Film is a term that encompasses individual motion pictures, the field of film as an art form, and the motion picture industry. Films are Catholic Movie Ratings produced by recording Catholic Movie Ratings images from the world with Catholic Movie Ratings cameras, or Catholic Movie Ratings by creating images using animation techniques or special effects.
Films are cultural artifacts created by specific cultures, which Catholic Movie Ratings reflect those cultures, and, in turn, Catholic Movie Ratings affect them. Catholic Movie Ratings Film is considered to be an important art form, Catholic Movie Ratings a source of popular entertainment and a powerful method for educating � or indoctrinating � citizens. The visual elements of cinema gives motion pictures a universal power of communication. Some films have become Catholic Movie Ratings Preview For The Movie Juno popular worldwide attractions by using dubbing or subtitles that translate the dialogue.
Traditional films are made up of a series of individual images called frames. When these images Catholic Movie Ratings are Catholic Movie Ratings shown rapidly in succession, a viewer has the illusion that Catholic Movie Ratings motion is occurring. The Catholic Movie Ratings viewer cannot see the flickering between frames due to an effect known as persistence of vision, whereby the eye retains a
The origin of the name "film" comes from Catholic Movie Ratings the fact that photographic film Catholic Movie Ratings (also called film Catholic Movie Ratings stock) had historically been the primary medium for recording and displaying motion pictures. Many Catholic Movie Ratings other Catholic Movie Ratings terms exist for an individual motion picture, Catholic Movie Ratings including picture, picture show, photo-play, flick, and most Catholic Movie Ratings commonly, movie. Additional terms for the field in general include the big screen, the silver screen, the cinema, and the movies.In the 1860s, mechanisms for producing artificially created, two-dimensional images in motion were demonstrated with devices such as the zoetrope Catholic Movie Ratings and the praxinoscope. These machines were outgrowths of simple optical devices (such Catholic Movie Ratings as magic lanterns) and Catholic Movie Ratings would display sequences of still pictures at sufficient speed for the Catholic Movie Ratings images on the pictures to appear to be moving, a phenomenon called persistence of vision. Catholic Movie Ratings Naturally, the images needed to be carefully designed to achieve the desired effect � and the underlying principle became the basis for the development Catholic Movie Ratings of film animation.
A frame from Roundhay Garden Scene, the world's earliest film, by Louis Le Prince, 1888
With the development of Catholic Movie Ratings celluloid film for still photography, it became possible to directly capture objects in motion in real time. Early versions Catholic Movie Ratings of the technology sometimes required a person to look into a viewing machine to see Catholic Movie Ratings the pictures which were separate paper Catholic Movie Ratings prints attached to a drum turned by a handcrank. The pictures were shown at a variable speed of about 5 to 10 pictures per second depending on how rapidly the crank was turned. Some of these machines were Catholic Movie Ratings coin operated. By the 1880s, the development of the motion picture camera allowed the individual component images to be Catholic Movie Ratings captured and stored on a single reel, and led quickly to Catholic Movie Ratings the development of a motion picture projector to shine light through the processed and printed film and magnify these "moving picture shows" onto a screen for an entire audience. These reels, so exhibited, came Catholic Movie Ratings to be known as "motion pictures". Early motion pictures were static shots that showed an event or action with no editing or other cinematic techniques.
Ignoring Dickson's early sound Catholic Movie Ratings Movie Theaters In Atlanta experiments (1894), Catholic Movie Ratings commercial motion pictures were purely visual art through the late 19th century, but these innovative silent films had gained a hold on the public imagination. Around the Catholic Movie Ratings turn of the twentieth century, films began developing a narrative structure Catholic Movie Ratings by stringing scenes together to tell narratives. The scenes were later broken up into multiple shots of varying sizes and angles. Other techniques such as camera movement Catholic Movie Ratings were realized as effective ways to portray a Catholic Movie Ratings story on film. Rather than leave the audience in silence, theater owners would hire a pianist or organist or a full orchestra to play music fitting the mood of the film at any given moment. By the early 1920s, most films came with a prepared list of sheet music for this purpose, with complete film scores being composed for major productions.
