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Film is a term that encompasses individual motion pictures, Pathfinder Movie the field of Pathfinder Movie film as an art form, and the motion picture industry. Films are produced by recording images from the world with cameras, or by creating images using animation Pathfinder Movie techniques or Pathfinder Movie special effects. Films are cultural artifacts created by specific cultures, which reflect those cultures, and, in turn, affect them. Film is considered to be an important art form, Pathfinder Movie a source of popular entertainment and a powerful method for educating � or indoctrinating � citizens. The visual elements of cinema gives motion pictures Pathfinder Movie a universal power of communication. Pathfinder Movie Some films have become Pathfinder Movie popular worldwide Pathfinder Movie attractions by using dubbing or subtitles that translate the dialogue. Traditional films are made up of a series of individual images called frames. When Pathfinder Movie these images are shown rapidly in succession, a viewer has the illusion that motion is occurring. The viewer cannot see the flickering between frames due to an effect known as persistence of vision, whereby the eye retains a The origin of the name "film" comes from the fact that photographic film (also called film stock) Pathfinder Movie had historically been the primary medium for Movie Memorabilia For Sale recording and displaying motion pictures. Pathfinder Movie Many other terms exist for an individual motion picture, including picture, picture show, Pathfinder Movie photo-play, flick, and most commonly, Pathfinder Movie movie. Additional terms for the field in Pathfinder Movie general include Pathfinder Movie the big screen, the silver screen, the cinema, and the movies.In the 1860s, mechanisms Pathfinder Movie for Pathfinder Movie producing artificially created, two-dimensional images in motion were demonstrated with devices such as the zoetrope and the praxinoscope. These machines were outgrowths of simple optical devices (such as magic lanterns) and would display sequences of still pictures at sufficient speed for the images on the pictures to appear to be moving, a phenomenon Pathfinder Movie called Pathfinder Movie persistence of Pathfinder Movie vision. Naturally, the images needed to be carefully designed to achieve the desired effect � and the underlying principle became the basis for the development of film animation. A frame from Roundhay Garden Scene, the world's earliest film, by Louis Le Prince, 1888 With the development of celluloid film for still photography, it became possible to directly capture objects in motion in real Pathfinder Movie time. Early versions of the technology sometimes required a person to look into a viewing machine to Pathfinder Movie see the pictures which were separate paper prints attached to a drum turned by a handcrank. The pictures were shown at a variable speed Pathfinder Movie of about 5 to 10 Pathfinder Movie pictures per second depending on how rapidly the crank was turned. Some of these machines were coin operated. By Pathfinder Movie the 1880s, the development of the motion picture camera allowed the individual component images to be captured and stored on Pathfinder Movie a single reel, and led quickly to the development of a motion picture projector to shine light through the processed

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and printed film and magnify these "moving picture Pathfinder Movie shows" Pathfinder Movie onto a Pathfinder Movie screen for an entire Pathfinder Movie audience. These reels, so exhibited, came to be known as "motion pictures". Early motion pictures were static shots that showed an event or Pathfinder Movie action with no Pathfinder Movie editing or other cinematic techniques. Ignoring Dickson's early sound experiments (1894), commercial motion pictures were purely visual art through the Pathfinder Movie late 19th century, Pathfinder Movie but these innovative silent films had gained a hold on the Pathfinder Movie public imagination. Around the turn of the twentieth century, films began developing a narrative structure by stringing scenes together to tell narratives. The scenes were later broken up into multiple shots of varying sizes and angles. Other techniques such as Pathfinder Movie camera movement were realized as effective ways to portray a story on film. Rather than leave the Pathfinder Movie audience in silence, theater owners

