Film is a term that encompasses Coldwater Mi Movie Theater individual motion pictures, the field of film as an art form, and the motion picture industry. Films are produced by recording images from the world Coldwater Mi Movie Theater with cameras, or by creating images using animation techniques or special effects.
Films are cultural artifacts created by specific cultures, which reflect those cultures, and, in turn, affect them. Film is considered to be an important Coldwater Mi Movie Theater art form, a source of Coldwater Mi Movie Theater popular Coldwater Mi Movie Theater entertainment Coldwater Mi Movie Theater and a powerful method for educating � or indoctrinating � citizens. The visual elements of cinema gives motion pictures a universal power of communication. Some films have become popular worldwide attractions by using dubbing or subtitles that translate the Coldwater Mi Movie Theater dialogue.
Traditional films Coldwater Mi Movie Theater are made up of a series of individual images called frames. Coldwater Mi Movie Theater When these images are Coldwater Mi Movie Theater shown rapidly in succession, a viewer has the illusion that motion is Coldwater Mi Movie Theater occurring. The viewer cannot see the flickering between frames due to an effect known as persistence of vision, whereby the eye retains a
The origin of the name "film" comes from the fact that Coldwater Mi Movie Theater photographic film (also called film stock) had historically been the primary medium Coldwater Mi Movie Theater for recording and displaying motion pictures. Many other terms exist for Coldwater Mi Movie Theater an individual Coldwater Mi Movie Theater motion picture, Coldwater Mi Movie Theater including picture, picture show, photo-play, flick, and most commonly, movie. Additional terms for the field in general include the big screen, the silver Coldwater Mi Movie Theater screen, Coldwater Mi Movie Theater the cinema, and Coldwater Mi Movie Theater the Coldwater Mi Movie Theater movies.In the 1860s, mechanisms for producing artificially created, two-dimensional Coldwater Mi Movie Theater images in motion were demonstrated with devices such as the zoetrope Coldwater Mi Movie Theater and the praxinoscope. These machines were outgrowths of simple optical devices (such as magic lanterns) and would display sequences of still pictures at sufficient speed for the images on the pictures to appear to Coldwater Mi Movie Theater be moving, a phenomenon Coldwater Mi Movie Theater called persistence of vision. Naturally, the images needed Coldwater Mi Movie Theater to be Coldwater Mi Movie Theater carefully designed to achieve the Coldwater Mi Movie Theater desired Coldwater Mi Movie Theater effect � and the underlying principle became the basis for the development of film animation.
A frame from Roundhay Garden Scene, the world's earliest film, by Louis Coldwater Mi Movie Theater Le Prince, 1888
With the development of celluloid film for Coldwater Mi Movie Theater still photography, it became possible to directly capture objects in motion in real time. Early versions Coldwater Mi Movie Theater of Coldwater Mi Movie Theater the technology sometimes required a person to look into a viewing machine to see the pictures which were separate Coldwater Mi Movie Theater paper prints attached to a drum turned by a handcrank. The Coldwater Mi Movie Theater pictures were shown at a variable speed of about 5 to 10 pictures per second depending on how rapidly the Coldwater Mi Movie Theater crank was turned. Some of these machines Coldwater Mi Movie Theater were coin operated. By the 1880s, the development of the motion picture camera allowed the individual component images to be captured and stored on a single reel, Coldwater Mi Movie Theater and led Coldwater Mi Movie Theater quickly to the development of a motion picture projector to shine light through the processed and printed film and magnify these "moving picture shows" onto a screen for an entire audience. These reels, so exhibited, came to be known as "motion pictures". Early motion pictures were static Coldwater Mi Movie Theater shots Coldwater Mi Movie Theater that showed an event or action with no Coldwater Mi Movie Theater editing or other cinematic techniques.