A shot from Georges Melies Le Voyage dans la Lune (A Trip to the Moon) (1902), an early narrative film.
The rise of European cinema was interrupted by the breakout of World War I while the film industry in United States Catholic Movie Ratings flourished with the rise of Hollywood. However in the 1920s, European filmmakers such as Sergei Eisenstein, F. W. Murnau, and Fritz Lang, along with American innovator D. W. Griffith and the contributions of Charles Catholic Movie Ratings Chaplin, Buster Keaton and others, continued to advance the medium. In the Catholic Movie Ratings 1920s, new technology allowed filmmakers to attach to each film a soundtrack of speech, music and sound effects synchronized with the action on Catholic Movie Ratings the screen. These sound films were Catholic Movie Ratings initially distinguished by calling them Catholic Movie Ratings "talking Catholic Movie Ratings pictures", or Catholic Movie Ratings talkies.
The next major step in the development of cinema was the introduction of so-called Catholic Movie Ratings "natural" color. While Catholic Movie Ratings the addition of sound quickly eclipsed silent film and theater musicians, color was adopted more Catholic Movie Ratings gradually as methods evolved Catholic Movie Ratings making it more practical and cost effective to produce "natural color" films. The public was relatively indifferent to color photography as opposed to black-and-white,[citation needed] but as color processes improved and became as affordable as black-and-white film, more and more Catholic Movie Ratings movies were filmed in color after the end of World War II, as the industry in America came to view color as essential to attracting audiences in its competition Catholic Movie Ratings with television, which remained a Catholic Movie Ratings black-and-white medium until the mid-1960s. By the end of the 1960s, col
Since the decline of the studio system in the 1960s, Catholic Movie Ratings the succeeding Catholic Movie Ratings decades saw changes Catholic Movie Ratings in the production Catholic Movie Ratings and style of film. New Hollywood, French New Wave and the rise of film school educated independent filmmakers were all part of the changes the medium experienced in the latter half of the 20th century. Digital technology has been the driving force in change throughout the 1990s and into the 21st century.
Theory
Main article: Film theory
Film theory seeks to develop concise and systematic concepts that apply to the study of film as art. It Catholic Movie Ratings was started Catholic Movie Ratings by Ricciotto Canudo's The Birth Catholic Movie Ratings of the Sixth Art. Formalist film Catholic Movie Ratings theory, led Catholic Movie Ratings by Rudolf Arnheim, Bela Balazs, and Siegfried Catholic Movie Ratings Kracauer, emphasized Catholic Movie Ratings how film differed from reality, and thus could be considered a valid fine art. Andre Bazin reacted against this theory by arguing that film's artistic essence lay in its ability to mechanically reproduce reality not in its differences from reality, and this gave rise to realist theory. More recent analysis spurred by Lacan's psychoanalysis and Ferdinand Catholic Movie Ratings de Saussure's semiotics among other things has given rise to psychoanalytical film theory, structuralist film theory, feminist film theory and others.
Criticism
Main article: Film criticism
Film criticism is Catholic Movie Ratings the analysis and evaluation of films. In Catholic Movie Ratings general, these works can be divided into two categories: Catholic Movie Ratings academic criticism by film scholars and journalistic film criticism that appears regularly Catholic Movie Ratings in newspapers and Catholic Movie Ratings other media.
