Film is a term that encompasses individual Preview For The Movie Juno motion pictures, the field of film as an art form, and the motion picture industry. Films Preview For The Movie Juno are produced by recording images from the world with cameras, or Preview For The Movie Juno by creating images using animation techniques or special effects.
Films are cultural artifacts created by specific Preview For The Movie Juno cultures, which reflect those cultures, and, in turn, affect them. Film is considered to be an important art form, a source of popular entertainment and Movie Amateur a powerful method for educating � or indoctrinating � Preview For The Movie Juno citizens. The visual elements of Preview For The Movie Juno cinema gives motion pictures a universal power of Preview For The Movie Juno communication. Some films have become popular worldwide attractions by using dubbing or subtitles that translate the dialogue.
Traditional films are made up of a Preview For The Movie Juno series of individual images called frames. When these images Preview For The Movie Juno are shown rapidly in succession, a viewer has the illusion that motion is occurring. The viewer cannot see the flickering between frames Preview For The Movie Juno due to an effect known as persistence of vision, whereby the eye retains Preview For The Movie Juno a
The origin of the name Preview For The Movie Juno "film" comes from the fact that Preview For The Movie Juno photographic film (also Preview For The Movie Juno called film stock) Preview For The Movie Juno had historically been Preview For The Movie Juno the primary Preview For The Movie Juno medium for recording and displaying motion pictures. Many other terms exist for an individual motion picture, including picture, picture show, photo-play, Preview For The Movie Juno flick, and most commonly, movie. Preview For The Movie Juno Additional terms for Preview For The Movie Juno the field in general include the big screen, the silver screen, the cinema, and the movies.In the 1860s, mechanisms for producing artificially created, two-dimensional images in motion Preview For The Movie Juno were demonstrated with devices such as the zoetrope and the praxinoscope. Preview For The Movie Juno These machines were outgrowths of simple optical devices (such as magic lanterns) Preview For The Movie Juno and would display sequences of still pictures at sufficient speed for the images on the pictures to appear to be moving, a phenomenon called Preview For The Movie Juno persistence of vision. Naturally, the images needed to be carefully designed to achieve the desired effect Preview For The Movie Juno � and the underlying principle became the basis for Preview For The Movie Juno the development of film animation.
A frame from Roundhay Garden Scene, the world's earliest film, by Preview For The Movie Juno Louis Le Prince, 1888
With the development of celluloid film for still photography, Preview For The Movie Juno it became Preview For The Movie Juno possible to directly capture objects in motion in real time. Early versions of the technology sometimes required a person to look into a viewing machine Preview For The Movie Juno to see the pictures which were separate Preview For The Movie Juno paper prints attached Preview For The Movie Juno to a Preview For The Movie Juno drum turned by a handcrank. The pictures were shown at a Preview For The Movie Juno variable speed of about 5 to 10 pictures per second depending on how rapidly the crank was Preview For The Movie Juno turned. Some of these machines were coin operated. By the 1880s, the development of the motion picture camera allowed the individual component images to be captured and stored on a single reel, and led quickly to the development of a motion picture projector to shine light through the processed and printed film and magnify these "moving picture shows" onto a screen for an entire audience. These reels, so Preview For The Movie Juno exhibited, came to be known as "motion Preview For The Movie Juno pictures". Early motion pictures were static shots that showed an event or action with no editing or other cinematic techniques.
Ignoring Dickson's Preview For The Movie Juno early sound experiments (1894), commercial motion pictures were purely visual art through the late 19th century, but these innovative silent films had gained Preview For The Movie Juno a hold on the public imagination. Around the turn of the Preview For The Movie Juno twentieth century, films began developing a narrative structure by stringing scenes together to tell narratives. The Preview For The Movie Juno scenes were later broken up into multiple Preview For The Movie Juno shots of varying sizes Preview For The Movie Juno and angles. Other techniques such as camera movement Movie Theatres In Moreno Valley were realized as effective ways to portray a story on film. Rather than leave the audience in silence, theater owners Preview For The Movie Juno would hire a pianist or organist or a full orchestra to play music fitting the mood of the film at any given moment. By the early 1920s, Preview For The Movie Juno most films came Preview For The Movie Juno with a prepared list of sheet music for this purpose, with complete film scores being composed for major Preview For The Movie Juno productions.