Ignoring Dickson's early Coldwater Mi Movie Theater sound experiments (1894), commercial motion pictures were purely visual art through the Coldwater Mi Movie Theater late 19th century, but these innovative Coldwater Mi Movie Theater silent Coldwater Mi Movie Theater films had gained a hold on the public imagination. Around the turn of the twentieth Coldwater Mi Movie Theater century, Coldwater Mi Movie Theater films Coldwater Mi Movie Theater began developing a narrative Coldwater Mi Movie Theater structure by stringing scenes together Coldwater Mi Movie Theater to tell narratives. The scenes were later broken up into multiple shots of varying sizes and angles. Other techniques such Coldwater Mi Movie Theater as camera movement were realized as effective ways to Coldwater Mi Movie Theater portray a story on film. Rather than Coldwater Mi Movie Theater leave the audience in silence, theater owners would hire Coldwater Mi Movie Theater a pianist or organist or a Coldwater Mi Movie Theater full orchestra to play Coldwater Mi Movie Theater music fitting the mood of the film at any given moment. By the early 1920s, most films came Coldwater Mi Movie Theater with a prepared list of sheet music for Coldwater Mi Movie Theater this purpose, with complete film scores Coldwater Mi Movie Theater being composed for major productions.
A shot from Georges Melies Le Voyage dans la Lune (A Trip to the Moon) (1902), an early narrative film.
The rise of Coldwater Mi Movie Theater European cinema was Coldwater Mi Movie Theater interrupted by the breakout of World War I while Coldwater Mi Movie Theater the film industry in United States Coldwater Mi Movie Theater flourished with the rise of Hollywood. However Coldwater Mi Movie Theater in the 1920s, Coldwater Mi Movie Theater European filmmakers such Coldwater Mi Movie Theater as Sergei Eisenstein, F. W. Murnau, and Coldwater Mi Movie Theater Fritz Lang, along with American innovator D. W. Griffith and the contributions of Coldwater Mi Movie Theater Charles Chaplin, Buster Keaton and others, continued to advance the medium. Coldwater Mi Movie Theater In the 1920s, new technology allowed filmmakers to attach to each film a soundtrack of speech, music and sound effects synchronized with Coldwater Mi Movie Theater the action on the screen. These sound films were initially distinguished by calling The Adventures Of Ulysses Movie them "talking pictures", or Coldwater Mi Movie Theater talkies.
The Coldwater Mi Movie Theater next major step in the development of cinema was the introduction of so-called "natural" color. While the addition of sound quickly eclipsed silent film and theater musicians, color was adopted more gradually as methods evolved making it more Coldwater Mi Movie Theater practical and cost effective to produce "natural color" Coldwater Mi Movie Theater films. The public was relatively indifferent to color photography as Coldwater Mi Movie Theater opposed to black-and-white,[citation needed] but as color processes improved and became as affordable as black-and-white film, Coldwater Mi Movie Theater more and more movies were filmed in color after the end of Coldwater Mi Movie Theater World War II, Coldwater Mi Movie Theater as the industry in America came to view color as essential to attracting audiences in its competition with television, which remained a black-and-white Coldwater Mi Movie Theater medium until the mid-1960s. By the end Coldwater Mi Movie Theater of the 1960s, col
Since the decline of the studio system in the 1960s, the succeeding decades saw changes in the production and style of film. New Hollywood, French Coldwater Mi Movie Theater New Coldwater Mi Movie Theater Wave and the rise of film school educated independent filmmakers were all part of Coldwater Mi Movie Theater the Coldwater Mi Movie Theater changes Coldwater Mi Movie Theater the medium experienced in the latter half of Coldwater Mi Movie Theater the 20th century. Digital technology has been the driving force in change throughout the 1990s and into the 21st century.
