Film is a Tracy Ca Movie Theaters term that encompasses individual motion pictures, the field of film as an art form, and the motion picture industry. Films are produced by recording images from the world with cameras, or by creating images using animation techniques or special effects.
Films are cultural artifacts created by specific cultures, which Tracy Ca Movie Theaters reflect those cultures, and, Tracy Ca Movie Theaters in turn, affect them. Film is considered to Tracy Ca Movie Theaters be an important art form, a source of popular entertainment and a powerful method Tracy Ca Movie Theaters for educating Tracy Ca Movie Theaters � or indoctrinating � citizens. Tracy Ca Movie Theaters The Tracy Ca Movie Theaters visual elements of cinema gives motion pictures a universal power of communication. Some films have become popular worldwide attractions by using Tracy Ca Movie Theaters dubbing or subtitles that translate the dialogue.
Traditional films are made up of a series of individual images called frames. When Tracy Ca Movie Theaters these images are shown rapidly in succession, a viewer has the illusion that motion is occurring. Already Dead Movie The viewer cannot see the flickering between frames due to an effect known as persistence of vision, whereby the eye retains a
The origin of the name "film" comes from the fact that photographic film (also called film stock) had historically been the Tracy Ca Movie Theaters primary medium for recording and displaying motion pictures. Many other terms exist for an individual motion picture, including picture, picture Tracy Ca Movie Theaters show, photo-play, flick, and most commonly, movie. Additional terms for the field in general include the big screen, the silver screen, the cinema, and the movies.In the 1860s, mechanisms for Tracy Ca Movie Theaters producing artificially created, two-dimensional images in motion were demonstrated with Tracy Ca Movie Theaters devices such as the Tracy Ca Movie Theaters zoetrope and the praxinoscope. These Tracy Ca Movie Theaters machines were outgrowths of simple optical devices (such as magic lanterns) and would display sequences of still pictures at sufficient speed for the images on the pictures to Tracy Ca Movie Theaters appear to be Tracy Ca Movie Theaters moving, a phenomenon called persistence Coming Soon Movie News of Tracy Ca Movie Theaters vision. Naturally, the images needed to be Palestine Texas Movie Theater carefully Tracy Ca Movie Theaters designed to achieve the desired effect � and the underlying principle became the basis for the development of film animation.
A frame from Tracy Ca Movie Theaters Roundhay Garden Scene, the world's earliest Tracy Ca Movie Theaters film, by Louis Tracy Ca Movie Theaters Le Prince, 1888
With the development of celluloid film for still photography, it became possible Tracy Ca Movie Theaters to directly capture objects in motion in real time. Early versions of the technology sometimes Tracy Ca Movie Theaters required a person to look into a viewing machine to see the pictures which were separate paper prints attached to a drum turned by a handcrank. The pictures were shown at a variable speed of about 5 to 10 pictures Tracy Ca Movie Theaters per second depending on how Tracy Ca Movie Theaters rapidly the crank was Tracy Ca Movie Theaters turned. Some of these machines were coin operated. By the 1880s, the development of the motion picture camera allowed Tracy Ca Movie Theaters the individual component Tracy Ca Movie Theaters images to be captured Tracy Ca Movie Theaters and stored on a single reel, and led quickly to the development of a motion picture projector Tracy Ca Movie Theaters to shine light through the processed and printed film Tracy Ca Movie Theaters and magnify these "moving Tracy Ca Movie Theaters picture shows" onto a screen for an entire audience. These reels, so exhibited, came to be known as "motion pictures". Tracy Ca Movie Theaters Early Make A Movie Online For Free motion pictures were static shots that showed an event or action with no Tracy Ca Movie Theaters editing or other cinematic techniques.