A shot from Georges Melies Le Voyage dans la Lune (A Trip to the Moon) (1902), an early narrative film.
The rise of European Preview For The Movie Juno cinema was interrupted by the breakout of World War I while the film industry Preview For The Movie Juno in United States flourished with Preview For The Movie Juno the rise of Hollywood. However in the 1920s, European filmmakers such as Sergei Eisenstein, Preview For The Movie Juno F. W. Murnau, and Fritz Lang, along with American innovator D. W. Griffith and the contributions of Charles Chaplin, Buster Keaton and others, Preview For The Movie Juno continued to advance the medium. In the 1920s, new technology allowed filmmakers to attach to each Preview For The Movie Juno film a soundtrack of speech, music and sound effects synchronized with the action on the screen. Preview For The Movie Juno These sound films were initially distinguished by calling them "talking pictures", or talkies.
The next major step in the development Preview For The Movie Juno of cinema was the introduction of so-called "natural" color. While the addition of sound quickly eclipsed silent Preview For The Movie Juno film and theater musicians, color was Preview For The Movie Juno adopted more gradually as methods evolved making Preview For The Movie Juno it more practical and cost effective to produce "natural color" films. The public was relatively indifferent to color photography as Preview For The Movie Juno opposed to black-and-white,[citation needed] but as color processes improved and became as affordable as black-and-white film, more and more Preview For The Movie Juno movies were filmed in color after the end of World War II, as the industry in America came to view color as essential to attracting audiences in its competition with television, which remained a black-and-white medium until the mid-1960s. By the end of the 1960s, col
Since the decline of Preview For The Movie Juno the studio system in the 1960s, the succeeding decades saw changes in the production and style of film. New Hollywood, French New Wave and the rise of film school educated independent filmmakers were all part of the changes the medium experienced in the latter half of the 20th century. Digital technology has been the driving force in change throughout the 1990s and Preview For The Movie Juno into the 21st century.
Theory
Main article: Film theory
Film theory seeks to develop concise and Preview For The Movie Juno systematic Preview For The Movie Juno concepts that apply to Preview For The Movie Juno the study of film as art. It was started by Ricciotto Canudo's The Birth of the Sixth Art. Formalist film theory, led by Rudolf Arnheim, Bela Balazs, and Siegfried Kracauer, emphasized how film differed from reality, and Preview For The Movie Juno thus could be considered a valid fine art. Andre Bazin reacted against this Preview For The Movie Juno theory by arguing that film's artistic essence lay in its ability to mechanically reproduce reality not in its differences from reality, and this gave Preview For The Movie Juno rise Preview For The Movie Juno to realist theory. More recent analysis spurred by Lacan's psychoanalysis and Ferdinand de Saussure's semiotics among other things has given Preview For The Movie Juno rise to psychoanalytical film Preview For The Movie Juno theory, structuralist film theory, feminist film theory and others.
Criticism
Main article: Film criticism
Film criticism is the analysis and evaluation of films. In Preview For The Movie Juno general, these Preview For The Movie Juno works can be divided into two categories: academic criticism by film scholars and journalistic film criticism that appears regularly in newspapers and other media.
Film critics working for newspapers, magazines, and broadcast media mainly review new releases. Normally they only see any given film once and have only a day or two to formulate opinions. Despite this, critics Preview For The Movie Juno have an important impact on Preview For The Movie Juno films, especially those of certain genres. Mass marketed action, Preview For The Movie Juno horror, and comedy films tend not to be greatly affected by a critic's overall judgment Preview For The Movie Juno of a film. The plot summary and description of a film that makes up the majority of any film review Preview For The Movie Juno can Preview For The Movie Juno still have an important impact on whether people decide to see a film. For prestige films such as Preview For The Movie Juno most dramas, the influence of Preview For The Movie Juno reviews is Preview For The Movie Juno extremely important. Poor reviews will often doom a Preview For The Movie Juno film to obscurity and financial loss.