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would hire a pianist or organist or Pathfinder Movie a full orchestra to play music fitting Pathfinder Movie the mood of the film at any given moment. By the early 1920s, most films came with a prepared Pathfinder Movie list of sheet music for this purpose, with complete film scores being composed for major productions. A shot from Georges Melies Pathfinder Movie Le Voyage dans la Lune (A Trip to the Moon) (1902), an early narrative film. The rise of European cinema was interrupted by the breakout of World War I while Pathfinder Movie the film industry in United States flourished with Pathfinder Movie the rise of Hollywood. However in the 1920s, European filmmakers such as Sergei Eisenstein, F. W. Murnau, and Pathfinder Movie Fritz Lang, along with American innovator D. W. Griffith and the contributions of Charles Chaplin, Buster Keaton Pathfinder Movie and others, continued to advance the medium. In the 1920s, new technology allowed filmmakers to attach to each film a soundtrack of speech, Pathfinder Movie music and sound effects synchronized October Movie with the action on the screen. These sound films were initially distinguished by Pathfinder Movie calling them "talking pictures", or talkies. The next major step in the Pathfinder Movie development of cinema was the Pathfinder Movie introduction of so-called "natural" color. While Pathfinder Movie the addition of sound quickly eclipsed silent film and theater musicians, color was adopted more gradually as methods evolved making it more practical and cost effective to produce Pathfinder Movie "natural color" films. Pathfinder Movie The public was relatively indifferent Pathfinder Movie to color photography as opposed to black-and-white,[citation needed] but as color processes improved and became as affordable as black-and-white film, more and more movies were filmed in color after the end of World War II, as the industry in America came to view color as essential to attracting Pathfinder Movie audiences in its competition with television,

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which Pathfinder Movie remained a black-and-white medium until the mid-1960s. By the Pathfinder Movie end of the 1960s, col Since the decline of the studio system in the 1960s, the succeeding decades saw changes in the production and style of Pathfinder Movie film. New Hollywood, French New Wave and the Pathfinder Movie rise of film school educated independent filmmakers were all part of the changes the medium Pathfinder Movie experienced in the latter half of the 20th century. Digital technology has been the driving Pathfinder Movie force in change throughout the 1990s and into the 21st century. Theory Main article: Film theory Film theory seeks to develop concise and systematic concepts

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that apply to the study Pathfinder Movie of film as art. It was started by Pathfinder Movie Ricciotto Canudo's Pathfinder Movie The Birth of the Sixth Art. Formalist film theory, led by Rudolf Arnheim, Bela Balazs, and Siegfried Kracauer, emphasized Pathfinder Movie how film differed from reality, and thus could be considered a valid fine art. Andre Bazin reacted against Pathfinder Movie this theory by arguing that film's artistic essence lay in its ability to mechanically reproduce reality not in its differences Pathfinder Movie from Pathfinder Movie reality, and this gave rise to realist theory. More recent analysis spurred by Lacan's psychoanalysis and Ferdinand de Saussure's semiotics among other things has given rise to psychoanalytical film theory, structuralist film theory, feminist film theory and others. Criticism Main article: Film criticism Film Pathfinder Movie criticism is the analysis and evaluation of films. In general, these Pathfinder Movie works can be divided into Pathfinder Movie two Pathfinder Movie categories: academic criticism by film scholars and journalistic Pathfinder Movie film

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criticism that appears regularly in newspapers and other media. Film critics Pathfinder Movie working for newspapers, magazines, and broadcast media mainly review new releases. Normally they only see any given film once and have only a day or two to formulate opinions. Despite this, critics have an important impact on films, especially those of certain genres. Mass marketed action, horror, and comedy films tend not to be greatly affected by a critic's overall judgment of a film. The plot summary and description of a film that makes up the majority of any film review can still have an important impact on whether people decide to see a film. For Pathfinder Movie prestige films such as most dramas, the influence of reviews is extremely important. Poor reviews will often doom a film to Pathfinder Movie obscurity and financial loss. The impact of a reviewer on a given film's box office performance is a matter of debate. Some claim that movie marketing is now so intense and well financed that reviewers Pathfinder Movie cannot make an impact against it.