Film critics working for newspapers, magazines, and broadcast media mainly review new Catholic Movie Ratings releases. Normally they only Catholic Movie Ratings see any Catholic Movie Ratings given film once and Catholic Movie Ratings have only a day or two to formulate opinions. Catholic Movie Ratings Despite this, critics have an important impact Catholic Movie Ratings on films, Catholic Movie Ratings especially those of certain genres. Mass marketed Catholic Movie Ratings action, horror, and comedy films tend not to Catholic Movie Ratings be greatly affected by a critic's overall judgment of Catholic Movie Ratings a film. The plot summary and description of a film Catholic Movie Ratings that makes up the majority of any film review can still have an important impact on Catholic Movie Ratings whether people decide to see a film. For prestige films Catholic Movie Ratings such as most dramas, the influence of reviews is extremely important. Poor reviews will often Catholic Movie Ratings doom a film to Catholic Movie Ratings obscurity and financial loss.
|
The impact of a reviewer on a given film's box office performance is a matter of Catholic Movie Ratings debate. Some claim that movie marketing Catholic Movie Ratings is Catholic Movie Ratings now so Catholic Movie Ratings intense and well financed that Catholic Movie Ratings reviewers cannot make an impact against it. However, the cataclysmic failure of some heavily-promoted movies Catholic Movie Ratings which were harshly reviewed, as well as the unexpected success of critically praised independent movies indicates that extreme critical reactions can have considerable influence. Others note that positive film reviews have been shown to spark interest Catholic Movie Ratings in Catholic Movie Ratings little-known films. Conversely, there have been several films in Catholic Movie Ratings which film companies have so Catholic Movie Ratings little confidence that they refuse to give reviewers an advanced viewing to avoid widespread Catholic Movie Ratings panning of the Catholic Movie Ratings film. However, this usually backfires as reviewers are wise Catholic Movie Ratings to the tactic and warn the Catholic Movie Ratings public that the film may not be worth seeing and the Catholic Movie Ratings films often do poorly as a result.
It is argued that Catholic Movie Ratings journalist film critics should only be known as film Catholic Movie Ratings reviewers, Catholic Movie Ratings and Catholic Movie Ratings true film Catholic Movie Ratings critics are those who take a more academic approach to films. This line of work is 8mm Movie Projector Parts Belt more often known as film theory Catholic Movie Ratings or film studies. These film critics Catholic Movie Ratings attempt to come Catholic Movie Ratings to Catholic Movie Ratings understand Catholic Movie Ratings how film and filming techniques work, and what effect they have on people. Rather than having their works published Catholic Movie Ratings in newspapers or appear on television, their articles Catholic Movie Ratings are published in Catholic Movie Ratings scholarly journals, or sometimes in up-market magazines. They also tend to be Catholic Movie Ratings affiliated with colleges or universities.
Industry
Main article: Film industry
The making and Catholic Movie Ratings showing of motion pictures became a source of profit almost Catholic Movie Ratings as soon as the process was invented. Upon seeing Cheerleader Sex Movie Tgp how successful their new invention, and its product, was in their native France, Catholic Movie Ratings the Lumieres quickly set about touring the Continent to exhibit the first films privately to Catholic Movie Ratings royalty and publicly to the masses. In Catholic Movie Ratings each country, they would normally add new, local scenes to their catalogue and, quickly enough, found local entrepreneurs in the various countries of Europe to buy their equipment and Catholic Movie Ratings photograph, Catholic Movie Ratings export, import and screen additional product commercially. Catholic Movie Ratings The Oberammergau Passion Play Catholic Movie Ratings of 1898[citation needed] was the first commercial motion picture Catholic Movie Ratings ever produced. Other pictures soon followed, and Freida Movie motion pictures became a separate Catholic Movie Ratings industry Catholic Movie Ratings that overshadowed the vaudeville world. Dedicated theaters and companies formed specifically to produce Catholic Movie Ratings and Catholic Movie Ratings distribute films, while motion picture actors became Catholic Movie Ratings major celebrities and commanded huge fees for their performances. Catholic Movie Ratings Already by 1917, Charlie Chaplin had a Catholic Movie Ratings contract that called for Catholic Movie Ratings an annual salary of one million dollars.