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The impact of a reviewer on a Preview For The Movie Juno given film's box office performance is a matter of Preview For The Movie Juno debate. Some claim that movie marketing is now so intense and well financed that reviewers cannot make an impact against it. However, the cataclysmic failure Preview For The Movie Juno of some heavily-promoted movies which Preview For The Movie Juno were Preview For The Movie Juno harshly reviewed, as well as the unexpected success of critically praised independent movies indicates that extreme critical reactions can have considerable influence. Preview For The Movie Juno Others note that Preview For The Movie Juno positive film reviews Preview For The Movie Juno have been shown to spark interest in little-known films. Conversely, there have been several films Preview For The Movie Juno in which film companies have so little confidence that they refuse to give reviewers an advanced viewing Preview For The Movie Juno to avoid widespread Preview For The Movie Juno panning of the film. However, this usually backfires as reviewers are wise to the Preview For The Movie Juno tactic Preview For The Movie Juno and warn the public that Preview For The Movie Juno the film may not be worth Preview For The Movie Juno seeing Preview For The Movie Juno and the films often do poorly as a result.
It is argued Preview For The Movie Juno that journalist film critics should only Preview For The Movie Juno be known as film reviewers, and true film critics Preview For The Movie Juno are those who take a more academic approach to films. This Preview For The Movie Juno line of work is more often known as Preview For The Movie Juno film theory or film studies. These film critics attempt to come to Preview For The Movie Juno understand Preview For The Movie Juno how film and filming techniques work, and what effect they have on people. Rather than having their works published in newspapers or appear on television, Preview For The Movie Juno their articles are published in scholarly journals, or sometimes in up-market Preview For The Movie Juno magazines. They also tend to be affiliated with colleges or universities.
Industry
Main article: Film industry
The making and showing of motion pictures became Preview For The Movie Juno a source of profit almost as soon as the process was invented. Upon seeing how successful their Preview For The Movie Juno new invention, and Preview For The Movie Juno its product, was in their native France, Preview For The Movie Juno the Preview For The Movie Juno Lumieres quickly set Preview For The Movie Juno about touring the Continent to exhibit the first films privately to royalty and Preview For The Movie Juno publicly to the masses. In each country, they would normally add new, local scenes to their catalogue and, quickly Preview For The Movie Juno enough, found local entrepreneurs in the various countries of Europe to buy their equipment and photograph, export, import and screen additional product commercially. The Preview For The Movie Juno Oberammergau Passion Play of 1898[citation needed] was the first Preview For The Movie Juno commercial Preview For The Movie Juno motion picture ever produced. Other pictures soon followed, and Preview For The Movie Juno motion pictures became a separate industry that overshadowed Preview For The Movie Juno the vaudeville world. Dedicated theaters and companies formed Preview For The Movie Juno specifically to produce and distribute films, while motion picture actors became major celebrities and commanded huge fees for their performances. Already by 1917, Charlie Chaplin had a contract that called for an annual salary of one million dollars.
In the United States today, Preview For The Movie Juno much of the film industry is centered around Hollywood. Preview For The Movie Juno Other regional centers exist in many parts of Preview For The Movie Juno the world, such as Mumbai-centered Bollywood, the Preview For The Movie Juno Indian film industry's Hindi cinema which produces the largest number of films in the world.[1] Whether the ten Preview For The Movie Juno thousand-plus feature length films a year produced by the Valley pornographic film Preview For The Movie Juno industry should qualify for this title Preview For The Movie Juno is the source of some Preview For The Movie Juno debate.[citation needed] Though the expense Preview For The Movie Juno involved in making movies has led cinema production to concentrate under the auspices of movie studios, recent advances in affordable film making equipment have allowed independent film productions to flourish.
Profit is a key force in the Preview For The Movie Juno industry, due to the costly and risky nature of filmmaking; many films have Preview For The Movie Juno large cost Preview For The Movie Juno overruns, a notorious example being Kevin Costner's Waterworld. Yet many filmmakers strive to create works of lasting social significance. The Academy Awards Preview For The Movie Juno (also known as "the Oscars") are the most prominent film awards in the United States, providing recognition each year to films, ostensibly Preview For The Movie Juno based on Preview For The Movie Juno their artistic merits.
There is also a large industry for educational and instructional films made in lieu of or in addition to lectures and texts.
Preview
A Preview For The Movie Juno preview performance refers to a showing of a movie to a select audience, usually for the Preview For The Movie Juno purposes of corporate promotions, before the Preview For The Movie Juno public film premiere itself. Previews are sometimes used to judge audience reaction, which if unexpectedly negative, may result Preview For The Movie Juno in recutting or even refilming certain sections. (cf Audience response.)