Theory
Main article: Film theory
Film theory seeks to develop concise and systematic concepts that apply to the study of film as Coldwater Mi Movie Theater art. It was started by Ricciotto Canudo's The Birth of the Sixth Art. Formalist Coldwater Mi Movie Theater film theory, led Coldwater Mi Movie Theater by Rudolf Arnheim, Bela Coldwater Mi Movie Theater Balazs, and Siegfried Kracauer, emphasized how Coldwater Mi Movie Theater film differed from reality, and thus could be considered a valid fine art. Andre Bazin Coldwater Mi Movie Theater reacted against this Coldwater Mi Movie Theater theory by arguing Coldwater Mi Movie Theater that film's artistic essence lay in its ability to mechanically reproduce reality not Coldwater Mi Movie Theater in its Coldwater Mi Movie Theater differences from reality, and this gave rise to realist Coldwater Mi Movie Theater theory. More recent analysis spurred by Lacan's psychoanalysis and Ferdinand de Saussure's semiotics among other things has given Coldwater Mi Movie Theater rise to psychoanalytical film theory, structuralist film theory, feminist film theory and others.
Criticism
Main article: Film criticism
Film criticism is the analysis and evaluation of films. In general, these works can be Coldwater Mi Movie Theater divided into two categories: academic criticism by film scholars and journalistic film criticism that appears regularly in newspapers and other media.
Film critics working for newspapers, magazines, and Coldwater Mi Movie Theater broadcast media mainly review new releases. Normally they only Coldwater Mi Movie Theater see any given film once and have only a Coldwater Mi Movie Theater day or two to formulate opinions. Coldwater Mi Movie Theater Despite this, critics have an important impact on films, especially those of certain genres. Mass marketed action, horror, Coldwater Mi Movie Theater and comedy films tend not to Coldwater Mi Movie Theater be greatly affected by a Music Movie Download critic's overall judgment of a film. The plot summary and description of a Coldwater Mi Movie Theater film that makes up the majority of any film review can still have an important impact on whether people decide to see a film. For prestige Coldwater Mi Movie Theater films such as most dramas, Coldwater Mi Movie Theater the influence of reviews is extremely important. Poor reviews Coldwater Mi Movie Theater will often doom a film to obscurity and financial loss.
The impact of a reviewer on a given film's box office Coldwater Mi Movie Theater performance is a matter of debate. Some Coldwater Mi Movie Theater claim Coldwater Mi Movie Theater that movie marketing Coldwater Mi Movie Theater Movie Memorabilia For Sale is now so intense and well financed that reviewers cannot make an impact Coldwater Mi Movie Theater against it. October Movie However, the Coldwater Mi Movie Theater cataclysmic failure of some heavily-promoted movies which were harshly reviewed, as well Coldwater Mi Movie Theater as the unexpected success of critically praised independent movies indicates that extreme critical reactions can Coldwater Mi Movie Theater have considerable influence. Others note that positive film reviews have been shown to spark interest Coldwater Mi Movie Theater in little-known films. Conversely, Coldwater Mi Movie Theater there have been several films in which film companies have so little confidence that they Coldwater Mi Movie Theater refuse to give reviewers an advanced viewing to avoid Coldwater Mi Movie Theater widespread panning Coldwater Mi Movie Theater of the film. However, this usually backfires as reviewers are wise to Coldwater Mi Movie Theater the tactic and warn the public that Coldwater Mi Movie Theater the film may not be worth seeing and the films often do poorly as a result.
It is Coldwater Mi Movie Theater argued that journalist Coldwater Mi Movie Theater film critics should only be known as film reviewers, and true film critics are those who take a more academic approach to films. Coldwater Mi Movie Theater This line of work is more often known as film theory or film studies. These film critics attempt to come to understand how film Coldwater Mi Movie Theater and filming techniques work, and what effect they have on people. Coldwater Mi Movie Theater Rather than having their works published in newspapers or appear on television, their articles are published in scholarly journals, or sometimes in up-market magazines. They also tend to be affiliated with colleges or universities.