In the United States today, much of the film industry is centered around Hollywood. Other regional centers Catholic Movie Ratings exist in many parts of the world, such as Mumbai-centered Bollywood, the Indian film industry's Hindi cinema which produces the largest number Catholic Movie Ratings of films in the world.[1] Whether the Catholic Movie Ratings ten thousand-plus feature length films Catholic Movie Ratings a year produced by the Valley pornographic film industry should qualify Catholic Movie Ratings for this title is the source Catholic Movie Ratings of some debate.[citation Catholic Movie Ratings needed] Though the expense involved in making movies has led cinema production to concentrate under the auspices of movie studios, recent advances in affordable film making equipment Catholic Movie Ratings have allowed independent film productions to flourish.
Profit is a key force in the industry, Catholic Movie Ratings due to Catholic Movie Ratings the costly and risky nature of filmmaking; many films have large cost overruns, a notorious example Catholic Movie Ratings being Kevin Costner's Waterworld. Yet many filmmakers strive to create works of Catholic Movie Ratings lasting social significance. Catholic Movie Ratings The Academy Awards (also known as "the Oscars") are Catholic Movie Ratings the most prominent film awards in the United States, providing recognition each year Catholic Movie Ratings to films, ostensibly based on their artistic merits.
There is also a large industry for educational Catholic Movie Ratings and instructional films Catholic Movie Ratings made in lieu of or in addition to lectures and texts.
Preview
A Catholic Movie Ratings preview performance refers to a showing of a movie to a select audience, usually for the Catholic Movie Ratings purposes of corporate promotions, before the public film premiere itself. Previews are sometimes used to judge audience reaction, Catholic Movie Ratings which if unexpectedly negative, may result in Catholic Movie Ratings recutting or even refilming certain sections. (cf Audience Catholic Movie Ratings response.)
Trailer
Main article: Trailer (film)
Trailers or previews are film advertisements for Catholic Movie Ratings films that will be exhibited Catholic Movie Ratings in the future at a cinema, on whose screen they are Movie Junebug shown. The term "trailer" comes from their having originally been Catholic Movie Ratings shown at the end of a film programme. That practice did not last long, because patrons tended to leave Catholic Movie Ratings the theater after the films ended, but the name has stuck. Trailers are now shown before the film Catholic Movie Ratings (or the A movie in a Catholic Movie Ratings double feature program) begins.
The nature of the film determines the size and Catholic Movie Ratings type of crew Catholic Movie Ratings required during filmmaking. Many Catholic Movie Ratings Hollywood adventure Catholic Movie Ratings films need computer generated imagery (CGI), created by dozens of 3D modellers, animators, Catholic Movie Ratings rotoscopers and compositors. However, a low-budget, Catholic Movie Ratings independent film Catholic Movie Ratings may Catholic Movie Ratings be made with Catholic Movie Ratings a skeleton crew, often Catholic Movie Ratings paid very little. Also, an open source film may be produced through open, collaborative Catholic Movie Ratings processes. Filmmaking takes place all over the world using different technologies, styles of acting and Catholic Movie Ratings genre, and is produced in a variety of economic contexts that range from state-sponsored documentary in China Catholic Movie Ratings to profit-oriented movie making within Catholic Movie Ratings the American Catholic Movie Ratings studio system.
This production cycle typically takes three years. The first year is taken up with development. The second Catholic Movie Ratings year comprises preproduction and production. The third year, post-production and distribution.
