Film is a term that encompasses individual motion pictures, the field of film as an art Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga form, Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga and the motion picture industry. Films are produced by recording images from the world with cameras, or by creating images using animation techniques or special effects.
Films are cultural artifacts created by specific cultures, which reflect those cultures, and, in turn, affect them. Film is considered to be an important art Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga form, a source of popular entertainment Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga and a powerful method for educating � or indoctrinating � Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga citizens. Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga The visual elements of cinema gives motion pictures a universal power of communication. Some films have become popular worldwide attractions by using dubbing or subtitles that translate the dialogue.
Traditional films are made up of a series of individual images called frames. When these images are shown rapidly in succession, Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga a viewer has the illusion that motion is occurring. The viewer cannot see the flickering between Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga frames Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga due to an effect known as persistence of vision, whereby Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga the Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga eye retains a
The origin of the name "film" comes from the fact that photographic film (also called film stock) had historically been the primary medium for recording and displaying motion pictures. Many other terms exist for an individual motion picture, including picture, picture show, photo-play, flick, and Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga most commonly, movie. Additional terms for the field in general include the big screen, Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga the silver screen, the cinema, and the movies.In the 1860s, mechanisms for producing artificially created, two-dimensional Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga images in motion were demonstrated with devices such as the zoetrope Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga and the praxinoscope. These machines were outgrowths of simple optical devices (such as magic lanterns) and would Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga display sequences of Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga still pictures at Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga sufficient speed for the images on the Scanners Movie pictures to appear to Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga be moving, a phenomenon called persistence of vision. Naturally, the images needed to be carefully designed to achieve Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga the desired effect � Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga and the underlying principle became the basis for the development of film animation.
A frame Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga from Roundhay Garden Scene, Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga the world's earliest film, by Louis Le Prince, 1888
With the Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga development of celluloid Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga film for still photography, it became possible to directly capture objects in motion in real time. Early versions of the technology sometimes required a person to look into a viewing machine to see the pictures which were separate paper prints attached Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga to a drum turned by a handcrank. The pictures were shown at a Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga variable speed of about 5 to 10 pictures per second depending Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga on how rapidly the crank was turned. Some of these machines were coin operated. By the Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga 1880s, the development of the motion picture camera allowed the individual Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga component images to be captured and stored Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga on a single reel, and led quickly to the development of a motion picture projector to shine light through the processed and printed film Arachnid Movie and magnify these Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga "moving picture shows" Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga onto a Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga screen for an entire audience. These reels, so exhibited, came to be known as "motion pictures". Early motion pictures were static shots that showed an event or action with no editing or Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga other cinematic techniques.
Ignoring Dickson's early sound experiments Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga (1894), commercial motion pictures were purely visual art through the late 19th century, but these innovative Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga silent films had gained a hold on the public imagination. Around the turn of the twentieth century, Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga films Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga began developing a narrative structure by stringing scenes together to tell narratives. The scenes were later broken up into multiple shots of varying sizes Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga and angles. Other techniques such as camera movement were realized as effective ways Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga to portray a story on film. Rather than leave the audience in silence, theater owners would hire a pianist or organist or Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga a full orchestra to play music fitting the mood of the film at any given moment. By the early 1920s, most films came Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga with a prepared list of Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga sheet music for this purpose, with Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga complete film scores being composed for major productions.
A shot from Georges Melies Le Voyage dans la Lune (A Trip to the Moon) (1902), an early narrative film.
The rise of European cinema was Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga interrupted by the breakout of World War I while the film industry in Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga United States flourished with the rise of Hollywood. However in the 1920s, European filmmakers such as Sergei Eisenstein, F. W. Murnau, and Fritz Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga Lang, along with American innovator D. W. Griffith and the contributions of Charles Chaplin, Buster Keaton and others, Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga continued to advance the medium. In the 1920s, new technology allowed filmmakers to attach to each Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga film a soundtrack of speech, music and sound effects synchronized with the action on the screen. These sound films were initially distinguished by calling them "talking pictures", Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga or talkies.
