Film is a term Initial D The Movie that encompasses individual motion pictures, the field of film as an art form, and Initial D The Movie the motion picture industry. Films are produced by recording Initial D The Movie images from the world Initial D The Movie with cameras, or by creating images using animation techniques or Initial D The Movie special effects.
Films are Initial D The Movie cultural artifacts created by specific cultures, which reflect those cultures, and, in turn, affect them. Film is considered to be an important art form, a source of popular entertainment and a powerful method for educating � or indoctrinating � citizens. The visual elements of cinema gives motion pictures a universal power of communication. Some films have become popular worldwide attractions by Initial D The Movie using dubbing Initial D The Movie or subtitles that translate the dialogue.
Traditional films are made up of Initial D The Movie Weekly Dvd Movie Releases a series of individual images called frames. When these images are shown rapidly in succession, a viewer has the illusion that motion is occurring. The viewer cannot see the flickering between frames due to an effect known as persistence of vision, whereby the eye retains a
The origin of the name "film" comes from the fact Initial D The Movie that photographic film (also called film stock) had historically been the primary medium for Initial D The Movie recording and displaying motion pictures. Many other terms exist Initial D The Movie for an individual motion picture, including picture, picture show, photo-play, flick, and most commonly, movie. Initial D The Movie Additional terms for the field in general Initial D The Movie include the Initial D The Movie big screen, the silver Initial D The Movie screen, the cinema, and the movies.In the 1860s, mechanisms for producing artificially created, two-dimensional images Initial D The Movie in motion were demonstrated with devices such as the zoetrope and the praxinoscope. These machines were outgrowths of simple optical devices (such as magic lanterns) and would display sequences of still pictures at sufficient speed for Initial D The Movie the images on the pictures to appear to be moving, a phenomenon called persistence of vision. Naturally, the images needed to be carefully designed to achieve the desired effect � and the underlying principle became the basis for the development of Initial D The Movie film animation.
A frame from Roundhay Garden Scene, the world's earliest film, by Louis Initial D The Movie Le Prince, 1888
With the development of celluloid film for still photography, it Initial D The Movie became possible to directly capture objects in motion in real Initial D The Movie time. Early versions of Initial D The Movie the technology sometimes required a person to look into a viewing machine to see the Initial D The Movie pictures which were separate paper prints attached to a drum turned by a handcrank. The pictures were shown at a variable speed of Initial D The Movie about 5 to 10 pictures per second depending on how rapidly the crank was turned. Some of these machines were coin operated. By Initial D The Movie the 1880s, Initial D The Movie the development of the motion Initial D The Movie picture camera allowed the individual component images to be captured and stored Initial D The Movie on a single reel, and led quickly to Initial D The Movie the development of a motion picture projector Initial D The Movie to shine light through the processed and printed film and magnify these "moving picture shows" onto a screen for an entire audience. These Initial D The Movie reels, so exhibited, came to be known as "motion pictures". Early motion Initial D The Movie pictures were static shots that showed an event or action with Initial D The Movie no editing or other cinematic techniques.
Ignoring Dickson's early Initial D The Movie sound experiments (1894), commercial motion pictures were purely visual art Initial D The Movie through the late 19th century, but these innovative silent films had gained a hold Initial D The Movie on the public imagination. Around the turn of the twentieth century, films began developing a narrative structure by stringing scenes together to tell narratives. The scenes were later broken up into multiple shots of varying sizes Initial D The Movie and angles. Other techniques such Initial D The Movie as camera movement were realized as effective ways to portray a story on film. Rather than leave the audience in silence, theater owners would hire a pianist or organist or a full orchestra to play music Initial D The Movie fitting the mood of the film at any given moment. By the early 1920s, most films came with a prepared list of sheet music Initial D The Movie for this Initial D The Movie purpose, with Initial D The Movie complete film scores Initial D The Movie being composed for major productions.
A shot from Georges Melies Le Voyage dans Initial D The Movie la Lune (A Trip to the Initial D The Movie Moon) (1902), an early narrative film.