Industry
Main article: Film industry
The making and showing of motion pictures became a source of profit almost as soon as the process was invented. Upon seeing how successful their new invention, and its product, was in Coldwater Mi Movie Theater their native France, the Lumieres quickly set about touring Coldwater Mi Movie Theater the Continent to exhibit Coldwater Mi Movie Theater the first films privately to royalty and publicly to the masses. In each country, they would normally add new, local scenes to their catalogue and, quickly enough, found Coldwater Mi Movie Theater local Coldwater Mi Movie Theater entrepreneurs in Coldwater Mi Movie Theater the various countries of Europe to buy their equipment and photograph, export, import and screen additional product commercially. The Lauren Bacall Movie Oberammergau Passion Play of 1898[citation Coldwater Mi Movie Theater needed] was the Coldwater Mi Movie Theater first commercial motion picture ever produced. Coldwater Mi Movie Theater Other pictures soon followed, and motion pictures became Coldwater Mi Movie Theater a separate industry that overshadowed the vaudeville world. Dedicated theaters and companies formed specifically to produce and distribute films, while motion picture actors became major celebrities and commanded huge fees for their performances. Already by 1917, Charlie Coldwater Mi Movie Theater Chaplin had a contract that called for an Coldwater Mi Movie Theater annual salary of one million Coldwater Mi Movie Theater dollars.
In the United States today, much of the film industry is centered around Hollywood. Other Coldwater Mi Movie Theater regional centers exist Coldwater Mi Movie Theater in many parts of the world, such as Mumbai-centered Bollywood, the Indian film Coldwater Mi Movie Theater industry's Hindi cinema which Coldwater Mi Movie Theater produces the largest number of films in the world.[1] Whether the ten thousand-plus feature length films a year produced by the Valley pornographic film industry should qualify for this title is the source of Coldwater Mi Movie Theater some debate.[citation needed] Though the expense involved in making movies has led cinema production to concentrate under the Coldwater Mi Movie Theater auspices of movie studios, recent advances in affordable film making equipment have Coldwater Mi Movie Theater allowed independent film productions to flourish.
Profit Coldwater Mi Movie Theater is a key force in the industry, due to the costly and risky nature of filmmaking; many films have Coldwater Mi Movie Theater large cost overruns, a notorious example being Kevin Costner's Waterworld. Yet many filmmakers strive to create works of lasting social significance. The Academy Awards (also known as "the Oscars") are the most prominent film awards in the United States, providing recognition each year to films, ostensibly based on their artistic merits.
There is also a large industry for educational and Coldwater Mi Movie Theater instructional Coldwater Mi Movie Theater films made in lieu of or in addition to lectures and texts.
Preview
A preview performance refers to a showing of a movie to a select audience, Coldwater Mi Movie Theater usually Coldwater Mi Movie Theater for the purposes of corporate promotions, Coldwater Mi Movie Theater before the public film premiere itself. Previews are sometimes used to judge audience reaction, which if unexpectedly negative, may result in recutting or even refilming certain sections. (cf Audience response.)
Trailer
Main article: Trailer (film)
Trailers or Coldwater Mi Movie Theater previews are film advertisements for films that will be exhibited in the future at a cinema, on whose screen they are shown. The term "trailer" comes Coldwater Mi Movie Theater from their having originally been Coldwater Mi Movie Theater shown at the end of Coldwater Mi Movie Theater a film programme. That practice did not last long, because Coldwater Mi Movie Theater patrons tended to leave the theater after the films ended, but the Coldwater Mi Movie Theater name has Coldwater Mi Movie Theater stuck. Trailers are now shown before the film (or the A Coldwater Mi Movie Theater movie in a double feature program) begins.
The nature of the film determines Coldwater Mi Movie Theater the size and type of crew required during filmmaking. Many Hollywood adventure films need computer generated imagery (CGI), created by dozens of 3D modellers, Coldwater Mi Movie Theater animators, rotoscopers and compositors. However, a low-budget, independent film may be made with a skeleton crew, often paid very little. Also, an open source Coldwater Mi Movie Theater film may be produced through open, collaborative processes. Filmmaking takes place all over the world using different technologies, styles of acting and genre, and is produced in a variety of Coldwater Mi Movie Theater economic contexts that range from state-sponsored documentary in China to Coldwater Mi Movie Theater profit-oriented movie Coldwater Mi Movie Theater making within the Coldwater Mi Movie Theater American studio system.
This production cycle typically takes three years. The first year is taken up with development. The second year Coldwater Mi Movie Theater comprises preproduction and production. The Coldwater Mi Movie Theater third year, post-production and distribution.