The next major step in the development of cinema was the introduction of so-called "natural" color. While the addition of sound quickly eclipsed silent film and theater musicians, color was adopted more gradually as methods evolved making it more practical and Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga cost effective to produce "natural color" films. The public was relatively indifferent to color photography as opposed to black-and-white,[citation needed] Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga but as color processes improved and became as affordable Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga as black-and-white film, more and more movies were filmed in color after the end of World War II, as the Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga industry Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga in America Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga came to view color as essential to attracting audiences in its competition Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga with television, which remained a black-and-white medium Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga until the mid-1960s. By the end of the 1960s, col
Since the decline of the studio system in the 1960s, the succeeding decades saw changes in the production and style of film. New Hollywood, French New Wave Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga and the rise of film school educated independent filmmakers were Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga The Simpsons Movie On Dvd all part of the changes Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga the medium experienced in the latter half of the 20th century. Digital technology has been the driving Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga force in Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga change throughout the 1990s and into the 21st century.
Theory
Main article: Film theory
Film theory seeks to develop concise and systematic concepts that apply to the study of film as art. It was started by Ricciotto Canudo's The Birth of the Sixth Art. Formalist film theory, led by Rudolf Arnheim, Bela Balazs, and Siegfried Kracauer, emphasized how Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga film differed from reality, and thus could be considered a valid fine art. Andre Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga Bazin Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga reacted against this theory Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga by arguing Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga that film's artistic essence lay in its ability to mechanically reproduce reality not in its differences from reality, and this gave rise to realist theory. More Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga recent analysis spurred Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga by Lacan's psychoanalysis and Ferdinand Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga de Saussure's semiotics among other things Movie Theaters In Nyc has given rise to psychoanalytical film theory, structuralist film theory, feminist film theory and others.
Criticism
Main article: Film criticism
Film criticism is the analysis and evaluation of films. In Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga general, these Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga works can be divided into Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga two categories: Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga academic criticism by film scholars and journalistic film criticism that appears regularly in newspapers and other media.
Film critics working for newspapers, magazines, and broadcast media mainly review new releases. Normally they only see any given film once and have only a day or two to formulate opinions. Despite this, critics have an important impact on films, especially those of certain genres. Mass marketed action, horror, and Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga comedy films tend not to be greatly affected by a critic's overall judgment of a film. The plot summary and description of a film that makes up the majority of any film review can still have an Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga important Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga impact on whether people Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga decide to Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga see a film. For prestige films such as most dramas, the influence of reviews is extremely important. Poor reviews will often doom a film to obscurity and financial loss.
The impact of a reviewer on a given film's box office performance is a matter of debate. Some claim that movie marketing is now so intense and well financed that reviewers cannot Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga make an impact against it. However, Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga the Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga cataclysmic failure of some Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga heavily-promoted movies which were harshly reviewed, as Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga well as the unexpected success of critically praised independent Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga movies indicates that extreme critical reactions can have Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga considerable influence. Others note that positive film reviews have been shown to Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga spark interest in little-known films. Conversely, there have been several films in which film companies Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga have so little confidence that they refuse to give reviewers an Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga advanced viewing to avoid widespread Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga panning of Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga the film. However, this usually backfires as reviewers are wise to the tactic and warn the public that Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga the film may not be worth seeing and the Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga films often do poorly as a result.
It Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga is argued that journalist film critics should only be known as film reviewers, and true film critics are those Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga who take a more Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga academic approach to films. This line of work is more often known as film theory or film studies. These film critics attempt to come to understand how film and filming techniques work, and what effect they have on people. Rather than having their Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga works published in newspapers or appear on television, their articles are published in scholarly journals, or sometimes in Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga up-market magazines. They also tend to be affiliated with colleges or universities.
