Film is a term Rocky Balboa The Movie that encompasses individual motion pictures, Rocky Balboa The Movie the field Rocky Balboa The Movie of film as an art form, Rocky Balboa The Movie and the motion picture industry. Rocky Balboa The Movie Films are Rocky Balboa The Movie produced by recording Rocky Balboa The Movie images Rocky Balboa The Movie from the world with cameras, or by creating Rocky Balboa The Movie images using animation techniques or special effects.
Films are cultural artifacts created by specific cultures, which Rocky Balboa The Movie reflect those cultures, and, Rocky Balboa The Movie in turn, affect Rocky Balboa The Movie them. Film is Rocky Balboa The Movie considered to be an important art form, a Rocky Balboa The Movie source of popular entertainment and a powerful method for educating � or indoctrinating � citizens. Rocky Balboa The Movie The visual elements of cinema gives motion pictures a universal power of communication. Some films have become popular worldwide attractions by using dubbing or subtitles that translate the Rocky Balboa The Movie dialogue.
Traditional films are Rocky Balboa The Movie made up of a series of individual images called frames. When Rocky Balboa The Movie these images are shown rapidly in succession, a viewer has the illusion that motion is occurring. The viewer cannot see the flickering between Rocky Balboa The Movie frames due to an effect known as Rocky Balboa The Movie persistence of vision, Rocky Balboa The Movie whereby the eye retains a
The origin of Rocky Balboa The Movie the name "film" comes from the fact that photographic film (also called film stock) had historically been the primary medium for recording and displaying motion pictures. Many other terms exist Rocky Balboa The Movie for an individual motion picture, including picture, picture show, photo-play, flick, and Rocky Balboa The Movie most commonly, movie. Additional terms for the field in general include the big screen, the silver screen, the cinema, and the movies.In the 1860s, mechanisms for producing artificially created, two-dimensional images in motion were demonstrated with devices such Rocky Balboa The Movie as the zoetrope and the praxinoscope. These machines were outgrowths of simple Rocky Balboa The Movie optical devices (such as Rocky Balboa The Movie magic lanterns) and would display sequences of still pictures at sufficient speed for the images on the pictures to appear to be moving, a phenomenon called persistence of vision. Naturally, the images needed to be Rocky Balboa The Movie carefully Rocky Balboa The Movie designed to achieve the desired effect � and the underlying principle became the basis for the development of film animation.
A frame from Roundhay Garden Scene, the world's earliest film, by Louis Le Prince, Rocky Balboa The Movie 1888
With the development of Rocky Balboa The Movie celluloid film for Rocky Balboa The Movie still photography, it became possible Rocky Balboa The Movie to directly capture objects in motion in Rocky Balboa The Movie real time. Early versions Rocky Balboa The Movie of the technology sometimes required a person to look into a viewing machine to see the pictures which were separate paper prints attached Rocky Balboa The Movie to a drum turned by a handcrank. The pictures were shown at a variable speed Rocky Balboa The Movie of about 5 to 10 pictures per second depending on how rapidly the crank was turned. Some of these machines were Rocky Balboa The Movie coin operated. By the 1880s, the development of the motion picture camera allowed the individual component images to be captured and stored on a single reel, and led quickly to the development of a motion picture Rocky Balboa The Movie projector Rocky Balboa The Movie to shine light through the processed Rocky Balboa The Movie and printed film and magnify these "moving picture shows" onto a screen for an entire audience. These reels, so exhibited, came to be Rocky Balboa The Movie known as "motion pictures". Early motion pictures were static shots that showed an event or action with no editing or other cinematic techniques.