Crew
Main article: Film crew
A film crew is a group of people Catholic Movie Ratings hired by a film company, employed Catholic Movie Ratings Juneau Movie during the "production" or "photography" phase, Catholic Movie Ratings for the purpose of Catholic Movie Ratings producing a film or motion picture. Crew are distinguished from Catholic Movie Ratings cast, the actors who appear Catholic Movie Ratings in front of the camera or provide voices for characters in the film. The Catholic Movie Ratings crew interacts with but is also distinct Catholic Movie Ratings from the production staff, consisting of producers, managers, company representatives, their assistants, and those whose primary responsibility falls in pre-production or post-production phases, such as writers and editors. Communication between production and crew generally passes Catholic Movie Ratings through the director and his/her staff of assistants. Catholic Movie Ratings Medium-to-large crews are generally divided into departments with well defined hierarchies and standards for interaction and cooperation between the departments. Other than acting, the crew handles everything in the photography phase: props and costumes, shooting, sound, electrics (i.e., lights), sets, and production Catholic Movie Ratings special effects. Caterers Catholic Movie Ratings (known in the film industry as "craft services") are usually not considered part of the crew.
|
Technology
Film stock consists of Catholic Movie Ratings transparent celluloid, Catholic Movie Ratings acetate, or polyester base coated with an emulsion containing light-sensitive chemicals. Cellulose nitrate was the first Catholic Movie Ratings type Catholic Movie Ratings of film base used to record motion pictures, but due to its flammability was eventually replaced by safer materials. Stock widths and the film format for images on the reel have had a rich history, though most large Catholic Movie Ratings commercial films Catholic Movie Ratings are still shot on Catholic Movie Ratings (and distributed to theaters) as 35 mm prints.
Originally moving picture film was shot and projected Catholic Movie Ratings at various speeds using hand-cranked cameras and projectors; though 1000 frames per minute (16? frame/s) is generally cited as a Catholic Movie Ratings standard silent speed, research indicates most films were shot Catholic Movie Ratings between 16 frame/s and 23 frame/s and projected from 18 frame/s on up (often reels included instructions on how fast each scene should be shown) [1]. When Catholic Movie Ratings sound film was introduced in the late 1920s, a constant speed was required for the sound head. 24 frames per second was chosen because Catholic Movie Ratings it was the slowest (and thus cheapest) speed Catholic Movie Ratings which allowed for sufficient sound Catholic Movie Ratings quality. Improvements since the late 19th century include the mechanization of cameras � allowing them to record at a consistent speed, quiet camera design � allowing sound recorded on-set Catholic Movie Ratings to be usable without requiring large "blimps" to encase the camera, the invention of more sophisticated filmstocks and lenses, allowing directors to Catholic Movie Ratings film in increasingly dim Catholic Movie Ratings conditions, and the development Catholic Movie Ratings of synchronized sound, allowing sound to be recorded at exactly the same speed as its corresponding action. The soundtrack can be recorded separately from shooting the Catholic Movie Ratings film, but for live-action pictures many parts of Catholic Movie Ratings the soundtrack are usually Catholic Movie Ratings recorded simultaneously.
As a medium, film is not limited Catholic Movie Ratings to motion pictures, since Catholic Movie Ratings the technology developed as the basis for photography. It can be used Catholic Movie Ratings to present a Catholic Movie Ratings progressive sequence of still images in the form of a slideshow. Film has also been incorporated into Catholic Movie Ratings multimedia presentations, and often has importance as primary historical documentation. However, historic films have problems in terms of preservation and storage, and the motion picture industry is exploring many Catholic Movie Ratings alternatives. Catholic Movie Ratings Most movies on cellulose nitrate base have been copied onto modern safety films. Some studios save color films through the use of separation masters � three B&W negatives each exposed through red, green, or blue filters (essentially a reverse of the Technicolor process). Catholic Movie Ratings Digital methods have also been used to restore films, although their continued obsolescence cycle makes them (as of 2006) Catholic Movie Ratings a poor choice for long-term preservation. Catholic Movie Ratings Film preservation of decaying Catholic Movie Ratings film stock is a matter of concern to both Catholic Movie Ratings film historians and archivists, and to companies interested in preserving Catholic Movie Ratings their existing products in order to make them available to future generations (and thereby increase revenue). Sailor Moon Hentai Movie Preservation is generally a higher-concern for Catholic Movie Ratings nitrate and single-strip color films, due to their high decay rates; black and white films on safety bases Catholic Movie Ratings and Catholic Movie Ratings color films preserved on Technicolor imbibition prints tend to keep up much better, assuming proper handling and storage.