Trailer
Main article: Trailer (film)
Trailers or previews are film Preview For The Movie Juno advertisements for films Preview For The Movie Juno that will be exhibited in the future at a cinema, Preview For The Movie Juno on whose screen they are shown. The term "trailer" comes from their having originally been Preview For The Movie Juno shown Preview For The Movie Juno at the Preview For The Movie Juno end of a Preview For The Movie Juno film programme. That practice Preview For The Movie Juno did not last long, because patrons tended to leave Preview For The Movie Juno the theater after the films ended, but the name has stuck. Trailers are now shown before the film (or the A movie in a double feature program) begins.
The nature of the film determines the size and type of crew required during filmmaking. Many Hollywood Preview For The Movie Juno adventure films need computer generated imagery (CGI), Preview For The Movie Juno created by dozens of 3D modellers, animators, rotoscopers and compositors. However, a low-budget, independent film Preview For The Movie Juno may be made with a Preview For The Movie Juno skeleton crew, often paid very little. Preview For The Movie Juno Also, an open source film may be Preview For The Movie Juno produced through open, Preview For The Movie Juno collaborative processes. Filmmaking takes Preview For The Movie Juno place all over the world using different technologies, styles of acting and genre, and Preview For The Movie Juno is produced in a variety Preview For The Movie Juno of economic contexts that range from state-sponsored documentary in Preview For The Movie Juno China to profit-oriented Preview For The Movie Juno movie making within the American studio system.
This production cycle typically takes three years. The first year is taken up with development. The second year comprises preproduction Preview For The Movie Juno and production. The third year, post-production and distribution.
Crew
Main article: Film crew
A film Preview For The Movie Juno crew is a group of people hired by a film company, employed during the "production" or "photography" phase, for the purpose of Preview For The Movie Juno producing a film or motion picture. Preview For The Movie Juno Crew are distinguished Preview For The Movie Juno from cast, the actors who appear in front of the camera or provide voices for characters in the film. The crew interacts with but is also distinct from the production staff, consisting of producers, managers, company representatives, their assistants, and those whose primary responsibility falls in pre-production Preview For The Movie Juno or post-production phases, such as writers and editors. Communication between production and crew generally passes through the director and his/her Movie Therters staff of assistants. Medium-to-large Preview For The Movie Juno crews are generally divided into departments with well defined hierarchies and standards Preview For The Movie Juno for interaction and cooperation between the departments. Other than acting, Preview For The Movie Juno the crew handles everything in the photography phase: props and costumes, shooting, sound, electrics (i.e., lights), sets, and production special Preview For The Movie Juno effects. Caterers (known in the film industry as "craft services") are usually not considered part of the crew.
Technology
Film stock consists of Preview For The Movie Juno transparent celluloid, acetate, or polyester base Preview For The Movie Juno coated with an emulsion containing light-sensitive chemicals. Cellulose nitrate was the first type of film base used to record motion pictures, but due to its flammability was eventually replaced by safer materials. Stock widths and the film format for images on the reel have had a rich Preview For The Movie Juno history, though most large commercial films are still shot on (and distributed to theaters) as 35 mm prints.
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Originally moving picture film was shot and projected at various speeds using hand-cranked cameras and projectors; though Preview For The Movie Juno 1000 frames per minute (16? frame/s) Preview For The Movie Juno is generally cited Preview For The Movie Juno as a Preview For The Movie Juno standard silent speed, research indicates most films were shot between 16 frame/s and 23 frame/s and projected from 18 frame/s on up (often reels included instructions on how fast each scene should be shown) [1]. When sound film was introduced in the late 1920s, a constant speed was required for the sound head. 24 frames per second was chosen because it was the slowest (and thus cheapest) Preview For The Movie Juno speed which allowed for sufficient sound quality. Improvements since the late 19th century include the mechanization of cameras � allowing them to record at a Preview For The Movie Juno consistent speed, quiet camera design � allowing sound recorded on-set to be usable without requiring large "blimps" to encase the camera, the invention of more sophisticated filmstocks and lenses, allowing directors to film in increasingly dim conditions, Preview For The Movie Juno and the development of synchronized sound, allowing sound to be recorded at exactly the same speed as its corresponding action. The soundtrack can be recorded separately from shooting the film, but Preview For The Movie Juno for live-action Preview For The Movie Juno pictures many parts of the soundtrack are usually recorded simultaneously.