Ignoring Dickson's early Rocky Balboa The Movie sound experiments (1894), commercial motion pictures were purely visual art through the late 19th century, but these innovative silent films had gained a hold Rocky Balboa The Movie on the public imagination. Around the turn of the twentieth century, films began developing a narrative structure by stringing scenes together to tell Rocky Balboa The Movie narratives. The Rocky Balboa The Movie scenes were later broken up into multiple Rocky Balboa The Movie shots of varying sizes and angles. Other techniques such as camera movement were realized as effective ways to portray a story on film. Rather than leave the audience in silence, theater owners would hire a pianist or organist or a full orchestra to play music fitting the mood of Rocky Balboa The Movie the film at any given moment. By the early 1920s, most films Rocky Balboa The Movie came with a Rocky Balboa The Movie prepared list of sheet music for this Rocky Balboa The Movie purpose, Rocky Balboa The Movie with complete film scores being composed for major productions.
A shot from Georges Melies Le Voyage dans la Lune (A Trip to Rocky Balboa The Movie the Moon) (1902), an early narrative film.
The rise of European cinema Rocky Balboa The Movie was interrupted by the breakout of World War I while the Rocky Balboa The Movie film industry in United Rocky Balboa The Movie States flourished with the rise of Hollywood. However in the 1920s, European filmmakers such as Sergei Eisenstein, F. W. Murnau, and Fritz Lang, along with American innovator D. W. Griffith and the contributions of Charles Chaplin, Buster Keaton and others, continued to advance the medium. In the 1920s, new technology allowed filmmakers to attach Rocky Balboa The Movie to each film a soundtrack of speech, music and sound effects synchronized with the Rocky Balboa The Movie action on the Rocky Balboa The Movie screen. These sound films were Rocky Balboa The Movie initially distinguished Rocky Balboa The Movie by calling them "talking pictures", or talkies.
The next major step in the development of cinema was the introduction Rocky Balboa The Movie of so-called "natural" color. While the addition of sound Rocky Balboa The Movie quickly eclipsed silent film Rocky Balboa The Movie and theater musicians, color Rocky Balboa The Movie was adopted more gradually as methods evolved making it more Rocky Balboa The Movie practical and cost effective to produce "natural color" films. The Rocky Balboa The Movie public was Rocky Balboa The Movie relatively Rocky Balboa The Movie indifferent to color photography as opposed to black-and-white,[citation needed] but as color processes improved and became as affordable as black-and-white film, more and more movies were filmed in color after the end of World War II, as the Rocky Balboa The Movie industry in America came to Rocky Balboa The Movie view color as essential to attracting audiences in its competition with television, which remained a Rocky Balboa The Movie black-and-white medium until Rocky Balboa The Movie the mid-1960s. By the end of the 1960s, col
Since the decline of the Rocky Balboa The Movie studio system in the 1960s, the succeeding decades saw Rocky Balboa The Movie changes in Rocky Balboa The Movie the production Rocky Balboa The Movie and style of film. New Hollywood, Rocky Balboa The Movie French New Rocky Balboa The Movie Wave and the rise of film school educated independent filmmakers were all part of the changes the medium experienced in the latter half of the 20th century. Digital technology has been the Rocky Balboa The Movie driving Rocky Balboa The Movie force in change throughout the 1990s and Rocky Balboa The Movie into the 21st century.
Theory
Main article: Film theory
Film theory seeks to develop Rocky Balboa The Movie concise and systematic concepts that apply to the study of film as art. It was started by Ricciotto Canudo's The Birth of Rocky Balboa The Movie the Sixth Art. Formalist film theory, led by Rudolf Arnheim, Bela Balazs, and Siegfried Kracauer, emphasized how film differed from reality, and thus could be considered a valid fine art. Andre Bazin reacted against this theory by arguing that film's artistic essence lay in its ability to mechanically reproduce reality not in its differences Rocky Balboa The Movie from reality, and this gave rise to realist theory. More Rocky Balboa The Movie recent analysis spurred by Lacan's psychoanalysis and Ferdinand de Saussure's semiotics among other things Rocky Balboa The Movie has Rocky Balboa The Movie given rise to psychoanalytical film theory, structuralist film Rocky Balboa The Movie theory, feminist film theory and others.
Criticism
Main article: Film criticism
Film criticism is the analysis and evaluation of films. In general, these works can be divided into two categories: academic criticism by Rocky Balboa The Movie film scholars and journalistic film criticism Rocky Balboa The Movie that appears regularly in newspapers and other media.
