie II, as the industry in America came to view color as essential to attracting audiences in its competition with television, which remained a black-and-white medium until the mid-1960s. By the end of the 1960s, col
Since the decline of the studio system in the 1960s, the succeeding decades saw changes in the production and style of film. New Hollywood, French Enemy Mine Movie New Wave and the rise of film school educated independent filmmakers were all part of the changes the medium experienced in the latter half of the 20th century. Digital technology has been the driving force in change throughout the 1990s and into the 21st century.
Theory
Main article: Film theory
Film theory seeks Enemy Mine Movie to develop concise and Enemy Mine Movie systematic concepts that apply to the study of film as Enemy Mine Movie art. It was started by Ricciotto Canudo's The Birth of the Sixth Enemy Mine Movie Art. Formalist film theory, led by Rudolf Enemy Mine Movie Arnheim, Bela Balazs, and Siegfried Kracauer, emphasized how film differed from reality, and Enemy Mine Movie thus could Enemy Mine Movie be considered a valid fine art. Andre Bazin reacted against this theory by arguing Enemy Mine Movie that film's artistic essence lay in its ability to Enemy Mine Movie mechanically reproduce reality not in its differences from reality, Enemy Mine Movie and this gave rise to realist theory. More recent analysis spurred by Lacan's psychoanalysis and Ferdinand de Saussure's semiotics among other things has given rise to Enemy Mine Movie psychoanalytical film theory, structuralist film theory, feminist film theory and others.
Criticism
Main article: Film criticism
Film criticism is the analysis and evaluation of films. In general, these works Enemy Mine Movie can be divided into two categories: academic criticism by film scholars and journalistic film criticism that appears regularly Enemy Mine Movie in newspapers and other media.
Film critics working for newspapers, magazines, and broadcast media mainly review new releases. Normally they only see any given film once and have only a day or two to formulate opinions. Despite this, critics have Enemy Mine Movie an important impact on films, especially Enemy Mine Movie those of certain genres. Mass marketed action, horror, and comedy films tend not to be greatly affected by a critic's overall judgment of Enemy Mine Movie a film. The plot summary and description of a film that makes up the majority Enemy Mine Movie of any film review can Enemy Mine Movie still have an important impact on whether people decide to see a film. For prestige films such as Enemy Mine Movie most dramas, the influence of reviews is extremely important. Poor reviews will often doom Enemy Mine Movie a Enemy Mine Movie film to obscurity and financial loss.
The impact of a reviewer on a given film's box office Enemy Mine Movie performance Enemy Mine Movie is a matter of debate. Some claim that movie marketing is Enemy Mine Movie now Enemy Mine Movie so intense Enemy Mine Movie and well financed that reviewers cannot make an impact against it. However, the cataclysmic failure of some heavily-promoted Enemy Mine Movie movies which were harshly Enemy Mine Movie reviewed, as well as the unexpected success of critically praised independent movies indicates that extreme critical reactions can Enemy Mine Movie have considerable Enemy Mine Movie influence. Others note that positive film reviews have been shown to spark interest in little-known films. Conversely, there have been several films in which film companies have so little confidence that they refuse to Enemy Mine Movie give reviewers an advanced Enemy Mine Movie viewing to avoid widespread panning of the film. However, this usually Enemy Mine Movie backfires Enemy Mine Movie as reviewers are Enemy Mine Movie wise to Enemy Mine Movie the tactic and warn Enemy Mine Movie the public that the Enemy Mine Movie film may not be worth seeing and the films often do poorly as a result.
It is argued that journalist film critics should only be known as film reviewers, and Enemy Mine Movie true film Enemy Mine Movie critics are Enemy Mine Movie those who take a more academic approach to films. This Enemy Mine Movie line of work is more often known as film theory or film studies. These Enemy Mine Movie film critics attempt Enemy Mine Movie to come to understand how film and filming techniques Enemy Mine Movie work, and what effect they have on people. Rather than having their Enemy Mine Movie works published in newspapers or Enemy Mine Movie appear on television, their articles are published Enemy Mine Movie in scholarly journals, or Arachnid Movie sometimes in up-market magazines. They also tend to be affiliated with colleges or universities.