As a medium, film Preview For The Movie Juno is Preview For The Movie Juno not Preview For The Movie Juno limited to motion pictures, since the technology developed as the basis for Preview For The Movie Juno photography. It can be used to present a progressive sequence of still images in the form of a slideshow. Film has also been incorporated into multimedia presentations, and Preview For The Movie Juno often has importance as primary historical documentation. However, historic Preview For The Movie Juno films have problems in terms of preservation and storage, and the motion picture industry is exploring many alternatives. Most movies on cellulose nitrate base have been copied onto modern Preview For The Movie Juno safety Preview For The Movie Juno films. Some studios save color films through the use of separation masters � three B&W negatives each exposed through red, green, Preview For The Movie Juno or blue filters (essentially Preview For The Movie Juno a reverse of the Technicolor process). Digital methods have also been Preview For The Movie Juno used to restore films, although their continued obsolescence cycle makes them (as of 2006) a poor choice for long-term preservation. Film preservation of decaying film stock is a matter of concern to both Preview For The Movie Juno film historians and archivists, and to companies interested in preserving their Preview For The Movie Juno existing products in order to make them Preview For The Movie Juno available to future generations Preview For The Movie Juno (and Preview For The Movie Juno thereby increase revenue). Preservation is generally a Preview For The Movie Juno higher-concern for nitrate and single-strip color films, due Preview For The Movie Juno to their high decay rates; black and Preview For The Movie Juno white films Preview For The Movie Juno on safety bases and Preview For The Movie Juno color films preserved Preview For The Movie Juno on Technicolor imbibition prints Preview For The Movie Juno tend to keep Preview For The Movie Juno up much better, Preview For The Movie Juno assuming proper handling and storage.
Some films in recent decades have been recorded using analog video Preview For The Movie Juno technology similar to that used in television production. Modern digital video cameras and digital projectors are gaining ground as well. These Preview For The Movie Juno approaches are extremely beneficial to moviemakers, especially because footage can be evaluated Preview For The Movie Juno and edited without waiting for the film Preview For The Movie Juno stock to be Preview For The Movie Juno processed. Yet the migration Preview For The Movie Juno is gradual, and as of 2005 most Preview For The Movie Juno major motion pictures are still recorded on Preview For The Movie Juno film.
Independent
Main article: Independent Preview For The Movie Juno film
The Lumiere Brothers
Independent filmmaking often takes place outside of Hollywood, or other major studio systems. An independent film (or Preview For The Movie Juno indie film) is a film initially produced without financing or distribution from a major movie studio. Creative, business, and technological reasons have all contributed to the growth of the indie film scene in Preview For The Movie Juno the Preview For The Movie Juno late 20th and early 21st century.
On the business side, the costs of big-budget studio films also leads to Preview For The Movie Juno conservative choices in cast and crew. There is a trend in Hollywood towards co-financing (over two-thirds of Preview For The Movie Juno the films put out by Warner Bros. in Preview For The Movie Juno 2000 were joint ventures, up from 10% in 1987).[2] A hopeful director Preview For The Movie Juno is almost never given the opportunity to get a job on a big-budget studio film unless he or she has significant industry experience in film or television. Also, the studios rarely produce Preview For The Movie Juno films with unknown actors, particularly Preview For The Movie Juno in lead roles.
Before the advent of digital alternatives, Preview For The Movie Juno the cost of professional Preview For The Movie Juno film equipment and stock was also a Preview For The Movie Juno hurdle to being able to produce, direct, or star in a traditional studio Preview For The Movie Juno film. The cost of 35 mm film is outpacing inflation: in 2002 alone, film negative Preview For The Movie Juno costs were up 23%, according to Variety.[2].
But the advent of consumer camcorders in 1985, and more importantly, the arrival of high-resolution digital video in the early 1990s, have lowered the technology barrier to movie production Movie Supplier significantly. Both production and post-production costs have been significantly lowered; today, the hardware and software for post-production can be Preview For The Movie Juno installed in a commodity-based personal computer. Technologies such as DVDs, FireWire connections and non-linear editing system pro-level software like Adobe Premiere Pro, Sony Vegas and Apple's Final Cut Pro, Preview For The Movie Juno and consumer level software such as Apple's Final Cut Express and iMovie make movie-making relatively inexpensive.