Film critics Rocky Balboa The Movie working for Rocky Balboa The Movie newspapers, magazines, and broadcast media mainly review new releases. Normally they Rocky Balboa The Movie only see any given film once and have only a day or two to formulate opinions. Despite this, critics have an important impact on Rocky Balboa The Movie films, especially those of certain genres. Mass marketed action, horror, and comedy films tend not to be greatly affected by a critic's overall judgment of Rocky Balboa The Movie a film. The plot summary and description of a film that makes up the Rocky Balboa The Movie majority of Rocky Balboa The Movie any film review can still have an important impact on Rocky Balboa The Movie whether people decide to see a film. For prestige films such as most dramas, Rocky Balboa The Movie the influence of reviews is extremely important. Poor reviews will often doom a film Rocky Balboa The Movie to obscurity and Rocky Balboa The Movie financial loss.
The impact of a reviewer on a given Rocky Balboa The Movie film's box Rocky Balboa The Movie office performance is Rocky Balboa The Movie a matter of debate. Some claim that movie marketing is now so Rocky Balboa The Movie intense and well financed that reviewers cannot make Rocky Balboa The Movie an impact against it. However, the cataclysmic failure of Rocky Balboa The Movie some heavily-promoted movies which were harshly reviewed, as well as the unexpected success of Rocky Balboa The Movie critically praised independent movies indicates that extreme critical reactions can have considerable influence. Others note that positive film reviews Rocky Balboa The Movie have been shown to spark interest in little-known films. Conversely, there have been several films in which film companies have so little confidence that they refuse to give reviewers an advanced viewing to avoid Rocky Balboa The Movie widespread panning of the film. However, this usually backfires as reviewers are wise to the tactic and warn the public that the film may not be worth seeing and the films often do Rocky Balboa The Movie poorly as a result.
It is argued that journalist film critics should only Rocky Balboa The Movie be known as film reviewers, and true film critics are those who take a more academic approach to films. This line of work Rocky Balboa The Movie is more often known as Rocky Balboa The Movie film theory or Rocky Balboa The Movie film studies. These film critics attempt to come to understand how film and filming techniques work, and Rocky Balboa The Movie what effect they have on people. Rather than having their works published in newspapers or appear Rocky Balboa The Movie on television, Rocky Balboa The Movie their articles are published in scholarly journals, or sometimes in up-market magazines. They also tend to be affiliated with colleges Rocky Balboa The Movie or universities.
Industry
Main article: Film industry
The making and showing of motion pictures became a source of profit almost as soon as the process was Rocky Balboa The Movie invented. Upon seeing how successful their Rocky Balboa The Movie new invention, and its Rocky Balboa The Movie product, was in their native France, the Lumieres quickly set about touring the Continent to exhibit the first films privately to royalty and Rocky Balboa The Movie publicly to the masses. In each country, Rocky Balboa The Movie they would normally add new, Rocky Balboa The Movie local scenes to their catalogue and, quickly enough, found local entrepreneurs Rocky Balboa The Movie in the various countries Rocky Balboa The Movie of Europe to buy Rocky Balboa The Movie their equipment and photograph, Rocky Balboa The Movie export, import and Rocky Balboa The Movie screen additional Rocky Balboa The Movie product commercially. The Oberammergau Passion Play of 1898[citation needed] was the first commercial motion picture ever produced. Other pictures soon followed, and motion pictures became a separate industry that overshadowed the vaudeville world. Dedicated theaters and Music Movie Download companies formed specifically to produce and distribute films, while motion picture actors became Rocky Balboa The Movie major celebrities and commanded huge fees for their performances. Already Rocky Balboa The Movie by 1917, Charlie Chaplin had Rocky Balboa The Movie a contract that called for an annual salary of one million dollars.