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However, Pathfinder Movie the cataclysmic failure of some heavily-promoted movies which were harshly reviewed, as well as the unexpected success of critically praised independent movies indicates that extreme critical reactions can have considerable influence. Others note that positive film reviews Lauren Bacall Movie have

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been shown to spark interest in little-known films. Conversely, there Pathfinder Movie have been several films in which film companies have so little Pathfinder Movie confidence that they refuse to give reviewers an advanced viewing to avoid widespread panning of the film. However, this usually backfires as reviewers are wise to the tactic and warn the public that the Pathfinder Movie film may not be worth seeing and the films often do poorly as Pathfinder Movie a result. It is argued that journalist film critics should only be known as film reviewers, and true film critics

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are those who take a more academic Pathfinder Movie approach Pathfinder Movie to films. This line of work is more often known as film theory or Pathfinder Movie film studies. These film critics attempt to come to understand how Pathfinder Movie film and filming techniques Pathfinder Movie work, and what effect they have on people. Rather than having their works published in newspapers or appear on television, their articles are published in scholarly journals, or sometimes in up-market Pathfinder Movie magazines. They also tend to be affiliated Pathfinder Movie with colleges or universities. Industry Main article: Film Pathfinder Movie industry The making and showing of motion pictures Pathfinder Movie became a source of profit Pathfinder Movie almost as soon Pathfinder Movie as the process was invented. Upon seeing how successful their new invention, Pathfinder Movie and its product, was in their native France, the Lumieres quickly set Pathfinder Movie about touring the Continent to exhibit the first films privately to royalty and publicly to the masses. In each country, they would normally add new, local Pathfinder Movie scenes to their catalogue and, quickly enough, found local entrepreneurs in the various countries of Pathfinder Movie Europe to buy Pathfinder Movie their Pathfinder Movie equipment and photograph, Pathfinder Movie export, import and screen additional Pathfinder Movie product commercially. The Oberammergau Passion Play of 1898[citation needed] Pathfinder Movie was the first commercial motion Pathfinder Movie picture ever produced. Other pictures soon followed, and Pathfinder Movie motion pictures became a separate industry that overshadowed the vaudeville world. Dedicated theaters and companies Pathfinder Movie formed specifically Pathfinder Movie to produce and distribute films, while motion picture Pathfinder Movie actors became major celebrities and commanded huge fees for their performances. Already by 1917, Charlie Chaplin had a contract that called for an annual salary of one Pathfinder Movie million dollars. In the United States today, much of the film industry is centered around Hollywood. Other regional centers Pathfinder Movie exist in many parts of the world, such as Mumbai-centered Bollywood, the Indian film industry's Hindi cinema which produces the largest number Pathfinder Movie of films in the world.[1] Whether the ten thousand-plus

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feature length films a year produced by the Valley pornographic film industry should qualify

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for this title is Pathfinder Movie the source of some debate.[citation needed] Strapon Movie Though the expense Pathfinder Movie involved in making movies has led cinema Pathfinder Movie production to concentrate Pathfinder Movie under the auspices of movie studios, recent advances in affordable film making equipment Pathfinder Movie have allowed independent film productions to Pathfinder Movie flourish. Profit is a key force in

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the industry, due to the costly and risky nature of filmmaking; many films Pathfinder Movie have large cost overruns, a notorious example being Kevin Costner's Waterworld. Yet many filmmakers strive to create works of Pathfinder Movie lasting social significance. The Academy Awards (also Pathfinder Movie known as "the Oscars") Pathfinder Movie are the most prominent film awards in Pathfinder Movie the United States, providing recognition each year to films, Pathfinder Movie ostensibly based on their artistic merits. There is also a large industry for educational and instructional films made in lieu of or in addition to lectures and texts. Preview A preview performance refers to a showing of a Pathfinder Movie movie to a select audience, usually for the purposes of corporate promotions, before the public film premiere itself. Previews are sometimes used to Pathfinder Movie judge Pathfinder Movie audience reaction, which if unexpectedly negative, may result in recutting or even refilming certain sections. (cf Audience Pathfinder Movie response.) Trailer Main article: Trailer (film) Trailers or previews are film advertisements Pathfinder Movie for Pathfinder Movie films that will Pathfinder Movie be exhibited in Pathfinder Movie the