Industry
Main article: Film industry
The making and showing of Enemy Mine Movie motion Enemy Mine Movie pictures became a Enemy Mine Movie source of Enemy Mine Movie profit almost as soon as the process Enemy Mine Movie was Enemy Mine Movie invented. Upon seeing how successful their new invention, and its product, was in Enemy Mine Movie their native Enemy Mine Movie France, the Lumieres quickly set about touring the Continent to exhibit Enemy Mine Movie the first films privately to royalty and publicly to the masses. In each country, they would normally add new, local scenes to their catalogue and, quickly enough, found local entrepreneurs in the various countries of Europe to buy their equipment and photograph, export, import and screen additional product commercially. The Enemy Mine Movie Oberammergau Passion Play of Enemy Mine Movie 1898[citation needed] was the first Enemy Mine Movie commercial motion picture ever Enemy Mine Movie produced. Other pictures soon followed, and motion pictures became a separate industry Enemy Mine Movie that overshadowed the vaudeville world. Dedicated theaters and companies formed specifically to produce and distribute films, while motion picture actors became major celebrities and Enemy Mine Movie commanded huge fees for their performances. Already by 1917, Charlie Chaplin had a contract that called for an annual salary of one million dollars.
In the United States today, much of the film industry is centered around Hollywood. Other regional centers exist in many parts of the world, such as Mumbai-centered Bollywood, Enemy Mine Movie the Indian film industry's Hindi cinema which produces the largest Enemy Mine Movie number of films in the world.[1] Whether the ten thousand-plus feature length films a year produced by the Valley pornographic film industry should qualify for this title is the source Enemy Mine Movie of some debate.[citation needed] Though the expense involved in making movies has led cinema production to concentrate under the auspices of Enemy Mine Movie movie studios, recent advances in affordable film Enemy Mine Movie making equipment have Enemy Mine Movie allowed independent film productions to flourish.
Profit is a key force in Enemy Mine Movie the industry, due to the costly and risky nature of filmmaking; many films have large cost overruns, a notorious example being Kevin Costner's Waterworld. Yet Enemy Mine Movie many filmmakers strive to create works of lasting social The Simpsons Movie On Dvd significance. The Academy Enemy Mine Movie Awards (also known as "the Enemy Mine Movie Oscars") Enemy Mine Movie are the Movie Theaters In Nyc most prominent film awards in the United States, providing recognition each year to films, ostensibly based on their artistic merits.
There is also a large industry for educational and instructional films made in lieu of or in addition to lectures and texts.
Preview
A Enemy Mine Movie preview performance refers to a showing of a movie to a select audience, usually for the purposes of corporate promotions, before the public Enemy Mine Movie film premiere itself. Previews are sometimes used to judge audience reaction, Enemy Mine Movie which if unexpectedly negative, may result in recutting or Enemy Mine Movie even refilming certain sections. Enemy Mine Movie (cf Audience response.)
Trailer
Main article: Trailer (film)
Trailers or previews are film advertisements Enemy Mine Movie for Enemy Mine Movie films that will be Enemy Mine Movie exhibited in the future at Enemy Mine Movie a Enemy Mine Movie cinema, on whose screen they are shown. The term "trailer" comes from their having originally Hbo Movie Schedule been shown at the end of a film programme. That practice did not last long, because patrons tended to leave the theater after the films ended, but the name has stuck. Trailers Enemy Mine Movie are now shown before the film (or the A movie in a double feature program) begins.
The nature Enemy Mine Movie of the film determines Enemy Mine Movie the size and type of crew required Enemy Mine Movie during filmmaking. Many Hollywood adventure films need computer generated imagery (CGI), created Enemy Mine Movie by dozens of 3D modellers, animators, rotoscopers and compositors. However, Enemy Mine Movie a low-budget, independent film may be made with a skeleton crew, often paid very little. Enemy Mine Movie Also, an open source film may be produced through open, collaborative processes. Filmmaking takes place all over the world using different technologies, styles of acting and genre, and is produced in a variety of economic Enemy Mine Movie contexts that range Enemy Mine Movie from state-sponsored documentary in China to profit-oriented movie making within the American studio system.