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In the United States today, much of Rocky Balboa The Movie the Rocky Balboa The Movie film industry is Rocky Balboa The Movie centered around Hollywood. Other regional centers exist in many parts of the Rocky Balboa The Movie world, such as Mumbai-centered Bollywood, the Indian film industry's Hindi cinema Rocky Balboa The Movie which produces the largest number of films in the world.[1] Whether the Rocky Balboa The Movie ten thousand-plus feature length films a year produced by the Valley pornographic film industry should qualify for this title is Rocky Balboa The Movie the source of some debate.[citation needed] Though Rocky Balboa The Movie the expense involved in making movies has led cinema production to concentrate under the auspices Rocky Balboa The Movie of movie studios, Rocky Balboa The Movie recent Rocky Balboa The Movie advances in affordable film making equipment have allowed independent film Rocky Balboa The Movie productions to flourish.
Profit is a key Rocky Balboa The Movie force in the industry, due to the costly and risky nature of filmmaking; many films have large cost overruns, a notorious example being Kevin Costner's Waterworld. Yet many Movie Memorabilia For Sale filmmakers Rocky Balboa The Movie strive to create works of lasting social significance. The Academy Awards (also known as "the Oscars") Rocky Balboa The Movie are the most prominent film awards in the United States, providing Rocky Balboa The Movie recognition each year to films, ostensibly based on their artistic merits.
There is also a large industry for educational and instructional films made in lieu of Rocky Balboa The Movie or in addition to lectures and texts.
Preview
A preview performance refers to Rocky Balboa The Movie a showing of a movie to a select audience, usually for the purposes of corporate promotions, before the public film premiere itself. Previews are Rocky Balboa The Movie sometimes used to judge audience reaction, which Rocky Balboa The Movie if Rocky Balboa The Movie unexpectedly Rocky Balboa The Movie negative, may result in recutting or even Rocky Balboa The Movie refilming certain sections. (cf Audience response.)
Trailer
Main article: Trailer (film)
Trailers or Rocky Balboa The Movie previews are film advertisements for films that will be exhibited in the future at a cinema, on whose screen Rocky Balboa The Movie they are shown. The term "trailer" comes from their having originally been shown at the end of a film programme. That practice Rocky Balboa The Movie did not last long, October Movie because patrons tended to leave the theater after the films ended, Rocky Balboa The Movie but the Rocky Balboa The Movie name has stuck. Trailers are now shown before the film (or the A movie in a double feature program) Rocky Balboa The Movie begins.
The nature of the film determines Rocky Balboa The Movie the size and type of crew required during filmmaking. Many Hollywood adventure Rocky Balboa The Movie films need computer generated imagery (CGI), created by dozens of 3D modellers, animators, Rocky Balboa The Movie rotoscopers and compositors. However, a low-budget, independent film may be Rocky Balboa The Movie made with a skeleton crew, often paid very little. Also, an Rocky Balboa The Movie open source film may be produced through open, collaborative processes. Filmmaking Rocky Balboa The Movie takes place all over the world using different technologies, styles of acting and genre, and is produced in a variety of economic contexts that range from state-sponsored documentary in China Rocky Balboa The Movie to profit-oriented movie making within the American studio system.
This production cycle typically takes Rocky Balboa The Movie three years. The first year is taken up with development. The second year comprises preproduction and production. The third year, post-production and distribution.
Crew
Main article: Film crew
A film crew is a group of people hired Rocky Balboa The Movie by Rocky Balboa The Movie a film company, employed during the "production" or "photography" phase, for the purpose of producing a film or motion picture. Crew are distinguished from cast, the actors who appear in front of the camera or provide Rocky Balboa The Movie voices for characters in the Rocky Balboa The Movie film. The crew interacts with but is also distinct from the production staff, consisting Rocky Balboa The Movie of producers, managers, company representatives, their assistants, and those whose primary Rocky Balboa The Movie responsibility falls in pre-production or Rocky Balboa The Movie post-production Rocky Balboa The Movie phases, such as writers Rocky Balboa The Movie and editors. Communication between production and crew generally passes through the director and his/her staff of assistants. Medium-to-large crews are generally divided into departments with well defined hierarchies and standards for interaction and cooperation between Rocky Balboa The Movie the departments. Other than acting, the crew handles everything in the photography phase: props and costumes, shooting, sound, electrics (i.e., Rocky Balboa The Movie lights), sets, and production Rocky Balboa The Movie special effects. Caterers (known Rocky Balboa The Movie in the film industry as "craft services") are usually not considered part of the crew.