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future at a cinema, on whose screen they are Pathfinder Movie shown. The term "trailer" comes from their having originally been shown at the end Pathfinder Movie of a film programme. That practice did not last long, because Pathfinder Movie patrons Pathfinder Movie tended to leave the theater after Pathfinder Movie the films ended, but the Pathfinder Movie name has stuck. Trailers are now shown before the film Pathfinder Movie (or the A movie in a double feature program) begins. The nature of the Pathfinder Movie film determines the Pathfinder Movie size and type of crew required during filmmaking. Many Hollywood adventure films need computer Pathfinder Movie generated imagery (CGI), created by dozens Pathfinder Movie of 3D modellers, animators, rotoscopers and compositors. However, a low-budget, independent film may be made with a skeleton crew, often paid Pathfinder Movie very little. Also, an open Pathfinder Movie source film may be produced through Pathfinder Movie open, collaborative processes. Filmmaking takes place all over the world using different technologies, styles of acting and genre, and is produced in a variety of economic contexts that range from state-sponsored documentary in

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China to profit-oriented movie making within the American studio system. This production cycle typically takes three years. The first year is taken up with development. The second year comprises preproduction and production. The third year, post-production and distribution. Crew Main article: Film Pathfinder Movie crew A film crew is Pathfinder Movie a group of people hired by a film company, employed during the "production" or "photography" phase, for the purpose of producing a film or motion picture. Crew are distinguished from cast, the actors who appear in front of the Pathfinder Movie camera or provide voices for characters in the film. Pathfinder Movie The Pathfinder Movie crew interacts with but is also distinct from the production Pathfinder Movie staff, consisting Pathfinder Movie of producers, Pathfinder Movie managers, company Pathfinder Movie representatives, their assistants, and those whose primary Weekly Dvd Movie Releases responsibility falls in pre-production or post-production phases, such as writers and editors. Communication between production and crew generally Pathfinder Movie passes Pathfinder Movie through the director Pathfinder Movie and his/her staff of assistants. Medium-to-large crews are generally divided into departments with well defined hierarchies and standards for interaction and cooperation between the departments. Other than acting, the crew handles everything in the photography phase: props and costumes, shooting, sound, electrics (i.e., lights), sets, and production special effects. Caterers (known in the film industry as "craft services") are usually not considered part of the crew. Technology Film stock consists of transparent celluloid, acetate, Pathfinder Movie or polyester base coated with an emulsion containing Pathfinder Movie light-sensitive chemicals. Cellulose nitrate

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was Pathfinder Movie the first type of film

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base used to record Pathfinder Movie motion pictures,

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but due to its flammability was eventually replaced by safer materials. Stock Pathfinder Movie widths and the film format Pathfinder Movie for images on the reel have had a rich history, Pathfinder Movie though most large commercial films are still shot on (and distributed to theaters) as 35 mm prints. Originally moving picture film was shot and Pathfinder Movie projected at various speeds using hand-cranked cameras and projectors; though Pathfinder Movie 1000 frames per minute Pathfinder Movie (16? frame/s) is generally cited as a standard silent speed, research indicates most films were shot between 16 Pathfinder Movie frame/s and 23 frame/s and projected from 18 frame/s on up Pathfinder Movie (often reels included instructions on how fast each scene should be shown) [1]. When sound film Pathfinder Movie was introduced Pathfinder Movie in the late 1920s, a constant speed was required for the sound head. 24 frames per second was chosen because it was the slowest (and thus cheapest) speed which allowed for sufficient sound quality. Improvements since Pathfinder Movie the late 19th century include the mechanization of cameras � allowing them to record at a consistent speed, Pathfinder Movie quiet Pathfinder Movie camera design � allowing sound recorded on-set to be usable without requiring large Pathfinder Movie "blimps" to encase the camera, Pathfinder Movie the invention of more sophisticated Pathfinder Movie filmstocks and lenses, allowing directors to film in increasingly dim conditions, and Pathfinder Movie the Pathfinder Movie development of Pathfinder Movie synchronized sound, allowing sound to be recorded at exactly the same speed as its corresponding action. The soundtrack can be recorded separately from shooting Pathfinder Movie the film, but Pathfinder Movie for live-action pictures many parts of the soundtrack are usually Pathfinder Movie recorded simultaneously. As a medium, film is not limited to motion pictures, since the technology developed as the basis for photography. It can be used to present a

