Film is a term that encompasses individual motion pictures, the Disney Movie Rewards Club field of film as an art form, and the motion picture industry. Films are produced by recording images from the Disney Movie Rewards Club world with cameras, or by creating images using animation techniques or special effects.
Films are cultural artifacts created by specific cultures, which reflect those cultures, and, in turn, Disney Movie Rewards Club affect them. Film is considered to be an important art form, a source of popular entertainment and a powerful method for educating Disney Movie Rewards Club � or indoctrinating � citizens. The visual elements of cinema gives motion pictures a universal power of communication. Some films Disney Movie Rewards Club have become popular Disney Movie Rewards Club worldwide attractions by using Disney Movie Rewards Club dubbing or Disney Movie Rewards Club subtitles that translate the dialogue.
Traditional films are made up of Disney Movie Rewards Club a series of individual images called frames. When these images Disney Movie Rewards Club are shown rapidly in succession, a viewer has the illusion that motion Disney Movie Rewards Club is occurring. The viewer cannot see the Disney Movie Rewards Club flickering between Disney Movie Rewards Club frames due to an effect known as Disney Movie Rewards Club persistence of vision, Disney Movie Rewards Club whereby Disney Movie Rewards Club the eye retains a Disney Movie Rewards Club
The Disney Movie Rewards Club origin of the name "film" comes from the fact that photographic film (also called film stock) had historically been the primary medium for recording and displaying Disney Movie Rewards Club motion pictures. Disney Movie Rewards Club Many other terms Disney Movie Rewards Club exist for an individual motion picture, including picture, picture show, photo-play, flick, and most commonly, movie. Additional terms for the field in general include the big screen, the silver screen, the cinema, and the Marco Polo - Movie movies.In the 1860s, mechanisms for producing artificially created, two-dimensional images in motion were demonstrated with devices such as the zoetrope and the praxinoscope. These Disney Movie Rewards Club machines were outgrowths of simple optical devices (such as magic lanterns) and would display sequences of still pictures at Disney Movie Rewards Club sufficient speed for the images on the pictures to appear to Disney Movie Rewards Club be moving, a phenomenon called persistence of Disney Movie Rewards Club vision. Naturally, the images Disney Movie Rewards Club needed to be carefully designed Disney Movie Rewards Club to achieve the desired effect � and the underlying principle became Disney Movie Rewards Club the basis for the development of film animation.
A frame from Roundhay Garden Scene, the world's earliest film, by Louis Le Prince, Disney Movie Rewards Club 1888
With the development of celluloid film for still photography, it became possible to directly capture objects in motion in real time. Disney Movie Rewards Club Early versions of the Disney Movie Rewards Club technology sometimes required a person to look into a viewing machine to see the pictures which were separate paper prints attached to a Disney Movie Rewards Club drum turned by a handcrank. The pictures were shown at a variable speed of about 5 Disney Movie Rewards Club to 10 pictures per Movie Creator second depending on how rapidly the crank was turned. Some of these machines were coin Disney Movie Rewards Club operated. By the 1880s, Disney Movie Rewards Club the development of the motion picture camera allowed the individual component images to be captured and stored on a single Disney Movie Rewards Club reel, and led quickly to the development of a motion picture projector to shine light Disney Movie Rewards Club through the Disney Movie Rewards Club processed and printed film Disney Movie Rewards Club and magnify these "moving picture shows" onto a screen for an entire audience. These reels, so exhibited, came Disney Movie Rewards Club to be known as "motion pictures". Early motion pictures were static shots that showed an event or Disney Movie Rewards Club action with no editing or other cinematic techniques.