The rise of European cinema was interrupted by the breakout Initial D The Movie of World War Initial D The Movie I while the film industry in United States flourished with the rise of Hollywood. Initial D The Movie However in the 1920s, European filmmakers such as Sergei Initial D The Movie Eisenstein, F. W. Murnau, and Fritz Lang, along with Initial D The Movie American innovator D. W. Griffith and the contributions of Charles Chaplin, Buster Keaton and others, continued to advance the medium. In Initial D The Movie the 1920s, new technology allowed filmmakers to attach to each film a soundtrack Initial D The Movie of speech, music and sound effects synchronized with the action on Initial D The Movie the screen. These sound films were initially distinguished by calling them "talking pictures", or talkies.
The next major step in the development of cinema was the introduction of so-called "natural" color. While Initial D The Movie the addition of sound quickly eclipsed silent film and theater musicians, color was adopted more gradually as Initial D The Movie methods evolved making it more practical and cost effective to produce "natural color" films. The public was relatively indifferent to color photography as opposed to black-and-white,[citation needed] but as color processes improved and became as affordable as black-and-white film, more and more movies were filmed in color after the end of World War II, as the industry in America came to view color as essential to attracting audiences in its competition Initial D The Movie with television, which remained a black-and-white medium until the mid-1960s. By the end of Initial D The Movie the 1960s, col
Since the decline of Initial D The Movie the Initial D The Movie studio system in the 1960s, Initial D The Movie the Initial D The Movie succeeding Initial D The Movie decades saw changes Initial D The Movie in the production and style of film. New Hollywood, French New Wave and the rise of Initial D The Movie film school educated independent filmmakers were all part of the changes the medium Initial D The Movie experienced in the Initial D The Movie latter half of the 20th Initial D The Movie century. Digital technology has been the driving force in change throughout Initial D The Movie the 1990s and into the 21st century.
Theory
Main article: Film theory
Film theory seeks to develop concise and systematic concepts that Initial D The Movie apply to the study of film as Initial D The Movie art. It was started by Ricciotto Canudo's The Initial D The Movie Birth of the Sixth Art. Formalist film theory, led Initial D The Movie by Rudolf Arnheim, Bela Balazs, and Siegfried Kracauer, emphasized how film differed from reality, and thus could be considered a valid Initial D The Movie fine art. Andre Bazin reacted against this theory by arguing that film's artistic essence lay Initial D The Movie in its ability to mechanically reproduce reality not in its Initial D The Movie differences from reality, and Initial D The Movie this gave rise to realist theory. Initial D The Movie More recent analysis spurred by Lacan's psychoanalysis and Ferdinand de Saussure's semiotics among other things has given rise to psychoanalytical film theory, structuralist film theory, feminist film theory and others.
Criticism
Main article: Film criticism
Film criticism is the Initial D The Movie analysis and Initial D The Movie evaluation of films. In general, these works can be divided into two Initial D The Movie categories: academic criticism by film scholars and journalistic Initial D The Movie film criticism that appears regularly in newspapers and other media.
Film critics working for newspapers, magazines, and broadcast media mainly review new releases. Normally they only see any given film once and have only a day Initial D The Movie or two to formulate opinions. Despite this, critics have an important impact on films, especially those of certain genres. Mass marketed action, horror, and comedy films tend not Initial D The Movie to be greatly Initial D The Movie affected by Initial D The Movie a critic's overall judgment of a film. The plot summary and description of a film that makes up the majority of any film review can still have an important impact on whether people decide to see a film. Initial D The Movie For prestige films such as most dramas, the influence of Initial D The Movie reviews is extremely important. Poor reviews Initial D The Movie will often doom a film to obscurity and financial loss.
The impact of Initial D The Movie a reviewer on Initial D The Movie a given film's box Initial D The Movie office performance is a matter of debate. Some claim that movie marketing is now so intense and Initial D The Movie well financed Initial D The Movie Movie Theater Laurie Mo that reviewers cannot make an impact against it. However, the cataclysmic failure of some heavily-promoted Initial D The Movie movies which were harshly reviewed, as well as the unexpected success Initial D The Movie of critically praised independent movies indicates Initial D The Movie that extreme critical reactions Initial D The Movie can have considerable influence. Others note that positive film reviews have been shown to spark interest Initial D The Movie in little-known films. Conversely, there have been Initial D The Movie several films in which film companies have Initial D The Movie so little confidence that they refuse to give reviewers an advanced viewing to avoid widespread panning of the film. However, this usually backfires as reviewers are wise to the tactic and warn the Initial D The Movie public that the film may not be worth seeing Initial D The Movie and the films often do poorly as a result.