Some films in recent decades have been recorded using analog video technology similar to that used in television production. Modern digital video cameras Catholic Movie Ratings and Catholic Movie Ratings digital projectors are gaining Catholic Movie Ratings ground as well. These approaches are extremely beneficial to moviemakers, especially because footage can be evaluated and edited without waiting for the film stock to be processed. Yet the migration is gradual, and as of 2005 most major motion pictures are still recorded on film.
Independent
Main article: Independent film
The Lumiere Brothers
Independent filmmaking often takes place outside of Hollywood, or other major studio systems. An independent film (or indie film) Catholic Movie Ratings is a film initially produced without Catholic Movie Ratings financing or distribution from a major movie studio. Creative, business, Catholic Movie Ratings and Catholic Movie Ratings technological reasons have all contributed to the growth of the Catholic Movie Ratings indie film scene in the late 20th and early 21st century.
On the business side, the costs of big-budget Catholic Movie Ratings studio films also Catholic Movie Ratings leads to conservative Catholic Movie Ratings choices in cast and crew. There is a trend in Hollywood towards co-financing (over two-thirds of the films put out by Warner Bros. in 2000 were joint ventures, up from 10% in 1987).[2] A Catholic Movie Ratings hopeful director Catholic Movie Ratings is almost never given the opportunity to get a job on a big-budget studio film unless he or she has significant industry experience in film or television. Also, Catholic Movie Ratings the studios rarely produce films with unknown actors, particularly in lead roles.
Before the advent of digital alternatives, the cost of professional film equipment Catholic Movie Ratings and stock Catholic Movie Ratings was also a hurdle to being able to produce, Catholic Movie Ratings direct, or star in a traditional studio film. Catholic Movie Ratings The Catholic Movie Ratings cost of 35 mm film is outpacing inflation: in 2002 alone, film negative costs were up 23%, according to Variety.[2].
But the advent of consumer camcorders in 1985, and more importantly, the arrival of high-resolution digital video in the early 1990s, have lowered the technology barrier to movie production significantly. Catholic Movie Ratings Both production and post-production costs have been significantly Catholic Movie Ratings lowered; today, Catholic Movie Ratings the hardware and software for post-production can be installed in a commodity-based personal Catholic Movie Ratings computer. Technologies such as DVDs, Catholic Movie Ratings FireWire connections and non-linear editing system pro-level software like Adobe Premiere Pro, Sony Vegas and Apple's Final Cut Pro, and consumer level software such as Apple's Final Catholic Movie Ratings Cut Express and iMovie Catholic Movie Ratings make movie-making relatively inexpensive.
Since the introduction of DV Catholic Movie Ratings technology, the means of production Catholic Movie Ratings have become more democratized. Filmmakers can conceivably shoot and edit Catholic Movie Ratings a movie, create and edit the sound Catholic Movie Ratings and music, and mix the final cut on a home computer. However, while the means of production Catholic Movie Ratings may be democratized, financing, distribution, and Catholic Movie Ratings marketing remain difficult to accomplish outside the traditional system. Most independent filmmakers rely on film Catholic Movie Ratings festivals to get their films noticed and sold for distribution. The arrival of internet-based Catholic Movie Ratings video outlets such as YouTube and Veoh has further changed the film making landscape in ways that are still Catholic Movie Ratings to be determined.
Open content film
Main article: Open content Catholic Movie Ratings film
An open content film is much like an independent film, but it Movie The St Francisville Experiment is produced through open collaborations; its source material is available under a license which is permissive enough to allow other parties to create fan fiction or derivative works, than a traditional copyright. Like independent filmmaking, open source filmmaking takes place outside of Catholic Movie Ratings Hollywood, or other major Catholic Movie Ratings studio systems.