Ignoring Dickson's early sound Tracy Ca Movie Theaters experiments (1894), commercial motion pictures were Tracy Ca Movie Theaters purely visual art through the late 19th century, but these Tracy Ca Movie Theaters innovative silent films had gained a hold on Tracy Ca Movie Theaters the public imagination. Tracy Ca Movie Theaters Around the turn of the twentieth century, films began developing a narrative structure by stringing scenes together to tell narratives. The scenes were later broken up into multiple shots Tracy Ca Movie Theaters of varying sizes and angles. Other techniques such as camera movement were Tracy Ca Movie Theaters realized as Tracy Ca Movie Theaters effective ways to portray a story on film. Rather than leave Tracy Ca Movie Theaters the audience in silence, Tracy Ca Movie Theaters theater owners would hire a pianist or organist or a full orchestra to play music fitting the Tracy Ca Movie Theaters mood of Tracy Ca Movie Theaters the film at any given moment. By Tracy Ca Movie Theaters the early 1920s, most films came Tracy Ca Movie Theaters with a prepared list of sheet music for this purpose, with complete film scores being Tracy Ca Movie Theaters composed for major productions.
A shot from Georges Melies Le Voyage dans la Lune (A Trip to the Moon) (1902), an early narrative Tracy Ca Movie Theaters film.
The Tracy Ca Movie Theaters rise of European cinema was interrupted by the breakout of Tracy Ca Movie Theaters World Tracy Ca Movie Theaters War I while the film industry in United States flourished with the Tracy Ca Movie Theaters rise of Hollywood. However in the 1920s, European filmmakers such Tracy Ca Movie Theaters as Sergei Eisenstein, F. W. Murnau, and Fritz Lang, along with American innovator D. W. Griffith and Tracy Ca Movie Theaters the Tracy Ca Movie Theaters contributions of Charles Tracy Ca Movie Theaters Chaplin, Buster Keaton and others, continued to advance Tracy Ca Movie Theaters the medium. In the 1920s, new technology allowed filmmakers to attach Tracy Ca Movie Theaters to each film a soundtrack of speech, music and sound effects synchronized with the action on the screen. These sound films were initially distinguished by calling them "talking pictures", or talkies.
The next major step in the Tracy Ca Movie Theaters development of cinema was the introduction of so-called "natural" color. While the addition of sound quickly eclipsed silent film and Tracy Ca Movie Theaters theater musicians, color was adopted more gradually as methods evolved making it more Tracy Ca Movie Theaters practical and cost effective to Tracy Ca Movie Theaters produce "natural color" films. The public was relatively indifferent to color photography as opposed to black-and-white,[citation needed] but as color processes improved and became as Tracy Ca Movie Theaters affordable as black-and-white film, more and more movies were filmed Tracy Ca Movie Theaters in Tracy Ca Movie Theaters color after the end of World War Tracy Ca Movie Theaters II, as the industry in America came to view color as essential to attracting audiences in its competition with television, which remained a black-and-white medium until the mid-1960s. By the end of the 1960s, col
Since the decline of the studio system in the 1960s, the succeeding decades saw changes in the production and style of film. New Hollywood, French New Wave and the rise of film school educated independent filmmakers were all part of the changes the medium experienced in the latter half of the 20th century. Digital technology has been the driving force in change throughout the 1990s and into the 21st century.
Theory
Main Tracy Ca Movie Theaters article: Film theory
Film theory seeks to develop Tracy Ca Movie Theaters concise and systematic concepts that Tracy Ca Movie Theaters apply to the study of film as art. It was Tracy Ca Movie Theaters started by Ricciotto Canudo's The Birth of the Sixth Art. Formalist film theory, led by Rudolf Arnheim, Bela Balazs, and Siegfried Kracauer, emphasized how film differed from Tracy Ca Movie Theaters reality, and thus could be considered a valid fine art. Andre Bazin reacted against this theory by arguing that film's Tracy Ca Movie Theaters artistic essence lay in its ability to mechanically Tracy Ca Movie Theaters reproduce reality not in its differences from reality, and this gave rise to realist theory. More recent analysis spurred by Lacan's psychoanalysis and Ferdinand de Saussure's semiotics Tracy Ca Movie Theaters among other things has given rise to psychoanalytical Tracy Ca Movie Theaters film theory, structuralist film theory, feminist Tracy Ca Movie Theaters film Tracy Ca Movie Theaters theory and others.
Criticism
Main article: Tracy Ca Movie Theaters Film criticism
Film criticism is the analysis and evaluation of films. In Tracy Ca Movie Theaters general, these works can be divided into two categories: academic Tracy Ca Movie Theaters criticism by film scholars and journalistic film criticism that appears regularly in newspapers and other media.