Crew
Main article: Film crew
A film crew is a group of people hired by a film company, employed during Coldwater Mi Movie Theater the "production" or "photography" phase, for the Coldwater Mi Movie Theater purpose Coldwater Mi Movie Theater of producing a film or motion picture. Crew are distinguished from cast, the Coldwater Mi Movie Theater actors who appear in front of the camera or provide voices for characters in the film. The crew interacts with but is also distinct from the production staff, consisting of producers, managers, company representatives, their assistants, and those whose Coldwater Mi Movie Theater primary responsibility falls in pre-production or post-production phases, such as writers and editors. Communication between production and crew generally Coldwater Mi Movie Theater passes through the director and Coldwater Mi Movie Theater his/her staff of assistants. Coldwater Mi Movie Theater Medium-to-large crews are generally divided into departments with well defined hierarchies and standards for interaction and cooperation between the departments. Other than acting, the crew handles everything in the photography phase: props and Coldwater Mi Movie Theater costumes, shooting, sound, electrics (i.e., lights), sets, and production special effects. Caterers (known in the film industry Coldwater Mi Movie Theater as Coldwater Mi Movie Theater "craft services") are usually not considered Coldwater Mi Movie Theater part of the crew.
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Technology
Film stock consists of transparent celluloid, Coldwater Mi Movie Theater acetate, Coldwater Mi Movie Theater or polyester base coated with an emulsion containing Coldwater Mi Movie Theater light-sensitive chemicals. Strapon Movie Cellulose nitrate was the first type Coldwater Mi Movie Theater of film base used to record Coldwater Mi Movie Theater motion Coldwater Mi Movie Theater pictures, but due to its flammability was eventually replaced by Coldwater Mi Movie Theater safer materials. Stock widths and the film format for images Coldwater Mi Movie Theater on the reel have had a rich history, though most large commercial films are still shot on (and distributed to theaters) as 35 mm prints.
Originally Coldwater Mi Movie Theater moving picture film was shot and Coldwater Mi Movie Theater projected at various speeds using Coldwater Mi Movie Theater hand-cranked cameras and projectors; though 1000 frames per minute (16? frame/s) is generally cited as a standard silent speed, research indicates most films were shot between 16 frame/s and 23 frame/s and projected Coldwater Mi Movie Theater from 18 frame/s on up (often reels included instructions on how fast each scene should Coldwater Mi Movie Theater be shown) [1]. When sound film was introduced in the late Coldwater Mi Movie Theater 1920s, a constant speed was required for the sound head. 24 frames per second Coldwater Mi Movie Theater was chosen Coldwater Mi Movie Theater because it was the slowest (and thus cheapest) speed which allowed for sufficient sound quality. Improvements since the late 19th century include Coldwater Mi Movie Theater the mechanization of cameras � allowing them to record Coldwater Mi Movie Theater at Coldwater Mi Movie Theater a consistent speed, quiet camera design � allowing Coldwater Mi Movie Theater sound recorded on-set to be Coldwater Mi Movie Theater usable without requiring large "blimps" to encase the camera, the invention of more sophisticated filmstocks and lenses, allowing directors to film in increasingly dim conditions, and the development of synchronized sound, allowing sound to be recorded at exactly the same speed as its corresponding action. The soundtrack Coldwater Mi Movie Theater can be recorded separately from Coldwater Mi Movie Theater Weekly Dvd Movie Releases shooting the film, but for live-action Coldwater Mi Movie Theater Movie Theater Laurie Mo pictures many parts of the soundtrack are usually recorded simultaneously.