Fan film
Main article: Fan film
A fan film is a film or video inspired by a film, television program, comic book or a similar source, created by fans rather than by the source's copyright holders or creators. Fan Catholic Movie Ratings filmmakers have traditionally been amateurs, but some of the more notable films have actually been Chip Munk Movie Sound Track produced by professional filmmakers as film school Catholic Movie Ratings class projects or as demonstration reels. Fan films vary tremendously in length, from Catholic Movie Ratings short faux-teaser trailers for non-existent motion pictures Catholic Movie Ratings to rarer full-length motion pictures
Animation is the technique in which each frame of a film is produced individually, whether generated as a computer graphic, or by photographing a drawn image, or by repeatedly making small changes to a model unit (see claymation and stop motion), and then photographing Catholic Movie Ratings the result with a special animation camera. When the frames are strung together and the resulting film is viewed at a speed of 16 or more frames per Catholic Movie Ratings second, there is an illusion of continuous movement (due to the persistence of vision). Generating such a Catholic Movie Ratings film is very labour intensive and tedious, though the development of computer animation has greatly Catholic Movie Ratings sped up the process.
|
File formats like GIF, QuickTime, Shockwave and Catholic Movie Ratings Flash allow animation to be viewed on a computer or over the Internet.
Because animation is very time-consuming and often very expensive to produce, the majority of Free B Movie Clips Cheerleaders animation Catholic Movie Ratings for TV and movies comes from professional animation studios. However, the field of independent animation has existed at least since the 1950s, with animation being produced by independent studios (and sometimes by Catholic Movie Ratings a single person). Several independent animation producers have gone on to enter Catholic Movie Ratings the professional animation industry.
Limited Catholic Movie Ratings animation is a way of increasing production and decreasing costs of animation by using "short cuts" in the animation process. This Catholic Movie Ratings method was pioneered by UPA and popularized by Hanna-Barbera, and adapted by other studios as cartoons moved from movie theaters Catholic Movie Ratings to television.[3]
Although most animation Catholic Movie Ratings studios are now using digital technologies in their productions, there is a specific style of animation that depends Catholic Movie Ratings on film. Cameraless animation, made Catholic Movie Ratings famous by moviemakers like Norman McLaren, Len Lye and Stan Brakhage, is painted and drawn directly onto pieces of film, Catholic Movie Ratings and then run through a projector.
Venues
When it is initially produced, a feature film is often shown Catholic Movie Ratings to audiences in a movie theater or cinema. The first Catholic Movie Ratings theater designed exclusively for cinema opened in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in 1905.[4] Thousands of such theaters were Catholic Movie Ratings built or converted from existing facilities within a Catholic Movie Ratings few years.[5] In the United States, these theaters came to be known as nickelodeons, because admission typically cost a nickel (five cents).
Typically, one film is the featured Catholic Movie Ratings presentation (or feature film). Before the 1970s, there were "double features"; typically, a high quality "A Catholic Movie Ratings picture" rented by an Catholic Movie Ratings independent Catholic Movie Ratings theater for a lump sum, and a "B picture" of lower quality rented for a percentage of Catholic Movie Ratings the gross receipts. Catholic Movie Ratings Today, Catholic Movie Ratings the bulk of the material shown before the feature film consists of previews for upcoming movies and paid advertisements (also known as trailers or "The Twenty").