Film critics working for newspapers, magazines, and broadcast media Tracy Ca Movie Theaters mainly review new releases. Normally they only see any given film once and have only a day or two to formulate opinions. Despite this, critics have an important impact on Tracy Ca Movie Theaters films, especially those of certain genres. Mass marketed action, horror, and comedy films tend not to be greatly Tracy Ca Movie Theaters affected by a critic's overall Tracy Ca Movie Theaters judgment of a film. The plot summary and description of a film that Tracy Ca Movie Theaters makes up the majority Tracy Ca Movie Theaters of any film review can still have an important impact on Tracy Ca Movie Theaters whether people Tracy Ca Movie Theaters decide Tracy Ca Movie Theaters to see a film. For prestige films such as most dramas, the influence of reviews is extremely important. Poor reviews will often doom a film to Tracy Ca Movie Theaters obscurity and financial loss.
The impact Tracy Ca Movie Theaters of a reviewer on a given film's box office performance is Tracy Ca Movie Theaters a matter of debate. Some claim that movie marketing is now so intense and well financed that reviewers cannot make an impact against it. However, the Tracy Ca Movie Theaters cataclysmic failure of some heavily-promoted movies which were harshly reviewed, as well as the Tracy Ca Movie Theaters unexpected success of critically praised independent movies indicates Tracy Ca Movie Theaters that extreme critical reactions can have considerable influence. Others note Tracy Ca Movie Theaters that positive film reviews Tracy Ca Movie Theaters have been shown to spark interest in little-known films. Conversely, there have been several Tracy Ca Movie Theaters films in which film companies have so little confidence Tracy Ca Movie Theaters that they refuse to give reviewers an advanced viewing to Tracy Ca Movie Theaters avoid widespread panning of the film. However, this usually backfires as reviewers are wise to the tactic and warn the public that the film may not be worth seeing and the films often do poorly as a Tracy Ca Movie Theaters result.
It is argued that journalist film critics should only be known as film reviewers, and true film critics are those who take a more academic approach to films. This Tracy Ca Movie Theaters line of work Tracy Ca Movie Theaters is more Tracy Ca Movie Theaters often known as film theory or film studies. These film critics attempt to come to understand how Tracy Ca Movie Theaters film and filming techniques Tracy Ca Movie Theaters work, and Tracy Ca Movie Theaters what effect they have on people. Rather than having their works published in Tracy Ca Movie Theaters newspapers or appear on television, their articles are published in scholarly journals, or sometimes in up-market magazines. Tracy Ca Movie Theaters They also tend to be affiliated with colleges or universities.
Industry
Main article: Film industry
The making and showing of motion pictures became a source of profit almost as soon as the process was invented. Upon seeing how successful their new invention, and its product, was in their native France, the Lumieres quickly set about touring the Continent to exhibit the first films privately to royalty and publicly to the masses. In each Tracy Ca Movie Theaters country, they would normally add new, local Tracy Ca Movie Theaters scenes to their catalogue and, quickly enough, Tracy Ca Movie Theaters found Tracy Ca Movie Theaters local entrepreneurs in the various countries Tracy Ca Movie Theaters of Europe Tracy Ca Movie Theaters to buy their equipment and Tracy Ca Movie Theaters photograph, export, import Tracy Ca Movie Theaters and screen additional product commercially. The Oberammergau Passion Play of 1898[citation needed] was the first commercial motion picture ever produced. Other Tracy Ca Movie Theaters pictures soon followed, and motion pictures became a separate industry that overshadowed the vaudeville world. Dedicated theaters and companies formed specifically to produce and distribute films, while motion picture actors became major celebrities and commanded huge fees Tracy Ca Movie Theaters for their Tracy Ca Movie Theaters performances. Already Tracy Ca Movie Theaters by 1917, Charlie Chaplin had a contract that called for an annual salary of one million dollars.
|
In the United States today, much of the Tracy Ca Movie Theaters film industry is centered around Hollywood. Other regional centers exist in many parts of the world, such as Mumbai-centered Bollywood, the Indian film industry's Hindi cinema which produces the largest number of films in the world.[1] Whether the ten thousand-plus feature length films a year produced by the Tracy Ca Movie Theaters Valley pornographic film Tracy Ca Movie Theaters industry should qualify for this title is the source of some debate.[citation needed] Though the expense involved in making movies has led cinema production to concentrate under the auspices of movie studios, recent advances in affordable film making equipment have allowed independent film productions to flourish.