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progressive sequence of still images in the form of a slideshow. Pathfinder Movie Film has also been incorporated into multimedia presentations, and often has Pathfinder Movie importance as primary historical documentation. However, historic films have problems in terms of preservation Pathfinder Movie and storage, and the Pathfinder Movie motion picture industry is Pathfinder Movie exploring many alternatives. Most movies on cellulose nitrate base Pathfinder Movie have been copied onto modern safety films. Some studios save color films through the use of separation masters

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� three B&W negatives each exposed through red, green, or blue filters (essentially a reverse of the Technicolor process). Digital methods have also been used to restore Pathfinder Movie films, Pathfinder Movie although their continued Pathfinder Movie obsolescence cycle makes them (as of 2006) Pathfinder Movie a poor choice for long-term preservation. Pathfinder Movie Film Pathfinder Movie preservation of decaying film Pathfinder Movie stock is a matter of Pathfinder Movie concern to both film historians and archivists, and to companies interested in preserving their existing products in Pathfinder Movie order to make them available to future generations (and thereby increase revenue). Preservation is generally a higher-concern for nitrate and single-strip color films, due to their high Pathfinder Movie decay rates; black and white films on safety bases and Pathfinder Movie color films preserved on Technicolor imbibition prints tend to keep up much better, assuming proper handling and storage. Some films in recent decades have been recorded using analog video technology similar to that used in television production. Modern digital video cameras and Pathfinder Movie digital Pathfinder Movie projectors are gaining ground as well. These approaches are extremely beneficial to moviemakers, especially because footage can be evaluated and edited without waiting for the film stock to be processed. Yet the Pathfinder Movie migration Pathfinder Movie is gradual, and as of 2005 most major motion pictures

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are still recorded on film. Independent Main Pathfinder Movie article: Independent film The Lumiere Brothers Independent filmmaking often takes place outside of Hollywood, or other major studio systems. An independent Pathfinder Movie film (or indie Pathfinder Movie film) is a film initially Movie Theater Laurie Mo produced without financing or distribution from a major movie studio. Creative, business, and technological reasons have all contributed Pathfinder Movie to the growth of the Pathfinder Movie indie Pathfinder Movie film scene in the

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late 20th and early 21st century. On the business side, the costs of Pathfinder Movie big-budget Pathfinder Movie studio films also leads to conservative choices in cast Pathfinder Movie and crew. Pathfinder Movie There is a Pathfinder Movie trend in Hollywood towards co-financing (over two-thirds of the films put out by Warner Bros. in 2000 were joint ventures, up from 10% in 1987).[2] A hopeful director is almost never given Pathfinder Movie the opportunity to get a job on a big-budget studio film unless he or she has significant industry experience in film or television. Also, the studios rarely produce films with unknown actors, particularly in lead roles. Before the advent of digital alternatives, the cost of professional film Pathfinder Movie equipment and stock was also a hurdle to being able to produce, direct, or star in a traditional studio film. The cost of 35 mm film is Pathfinder Movie outpacing inflation: in 2002 alone, film Pathfinder Movie negative Pathfinder Movie costs Pathfinder Movie were up 23%, according to Variety.[2]. But the advent of consumer camcorders Pathfinder Movie in 1985, and more importantly, the arrival of high-resolution digital video in the early 1990s, have Pathfinder Movie lowered the technology barrier to movie production significantly. Both production and post-production costs have

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been significantly lowered; today, the hardware and software for post-production can Pathfinder Movie be Pathfinder Movie installed in a commodity-based

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personal computer. Technologies such as DVDs, FireWire connections and

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non-linear editing Pathfinder Movie system Pathfinder Movie pro-level software like Pathfinder Movie Adobe Premiere Pro, Sony Vegas and Apple's Final Cut Pathfinder Movie Pro, and consumer level software such as Apple's Final Cut Express and iMovie make movie-making relatively inexpensive. Since the introduction of DV technology, the means Pathfinder Movie of production have Pathfinder Movie become more democratized. Filmmakers