This production cycle typically takes three years. Enemy Mine Movie The first year is taken up with development. The second Enemy Mine Movie year comprises preproduction and production. The third year, post-production and distribution.
Crew
Main article: Film crew
A film crew is a group of people hired by a film company, employed during the "production" Enemy Mine Movie or "photography" phase, for the Enemy Mine Movie purpose of producing a film or motion Enemy Mine Movie picture. Crew are distinguished from Enemy Mine Movie cast, the actors who appear in front of the camera or Enemy Mine Movie provide voices Enemy Mine Movie for characters in the film. Enemy Mine Movie The crew interacts with but is also distinct from the production staff, consisting of Enemy Mine Movie producers, managers, company representatives, their assistants, and those whose primary responsibility falls in pre-production Enemy Mine Movie or post-production phases, such as writers and editors. Communication between production and crew generally Enemy Mine Movie passes through the Enemy Mine Movie director and his/her Enemy Mine Movie staff of assistants. Medium-to-large crews are generally divided into departments with well defined hierarchies and standards Enemy Mine Movie for interaction and cooperation between the Enemy Mine Movie departments. Other Enemy Mine Movie than Enemy Mine Movie acting, the crew handles everything in the photography phase: Enemy Mine Movie props and Enemy Mine Movie costumes, shooting, sound, electrics (i.e., lights), sets, and Enemy Mine Movie production special effects. Caterers (known in the film industry as "craft services") are Enemy Mine Movie usually not considered part of the crew.
Technology
Film stock consists of transparent celluloid, acetate, or polyester base coated with an emulsion Enemy Mine Movie containing light-sensitive chemicals. Cellulose nitrate Enemy Mine Movie was the first type of film base used to record motion pictures, but due to its flammability was eventually replaced by safer materials. Stock widths and the film format for images on the reel have had a rich history, though most large commercial films are still shot Enemy Mine Movie on Enemy Mine Movie (and distributed to theaters) as 35 mm prints.
Originally moving picture film Enemy Mine Movie was shot and projected at Enemy Mine Movie various speeds using hand-cranked cameras and projectors; though 1000 frames per minute (16? frame/s) is generally cited Enemy Mine Movie as a standard silent Enemy Mine Movie speed, research indicates most films were shot between 16 frame/s and 23 frame/s and projected from 18 frame/s Enemy Mine Movie on up Enemy Mine Movie (often reels included instructions on how fast each scene should be shown) [1]. When Enemy Mine Movie sound film was introduced in the late 1920s, a constant speed was Enemy Mine Movie required for Enemy Mine Movie the sound Enemy Mine Movie head. Enemy Mine Movie 24 Enemy Mine Movie frames per second was chosen because it was the slowest Enemy Mine Movie (and thus cheapest) speed which allowed Enemy Mine Movie for sufficient sound quality. Improvements since Enemy Mine Movie the late 19th Enemy Mine Movie century include Enemy Mine Movie the mechanization of cameras � allowing them to record Enemy Mine Movie at a consistent speed, quiet camera design � allowing sound recorded on-set to be usable without requiring large "blimps" to encase the camera, the invention of more sophisticated filmstocks and lenses, allowing directors to film in increasingly dim conditions, and the development of synchronized Enemy Mine Movie sound, allowing sound to be recorded at exactly the Enemy Mine Movie same speed as its corresponding Enemy Mine Movie action. Enemy Mine Movie The soundtrack can be recorded separately from shooting Enemy Mine Movie the film, but for live-action pictures many parts of the soundtrack are usually recorded simultaneously.