Profit is a key force in the industry, due to the Tracy Ca Movie Theaters costly Tracy Ca Movie Theaters and risky nature Tracy Ca Movie Theaters of filmmaking; Tracy Ca Movie Theaters many films have large cost overruns, a notorious example being Tracy Ca Movie Theaters Kevin Costner's Waterworld. Yet many Tracy Ca Movie Theaters filmmakers strive to create works of lasting social significance. Tracy Ca Movie Theaters The Academy Awards (also known as "the Oscars") are the most prominent film awards in Tracy Ca Movie Theaters the United States, providing recognition Tracy Ca Movie Theaters each year to films, ostensibly based on their artistic merits.
There is also a large industry for educational and instructional films made in lieu Tracy Ca Movie Theaters of or Tracy Ca Movie Theaters in Tracy Ca Movie Theaters addition to lectures and Tracy Ca Movie Theaters texts.
Preview
A preview performance refers to a showing Tracy Ca Movie Theaters of a movie to a select audience, usually for the purposes of corporate promotions, before the public film Tracy Ca Movie Theaters premiere itself. Previews are sometimes used to judge audience reaction, which if unexpectedly negative, may result in recutting or even refilming certain sections. (cf Audience response.)
Trailer
Main article: Trailer (film)
Trailers or previews are Tracy Ca Movie Theaters film advertisements for films that will be exhibited in the future at Tracy Ca Movie Theaters a cinema, on whose screen they are shown. The term "trailer" comes from their having originally been shown at the Tracy Ca Movie Theaters end of a film programme. That practice did not last long, because patrons tended to leave the theater after the films ended, but the name has Tracy Ca Movie Theaters stuck. Trailers are now shown before the film (or the A movie in a double feature program) begins.
The nature of the film determines the size Tracy Ca Movie Theaters and type of crew required during filmmaking. Many Hollywood Tracy Ca Movie Theaters adventure films need computer generated imagery (CGI), created by dozens of 3D modellers, animators, rotoscopers and compositors. However, a low-budget, independent film may be made with a skeleton crew, often paid very little. Also, an open source film may be produced through open, collaborative processes. Filmmaking takes place Tracy Ca Movie Theaters all over the world using different technologies, styles of acting and genre, and is produced in a variety of economic contexts that range from Tracy Ca Movie Theaters state-sponsored documentary in China to profit-oriented movie making within the American studio system.
This production cycle Tracy Ca Movie Theaters typically takes three years. The first year is Tracy Ca Movie Theaters taken up with development. The second year comprises preproduction and production. Tracy Ca Movie Theaters The third year, post-production and distribution.
Crew
Main article: Tracy Ca Movie Theaters Film crew
A film crew is Tracy Ca Movie Theaters a group of people hired by a film company, Tracy Ca Movie Theaters employed during the "production" or "photography" phase, Tracy Ca Movie Theaters for the purpose of producing a film or motion picture. Crew are distinguished from cast, the actors who appear Tracy Ca Movie Theaters in front of the camera or provide voices for Tracy Ca Movie Theaters characters in the film. The crew interacts with but is also distinct from the production staff, consisting of producers, managers, company Tracy Ca Movie Theaters representatives, their assistants, and those whose primary responsibility falls in pre-production Tracy Ca Movie Theaters or Tracy Ca Movie Theaters post-production phases, such as writers and editors. Communication between production and Tracy Ca Movie Theaters crew generally passes through the director and his/her staff Tracy Ca Movie Theaters of assistants. Medium-to-large crews are generally divided into departments with well defined hierarchies and standards for interaction and cooperation Tracy Ca Movie Theaters between the Tracy Ca Movie Theaters departments. Other than acting, the crew handles Tracy Ca Movie Theaters everything in the Tracy Ca Movie Theaters photography phase: props and costumes, Tracy Ca Movie Theaters shooting, sound, electrics (i.e., lights), Tracy Ca Movie Theaters sets, and Tracy Ca Movie Theaters production special effects. Caterers Tracy Ca Movie Theaters (known in Tracy Ca Movie Theaters the film Tracy Ca Movie Theaters industry Tracy Ca Movie Theaters as "craft services") are usually Tracy Ca Movie Theaters not considered part of the Tracy Ca Movie Theaters crew.