As a Coldwater Mi Movie Theater medium, film is not limited to motion pictures, since the Coldwater Mi Movie Theater technology Coldwater Mi Movie Theater developed as the basis for photography. It can Coldwater Mi Movie Theater be used to present a progressive sequence of still images in the form of a slideshow. Film has also been incorporated into multimedia presentations, and often has importance as Coldwater Mi Movie Theater primary historical documentation. However, historic films have problems in terms of preservation and storage, and the motion picture industry is exploring many alternatives. Most movies on cellulose nitrate base have been copied onto modern safety films. Some studios save color films Coldwater Mi Movie Theater through the use of separation masters � three B&W negatives each exposed through red, green, Coldwater Mi Movie Theater or blue filters (essentially a reverse of the Technicolor Coldwater Mi Movie Theater process). Digital methods have also been used to restore films, although their continued obsolescence cycle makes them (as of 2006) a poor choice for long-term preservation. Film preservation of Coldwater Mi Movie Theater decaying film stock is a matter of concern to both film historians and archivists, and to companies interested in preserving their existing products in order to make them available to future Coldwater Mi Movie Theater generations (and thereby increase revenue). Preservation is generally a higher-concern Coldwater Mi Movie Theater for nitrate Coldwater Mi Movie Theater and single-strip color films, due to their high decay rates; black and white films on safety bases Coldwater Mi Movie Theater and color films preserved on Technicolor imbibition prints tend to keep up much better, assuming proper handling and storage.
Some films Coldwater Mi Movie Theater in recent decades have been recorded using analog video Coldwater Mi Movie Theater technology similar to that Coldwater Mi Movie Theater used Coldwater Mi Movie Theater in television Coldwater Mi Movie Theater production. Modern digital video cameras and Coldwater Mi Movie Theater digital projectors are gaining ground as well. These approaches are extremely beneficial to moviemakers, Coldwater Mi Movie Theater especially because footage can be Coldwater Mi Movie Theater evaluated and edited without waiting for the film stock to be processed. Yet the migration is gradual, and as of 2005 most major motion Pathfinder Movie pictures Coldwater Mi Movie Theater are still recorded on film.
Independent
Main article: Independent film
The Lumiere Brothers
Independent filmmaking often Coldwater Mi Movie Theater takes place outside of Hollywood, or other major studio systems. An independent film (or indie Coldwater Mi Movie Theater film) is a film initially produced without financing or Coldwater Mi Movie Theater distribution from Coldwater Mi Movie Theater a major movie studio. Creative, business, and technological reasons have all Coldwater Mi Movie Theater contributed to the growth of Coldwater Mi Movie Theater the indie film scene in the late 20th and early 21st century.
On Coldwater Mi Movie Theater the business side, the costs of big-budget studio films also leads to conservative choices in cast and crew. There is a trend in Hollywood towards co-financing (over two-thirds of Coldwater Mi Movie Theater the films put out by Warner Bros. in 2000 were joint ventures, up from 10% in 1987).[2] A hopeful director is almost never given the opportunity to get a job on a big-budget studio film unless he Coldwater Mi Movie Theater or she has significant industry Coldwater Mi Movie Theater experience in film or television. Also, the studios Coldwater Mi Movie Theater rarely produce films Coldwater Mi Movie Theater with unknown actors, particularly in lead roles.
Before the advent of digital alternatives, the cost of professional film equipment and stock was also a hurdle to being able to produce, direct, or star in a traditional studio film. Coldwater Mi Movie Theater The cost of 35 mm film is outpacing inflation: in 2002 alone, Coldwater Mi Movie Theater film negative costs were up 23%, Coldwater Mi Movie Theater according to Variety.[2].
But the advent of consumer camcorders in Coldwater Mi Movie Theater 1985, and more importantly, the arrival Coldwater Mi Movie Theater Rocky Balboa The Movie of high-resolution digital video in the Coldwater Mi Movie Theater early Coldwater Mi Movie Theater 1990s, Coldwater Mi Movie Theater have lowered Coldwater Mi Movie Theater the technology barrier to movie production significantly. Both production and post-production costs have been significantly lowered; today, the hardware and software for post-production can be Coldwater Mi Movie Theater installed in a commodity-based personal computer. Technologies such as DVDs, Coldwater Mi Movie Theater FireWire connections and non-linear editing system pro-level software like Adobe Coldwater Mi Movie Theater Premiere Pro, Sony Vegas and Apple's Final Cut Pro, and consumer Coldwater Mi Movie Theater level software such as Coldwater Mi Movie Theater Apple's Final Cut Express and iMovie make movie-making relatively inexpensive.