Technology
Film stock consists of transparent celluloid, acetate, or polyester base coated with an emulsion containing light-sensitive chemicals. Cellulose nitrate was the first type of film base used to record motion pictures, but due to its flammability was eventually replaced by Rocky Balboa The Movie safer materials. Rocky Balboa The Movie Stock widths and the film format for images Rocky Balboa The Movie on the reel have had a rich history, though most large Rocky Balboa The Movie commercial films are still shot on (and distributed to theaters) as Rocky Balboa The Movie 35 mm prints.
Originally moving picture Rocky Balboa The Movie film was shot and projected at various speeds using hand-cranked cameras and projectors; though 1000 frames per minute (16? frame/s) is generally cited as a standard silent speed, research indicates most films were shot between 16 frame/s and 23 frame/s and Rocky Balboa The Movie projected from 18 frame/s on up (often reels included instructions Rocky Balboa The Movie on how fast each scene should be shown) [1]. When sound Rocky Balboa The Movie film was introduced in Rocky Balboa The Movie the late 1920s, a constant speed was required Rocky Balboa The Movie for the sound head. 24 frames per second was chosen Rocky Balboa The Movie because it was the slowest (and Rocky Balboa The Movie thus cheapest) speed which allowed for sufficient sound quality. Improvements since the late 19th century include Rocky Balboa The Movie the mechanization of cameras � allowing them to record at a Rocky Balboa The Movie consistent speed, quiet camera design � allowing sound recorded on-set to be Rocky Balboa The Movie usable without requiring large "blimps" to Rocky Balboa The Movie encase the camera, the invention of more sophisticated filmstocks and lenses, allowing directors to film in increasingly dim conditions, and the Rocky Balboa The Movie development of Rocky Balboa The Movie synchronized sound, allowing sound to be recorded at exactly the same speed as its corresponding action. The soundtrack can be recorded separately from shooting the film, but for Rocky Balboa The Movie live-action pictures many parts of the soundtrack are usually Rocky Balboa The Movie recorded simultaneously.
As a Rocky Balboa The Movie medium, film is not limited to motion pictures, since the technology developed Rocky Balboa The Movie as the basis for photography. Rocky Balboa The Movie It can be used to present Rocky Balboa The Movie a progressive sequence of still images in the form of a slideshow. Film has also been incorporated into multimedia presentations, and often has importance as primary historical documentation. However, historic films have problems in terms of preservation Rocky Balboa The Movie and storage, and the motion picture Rocky Balboa The Movie industry is exploring many alternatives. Most movies on cellulose nitrate base have been copied onto modern safety films. Some studios save color films through the use Rocky Balboa The Movie of separation masters � three B&W negatives each exposed through red, green, or blue filters (essentially a Lauren Bacall Movie reverse of the Technicolor process). Rocky Balboa The Movie Digital methods have also been used to restore films, although their continued obsolescence cycle makes them (as of 2006) a poor choice for long-term preservation. Film preservation of decaying Rocky Balboa The Movie film stock is a matter of concern to Rocky Balboa The Movie both film historians and archivists, and to companies interested in preserving their existing products in Rocky Balboa The Movie order to make them available to future generations (and thereby increase revenue). Preservation is generally a higher-concern for nitrate and single-strip color Rocky Balboa The Movie films, due to their high decay Rocky Balboa The Movie rates; black and Rocky Balboa The Movie white films on safety bases and color films preserved on Technicolor imbibition prints tend to keep up much better, assuming proper Rocky Balboa The Movie handling and storage.