Technology
Film stock consists of transparent celluloid, Tracy Ca Movie Theaters acetate, or polyester base coated with an emulsion containing light-sensitive Tracy Ca Movie Theaters chemicals. Cellulose nitrate was the first type of film base used to record motion pictures, but due to its flammability was eventually replaced by safer materials. Tracy Ca Movie Theaters Stock widths and the film format for images on the reel have had a rich history, though most large commercial films are still shot Tracy Ca Movie Theaters on (and distributed to theaters) as 35 mm prints.
Originally moving Tracy Ca Movie Theaters picture film was shot and projected at various speeds using hand-cranked cameras and projectors; though 1000 frames per minute (16? frame/s) is generally Tracy Ca Movie Theaters cited as a standard silent speed, research indicates most films Tracy Ca Movie Theaters were shot between 16 frame/s and 23 frame/s and projected from 18 frame/s on up (often reels included instructions Tracy Ca Movie Theaters on Tracy Ca Movie Theaters how fast each scene should be shown) [1]. When sound film was introduced in the late 1920s, a constant speed was required for the sound Tracy Ca Movie Theaters head. 24 frames per second was chosen because it Tracy Ca Movie Theaters was the slowest (and thus cheapest) speed which allowed for sufficient sound quality. Improvements since the late 19th century Tracy Ca Movie Theaters include the mechanization of cameras � allowing them to record at a consistent speed, quiet camera design � allowing sound recorded on-set to Tracy Ca Movie Theaters be usable without requiring large "blimps" to encase the camera, the invention of more sophisticated filmstocks and lenses, Tracy Ca Movie Theaters allowing directors to film in increasingly dim conditions, and the development of synchronized Tracy Ca Movie Theaters sound, allowing sound to be recorded at exactly the same speed as its corresponding action. The soundtrack can be Tracy Ca Movie Theaters recorded separately from shooting the Tracy Ca Movie Theaters film, but for live-action pictures Tracy Ca Movie Theaters many parts of the soundtrack are usually recorded Tracy Ca Movie Theaters simultaneously.
As a medium, film Tracy Ca Movie Theaters is not limited to motion Tracy Ca Movie Theaters pictures, since the technology developed as the basis for photography. It can be used to present a progressive sequence Tracy Ca Movie Theaters of still images Tracy Ca Movie Theaters in the form of a slideshow. Film has also been incorporated into multimedia presentations, and often has importance as primary historical documentation. However, historic Tracy Ca Movie Theaters films have problems in terms Tracy Ca Movie Theaters of preservation and storage, and the motion picture industry is exploring many alternatives. Tracy Ca Movie Theaters Most movies Tracy Ca Movie Theaters on Tracy Ca Movie Theaters cellulose nitrate base have been copied onto modern safety films. Some studios save color films through the use of separation masters � three Tracy Ca Movie Theaters B&W negatives each Tracy Ca Movie Theaters exposed through red, green, or blue filters (essentially a reverse of the Technicolor Tracy Ca Movie Theaters process). Digital methods Tracy Ca Movie Theaters have Tracy Ca Movie Theaters also been used to restore films, although their continued obsolescence cycle makes them (as of 2006) a poor choice for long-term preservation. Film preservation of decaying film stock is a matter of concern to both film historians and archivists, and to companies interested in preserving their existing products in order to make Tracy Ca Movie Theaters them available to future generations (and thereby increase revenue). Preservation is generally a higher-concern for nitrate and single-strip color films, due to their high decay Tracy Ca Movie Theaters rates; black and white films Tracy Ca Movie Theaters on safety bases and Tracy Ca Movie Theaters color films preserved on Technicolor imbibition prints Tracy Ca Movie Theaters tend to keep up much better, assuming Tracy Ca Movie Theaters proper handling and storage.