Since the introduction of DV technology, the means of production have become more democratized. Filmmakers can conceivably shoot and edit a movie, create and edit the sound and music, and mix the Coldwater Mi Movie Theater final Coldwater Mi Movie Theater cut on a home computer. However, while the means of production may be democratized, financing, distribution, and marketing remain difficult to accomplish outside the traditional system. Most independent filmmakers Coldwater Mi Movie Theater rely on film festivals to get their films noticed and sold for distribution. The arrival of internet-based Coldwater Mi Movie Theater video outlets such as YouTube and Veoh has further changed the film making landscape in ways Coldwater Mi Movie Theater that are still to be determined.
Open content film
Main article: Open content film
An open content film is much like an independent film, but Coldwater Mi Movie Theater it is produced through open collaborations; Coldwater Mi Movie Theater its source material is available Coldwater Mi Movie Theater under a license which is permissive enough to allow other parties Coldwater Mi Movie Theater to create fan fiction or derivative works, than a traditional copyright. Like independent Coldwater Mi Movie Theater filmmaking, open source filmmaking takes place outside of Coldwater Mi Movie Theater Hollywood, or other major studio systems.
Fan film
Main Coldwater Mi Movie Theater article: Fan film
A fan film is a film or video inspired by a film, television program, comic book or a similar source, created by fans rather than Coldwater Mi Movie Theater by the source's copyright holders or Coldwater Mi Movie Theater creators. Coldwater Mi Movie Theater Fan filmmakers have traditionally been amateurs, but some of the more notable films have actually been produced by professional filmmakers as film school class projects or as demonstration reels. Fan Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie films vary Coldwater Mi Movie Theater tremendously in length, from short faux-teaser trailers for non-existent motion pictures to rarer full-length motion pictures
Animation is the technique in which each frame of a film is produced individually, whether generated as a computer graphic, or by Coldwater Mi Movie Theater photographing a drawn image, or by repeatedly making small changes to a model unit (see claymation and stop motion), and then photographing the result with a special animation camera. When the frames are strung Coldwater Mi Movie Theater together and the resulting film is viewed at a Coldwater Mi Movie Theater speed of 16 or Coldwater Mi Movie Theater more frames per second, there Coldwater Mi Movie Theater is an illusion of continuous movement (due to the persistence of vision). Generating such a film is very labour intensive and tedious, though the development of computer animation has greatly sped Coldwater Mi Movie Theater up the process.
File formats like GIF, QuickTime, Shockwave and Flash allow animation to be viewed on a computer or over the Internet.
Because animation is very time-consuming Coldwater Mi Movie Theater and often very expensive to produce, the majority of animation for TV and movies comes from professional animation studios. However, Coldwater Mi Movie Theater the field of independent animation has existed at least since the 1950s, with animation being produced by independent studios (and sometimes by a single person). Several independent animation producers have gone on to enter the professional animation industry.
Limited animation Coldwater Mi Movie Theater is a way of increasing production and decreasing costs of animation by using "short cuts" in the Coldwater Mi Movie Theater animation process. This method was pioneered by UPA and popularized by Hanna-Barbera, and adapted by other studios as cartoons moved from movie theaters to television.[3]
Although most animation studios are now using digital technologies in their productions, there is a specific style of animation that depends on film. Cameraless animation, made famous by moviemakers like Coldwater Mi Movie Theater Norman Coldwater Mi Movie Theater McLaren, Len Lye and Stan Brakhage, is painted and drawn directly onto pieces of film, and then run through a projector.
Venues
When it is initially produced, a feature film is often shown to audiences in a movie theater or cinema. The Coldwater Mi Movie Theater first theater designed exclusively for cinema opened in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in 1905.[4] Thousands of such theaters were built or converted from existing facilities within a few Coldwater Mi Movie Theater years.[5] In the United States, these theaters came to be known as nickelodeons, because admission typically cost a nickel (five cents).