Some Rocky Balboa The Movie films in Rocky Balboa The Movie recent decades Rocky Balboa The Movie have been recorded Rocky Balboa The Movie using analog Rocky Balboa The Movie video technology similar to that used Rocky Balboa The Movie in television production. Modern digital video cameras and digital projectors are gaining ground as well. These approaches are extremely Rocky Balboa The Movie beneficial to Rocky Balboa The Movie moviemakers, especially because footage can be evaluated and edited without waiting for the Rocky Balboa The Movie film stock to be processed. Yet Rocky Balboa The Movie the migration is gradual, and as of 2005 most major motion pictures are still recorded on film.
Independent
Main article: Independent Rocky Balboa The Movie film
The Lumiere Brothers
Independent filmmaking often takes place outside of Hollywood, Rocky Balboa The Movie or other major studio systems. An independent film (or indie film) is a film initially produced Rocky Balboa The Movie without financing or Rocky Balboa The Movie distribution from a major movie studio. Creative, business, Rocky Balboa The Movie and technological reasons have all contributed to the growth of the indie film scene in the late 20th and early 21st century.
On the business side, the costs Rocky Balboa The Movie of big-budget studio films also leads to conservative choices in cast and Rocky Balboa The Movie crew. Rocky Balboa The Movie There is a trend in Hollywood towards co-financing (over two-thirds of the Rocky Balboa The Movie films put out by Warner Bros. in 2000 were joint ventures, up from 10% in 1987).[2] A hopeful Rocky Balboa The Movie director is almost never given the opportunity Rocky Balboa The Movie to get a job on a big-budget studio film unless he Rocky Balboa The Movie or she has significant Rocky Balboa The Movie industry experience in film or television. Also, the studios rarely produce films with unknown Rocky Balboa The Movie actors, particularly in Rocky Balboa The Movie lead roles.
Before the advent of digital alternatives, the cost of professional film equipment and stock was also a hurdle to being able to produce, Rocky Balboa The Movie direct, or star in a traditional studio film. The cost of Rocky Balboa The Movie 35 mm film is outpacing inflation: in 2002 alone, film negative costs were up 23%, according to Variety.[2].
But the advent of consumer camcorders in 1985, and more Rocky Balboa The Movie importantly, the arrival of high-resolution digital video in the early Rocky Balboa The Movie 1990s, have lowered the Rocky Balboa The Movie technology barrier to movie production significantly. Both production and post-production costs have been significantly lowered; today, the hardware and software for post-production can be installed in a commodity-based personal computer. Technologies such as DVDs, FireWire connections and non-linear editing system pro-level software like Adobe Premiere Rocky Balboa The Movie Pro, Sony Rocky Balboa The Movie Vegas and Apple's Final Cut Pro, and consumer level software such Rocky Balboa The Movie as Rocky Balboa The Movie Apple's Final Cut Rocky Balboa The Movie Express and Rocky Balboa The Movie iMovie make Rocky Balboa The Movie movie-making relatively Rocky Balboa The Movie inexpensive.
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Since the introduction of DV technology, the means of production have become more democratized. Filmmakers can conceivably shoot and edit a movie, create Rocky Balboa The Movie and edit the sound and music, and mix the Rocky Balboa The Movie final cut on a home computer. However, while the means of production may Rocky Balboa The Movie be democratized, financing, distribution, and marketing remain difficult Rocky Balboa The Movie to accomplish outside the traditional system. Most independent Rocky Balboa The Movie filmmakers Rocky Balboa The Movie rely on film festivals to get their films noticed and Rocky Balboa The Movie sold for distribution. The arrival of internet-based video outlets such as YouTube and Veoh has further changed the film making landscape in Rocky Balboa The Movie ways that are still to be determined.
Open content film
Main article: Strapon Movie Open content film
An open content film is much like an independent film, but it is produced through open collaborations; Rocky Balboa The Movie its source material is Rocky Balboa The Movie available under a license which is permissive enough to allow other parties to create fan fiction or derivative works, than a traditional copyright. Like independent filmmaking, open source filmmaking takes place outside of Hollywood, or other major studio systems.