It Initial D The Movie is argued that journalist film critics should only be known as film reviewers, and true film critics are those Initial D The Movie who take a more academic approach to films. This line of work is more often known as film theory Initial D The Movie or film studies. These film critics attempt to come to understand Initial D The Movie how film and filming techniques work, and what effect Initial D The Movie they have on people. Rather than having their works published in newspapers Initial D The Movie or appear on television, their articles are published in scholarly journals, or sometimes in Initial D The Movie up-market magazines. They Initial D The Movie also tend to be Initial D The Movie affiliated with colleges or universities.
Industry
Main article: Film industry
The making and showing of motion pictures became a source of profit almost as soon as the process was invented. Upon Initial D The Movie seeing how successful Initial D The Movie their new invention, and its product, was in their native France, Initial D The Movie the Lumieres quickly set about touring the Continent to exhibit the first films privately to royalty and Initial D The Movie publicly to the masses. In each country, Initial D The Movie they would normally add new, local scenes to their catalogue and, quickly enough, found local entrepreneurs in the various Initial D The Movie countries of Europe to buy their equipment and photograph, Initial D The Movie export, import and screen Initial D The Movie additional product commercially. The Oberammergau Passion Play of 1898[citation needed] was the first commercial motion picture ever produced. Other pictures soon Initial D The Movie followed, and motion pictures became Initial D The Movie a Initial D The Movie separate industry that overshadowed the vaudeville world. Dedicated theaters and companies formed specifically to produce and distribute films, while motion picture actors became Initial D The Movie major celebrities and commanded huge fees for their performances. Already by 1917, Charlie Chaplin had a Initial D The Movie contract that called for an annual salary of one million dollars.
In the United States today, much of the film industry is centered around Hollywood. Other regional Initial D The Movie centers exist in many parts of the world, such as Mumbai-centered Bollywood, the Pathfinder Movie Indian film industry's Hindi cinema which produces the largest Initial D The Movie number of films in the world.[1] Whether the ten thousand-plus feature length films a year produced by the Valley pornographic Initial D The Movie film industry should qualify for this Initial D The Movie title is Initial D The Movie the source of some debate.[citation needed] Though the expense involved in making Initial D The Movie movies has led cinema Rocky Balboa The Movie production to concentrate under the auspices of movie studios, recent advances in affordable film making equipment have allowed independent film productions to Initial D The Movie flourish.
Profit is a key force in Initial D The Movie the industry, Initial D The Movie due to the costly and risky nature of filmmaking; many films Initial D The Movie have large cost overruns, a notorious example being Kevin Costner's Waterworld. Initial D The Movie Yet many filmmakers strive to Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie create works of lasting social significance. The Academy Awards (also Initial D The Movie known Initial D The Movie as "the Oscars") are the most Initial D The Movie prominent film awards in the United States, providing recognition each year Initial D The Movie to films, ostensibly based on their artistic merits.
There is also a large industry for educational and instructional films made in lieu Initial D The Movie of or in addition to Initial D The Movie lectures and texts.
Preview
A preview performance refers to a showing of a movie to a select audience, usually for the purposes of corporate promotions, before the public film premiere itself. Previews are sometimes used to judge audience reaction, which Initial D The Movie if unexpectedly negative, may result in Initial D The Movie recutting or even refilming Initial D The Movie certain sections. (cf Audience response.)
Trailer
Main article: Trailer (film)
Trailers or previews are film advertisements for films that will be Initial D The Movie exhibited in the future at a cinema, on whose screen they are shown. The term "trailer" comes from their having originally been shown Initial D The Movie at Initial D The Movie the Initial D The Movie end Initial D The Movie of a Initial D The Movie film programme. That Initial D The Movie practice did not last long, because patrons tended to leave the theater after the films ended, but the name has stuck. Trailers are Initial D The Movie now shown before Initial D The Movie the film (or the A movie in a double feature program) begins.