Some films in recent decades Tracy Ca Movie Theaters have been recorded using analog video technology similar Tracy Ca Movie Theaters to that used in television production. Modern digital video cameras Tracy Ca Movie Theaters and digital projectors are gaining ground as well. These approaches are extremely beneficial to moviemakers, especially because footage can be evaluated and edited Tracy Ca Movie Theaters without waiting for the film stock to be processed. Yet the migration is gradual, and as of 2005 most major motion pictures are still recorded on film.
Independent
Main article: Independent film
The Lumiere Brothers
Independent filmmaking often takes place Tracy Ca Movie Theaters outside of Hollywood, or other major studio systems. An independent film (or indie film) is a film initially produced without financing or distribution from a major movie studio. Creative, Tracy Ca Movie Theaters business, and technological reasons have all contributed to the growth of the indie film scene in the late 20th and Tracy Ca Movie Theaters early 21st Tracy Ca Movie Theaters century.
On the business side, the costs of big-budget studio films also leads to conservative choices in cast and crew. There is a trend in Hollywood Tracy Ca Movie Theaters towards co-financing (over two-thirds of the films put out by Warner Bros. in 2000 were joint ventures, up from 10% in 1987).[2] A hopeful director is almost never given the opportunity to get a job Tracy Ca Movie Theaters on a big-budget Tracy Ca Movie Theaters studio film unless he or she has significant industry experience in film or television. Also, the studios rarely produce films with unknown actors, particularly in lead roles.
Before the advent Tracy Ca Movie Theaters of digital alternatives, the cost of professional Tracy Ca Movie Theaters film equipment and Tracy Ca Movie Theaters stock was also a hurdle to being able to produce, Tracy Ca Movie Theaters direct, or Tracy Ca Movie Theaters star in a traditional studio film. Tracy Ca Movie Theaters The Tracy Ca Movie Theaters cost of 35 mm film is outpacing inflation: in 2002 alone, film negative costs were up 23%, according to Variety.[2].
But the advent of consumer camcorders in 1985, and more importantly, the arrival of high-resolution digital video in the early Tracy Ca Movie Theaters 1990s, have lowered the Tracy Ca Movie Theaters technology barrier to movie production significantly. Both production and post-production costs have been significantly Tracy Ca Movie Theaters lowered; Tracy Ca Movie Theaters today, the hardware and software for Tracy Ca Movie Theaters post-production can be installed in a commodity-based personal computer. Technologies such as DVDs, FireWire connections Tracy Ca Movie Theaters and non-linear Tracy Ca Movie Theaters editing system pro-level software like Adobe Tracy Ca Movie Theaters Premiere Pro, Sony Vegas and Apple's Final Cut Pro, and Tracy Ca Movie Theaters consumer level software such as Apple's Final Cut Express and iMovie make movie-making relatively inexpensive.
|
Since the introduction of DV technology, the means of production have Tracy Ca Movie Theaters become more democratized. Filmmakers can Tracy Ca Movie Theaters conceivably shoot and edit a movie, create and Tracy Ca Movie Theaters edit the sound and music, Tracy Ca Movie Theaters and mix the final cut on a home computer. However, while the means of production may be democratized, financing, distribution, and Tracy Ca Movie Theaters marketing remain difficult to accomplish outside the traditional system. Most independent filmmakers rely on film festivals to get their films noticed and sold for distribution. The arrival of internet-based video outlets such as YouTube and Veoh has further changed the film making landscape in ways that are still to be determined.
Open content Tracy Ca Movie Theaters film
Main article: Open content film
An open content film is much like an independent film, but it is produced through open collaborations; its source material is available under a license which Tracy Ca Movie Theaters is permissive enough to allow other parties to create fan fiction or derivative works, than a traditional copyright. Like independent filmmaking, open source filmmaking Tracy Ca Movie Theaters takes place Tracy Ca Movie Theaters outside of Hollywood, or other major studio systems.