Fan film
Main article: Fan film
A fan film Rocky Balboa The Movie is a film or video inspired by a film, television program, comic book or a similar source, created by fans rather than by the source's copyright holders or creators. Rocky Balboa The Movie Fan filmmakers have traditionally been amateurs, but some of the more notable films have actually been produced by professional filmmakers as film school class projects or as Rocky Balboa The Movie demonstration reels. Fan films Rocky Balboa The Movie vary tremendously in length, from Rocky Balboa The Movie short faux-teaser trailers for non-existent motion pictures to rarer full-length Rocky Balboa The Movie motion Rocky Balboa The Movie pictures
Animation is the technique in which each frame of a film is produced individually, whether generated as a computer graphic, or by photographing a drawn image, or by repeatedly making small changes to a model unit (see claymation Rocky Balboa The Movie and stop motion), and then photographing the result with a special animation camera. When the frames are strung together and the resulting film is viewed at a speed of 16 or more frames per Rocky Balboa The Movie second, there is an illusion of continuous movement (due to the persistence of vision). Generating such a film Rocky Balboa The Movie is very labour intensive and Rocky Balboa The Movie tedious, though the development of Rocky Balboa The Movie computer Rocky Balboa The Movie animation Weekly Dvd Movie Releases has greatly sped up the Rocky Balboa The Movie process.
File formats like GIF, QuickTime, Shockwave and Flash allow animation to be viewed on a computer or over the Internet.
Because animation is very time-consuming and often very Rocky Balboa The Movie expensive to produce, the majority of animation for TV and movies comes from professional animation studios. However, the field of independent animation has Rocky Balboa The Movie existed at Rocky Balboa The Movie least since Rocky Balboa The Movie the 1950s, with animation being produced by independent studios (and sometimes by a single person). Several independent animation producers have gone on to enter the professional animation industry.
Limited animation is a way of Rocky Balboa The Movie increasing production and decreasing costs of animation by using "short cuts" in the animation process. This method was pioneered Rocky Balboa The Movie by UPA and popularized by Hanna-Barbera, and adapted by other Rocky Balboa The Movie studios Rocky Balboa The Movie as cartoons moved from movie theaters to television.[3]
Although most Rocky Balboa The Movie animation studios Rocky Balboa The Movie are now using digital technologies in their Rocky Balboa The Movie productions, there is a specific style of animation that depends on film. Cameraless animation, made famous by moviemakers like Norman McLaren, Len Lye and Stan Brakhage, is painted and drawn Rocky Balboa The Movie directly onto pieces of film, and then run through a projector.
Venues
When it is initially produced, a feature film is often shown to Movie Theater Laurie Mo audiences in a movie theater or cinema. The first theater designed exclusively for Rocky Balboa The Movie cinema opened in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in 1905.[4] Thousands of such Rocky Balboa The Movie theaters were Rocky Balboa The Movie built or converted from existing facilities within a few years.[5] In the United States, these theaters came to Rocky Balboa The Movie be known as nickelodeons, because admission typically cost a nickel (five cents).
Typically, one film is Rocky Balboa The Movie the featured presentation (or feature film). Before the 1970s, there were "double features"; typically, a high quality Rocky Balboa The Movie "A picture" rented by an independent theater for a Rocky Balboa The Movie lump sum, and a "B picture" of lower quality rented for a percentage of the gross receipts. Rocky Balboa The Movie Today, Rocky Balboa The Movie the bulk of the material shown Rocky Balboa The Movie before the feature film consists of previews for upcoming movies and Rocky Balboa The Movie paid advertisements (also known as trailers or "The Twenty").