Since the Preview For The Movie Juno introduction of DV Preview For The Movie Juno technology, the means of production have become more democratized. Filmmakers can conceivably shoot and edit a movie, create and edit the Preview For The Movie Juno sound and Preview For The Movie Juno music, and mix the final cut on a home computer. However, while the means of production Preview For The Movie Juno may Preview For The Movie Juno be democratized, financing, distribution, and marketing remain difficult to accomplish outside the traditional system. Most independent filmmakers rely on Preview For The Movie Juno film festivals Preview For The Movie Juno to get their films noticed and sold for distribution. The arrival of internet-based video outlets such as YouTube and Veoh has further changed the film making landscape in ways that Preview For The Movie Juno are still to be Preview For The Movie Juno determined.
Open content film
Main article: Preview For The Movie Juno Open content film
An open Preview For The Movie Juno content film is much like an independent film, but it is produced through open collaborations; its source material is available under a license which is permissive Preview For The Movie Juno enough to allow other parties to create fan fiction or derivative works, than Preview For The Movie Juno a traditional copyright. Like independent filmmaking, open source filmmaking takes place outside of Hollywood, or other major studio systems.
Fan Preview For The Movie Juno film
Main article: Fan film
A fan film is a film or video inspired by Preview For The Movie Juno a film, television program, comic book Preview For The Movie Juno or a similar Preview For The Movie Juno source, created by fans rather than by the source's copyright holders or creators. Fan Preview For The Movie Juno filmmakers have traditionally been amateurs, but some of the more notable films have actually been produced by professional filmmakers as film Preview For The Movie Juno school class projects or as Preview For The Movie Juno demonstration reels. Fan films vary tremendously Preview For The Movie Juno in length, from short faux-teaser trailers for non-existent Preview For The Movie Juno motion pictures to rarer full-length motion pictures
Animation is the technique in which each frame Preview For The Movie Juno of a film Preview For The Movie Juno is produced individually, whether generated as a computer graphic, or by photographing a drawn image, or by repeatedly making small Preview For The Movie Juno changes to a model unit (see claymation and stop motion), and then photographing the result with a special animation camera. When the frames are strung together Preview For The Movie Juno and Movie Downloads Win2k the resulting film is viewed Preview For The Movie Juno at a speed of 16 or more frames per Preview For The Movie Juno second, there is an illusion of continuous movement (due to the persistence of vision). Generating such a Preview For The Movie Juno film is very labour intensive and tedious, though the development of computer animation Preview For The Movie Juno has greatly sped up the process.
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File Preview For The Movie Juno formats like GIF, QuickTime, Shockwave and Flash allow Preview For The Movie Juno animation to Preview For The Movie Juno be viewed on a computer or over the Internet.
Because animation is very time-consuming and often very expensive to produce, the majority of animation for TV and movies comes from professional Preview For The Movie Juno animation studios. However, the field of independent animation has existed at least Preview For The Movie Juno since the 1950s, with animation being produced by independent studios (and sometimes by a Preview For The Movie Juno single person). Several independent animation producers have gone on to enter the professional animation industry.
Limited animation is a way of Preview For The Movie Juno increasing production and decreasing costs of animation by using "short Preview For The Movie Juno cuts" Preview For The Movie Juno in the animation process. This method was pioneered by UPA and popularized by Hanna-Barbera, and adapted by other studios Preview For The Movie Juno as cartoons moved from movie theaters to television.[3]
Although most animation Preview For The Movie Juno studios are now using digital technologies in their productions, there is a specific style of animation Preview For The Movie Juno that depends on film. Cameraless animation, made Preview For The Movie Juno famous by moviemakers like Norman McLaren, Len Lye and Stan Brakhage, is painted and drawn directly onto pieces of film, and then run Preview For The Movie Juno through a projector.
Venues
When it is Preview For The Movie Juno initially produced, a Preview For The Movie Juno feature film is often shown to audiences in a movie theater or cinema. The first theater designed exclusively for cinema opened in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in 1905.[4] Thousands Preview For The Movie Juno of such theaters were built or Preview For The Movie Juno converted from existing facilities within a few Preview For The Movie Juno years.[5] In the United States, these theaters came to be known as nickelodeons, because admission typically Preview For The Movie Juno cost a nickel (five cents).