As a Enemy Mine Movie medium, film is not limited to motion pictures, Enemy Mine Movie since the technology developed as the basis for photography. It Enemy Mine Movie can be used to present a progressive sequence of still images in the form of a slideshow. Film has also been incorporated into multimedia presentations, and often has importance as primary historical documentation. However, historic films have Enemy Mine Movie problems in Enemy Mine Movie terms of Enemy Mine Movie preservation and storage, and the motion picture Enemy Mine Movie industry Enemy Mine Movie is exploring many alternatives. Most movies on Enemy Mine Movie cellulose nitrate base have been copied onto modern safety films. Some studios save color films through the use of Enemy Mine Movie separation masters Enemy Mine Movie � three B&W Enemy Mine Movie negatives each exposed through red, green, or blue filters Enemy Mine Movie (essentially a reverse of the Technicolor process). Digital Enemy Mine Movie methods Enemy Mine Movie have also been used to restore films, although their continued obsolescence cycle makes them (as of 2006) Enemy Mine Movie a poor Enemy Mine Movie choice for long-term Enemy Mine Movie preservation. Film preservation of decaying film Enemy Mine Movie stock is Enemy Mine Movie a Enemy Mine Movie matter of concern to both film historians Enemy Mine Movie and archivists, and to companies interested in preserving their existing products in order to make Enemy Mine Movie them available to future generations (and thereby increase revenue). Preservation is generally a higher-concern Enemy Mine Movie for nitrate and single-strip color films, due to their high Enemy Mine Movie decay rates; black and white films on safety bases and color films Enemy Mine Movie preserved on Technicolor imbibition prints tend to keep up much better, assuming proper handling and storage.
Some films in recent decades have been recorded using analog video technology similar to that used in television production. Modern digital video cameras and digital Enemy Mine Movie projectors are gaining ground as well. Enemy Mine Movie These approaches are extremely Enemy Mine Movie beneficial to moviemakers, especially because Enemy Mine Movie footage can Enemy Mine Movie be evaluated and edited without waiting for the film stock to Enemy Mine Movie be processed. Yet Enemy Mine Movie the migration Enemy Mine Movie is gradual, and as of 2005 most major motion pictures Enemy Mine Movie are still recorded Enemy Mine Movie on film.
Independent
Main article: Independent film
The Lumiere Brothers
Independent filmmaking often takes place outside of Hollywood, or other major studio systems. An independent film (or indie film) Enemy Mine Movie is a film initially produced without financing or distribution from a major movie studio. Creative, business, and Enemy Mine Movie technological reasons have all contributed to the growth of the indie Enemy Mine Movie film scene in the Enemy Mine Movie late 20th and early 21st century.
On the business side, the costs of big-budget Enemy Mine Movie studio films also leads to conservative choices in cast and crew. There is a trend in Enemy Mine Movie Hollywood towards co-financing (over two-thirds of the films put out by Warner Bros. in Enemy Mine Movie 2000 were joint ventures, up from 10% Enemy Mine Movie in 1987).[2] A Enemy Mine Movie hopeful director is almost never Enemy Mine Movie given the opportunity to get a job on a big-budget studio film unless he or she has significant industry experience in film or television. Also, the studios rarely produce films with unknown actors, particularly in lead roles.
Before the advent of digital alternatives, the cost of professional film equipment and stock was also a Enemy Mine Movie hurdle to being able to produce, direct, or star in a traditional studio Enemy Mine Movie film. The cost of Enemy Mine Movie 35 mm film is outpacing Enemy Mine Movie inflation: in 2002 alone, film negative costs were up 23%, according to Variety.[2].
But the advent of consumer camcorders in 1985, and more importantly, the arrival of high-resolution Enemy Mine Movie digital video Enemy Mine Movie in the early 1990s, have lowered the technology barrier to Enemy Mine Movie movie production significantly. Both production and post-production costs have been significantly lowered; today, the hardware and software Enemy Mine Movie for post-production can be installed in a commodity-based personal computer. Technologies such as DVDs, FireWire connections and non-linear editing system Enemy Mine Movie pro-level software like Adobe Premiere Pro, Sony Vegas and Apple's Final Cut Pro, and consumer level software such as Apple's Enemy Mine Movie Final Cut Enemy Mine Movie Express and iMovie make movie-making relatively inexpensive.
Since the introduction of DV technology, the means of production have become more democratized. Filmmakers can conceivably shoot Enemy Mine Movie and edit a movie, create and Enemy Mine Movie edit the sound and music, and mix the final cut on a home computer. However, while the means of production may be democratized, Enemy Mine Movie financing, distribution, and marketing remain difficult to accomplish Enemy Mine Movie outside the traditional system. Most independent filmmakers Enemy Mine Movie rely on film festivals to get their films noticed Enemy Mine Movie and Enemy Mine Movie sold for distribution. The arrival Enemy Mine Movie of internet-based video outlets such as YouTube and Veoh has further Enemy Mine Movie changed the film making landscape in ways that Enemy Mine Movie are still to be determined.