Historically, all mass marketed Rocky Balboa The Movie feature films were made to be shown in movie Rocky Balboa The Movie theaters. The Rocky Balboa The Movie development of television has allowed films to be broadcast to larger audiences, usually Rocky Balboa The Movie after the film is Rocky Balboa The Movie no longer being shown in theaters. Recording technology has also enabled consumers to rent or Rocky Balboa The Movie buy copies of films on VHS or DVD (and the older formats of laserdisc, VCD and SelectaVision � see also videodisc), and Internet downloads may be available and Rocky Balboa The Movie have started to become revenue Rocky Balboa The Movie sources for the film Rocky Balboa The Movie companies. Some films are now made specifically for these other venues, being released as made-for-TV movies or direct-to-video Rocky Balboa The Movie movies. Rocky Balboa The Movie The production values on these films are often considered to be of inferior quality compared Rocky Balboa The Movie to theatrical releases in similar genres, and indeed, some films that are rejected Rocky Balboa The Movie by their own studios Rocky Balboa The Movie upon completion are distributed through these markets.
The movie theater pays an average of about 50-55% Rocky Balboa The Movie of Pathfinder Movie its ticket sales to the movie studio, as film rental fees.[6] The actual percentage starts with a number higher than that, and decreases as the duration of a film's showing continues, as an incentive to theaters to keep movies in Rocky Balboa The Movie the theater longer. However, today's barrage of highly marketed Rocky Balboa The Movie movies ensures that most Rocky Balboa The Movie movies are shown in first-run theaters for Rocky Balboa The Movie less than 8 weeks. There are a few movies every year that defy this rule, often limited-release movies that start in only a few theaters and actually grow their theater count through good word-of-mouth Rocky Balboa The Movie and reviews. According to Rocky Balboa The Movie a 2000 study by ABN AMRO, about Rocky Balboa The Movie 26% of Hollywood movie studios' worldwide income came from box office Rocky Balboa The Movie ticket sales; 46% came from VHS and DVD sales to consumers; and 28% came from Rocky Balboa The Movie television (broadcast, cable, Rocky Balboa The Movie and pay-per-view).[6]
Future state
While motion picture films have been around for more than a Rocky Balboa The Movie century, film is still a relative newcomer in Rocky Balboa The Movie the pantheon of fine Rocky Balboa The Movie arts. In the Rocky Balboa The Movie 1950s, when television became widely available, Rocky Balboa The Movie industry analysts predicted the demise of local movie theaters. Despite competition from television's increasing technological sophistication over the 1960s and 1970s, such as Rocky Balboa The Movie the development Rocky Balboa The Movie of color television and large screens, motion picture Rocky Balboa The Movie cinemas continued. In the Rocky Balboa The Movie 1980s, when the widespread availability Rocky Balboa The Movie of inexpensive videocassette recorders enabled people to select films for home viewing, Rocky Balboa The Movie industry analysts again wrongly predicted the death of the local cinemas.
In the 1990s and 2000s the development of Rocky Balboa The Movie digital DVD players, home theater amplification systems with surround sound and subwoofers, and large LCD Rocky Balboa The Movie or plasma screens enabled people to select and view films at home with greatly improved audio Rocky Balboa The Movie and visual reproduction. These new technologies provided audio and visual that in the past only local cinemas had been able to provide: a large, clear widescreen presentation of a film with a full-range, high-quality multi-speaker sound system. Once again industry analysts predicted the demise of the local cinema. Rocky Balboa The Movie Local cinemas Rocky Balboa The Movie will be changing in the 2000s and moving towards digital Rocky Balboa The Movie screens, a new approach which will allow for easier and quicker distribution of films (via satellite or hard Rocky Balboa The Movie disks), a development Rocky Balboa The Movie which may Rocky Balboa The Movie give local theaters a reprieve from their predicted demise.
The cinema now faces a new challenge from home video Rocky Balboa The Movie by the likes of a new DVD format Blu-ray, which can provide full HD 1080p video playback at near cinema quality. Video formats are gradually catching up with the resolutions and quality that film offers, 1080p in Blu-ray offers a pixel resolution of 1920?1080 a leap Rocky Balboa The Movie from the DVD offering of 720?480 and the paltry 330?480 offered by the first home video standard VHS. The maximum resolutions that Rocky Balboa The Movie film currently offers are 2485?2970 or 1420?3390, UHD, a future digital video Rocky Balboa The Movie format, Rocky Balboa The Movie will offer a massive resolution of 7680?4320, |