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can conceivably shoot and Pathfinder Movie edit a movie, create and edit Pathfinder Movie the sound and music, Pathfinder Movie and mix the final cut Pathfinder Movie on a home computer. However, while the means of production may be democratized, financing, distribution, and marketing remain difficult to accomplish outside the traditional system. Pathfinder Movie Most independent filmmakers rely on film festivals to get their films noticed and sold for distribution. The arrival Pathfinder Movie of internet-based video outlets such Pathfinder Movie as YouTube and Veoh has further changed the film making landscape in Pathfinder Movie ways that are still to be determined. Open content

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film Main

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article: Open content film An Pathfinder Movie open content film is much like an independent film, Pathfinder Movie but it is produced through open collaborations; its source material is available under a license which is permissive enough to allow other parties to create fan fiction or derivative works, Pathfinder Movie than a traditional copyright. Like independent filmmaking, open source filmmaking takes place outside of Hollywood, or other major studio systems. Fan Pathfinder Movie film Main article: Pathfinder Movie Fan film A fan film is a Pathfinder Movie film or Pathfinder Movie video inspired by a Pathfinder Movie film, television program, comic book or a similar source, created Pathfinder Movie by Pathfinder Movie fans rather than by the source's copyright holders or creators. Fan filmmakers have traditionally been amateurs, but some of the more notable films Pathfinder Movie have actually Pathfinder Movie been produced by professional filmmakers as film school class projects or Pathfinder Movie as Pathfinder Movie demonstration Pathfinder Movie reels. Fan films Pathfinder Movie vary tremendously in length, from short faux-teaser trailers for non-existent motion pictures to Pathfinder Movie rarer full-length motion pictures Animation is the technique in which each frame of a film is produced individually, whether generated as a computer graphic, or by photographing a drawn image, or by repeatedly making small changes to a model unit (see claymation and

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stop Pathfinder Movie motion), Pathfinder Movie and then photographing the Pathfinder Movie result with a special animation camera. When the frames are strung together and the resulting film is viewed at a speed of 16 or more frames per second, there is an illusion of continuous movement (due to the persistence of vision). Generating such a film is very labour intensive and tedious, though Pathfinder Movie the development of computer animation has greatly sped up the process. File formats like GIF, QuickTime, Shockwave and Pathfinder Movie Flash allow animation to

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be viewed on a computer or over Pathfinder Movie the Internet. Because animation Pathfinder Movie is very time-consuming and often very expensive to Pathfinder Movie produce, the majority of animation for TV and movies comes from professional animation studios. However, the field of independent animation has existed at least since the 1950s, with animation being produced by independent studios (and sometimes by a Pathfinder Movie single person). Several independent animation producers have gone on to enter the professional animation industry. Limited animation is a way of increasing production and decreasing costs of animation by using "short cuts" Pathfinder Movie in the animation process. This method was pioneered by UPA and popularized by Hanna-Barbera, and adapted

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by other studios as cartoons moved from movie theaters to television.[3] Although most animation studios are now using digital technologies in their productions, there is a specific style of animation that depends on film. Cameraless animation, made famous by moviemakers like Norman McLaren, Len Pathfinder Movie Lye and Stan Brakhage, is painted and drawn directly onto pieces of film, and then run through a projector. Venues When it is initially produced, a feature film is often shown to audiences in a movie theater or cinema. The first theater designed exclusively Pathfinder Movie for cinema opened in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in 1905.[4] Thousands of such theaters were built or converted from existing facilities within a few years.[5] In the United States, these theaters came Pathfinder Movie to be known Pathfinder Movie as nickelodeons, because admission typically cost a nickel (five Pathfinder Movie cents). Typically, one film is the featured presentation (or feature film). Before the

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1970s, there Pathfinder Movie were "double features"; typically, a high quality "A picture" Pathfinder Movie rented by an independent theater for Pathfinder Movie a lump sum, and a "B picture" of lower quality

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rented for a percentage of the gross receipts. Today, the bulk of the Pathfinder Movie material Pathfinder Movie shown before the feature film consists of previews for upcoming movies and paid advertisements (also known as trailers or Pathfinder Movie "The Twenty"). Historically, all mass Pathfinder Movie marketed feature films were made to be shown in movie theaters. The development