Typically, one film is the featured presentation (or feature film). Before the 1970s, there were "double features"; typically, a high quality "A picture" Coldwater Mi Movie Theater rented by an independent theater for a lump Coldwater Mi Movie Theater sum, and a "B picture" Coldwater Mi Movie Theater of lower Coldwater Mi Movie Theater quality Coldwater Mi Movie Theater rented for a percentage of the gross receipts. Today, Coldwater Mi Movie Theater the bulk of the material shown before the feature film Coldwater Mi Movie Theater consists of previews for upcoming movies and paid advertisements (also known as trailers or "The Twenty").
Historically, all mass marketed feature films were Coldwater Mi Movie Theater made to be shown in movie theaters. The development of television has allowed films to be broadcast to larger audiences, usually after the film is Coldwater Mi Movie Theater no longer being shown in theaters. Recording technology has Coldwater Mi Movie Theater also enabled consumers to rent or buy copies of Coldwater Mi Movie Theater films on VHS or DVD Coldwater Mi Movie Theater (and Coldwater Mi Movie Theater the older formats of laserdisc, VCD and SelectaVision Coldwater Mi Movie Theater � see also videodisc), and Internet downloads may be available and have started Coldwater Mi Movie Theater to become revenue Coldwater Mi Movie Theater sources for the film companies. Some films are now Coldwater Mi Movie Theater made Coldwater Mi Movie Theater specifically for these other venues, being Coldwater Mi Movie Theater released as made-for-TV movies or direct-to-video movies. Coldwater Mi Movie Theater The production values on these films are often Movie Times Sacramento considered to be of inferior quality compared to theatrical releases in Coldwater Mi Movie Theater similar genres, Coldwater Mi Movie Theater and indeed, some films that are rejected by their own studios upon completion are distributed through these markets.
The movie theater pays an average Movie Independence Day of about 50-55% of its ticket sales to the movie studio, as film rental fees.[6] The actual percentage starts with a number higher than that, and decreases as the duration of a Coldwater Mi Movie Theater film's showing continues, as an incentive to theaters to keep movies in the theater longer. However, today's barrage Coldwater Mi Movie Theater of highly marketed movies Coldwater Mi Movie Theater ensures that most movies are shown in first-run theaters for less than 8 weeks. There are a few movies every year that Coldwater Mi Movie Theater defy this rule, often Coldwater Mi Movie Theater limited-release movies that start in only a few theaters and actually grow their theater count through good Coldwater Mi Movie Theater word-of-mouth and reviews. According to Coldwater Mi Movie Theater a 2000 study by Coldwater Mi Movie Theater ABN AMRO, about 26% of Hollywood movie studios' worldwide income came from box office ticket sales; 46% Coldwater Mi Movie Theater came from VHS and DVD sales to consumers; and 28% came Coldwater Mi Movie Theater from television (broadcast, cable, and pay-per-view).[6]
Future Coldwater Mi Movie Theater state
While motion Coldwater Mi Movie Theater picture Coldwater Mi Movie Theater films have been around for Coldwater Mi Movie Theater more than a century, film is still a relative newcomer in the pantheon Coldwater Mi Movie Theater of fine arts. In the 1950s, when television became widely available, industry analysts predicted the demise Coldwater Mi Movie Theater of local movie theaters. Despite competition from television's increasing technological sophistication over the 1960s and 1970s, such as the development of color television and large screens, motion picture cinemas continued. In the 1980s, when Coldwater Mi Movie Theater the widespread Coldwater Mi Movie Theater availability of inexpensive videocassette Coldwater Mi Movie Theater recorders enabled Coldwater Mi Movie Theater people to select films for home viewing, industry analysts Coldwater Mi Movie Theater again wrongly predicted Coldwater Mi Movie Theater the death Coldwater Mi Movie Theater of the Coldwater Mi Movie Theater local cinemas.
In the 1990s and 2000s Coldwater Mi Movie Theater the development Coldwater Mi Movie Theater of digital DVD players, home theater amplification systems Coldwater Mi Movie Theater with |