Fan film
Main article: Fan film
A Tracy Ca Movie Theaters fan film is Tracy Ca Movie Theaters a film or video inspired by a film, television program, comic Tracy Ca Movie Theaters book or a Tracy Ca Movie Theaters similar source, created by Tracy Ca Movie Theaters fans rather Tracy Ca Movie Theaters than by the source's copyright holders or creators. Fan filmmakers have traditionally been amateurs, but some of the more notable films Tracy Ca Movie Theaters have Tracy Ca Movie Theaters actually been produced by professional filmmakers as film school Tracy Ca Movie Theaters class projects or as demonstration reels. Fan films vary tremendously in length, from short faux-teaser trailers for non-existent motion pictures to rarer full-length motion pictures
Animation is Tracy Ca Movie Theaters the technique in which each frame of Tracy Ca Movie Theaters a film is produced individually, whether generated as a computer graphic, or by photographing a drawn image, or by repeatedly making small Tracy Ca Movie Theaters changes to a model Tracy Ca Movie Theaters unit (see claymation and stop motion), and then photographing the result with a Tracy Ca Movie Theaters special animation camera. When the frames are strung together and the resulting film is viewed Tracy Ca Movie Theaters at a speed Tracy Ca Movie Theaters of 16 or more frames per second, there is an illusion of continuous movement (due to the persistence of vision). Tracy Ca Movie Theaters Generating such a Tracy Ca Movie Theaters film is Tracy Ca Movie Theaters very labour intensive Tracy Ca Movie Theaters and tedious, though the development of computer animation has greatly sped up the process.
File formats like GIF, QuickTime, Shockwave and Flash allow animation to be viewed on a computer or over the Internet.
Because animation is very time-consuming and often very Tracy Ca Movie Theaters expensive to produce, the majority of animation for TV and movies comes from professional Tracy Ca Movie Theaters animation studios. However, the field of independent animation Tracy Ca Movie Theaters has existed at least since the 1950s, with animation being produced Tracy Ca Movie Theaters by independent studios (and sometimes by a single person). Several independent animation producers have gone on to enter Tracy Ca Movie Theaters the professional animation industry.
Limited animation is a Tracy Ca Movie Theaters way of increasing production and decreasing costs of animation by using "short cuts" in the animation process. This method was pioneered by UPA and popularized by Hanna-Barbera, and adapted by other Tracy Ca Movie Theaters studios as cartoons moved from Tracy Ca Movie Theaters movie theaters to television.[3]
Although most animation studios Tracy Ca Movie Theaters are now using digital technologies Cinnemark Movie in their productions, there is a specific style of animation that depends on film. Cameraless animation, made famous by moviemakers Tracy Ca Movie Theaters like Norman McLaren, Len Lye and Tracy Ca Movie Theaters Stan Brakhage, is painted and drawn directly onto pieces of film, and Tracy Ca Movie Theaters then run through a projector.
Venues
When it is initially produced, a feature film is often shown to audiences Tracy Ca Movie Theaters in a movie theater or cinema. The first theater Tracy Ca Movie Theaters designed exclusively for Tracy Ca Movie Theaters cinema opened in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in 1905.[4] Thousands of such theaters were Tracy Ca Movie Theaters built Tracy Ca Movie Theaters or converted from existing facilities Tracy Ca Movie Theaters within a few years.[5] In the United States, these theaters came to be known as nickelodeons, because admission typically cost a nickel (five cents).
Typically, one film is the featured Tracy Ca Movie Theaters presentation (or feature film). Before Tracy Ca Movie Theaters the 1970s, there were "double features"; typically, Tracy Ca Movie Theaters a high Tracy Ca Movie Theaters quality "A picture" rented by an independent theater Tracy Ca Movie Theaters for a lump sum, Tracy Ca Movie Theaters and a "B picture" of lower quality rented for a percentage of the gross receipts. Today, the bulk of the material shown before the feature film consists Tracy Ca Movie Theaters of previews for upcoming movies and paid advertisements (also known as trailers or "The Twenty").
Historically, all mass marketed feature films were made to be shown in movie Tracy Ca Movie Theaters theaters. The development of television has allowed films Tracy Ca Movie Theaters to be broadcast to larger audiences, usually after the Tracy Ca Movie Theaters film Tracy Ca Movie Theaters is no longer being shown in theaters. Recording technology has also enabled consumers to rent or buy copies of films on Tracy Ca Movie Theaters VHS or DVD Tracy Ca Movie Theaters (and Tracy Ca Movie Theaters the Tracy Ca Movie Theaters older formats of laserdisc, VCD and SelectaVision � see also videodisc), and Internet downloads may be available and Tracy Ca Movie Theaters have started to become Tracy Ca Movie Theaters revenue sources for the film companies. Some films are now made specifically for these other venues, being released as made-for-TV movies or direct-to-video Tracy Ca Movie Theaters movies. The production values on Tracy Ca Movie Theaters these films are often considered to be of Tracy Ca Movie Theaters inferior quality compared to theatrical releases in similar genres, and indeed, some films that are Tracy Ca Movie Theaters rejected by their Tracy Ca Movie Theaters own studios upon completion are Tracy Ca Movie Theaters distributed through these markets.