Industry
Main article: Film industry
The making and showing of motion pictures became Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga a source of profit almost as soon as the process was Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga invented. Upon seeing how successful their new invention, and its product, was in their native France, the Lumieres quickly set about touring the Continent to exhibit the first Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga films privately to Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga royalty and publicly to the masses. In each country, they would normally Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga add new, local scenes Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga to their catalogue and, quickly enough, found local entrepreneurs in the various countries of Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga Europe to Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga buy their equipment and photograph, export, import and screen additional product commercially. The Oberammergau Passion Play Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga of Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga 1898[citation needed] was the first commercial motion picture ever produced. Other pictures soon followed, and motion pictures became a separate industry that overshadowed the vaudeville world. Dedicated Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga theaters and companies formed specifically to produce and Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga distribute films, while motion Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga picture actors became major celebrities and commanded huge Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga fees for Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga their performances. Already by 1917, Charlie Chaplin Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga had a contract that called for an annual salary of one million dollars.
In the United States today, much of the film industry is centered around Hollywood. Other regional centers exist in many parts of the world, such as Mumbai-centered Bollywood, the Indian film industry's Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga Hindi Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga cinema which produces the largest number of films in the world.[1] Whether the ten thousand-plus feature length films a year produced by the Valley pornographic Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga film industry should qualify for this title is the source of some Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga debate.[citation Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga needed] Though the expense involved in Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga making movies has led cinema Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga production to concentrate under the auspices of movie studios, recent advances in affordable Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga film making equipment have allowed independent film productions to flourish.
Profit is Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga a key force in the industry, due to the costly and risky nature of filmmaking; many films have large cost Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga overruns, a Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga notorious example being Kevin Costner's Waterworld. Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga Yet many filmmakers strive to create Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga works Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga of lasting social significance. Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga The Academy Awards (also known as "the Oscars") are the most prominent film Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga awards in the United States, providing recognition each year to films, ostensibly based on their artistic Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga merits.
There is also a large industry for educational and instructional films Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga made in lieu of or in addition to lectures and texts.
Preview
A preview performance refers to a showing of a movie to a select audience, usually for the purposes of corporate promotions, before the public film premiere itself. Previews are sometimes used Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga to judge audience reaction, which if unexpectedly negative, may result in recutting or even refilming certain Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga sections. (cf Audience response.)
Trailer
Main article: Trailer (film)
Trailers or previews Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga are film advertisements for films that will be exhibited in the future Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga at a cinema, on whose screen they are shown. The term "trailer" Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga comes from their having originally been shown at the end of a film programme. That practice did not last long, because patrons tended to leave the theater after Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga the films ended, Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga but the name Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga has stuck. Trailers are now shown before the film (or the A movie Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga in a Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga double feature program) begins.
The nature of the film determines the size and type of crew required during filmmaking. Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga Many Hollywood adventure films need computer generated imagery (CGI), created by dozens of 3D modellers, animators, rotoscopers and Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga compositors. However, a low-budget, independent film may Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga be made with a skeleton crew, often paid very Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga little. Also, an open source film may be produced through open, collaborative processes. Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga Filmmaking takes place all over the world using different technologies, styles of acting and genre, and is produced in a variety of economic contexts Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga that range from state-sponsored documentary in China to profit-oriented movie making within the American studio Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga system.
This production cycle typically takes three years. The first year is taken up with Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga development. The second year comprises preproduction Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga and production. The third Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga year, post-production and distribution.
Crew
Main article: Film crew
A film Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga crew is a group of people hired by a film company, employed during the "production" or "photography" phase, for the purpose of producing a film or motion picture. Crew are Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga distinguished from cast, the actors who appear in front of Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga the camera or provide voices for characters Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga in the film. The Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga crew interacts with but is also distinct from the production staff, consisting of producers, managers, company representatives, their assistants, and those whose primary responsibility falls in pre-production or post-production phases, such as writers and editors. Communication between production and crew generally passes through the director and his/her staff of assistants. Medium-to-large crews are generally divided into departments Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga with well defined hierarchies and standards for interaction and cooperation between the departments. Other than acting, the Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga crew handles everything in the photography phase: Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga props and costumes, shooting, Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga sound, electrics (i.e., lights), sets, and production special effects. Caterers (known in the Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga film industry as "craft services") are usually not considered part of the crew.