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of television has allowed films to be broadcast to larger audiences, usually after the film is no longer being shown in theaters. Recording technology has also enabled consumers to rent or buy copies of films on VHS or DVD (and the older formats Pathfinder Movie of laserdisc, VCD and SelectaVision Pathfinder Movie � see also videodisc), and Internet downloads may Pathfinder Movie be available and have started to become revenue sources for the film companies. Some films Pathfinder Movie are Pathfinder Movie now made specifically for these other venues, being released as made-for-TV movies Pathfinder Movie or direct-to-video Pathfinder Movie movies. The production values on these films are often considered to be Pathfinder Movie of inferior quality compared to theatrical releases in similar genres, and indeed, Pathfinder Movie some films that are rejected Pathfinder Movie by their own studios upon completion are distributed through these markets. The movie theater pays an average of about 50-55% of its ticket sales to the movie studio, as film rental

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fees.[6] The actual percentage starts with a number higher than Pathfinder Movie that, and decreases as the duration of a film's showing continues, as an incentive Pathfinder Movie to Pathfinder Movie theaters to keep movies in the theater longer. However, today's barrage of highly marketed Pathfinder Movie movies ensures that most Pathfinder Movie movies are shown in first-run theaters for

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less than 8 weeks. There are a few movies every year that defy this rule, often limited-release movies that start in only a few theaters and actually grow their theater count through good word-of-mouth and reviews. According to a 2000 study by ABN AMRO, Pathfinder Movie about 26% of Hollywood movie studios' worldwide income came from box office ticket sales; 46% came from VHS and Pathfinder Movie DVD sales to consumers; and 28% came from television (broadcast, cable, and pay-per-view).[6] Future state While motion picture films have been around for more than a century, film is still a relative newcomer in the pantheon of fine arts. In the 1950s, when television became widely available, industry analysts predicted the demise of local movie theaters. Pathfinder Movie Despite competition from television's Pathfinder Movie increasing technological sophistication over the 1960s and 1970s, such as the development of color television and large screens, motion picture cinemas continued. Pathfinder Movie In the 1980s, when the widespread availability Pathfinder Movie of Pathfinder Movie inexpensive videocassette recorders enabled people to select films for home viewing, industry analysts again wrongly predicted the death of the local cinemas. In the 1990s and 2000s the development of digital DVD players, home theater amplification systems with surround sound and subwoofers, and large LCD or Pathfinder Movie plasma screens Pathfinder Movie enabled people to select and view films Pathfinder Movie at home with greatly improved audio and visual reproduction. These new technologies provided audio and visual that in the past only local cinemas had been able to provide: a large, clear widescreen presentation of a film with a

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full-range, high-quality multi-speaker sound system. Once again Pathfinder Movie industry analysts predicted Pathfinder Movie the demise of the local cinema. Local cinemas will be changing in the 2000s and moving Pathfinder Movie towards Pathfinder Movie digital screens, a new approach which will allow for easier and quicker distribution of films (via Pathfinder Movie satellite or hard disks),

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a development which may give local theaters a reprieve Pathfinder Movie from their Pathfinder Movie predicted demise. The cinema now faces a new challenge from home video by the likes of a new DVD format Blu-ray, which can provide full HD Pathfinder Movie 1080p Pathfinder Movie video playback Pathfinder Movie at Pathfinder Movie near cinema quality. Video formats are gradually catching up with the resolutions and quality that film offers, 1080p in Pathfinder Movie Blu-ray offers a pixel resolution of 1920?1080 a leap from the DVD offering of 720?480 and the paltry 330?480 offered by the first home video standard VHS. The Pathfinder Movie maximum resolutions that film currently offers are 2485?2970 or 1420?3390, UHD, a future digital video format, will offer a massive Pathfinder Movie resolution of 7680?4320, surpassing Pathfinder Movie all current film resolutions. The only viable competitor Pathfinder Movie to these new Pathfinder Movie innovations is IMAX which can play Pathfinder Movie film content at an Pathfinder Movie extreme 10000?7000 resolution. Despite the rise of all new

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technologies, the development of the home video market Pathfinder Movie and a surge of online piracy, 2007 was a record year in film that showed the highest ever box-office grosses. Many expected film to suffer as a result of the effects Pathfinder Movie listed above but it has flourished, strengthening film studio expectations for the future.

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