The movie theater pays an average of about 50-55% of its ticket sales Tracy Ca Movie Theaters to the movie Tracy Ca Movie Theaters studio, as film rental fees.[6] The actual percentage starts with a number higher than that, Tracy Ca Movie Theaters and decreases as the duration of a film's showing continues, Tracy Ca Movie Theaters as an incentive to theaters to keep movies in the Tracy Ca Movie Theaters theater longer. However, today's barrage of highly marketed movies ensures that most movies are shown in Tracy Ca Movie Theaters first-run theaters for less than 8 weeks. There are a few movies every year that defy this rule, Tracy Ca Movie Theaters often limited-release movies that start in only a Tracy Ca Movie Theaters few theaters and actually grow Tracy Ca Movie Theaters their theater count through good word-of-mouth and reviews. According to a Tracy Ca Movie Theaters 2000 study by ABN AMRO, about 26% of Tracy Ca Movie Theaters Hollywood movie studios' worldwide Vivian Hsu Movie Nude income came Tracy Ca Movie Theaters from box office Tracy Ca Movie Theaters ticket sales; Tracy Ca Movie Theaters 46% came from Tracy Ca Movie Theaters VHS and DVD sales to consumers; and 28% came from television (broadcast, cable, and pay-per-view).[6]
Future state
While motion Tracy Ca Movie Theaters picture films have been around for more than a century, film is still a relative Tracy Ca Movie Theaters newcomer in the pantheon of fine arts. In the 1950s, when television became widely available, industry analysts predicted the demise of local movie theaters. Despite competition from television's increasing technological sophistication over the 1960s and 1970s, such as the development of color television and large Tracy Ca Movie Theaters screens, motion picture cinemas continued. In the 1980s, when the Tracy Ca Movie Theaters widespread availability Tracy Ca Movie Theaters of inexpensive videocassette recorders enabled people Tracy Ca Movie Theaters to select Tracy Ca Movie Theaters films for home viewing, industry analysts again wrongly predicted the death of the local cinemas.
In the 1990s and 2000s the development of digital DVD players, home theater amplification systems with surround sound and subwoofers, and large LCD or plasma screens enabled Tracy Ca Movie Theaters people to select and view films at home with greatly improved audio and visual reproduction. These new technologies provided audio and visual that in the past only local Tracy Ca Movie Theaters cinemas had been Tracy Ca Movie Theaters able Tracy Ca Movie Theaters to provide: a large, clear widescreen presentation of a film with a full-range, high-quality multi-speaker sound system. Once again industry analysts predicted the demise of the local cinema. Local cinemas will be changing in Tracy Ca Movie Theaters the 2000s and moving towards digital screens, a new approach Tracy Ca Movie Theaters which will allow for easier and quicker distribution of films (via Tracy Ca Movie Theaters satellite or Tracy Ca Movie Theaters hard disks), a development which may give Tracy Ca Movie Theaters local theaters a reprieve from their predicted demise.
The cinema now faces a new challenge from home video by the likes of a new DVD format Blu-ray, which can provide full HD 1080p video Tracy Ca Movie Theaters playback at Tracy Ca Movie Theaters near cinema Tracy Ca Movie Theaters quality. Video formats are gradually catching up with the resolutions and quality that film offers, 1080p in Blu-ray offers a pixel resolution of 1920?1080 a leap from the DVD Tracy Ca Movie Theaters offering of 720?480 and the paltry 330?480 offered by the first home video standard VHS. The maximum resolutions that film currently offers Tracy Ca Movie Theaters are 2485?2970 or 1420?3390, UHD, a future digital video format, will offer a massive resolution Tracy |