Technology
Film stock consists of transparent celluloid, acetate, or polyester base coated Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga with an emulsion containing light-sensitive chemicals. Cellulose Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga nitrate was the first type of film Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga base used to record motion pictures, but due Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga to its flammability was Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga eventually replaced by safer materials. Stock widths and the film format Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga for images on the reel have had Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga a rich history, though Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga most large commercial films are still shot on (and distributed to theaters) as 35 mm Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga prints.
Originally moving picture film was shot Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga and projected at various speeds using hand-cranked cameras and projectors; though 1000 Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga frames per minute (16? frame/s) is generally cited as a standard Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga silent Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga speed, research indicates most films were shot between 16 frame/s and 23 frame/s and projected from 18 frame/s on up (often Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga reels included instructions on how fast each scene should be shown) [1]. When sound film was introduced in the late 1920s, a constant speed was required for the sound head. Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga 24 frames per second was Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga chosen because it was the slowest (and thus cheapest) speed which allowed for sufficient sound quality. Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga Improvements since the late 19th century include the mechanization of cameras � allowing them to record at a consistent speed, quiet camera design � Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga allowing sound recorded on-set to be usable without requiring large "blimps" Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga to encase the camera, the invention of Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga more Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga sophisticated Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga filmstocks and lenses, allowing directors Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga to film in increasingly dim conditions, and Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga the Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga development of synchronized sound, allowing sound to be recorded at exactly the same speed as its corresponding action. The soundtrack can Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga be recorded separately from shooting the film, but for live-action pictures many parts of Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga the soundtrack are usually recorded Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga simultaneously.
As a medium, film is not limited to motion pictures, since the technology developed as the Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga basis for photography. It can be used to present a progressive sequence of still images in the form of a slideshow. Film has also been incorporated into multimedia presentations, and often has importance as primary historical documentation. However, Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga historic films have problems in terms of preservation and storage, and the motion picture Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga industry is exploring many alternatives. Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga Most movies on cellulose nitrate Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga base have Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga been copied onto modern safety films. Some studios save color films through the use of separation masters � three B&W negatives each exposed through Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga red, green, or blue filters (essentially a Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga reverse of the Technicolor process). Digital methods have also been used to restore films, although their continued obsolescence Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga cycle Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga makes them Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga (as of 2006) a poor choice for long-term preservation. Film preservation of decaying film stock is a matter of concern to both film historians and archivists, and to companies interested Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga in preserving their existing products in order to make Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga them available to future generations (and thereby increase revenue). Preservation is generally a Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga higher-concern for nitrate and single-strip color films, due to their high decay rates; black and white films on safety bases and color films preserved on Technicolor imbibition prints tend to keep up much better, assuming proper handling and storage.
Some films in recent decades have been recorded using analog video technology similar to that used in television production. Modern digital video cameras and digital projectors are gaining ground as well. These approaches are extremely beneficial to moviemakers, especially because footage can be evaluated Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga and Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga edited without waiting for the film stock Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga to be processed. Yet the migration is Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga gradual, and as of Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga 2005 most major motion pictures are still recorded on film.
Independent
Main article: Independent film
The Lumiere Brothers
Independent filmmaking often takes place outside of Hollywood, or other major studio systems. An Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga independent film (or Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga indie film) is a film initially produced without Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga financing or distribution from a major movie Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga studio. Creative, business, and technological reasons have all contributed to Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga the Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga growth of Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga the indie film Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga scene in the Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga late 20th and early 21st century.
On Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga the business side, the costs Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga of big-budget studio films also leads to conservative choices in Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga cast and crew. There is a trend in Hollywood towards co-financing (over two-thirds of the films put out by Warner Bros. in 2000 were joint ventures, Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga up from 10% in 1987).[2] A hopeful director is almost never given the opportunity to Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga get a job on Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga a big-budget studio film unless he or she has significant industry experience in film or television. Also, the studios rarely produce films with unknown actors, particularly in lead roles.
Before the advent of digital alternatives, the cost of professional film equipment and stock was Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga also a hurdle to Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga being able to produce, Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga direct, or star in a traditional studio film. The cost of Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga 35 mm film is outpacing Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga inflation: in 2002 alone, film Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga negative costs were up 23%, according to Variety.[2].
But the Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga advent of consumer camcorders in 1985, and more importantly, the arrival of high-resolution digital video in the early 1990s, have lowered the technology barrier to movie production significantly. Both production and post-production costs have Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga been significantly lowered; today, Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga the hardware and software for post-production can be installed in a commodity-based personal Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga computer. Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga Technologies such as DVDs, FireWire connections and non-linear editing system pro-level software like Adobe Premiere Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga Pro, Sony Vegas and Apple's Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga Final Cut Pro, and consumer Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga level Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga software such as Apple's Final Cut Express and iMovie make movie-making relatively inexpensive.
Since the introduction Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga of DV technology, the means of production have become more democratized. Filmmakers can conceivably shoot and edit a movie, create and edit the sound and music, and mix the final cut on Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga a home computer. However, while the means of production may Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga be democratized, financing, distribution, Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga and marketing Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga remain difficult to accomplish outside the traditional system. Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga Most independent filmmakers rely on film festivals to get their Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga films noticed and sold for distribution. Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga The arrival of internet-based video outlets such as YouTube and Veoh has further changed the film making landscape in ways that are still to be determined.
Open content film
Main article: Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga Open content film
An open content film is much like an independent film, but it Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga is produced through open collaborations; its source material is available under a license which is permissive Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga enough to allow other parties to create Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga fan fiction or derivative Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga works, than a traditional copyright. Like independent Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga filmmaking, open source filmmaking takes Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga place outside of Hollywood, or other major studio systems.
Fan film
Main article: Fan film
A fan film is a film or video inspired by a film, Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga television program, Hbo Movie Schedule comic book or a Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga similar source, created by fans rather than by the source's copyright holders or creators. Fan filmmakers have traditionally been amateurs, but some Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga of Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga the more Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga notable films have actually been produced by professional filmmakers as film Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga school class projects or as demonstration Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga reels. Fan films vary tremendously Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga in length, from short faux-teaser trailers for non-existent motion pictures to rarer full-length motion pictures
Animation is the technique in which each Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga frame Enemy Mine Movie of Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga a film is Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga produced individually, whether generated as a computer graphic, or by photographing Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga a Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga drawn image, or by repeatedly making small Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga changes to a model unit (see claymation and stop motion), and then photographing the result with a special animation camera. When the frames are strung together and the resulting film is viewed at Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga a speed Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga of 16 Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga or more frames per second, there is Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga an illusion of continuous movement Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga (due to the persistence Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga of vision). Generating such a film is very labour Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga intensive and tedious, though the development of computer Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga animation Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga has greatly sped up Movie Theaters In Waterbury Ct the process.
File formats like GIF, QuickTime, Shockwave and Flash allow animation to be viewed on a computer or over the Internet.
Because animation is very time-consuming and often very Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga expensive to produce, the majority of animation Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga for TV and movies comes from professional animation studios. However, the field of independent animation has existed at least since the 1950s, with animation being produced by independent studios (and sometimes by a single person). Several independent animation Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga producers Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga have gone on to enter Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga the professional animation industry.