The nature of the film determines the size and type of crew Initial D The Movie required during filmmaking. Many Hollywood adventure films need computer generated Initial D The Movie imagery (CGI), created by dozens of 3D modellers, Initial D The Movie animators, rotoscopers and compositors. However, Initial D The Movie a low-budget, independent film may be made with a skeleton crew, often paid very little. Also, an open source film may be produced through open, collaborative processes. Filmmaking takes place all over the world using different technologies, Initial D The Movie styles of acting and genre, and is produced in a variety of economic contexts that Initial D The Movie range from state-sponsored documentary in China to profit-oriented Initial D The Movie movie making within the Initial D The Movie American studio system.
This production cycle typically takes three years. The first year is taken up with development. The second year comprises preproduction and production. The Initial D The Movie third Initial D The Movie year, post-production and distribution.
Crew
Main article: Film crew
A Initial D The Movie film crew is a Initial D The Movie group of people hired Initial D The Movie by a film company, employed during the "production" Initial D The Movie or "photography" phase, for the purpose of producing a film or motion picture. Crew are distinguished from cast, the actors Initial D The Movie who appear in Initial D The Movie front of Initial D The Movie the camera or provide voices for characters in the film. The crew interacts with but is also distinct Initial D The Movie from the production staff, consisting of producers, managers, company representatives, their assistants, and those whose primary responsibility falls in Initial D The Movie pre-production or post-production phases, such Initial D The Movie as writers and editors. Communication between production and Initial D The Movie crew generally passes through the director and his/her staff of assistants. Medium-to-large crews are generally divided into departments with well defined hierarchies and standards for interaction and cooperation between the departments. Other Initial D The Movie than acting, the crew handles everything in the photography phase: props and costumes, shooting, sound, electrics (i.e., lights), Initial D The Movie sets, and production special effects. Caterers (known in Initial D The Movie the film industry as "craft services") Initial D The Movie are usually not considered part of Movie Times Sacramento the crew.
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Technology
Film stock consists of transparent celluloid, acetate, or polyester Initial D The Movie base coated with an Initial D The Movie emulsion containing light-sensitive chemicals. Cellulose nitrate was the first type of film base used to record motion pictures, but due Initial D The Movie to its flammability was eventually replaced by Initial D The Movie safer materials. Stock Initial D The Movie widths and Initial D The Movie the film format for images on the reel have Initial D The Movie had a rich history, though most large Initial D The Movie commercial films are still shot on (and distributed to theaters) as 35 mm prints.
Originally moving picture film was shot and projected at various speeds using hand-cranked cameras and projectors; though 1000 frames per minute (16? frame/s) is generally Initial D The Movie cited as a standard silent speed, research indicates most films were shot between 16 Initial D The Movie frame/s and 23 frame/s and projected from 18 frame/s on Movie Independence Day up (often reels Initial D The Movie included instructions on how fast each scene should be shown) [1]. When sound film was introduced Initial D The Movie in the late 1920s, a constant speed was required for the sound head. 24 Initial D The Movie frames per second Initial D The Movie was chosen because it Initial D The Movie was the slowest (and thus cheapest) speed which allowed for sufficient sound quality. Improvements since the late 19th century include the mechanization of cameras � allowing them Initial D The Movie to record at a consistent speed, quiet camera design � allowing sound recorded on-set to be usable Initial D The Movie without requiring large "blimps" to encase the camera, the invention Initial D The Movie of more Initial D The Movie sophisticated filmstocks and lenses, allowing directors to film in increasingly dim conditions, and the development of synchronized sound, allowing sound to be recorded at exactly the same speed as its corresponding action. The soundtrack can be recorded separately from shooting the Initial D The Movie film, but for live-action pictures many parts of the soundtrack Initial D The Movie are usually recorded simultaneously.