Open Enemy Mine Movie content Enemy Mine Movie film
Main article: Open content film
An open content film is much like an independent film, Enemy Mine Movie but it is produced through open collaborations; its source material is available Enemy Mine Movie under a license which is permissive enough to allow other parties to create fan fiction or derivative Enemy Mine Movie works, than a traditional copyright. Like independent filmmaking, open source filmmaking takes place outside of Hollywood, or other major studio systems.
Fan film
Main article: Fan film
A fan film Enemy Mine Movie is a film or video inspired by a film, Enemy Mine Movie television program, comic book or a similar source, created Enemy Mine Movie by fans rather than by the source's copyright holders or creators. Fan filmmakers have traditionally been amateurs, but Enemy Mine Movie some of the more notable films have actually been produced by professional filmmakers as film Enemy Mine Movie school Enemy Mine Movie class projects or as demonstration reels. Fan films vary tremendously in length, from short faux-teaser trailers for Enemy Mine Movie non-existent motion pictures to rarer full-length motion pictures
Animation is the technique in which each frame of a film is produced individually, whether generated as a computer graphic, or by photographing a drawn image, or by repeatedly making small changes to Enemy Mine Movie a model unit (see claymation and stop motion), and then photographing the result with a special animation camera. When the frames are strung together and Enemy Mine Movie the resulting film is viewed at a speed of 16 or more frames per second, there is an illusion of continuous movement (due to the persistence of Enemy Mine Movie vision). Generating such a film is very labour intensive and tedious, though the development of computer animation has greatly sped up the process.
File formats like GIF, QuickTime, Shockwave and Flash allow animation to be viewed on a computer or over the Internet.
Because animation Enemy Mine Movie is very Enemy Mine Movie time-consuming and often very expensive to produce, the majority of animation for TV and movies Enemy Mine Movie comes Enemy Mine Movie from professional animation studios. However, Enemy Mine Movie the field of independent animation has existed at least since the 1950s, with animation being produced Enemy Mine Movie by independent studios (and sometimes by a single person). Several independent animation producers have Enemy Mine Movie gone on to enter the professional animation industry.
Limited animation is a way of increasing production and decreasing costs of animation by using "short cuts" in the animation process. This method was pioneered by UPA and popularized by Hanna-Barbera, and Enemy Mine Movie adapted by other studios as cartoons moved from movie theaters to television.[3]
Although most animation studios are Enemy Mine Movie now using digital technologies in their productions, there is a specific style of animation that depends on film. Cameraless animation, made famous by moviemakers like Norman McLaren, Len Lye and Stan Brakhage, is painted and drawn directly onto Enemy Mine Movie pieces of Enemy Mine Movie film, and then run Enemy Mine Movie through a projector.
Venues
When it is initially produced, Enemy Mine Movie a feature film is often shown to audiences in a movie theater Enemy Mine Movie or cinema. The first Enemy Mine Movie theater designed exclusively for cinema opened in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in 1905.[4] Thousands of such theaters were built or converted from existing facilities within a few years.[5] In the United States, these theaters came to be known as nickelodeons, because admission typically cost a nickel (five cents).
Typically, one film is the featured presentation (or feature film). Before the 1970s, there were "double features"; typically, Enemy Mine Movie a high quality "A picture" rented by Enemy Mine Movie an independent theater for a Enemy Mine Movie lump Enemy Mine Movie sum, and a "B picture" of Enemy Mine Movie lower quality rented for a percentage of the gross receipts. Today, the bulk Enemy Mine Movie of the material shown before the feature film consists of Enemy Mine Movie previews for upcoming movies and paid advertisements (also known as trailers or "The Twenty").