Limited animation is a way of increasing production and decreasing costs of animation by using "short cuts" in the Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga animation process. Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga This method was pioneered by UPA and Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga popularized by Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga Hanna-Barbera, and adapted by Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga other studios as cartoons moved from Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga movie theaters to television.[3]
Although most animation studios are now using digital technologies Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga in their productions, there is a specific style Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga of animation that depends on film. Cameraless animation, made famous by moviemakers like Norman Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga McLaren, Len Lye and Stan Brakhage, is painted and drawn Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga directly onto pieces of film, and then run through a projector.
Venues
When it is initially produced, a feature film is often Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga shown to audiences in a movie theater or cinema. The first theater designed exclusively for cinema opened in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in 1905.[4] Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga Thousands of such theaters were built or converted from existing Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga facilities within a few years.[5] In the United States, these theaters came to be known as nickelodeons, because admission typically cost a nickel (five Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga cents).
Typically, one film is the featured presentation (or feature film). Before the 1970s, there were "double features"; typically, a high quality "A picture" rented by an independent theater for a lump sum, and a "B picture" of lower quality rented for a percentage of the gross Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga receipts. Today, the bulk of the material Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga shown before the feature film consists of previews for upcoming Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga movies and paid advertisements (also known as trailers or "The Twenty").
Historically, all mass marketed feature films Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga were made to be shown in movie theaters. The development of television has allowed films to be broadcast to larger audiences, usually after the film Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga is no longer being shown in theaters. Recording technology has also enabled consumers to rent or buy copies of films on VHS or Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga DVD (and the older Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga formats of laserdisc, VCD and SelectaVision � see Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga also videodisc), and Internet downloads may be available and have Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga started to become revenue Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga sources for the film companies. Some films are now made specifically for these Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga other venues, being released as made-for-TV movies or direct-to-video Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga movies. Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga The production values on these films are often considered Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga to Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga be of inferior Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga quality compared to theatrical releases in similar genres, and indeed, some films that are rejected by their own studios upon completion are Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga distributed through these markets.
The movie theater pays an average of about 50-55% of its ticket sales to the movie studio, as film rental Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga fees.[6] The actual percentage Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga starts with a number higher than that, Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga and decreases as the Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga duration of a film's showing continues, as an incentive to theaters Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga to keep movies in the theater longer. However, today's barrage of highly marketed movies ensures that most movies are shown in first-run Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga theaters for less than 8 weeks. There are a few movies every year that defy this rule, often limited-release movies that start in only a few theaters and actually grow their theater count through good word-of-mouth and reviews. According to a 2000 study by Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga ABN AMRO, about 26% of Hollywood movie studios' worldwide income came from box office ticket sales; 46% came from VHS and DVD sales to consumers; and 28% came from television (broadcast, cable, and pay-per-view).[6]
Future state
While motion picture films have been around for more than a century, film is still a relative newcomer in the pantheon of fine arts. In the 1950s, when television Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga became widely available, industry analysts predicted the demise of local movie theaters. Despite competition from Carrollton Movie Theater television's increasing technological sophistication Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga over the 1960s and 1970s, such as the development of color television and large screens, motion Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga picture cinemas continued. In the 1980s, when the widespread availability of inexpensive videocassette recorders enabled people to select films for home Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga viewing, industry analysts again wrongly predicted the death of the local cinemas.
In the 1990s Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga and 2000s the development of digital DVD players, Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga home Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga theater amplification systems with surround sound and subwoofers, and Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga large LCD or plasma screens enabled people to select and view films at home with greatly Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga improved audio and visual reproduction. These new technologies provided audio and visual that in the past Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga only local cinemas had been able to provide: a large, clear Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga widescreen presentation of a Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga film Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga with a full-range, high-quality multi-speaker Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga sound system. Once again Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga industry analysts predicted the Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga demise of the local cinema. Local cinemas Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga will be changing in the 2000s and moving towards digital screens, a new approach which will Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga allow for easier and quicker Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga distribution of films Movie Theatre Valdosta Ga (via satellite or hard disks), a development which |