As a medium, film is not limited to motion pictures, since the technology Initial D The Movie developed as the basis for photography. It can be used to present Initial D The Movie a progressive sequence Initial D The Movie of Initial D The Movie still images in the form of a slideshow. Film has Initial D The Movie also been incorporated into multimedia presentations, Initial D The Movie and often has importance as primary Initial D The Movie historical documentation. However, historic films have problems in terms of preservation and storage, Initial D The Movie and the motion picture industry is exploring many alternatives. Most movies on cellulose nitrate base have been copied onto modern safety films. Some Initial D The Movie studios save color films through the use of Initial D The Movie separation Initial D The Movie masters � three B&W negatives each Initial D The Movie exposed through red, green, or blue filters Initial D The Movie (essentially a reverse of the Technicolor process). Digital methods have also been used Anupama Movie Songs to restore films, although their continued obsolescence Initial D The Movie cycle makes them (as of 2006) a poor choice for long-term preservation. Initial D The Movie Film Initial D The Movie preservation of decaying film stock is a matter of concern to both film historians and Initial D The Movie archivists, and to companies interested in preserving their existing products Initial D The Movie in order Initial D The Movie to make them available to future Initial D The Movie generations (and Initial D The Movie thereby increase revenue). Preservation is generally a higher-concern Initial D The Movie for Initial D The Movie nitrate and single-strip color films, due Initial D The Movie to their high decay rates; black and white films on safety Initial D The Movie bases and color films preserved on Technicolor imbibition prints Initial D The Movie tend to Initial D The Movie keep up much better, assuming proper handling Coldwater Mi Movie Theater and storage.
Some films in recent Initial D The Movie decades have been recorded using analog video technology similar to that used in television production. Modern digital video cameras and Initial D The Movie digital projectors are gaining Initial D The Movie ground as well. These approaches are Initial D The Movie extremely beneficial to moviemakers, especially because footage can be evaluated and edited without waiting for the film stock to be processed. Yet the migration is gradual, and as of 2005 most major motion pictures are still recorded on film.
Independent
Main article: Initial D The Movie Independent film
The Lumiere Brothers
Independent filmmaking often takes place Initial D The Movie outside of Hollywood, or other major studio systems. An independent film Initial D The Movie (or Initial D The Movie indie film) is Initial D The Movie a film initially produced without financing or Initial D The Movie distribution from a major movie studio. Creative, business, and Initial D The Movie technological reasons Initial D The Movie have all contributed to the growth of the indie film scene Initial D The Movie in the late 20th and Initial D The Movie early 21st century.
On the business side, the costs Initial D The Movie of big-budget studio films also leads to conservative choices in cast and crew. There is a trend in Hollywood towards co-financing (over two-thirds of the films put out by Warner Bros. in Initial D The Movie 2000 were joint ventures, up from 10% in 1987).[2] A hopeful director is almost never given the opportunity to get a job on a Initial D The Movie big-budget studio film unless he Initial D The Movie or she has significant industry experience in film or television. Also, the studios rarely produce films with unknown actors, particularly in lead roles.
Before the advent of digital alternatives, the cost of professional film equipment Initial D The Movie and stock was also a hurdle to being able to produce, direct, or star in a traditional studio film. Initial D The Movie The Initial D The Movie cost of 35 mm film is outpacing inflation: in 2002 alone, film negative costs were up 23%, according to Variety.[2].
But the Initial D The Movie advent Initial D The Movie of consumer camcorders in 1985, and more Initial D The Movie importantly, the Initial D The Movie arrival of high-resolution digital video in the early 1990s, have lowered the technology barrier to movie production significantly. Initial D The Movie Both production and Initial D The Movie post-production costs have been Initial D The Movie significantly lowered; today, the hardware and Initial D The Movie software for Initial D The Movie post-production can be installed in a commodity-based personal computer. Technologies such as DVDs, FireWire connections and non-linear editing system pro-level software like Adobe Premiere Pro, Sony Vegas and Apple's Final Cut Pro, and consumer level software Initial D The Movie such as Apple's Final Cut Express and iMovie make movie-making relatively inexpensive.