Typically, one film is the featured presentation (or Preview For The Movie Juno feature film). Before Preview For The Movie Juno the Preview For The Movie Juno 1970s, there were "double features"; typically, a high Preview For The Movie Juno quality Preview For The Movie Juno "A picture" rented by an independent theater Preview For The Movie Juno for Preview For The Movie Juno a lump sum, and a "B Preview For The Movie Juno picture" Preview For The Movie Juno of lower quality Preview For The Movie Juno rented for a percentage of the gross receipts. Today, Preview For The Movie Juno the bulk Preview For The Movie Juno of the material shown before the feature film consists of Preview For The Movie Juno previews for upcoming movies and paid advertisements (also known as trailers or "The Twenty").
Historically, all mass marketed Preview For The Movie Juno feature films were made to be shown in movie theaters. The development Preview For The Movie Juno of television has allowed films to Preview For The Movie Juno be broadcast to larger audiences, usually Preview For The Movie Juno after the film is Preview For The Movie Juno no longer being shown in theaters. Recording technology has also enabled consumers Preview For The Movie Juno to rent or buy copies of films on Preview For The Movie Juno VHS or DVD (and the older formats of laserdisc, VCD and SelectaVision � see also videodisc), and Internet downloads may be available and have started to become revenue sources for Preview For The Movie Juno the film companies. Some films are now made specifically for these other venues, being released as Preview For The Movie Juno made-for-TV movies or direct-to-video movies. The production values on these films Preview For The Movie Juno are often considered Preview For The Movie Juno to be Preview For The Movie Juno of inferior Preview For The Movie Juno quality compared Preview For The Movie Juno to theatrical releases in similar genres, and indeed, Preview For The Movie Juno some films that are Preview For The Movie Juno rejected by their own studios upon completion are distributed Preview For The Movie Juno through these markets.
The movie theater pays an average of about 50-55% of Preview For The Movie Juno its ticket Preview For The Movie Juno sales to the movie studio, as film rental fees.[6] The actual percentage starts with Preview For The Movie Juno a number higher Preview For The Movie Juno than that, and decreases as Preview For The Movie Juno the duration of a film's Preview For The Movie Juno showing continues, as an incentive Preview For The Movie Juno to theaters to keep movies in He Got Game Movie the theater longer. Preview For The Movie Juno However, today's barrage Preview For The Movie Juno of highly marketed movies ensures that most movies are shown Preview For The Movie Juno in Preview For The Movie Juno first-run theaters for less than 8 weeks. There are a few movies every year that defy this rule, often limited-release movies that start in only a few theaters and actually grow their theater count through good word-of-mouth and reviews. According to a 2000 Preview For The Movie Juno study by ABN AMRO, about 26% of Hollywood movie studios' worldwide income came from box office ticket sales; 46% came from VHS and DVD sales to consumers; and 28% came from television (broadcast, cable, and Preview For The Movie Juno pay-per-view).[6]
Future Preview For The Movie Juno state
While motion picture films have been around for more than Preview For The Movie Juno a century, film is still a relative newcomer in the pantheon Preview For The Movie Juno of Preview For The Movie Juno fine arts. In the 1950s, when television became widely available, industry analysts predicted the demise of local movie theaters. Despite Preview For The Movie Juno competition from television's increasing technological sophistication over Preview For The Movie Juno the 1960s and Preview For The Movie Juno 1970s, such as the development of color television and large screens, Preview For The Movie Juno motion picture cinemas continued. In the 1980s, when the widespread availability of inexpensive videocassette recorders enabled people to select films for home viewing, industry analysts Preview For The Movie Juno again wrongly predicted the death of the local cinemas.
In the 1990s and 2000s the Preview For The Movie Juno development of digital DVD players, home theater amplification systems Preview For The Movie Juno with surround sound and subwoofers, and large LCD or plasma screens enabled people to select and view Preview For The Movie Juno films at home with greatly improved audio and visual reproduction. These new technologies provided audio and visual that in the past only local cinemas had been able to provide: a large, clear widescreen presentation of a film with a Preview For The Movie Juno full-range, high-quality multi-speaker sound system. Once Preview For The Movie Juno again industry analysts predicted the demise of the Preview For The Movie Juno local cinema. Local cinemas will be changing in the 2000s and moving towards digital screens, a new approach which Preview For The Movie Juno will allow for easier and quicker distribution |