Historically, all mass marketed feature films were made to be shown in movie theaters. The development of television has allowed films to be broadcast to larger audiences, usually after the film is no longer being shown in theaters. Recording technology has also enabled consumers to rent or buy copies of films on VHS or DVD (and the older formats of laserdisc, VCD and SelectaVision � see also videodisc), and Enemy Mine Movie Internet downloads Enemy Mine Movie may be Enemy Mine Movie available and have started to become revenue sources Enemy Mine Movie for the Enemy Mine Movie film companies. Some films are Enemy Mine Movie now made specifically for these other venues, being released Enemy Mine Movie as made-for-TV movies Enemy Mine Movie or direct-to-video movies. The production values on these films are often considered to be of inferior quality compared to theatrical releases in similar genres, and indeed, some films that are rejected by their own studios upon Enemy Mine Movie completion are distributed through Enemy Mine Movie these markets.
The movie theater pays Enemy Mine Movie an average of about 50-55% Enemy Mine Movie of its ticket sales to the movie studio, as film rental fees.[6] The actual percentage starts with a number higher than that, and decreases as the duration of a film's showing continues, as an incentive to theaters to keep movies in the theater longer. However, today's Enemy Mine Movie barrage of highly marketed movies ensures that most movies are shown in first-run theaters for less than 8 weeks. There are a few movies every year that defy this rule, often limited-release movies that start in only a few theaters and actually grow their theater count through good word-of-mouth and reviews. According to a 2000 study by ABN AMRO, about 26% of Hollywood movie Enemy Mine Movie studios' worldwide income Enemy Mine Movie came from Enemy Mine Movie box office ticket sales; 46% came from VHS Enemy Mine Movie and DVD Enemy Mine Movie sales to consumers; and Enemy Mine Movie 28% came from television (broadcast, cable, and pay-per-view).[6]
Future state
While motion picture films have been Enemy Mine Movie around for more Enemy Mine Movie than a century, film is still a relative newcomer in the Enemy Mine Movie pantheon of fine Enemy Mine Movie arts. In the 1950s, when television became widely available, industry analysts predicted the Enemy Mine Movie demise of local movie theaters. Despite competition from television's increasing technological sophistication over the 1960s and 1970s, such as the development of color television and large screens, motion picture cinemas continued. In the 1980s, when the widespread availability of inexpensive videocassette recorders enabled people to select films for home viewing, industry analysts again wrongly predicted the death of the local Enemy Mine Movie cinemas.
In the 1990s and 2000s the development Enemy Mine Movie of digital DVD players, home theater amplification systems with surround sound and subwoofers, and large LCD or plasma screens enabled people to select and view films at home with Enemy Mine Movie greatly improved audio and Enemy Mine Movie visual reproduction. These new Enemy Mine Movie technologies provided audio and visual that in Enemy Mine Movie the past Enemy Mine Movie only local Enemy Mine Movie cinemas had Enemy Mine Movie been able to provide: a large, clear widescreen presentation of a Enemy Mine Movie film with Enemy Mine Movie a full-range, high-quality multi-speaker sound system. Once again industry analysts predicted the demise of the local cinema. Local cinemas will be changing Enemy Mine Movie in the 2000s and moving towards digital screens, a new approach Enemy Mine Movie which will allow for easier and quicker distribution of films (via satellite or hard disks), a development which may give local theaters a reprieve from their predicted demise.
The cinema now faces a new challenge Enemy Mine Movie from home video by the likes of a new DVD format Blu-ray, which can provide full HD 1080p video playback at near cinema quality. Video formats are gradually catching Enemy Mine Movie up with the Enemy Mine Movie resolutions and quality that film offers, 1080p in Blu-ray offers Enemy Mine Movie a pixel resolution of 1920?1080 a leap Enemy Mine Movie from the DVD offering of 720?480 and the paltry 330?480 offered by the first home video standard VHS. The maximum resolutions that film Enemy Mine Movie currently offers are 2485?2970 or 1420?3390, UHD, a future digital video format, will offer Enemy Mine Movie a massive resolution of 7680?4320, surpassing all current film resolutions. The only viable competitor to these new innovations is IMAX which can play film content at an extreme 10000?7000 resolution.
Despite the rise of all new technologies, the development of the home Enemy Mine Movie video market and a surge of online piracy, 2007 was a Enemy Mine Movie record year in film Enemy Mine Movie that showed Enemy Mine Movie the highest ever box-office grosses. Many expected film to suffer as a result of the effects listed above but it has Enemy Mine Movie flourished, strengthening film studio expectations for the future. |