Since the introduction Initial D The Movie of Initial D The Movie DV technology, the means of production have become more democratized. Filmmakers can conceivably shoot and edit a movie, create and edit the sound Initial D The Movie and music, and mix the final cut on a home computer. Initial D The Movie However, while the means of production may be democratized, financing, distribution, and marketing remain difficult to accomplish outside the traditional system. Most Initial D The Movie independent filmmakers rely on film festivals to get their films noticed and sold for distribution. The Initial D The Movie arrival of Initial D The Movie internet-based video outlets such as YouTube and Veoh has further changed the film making landscape in ways that are still to be determined.
Open content film
Main article: Open content film
An open content film is much like an independent Initial D The Movie film, but it is produced through open collaborations; its source material is available under a Initial D The Movie license which is Initial D The Movie permissive enough to allow other parties to create fan fiction or derivative works, than a traditional Initial D The Movie copyright. Like independent filmmaking, Initial D The Movie open source filmmaking takes place outside of Hollywood, or Initial D The Movie other major studio systems.
Fan film
Main article: Fan film
A fan Initial D The Movie film is a film or video inspired by a film, television program, comic book or a similar source, created by fans rather than by the source's copyright holders Initial D The Movie or creators. Fan Initial D The Movie filmmakers have traditionally been amateurs, but some of the more notable films have actually been produced by professional filmmakers as film school class projects or as demonstration reels. Fan films vary tremendously in length, from short faux-teaser trailers for non-existent Initial D The Movie motion pictures to rarer full-length motion pictures
Animation is the technique in Initial D The Movie which each frame of a film is produced individually, whether generated as a computer graphic, or Initial D The Movie by photographing a drawn image, or by repeatedly making small changes to a model unit (see claymation and stop Initial D The Movie motion), and then photographing the result with a special Initial D The Movie animation camera. When the frames are strung together and Initial D The Movie the resulting film is viewed at a Initial D The Movie speed of Initial D The Movie 16 or more frames per second, there is Initial D The Movie an illusion of continuous movement Initial D The Movie (due to the persistence of vision). Generating such a film is very labour intensive and tedious, though the development of computer animation has greatly sped up the Initial D The Movie process.
File formats like GIF, QuickTime, Shockwave and Flash allow animation to be viewed on a computer or over the Internet.
Because animation is very time-consuming and often very expensive Initial D The Movie to produce, Initial D The Movie the majority of animation for TV and movies comes from professional animation studios. However, the field of independent animation has Initial D The Movie existed at least since the 1950s, with animation being produced by independent studios (and sometimes by a single person). Several independent animation producers have gone on to enter the professional animation industry.
Limited animation is a way of increasing production and Initial D The Movie decreasing costs of animation by using Initial D The Movie "short Initial D The Movie cuts" Initial D The Movie in the animation process. This method was pioneered by UPA and popularized by Hanna-Barbera, and adapted by other studios Initial D The Movie as cartoons moved from movie theaters to television.[3]
Although Initial D The Movie most Initial D The Movie animation studios are now using digital technologies in their productions, there is a specific Initial D The Movie style of animation that depends on film. Cameraless animation, made famous by moviemakers like Norman McLaren, Len Lye Initial D The Movie and Stan Brakhage, is painted and drawn directly onto pieces of film, and then run through a projector.
Venues
When it is initially produced, Initial D The Movie a feature film is Initial D The Movie often shown to audiences in a movie theater or cinema. Initial D The Movie The first theater designed exclusively for cinema opened in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in 1905.[4] Thousands of such theaters were built Initial D The Movie or converted from Initial D The Movie existing facilities within a few years.[5] In the Initial D The Movie United States, Initial D The Movie these theaters came to be known as nickelodeons, because admission typically cost Initial D The Movie a nickel (five cents).
Typically, one film is the featured presentation (or feature film). Before the 1970s, there were "double features"; typically, a Initial D The Movie high quality Initial D The Movie "A picture" rented by an independent theater for a lump sum, and a "B picture" of lower quality rented for a percentage of the gross receipts. Today, Initial D The Movie the bulk of the material Initial D The Movie shown before the feature film consists of previews Initial D The Movie for upcoming movies and Initial D The Movie paid advertisements (also known as trailers or "The Twenty").