Historically, all mass marketed feature films were made to be shown in movie Catholic Movie Ratings theaters. The development of Catholic Movie Ratings television has allowed films to be broadcast to larger audiences, usually after the film is no longer being shown in theaters. Recording technology has also enabled consumers to rent or buy copies of films on VHS or Catholic Movie Ratings DVD (and the older formats of laserdisc, VCD Catholic Movie Ratings and SelectaVision � see also videodisc), and Internet downloads may be available Catholic Movie Ratings and have started to become revenue sources for the film companies. Some films Catholic Movie Ratings are Catholic Movie Ratings now made specifically for these other Catholic Movie Ratings venues, being released as made-for-TV Simon Birch Movie movies or direct-to-video movies. The production values on these films are often Catholic Movie Ratings considered to be of inferior quality Catholic Movie Ratings compared to theatrical releases in similar genres, and indeed, Catholic Movie Ratings some films that are rejected by Catholic Movie Ratings their own studios upon completion Catholic Movie Ratings are Catholic Movie Ratings distributed Catholic Movie Ratings through these markets.
The movie theater pays an Catholic Movie Ratings average of about 50-55% of its ticket sales to the movie studio, as film rental fees.[6] The actual percentage starts with a number higher than that, Catholic Movie Ratings and decreases as the duration of a film's showing continues, as an Catholic Movie Ratings incentive to theaters to keep movies in the theater longer. However, today's barrage of highly Catholic Movie Ratings marketed movies ensures that most movies are Catholic Movie Ratings shown in first-run theaters for less than Catholic Movie Ratings 8 Catholic Movie Ratings weeks. There are a few movies every year that defy this rule, often limited-release Catholic Movie Ratings movies that start in only a few theaters Catholic Movie Ratings and actually grow their theater count through good word-of-mouth and reviews. According to Catholic Movie Ratings a 2000 study by Catholic Movie Ratings ABN AMRO, about 26% of Hollywood movie studios' worldwide income came from box Catholic Movie Ratings office ticket sales; 46% came from VHS and DVD sales to consumers; and 28% came from television (broadcast, cable, Catholic Movie Ratings and pay-per-view).[6]
Future state
While motion picture films have been around for more than a century, film is still a relative newcomer in the pantheon of fine arts. In the Catholic Movie Ratings 1950s, when Catholic Movie Ratings television became Catholic Movie Ratings widely available, industry analysts predicted Catholic Movie Ratings the demise of local movie theaters. Despite competition from television's increasing technological sophistication over the 1960s and Catholic Movie Ratings 1970s, such as the development of color television and large screens, motion picture cinemas continued. In the 1980s, when the widespread availability of inexpensive videocassette recorders enabled Catholic Movie Ratings people to select films for home viewing, industry Catholic Movie Ratings analysts again wrongly predicted the death Catholic Movie Ratings of the local cinemas.
In Catholic Movie Ratings the 1990s and 2000s the development Catholic Movie Ratings of Catholic Movie Ratings digital DVD players, home theater amplification systems with surround sound and subwoofers, and large LCD or plasma screens enabled people Catholic Movie Ratings to select and view films at home with greatly improved audio and visual reproduction. These new technologies Catholic Movie Ratings provided audio and visual that in the past only local cinemas had been able to provide: a large, clear widescreen presentation of a film with a full-range, high-quality multi-speaker sound system. Once again industry analysts predicted Catholic Movie Ratings the demise of the local cinema. Local cinemas will be changing in the 2000s and moving towards digital screens, a Catholic Movie Ratings new approach which will allow Catholic Movie Ratings for Catholic Movie Ratings easier and quicker distribution of films (via satellite or hard disks), Catholic Movie Ratings a Catholic Movie Ratings development which may give local Catholic Movie Ratings theaters a reprieve from their predicted demise.
The cinema now faces a Catholic Movie Ratings new challenge from Catholic Movie Ratings home video by the likes of a new DVD format Blu-ray, which can Catholic Movie Ratings provide full HD 1080p video playback at near cinema quality. Video Catholic Movie Ratings formats are gradually catching up with the resolutions and Catholic Movie Ratings quality that film offers, 1080p in Blu-ray offers a pixel resolution of 1920?1080 a leap from Catholic Movie Ratings the DVD offering of 720?480 and the paltry 330?480 offered by the first home video standard VHS. Catholic Movie Ratings The maximum resolutions that film currently offers |