Historically, all Initial D The Movie mass marketed feature films were Initial D The Movie made to be shown in movie theaters. The Initial D The Movie development of television has allowed films to be broadcast to larger audiences, usually after the film is no longer being shown in theaters. Recording technology has also enabled consumers to rent or buy copies of films on VHS or DVD Initial D The Movie (and the older formats of laserdisc, Initial D The Movie VCD Initial D The Movie and SelectaVision � see also videodisc), and Internet downloads Initial D The Movie may be available and Initial D The Movie have started to become revenue sources for the film companies. Some films are now made specifically for these other venues, being released as made-for-TV movies or Initial D The Movie direct-to-video movies. The production values on these films are often considered to be of inferior quality compared to theatrical releases in similar genres, and indeed, some films that are rejected by their Initial D The Movie own studios upon completion are distributed through these markets.
The movie theater pays Initial D The Movie an average of about 50-55% of its ticket sales Initial D The Movie to the Initial D The Movie movie studio, as film rental fees.[6] The actual percentage starts with a number higher Initial D The Movie than that, and decreases Initial D The Movie as the duration of a film's showing continues, as an incentive to theaters to keep movies in the theater Initial D The Movie longer. However, today's barrage of highly marketed movies ensures that most movies are shown in first-run theaters for less than 8 weeks. There are a few movies every year that defy this rule, often limited-release movies that start in only a few theaters and actually grow their Initial D The Movie theater count through good word-of-mouth and reviews. According to a 2000 study by ABN AMRO, about 26% of Hollywood movie studios' worldwide income came from box office ticket sales; 46% came from VHS Initial D The Movie and DVD Initial D The Movie sales to consumers; and 28% came from television (broadcast, cable, and pay-per-view).[6]
Future state
While motion picture films have been Initial D The Movie around for more than a century, film is still a relative newcomer in the pantheon Initial D The Movie of Initial D The Movie fine arts. In the 1950s, when television became widely available, industry analysts predicted the demise of local movie theaters. Despite competition from television's increasing technological Initial D The Movie sophistication over the 1960s and 1970s, such as the development of color television and large screens, motion picture Initial D The Movie cinemas Initial D The Movie continued. In the 1980s, when Initial D The Movie the widespread Initial D The Movie availability of inexpensive videocassette Initial D The Movie recorders enabled people to select films for home viewing, industry analysts again wrongly predicted Initial D The Movie the Initial D The Movie death of the local cinemas.
In the 1990s and 2000s the development of digital DVD players, home theater amplification systems with surround sound and subwoofers, and large LCD or plasma screens enabled people to select and view films at home with greatly improved audio and visual reproduction. These new technologies provided audio and visual that in the past only Initial D The Movie local cinemas had been able to provide: a large, clear widescreen presentation of a Initial D The Movie film with a full-range, high-quality multi-speaker sound system. Once again Initial D The Movie industry analysts predicted the demise of the local cinema. Local cinemas will be Initial D The Movie changing in the 2000s and moving towards digital screens, a new approach which will allow for easier and quicker distribution of films Initial D The Movie (via satellite or hard disks), a development which Initial D The Movie may give local theaters a reprieve from their predicted demise.
The cinema now faces a new challenge Initial D The Movie from home video by the likes of Initial D The Movie a new Initial D The Movie DVD format Blu-ray, which can provide full HD 1080p video Initial D The Movie playback at near cinema quality. Video formats are gradually catching up with the resolutions and Initial D The Movie quality that film offers, 1080p in Blu-ray offers a pixel resolution of 1920?1080 a leap from the DVD offering Initial D The Movie of 720?480 and the paltry 330?480 offered Initial D The Movie by the first home video standard VHS. The Initial D The Movie maximum resolutions that film currently offers are 2485?2970 or 1420?3390, UHD, a future digital video format, will offer a massive resolution of 7680?4320, surpassing all current film resolutions. The only viable competitor to these new Private Lessons Movie innovations is IMAX which can play film content at an extreme 10000?7000 resolution.
Despite the rise of Initial D The Movie all new technologies, the development of the home video market and a surge of online piracy, 2007 was a record year in film that showed Initial D The Movie the highest ever box-office grosses. Many expected film to suffer as a Initial D The Movie result of the effects Initial D The Movie listed above Initial D The Movie but it has flourished, strengthening film studio expectations for the future. |