Ignoring Disney Movie Rewards Club Dickson's early sound experiments (1894), commercial motion pictures were purely visual art through the late 19th century, but these innovative silent Disney Movie Rewards Club films had gained a hold on the public imagination. Around the turn of the twentieth century, films began developing a narrative structure by stringing scenes together to tell Disney Movie Rewards Club narratives. The scenes Disney Movie Rewards Club were later Disney Movie Rewards Club broken up into multiple shots of varying sizes and angles. Other techniques such as camera movement were realized as effective ways to portray a story on film. Rather than leave the audience in silence, theater owners would hire a pianist or organist or a full orchestra to play music fitting the mood of the film at any given moment. By the early 1920s, most films came with a prepared list of sheet music for this purpose, with complete film scores being composed for major productions.
A shot from Disney Movie Rewards Club Georges Disney Movie Rewards Club Melies Le Voyage dans la Lune (A Disney Movie Rewards Club Trip to Disney Movie Rewards Club the Moon) (1902), an Disney Movie Rewards Club early narrative film.
The rise of European cinema Disney Movie Rewards Club was interrupted by the breakout of World War I Disney Movie Rewards Club while the Disney Movie Rewards Club film industry in United States flourished with 80s Tv Movie About Time Travel the rise of Hollywood. However in the 1920s, European filmmakers such as Sergei Eisenstein, F. W. Disney Movie Rewards Club Murnau, and Fritz Lang, along Disney Movie Rewards Club with American innovator Disney Movie Rewards Club D. W. Griffith and the contributions Disney Movie Rewards Club of Charles Chaplin, Buster Keaton and others, continued to advance the medium. In the 1920s, new technology allowed filmmakers Disney Movie Rewards Club to attach to Disney Movie Rewards Club each Disney Movie Rewards Club film a soundtrack of speech, music and sound effects synchronized with the action on the screen. These sound films were initially distinguished by calling them "talking pictures", or talkies.
The next major step in the development of cinema was the introduction of so-called "natural" Chipmunk Movie Ringtones color. Disney Movie Rewards Club While the addition of sound quickly eclipsed silent film and theater Disney Movie Rewards Club musicians, color was adopted more gradually as methods evolved Disney Movie Rewards Club making it more practical and cost effective to produce "natural Disney Movie Rewards Club color" films. The public was relatively indifferent to color photography as opposed to Disney Movie Rewards Club black-and-white,[citation needed] but Disney Movie Rewards Club as color processes improved and became as Disney Movie Rewards Club affordable as black-and-white film, more and more Disney Movie Rewards Club movies were Disney Movie Rewards Club filmed in color after the end of World War II, as Disney Movie Rewards Club the industry in America came Disney Movie Rewards Club to view color as Disney Movie Rewards Club essential to attracting audiences Disney Movie Rewards Club in Disney Movie Rewards Club its competition with television, which remained a black-and-white medium until the mid-1960s. By the end of the Disney Movie Rewards Club 1960s, col
Since the decline of the studio system in the 1960s, the succeeding decades saw changes in the production and style of film. New Hollywood, French New Wave and the rise of film school educated independent Disney Movie Rewards Club filmmakers were all part of the changes the medium experienced in the latter Disney Movie Rewards Club half of the 20th century. Disney Movie Rewards Club Digital technology Disney Movie Rewards Club has been the driving force in change throughout the 1990s Disney Movie Rewards Club and into the 21st century.
Theory
Main article: Film theory
Film theory seeks Disney Movie Rewards Club to develop concise and systematic concepts that apply to the study of film as art. It was started by Ricciotto Canudo's The Birth of the Sixth Art. Formalist film theory, led by Rudolf Arnheim, Bela Balazs, and Siegfried Kracauer, emphasized how film differed from reality, and thus could be considered a valid fine art. Andre Bazin reacted Disney Movie Rewards Club against this theory by arguing that film's Disney Movie Rewards Club artistic essence lay in its ability Disney Movie Rewards Club to mechanically reproduce reality not in its differences from reality, and this gave rise to realist theory. More recent analysis spurred by Lacan's Disney Movie Rewards Club psychoanalysis and Ferdinand Disney Movie Rewards Club de Saussure's semiotics Disney Movie Rewards Club among other things has given rise to psychoanalytical film theory, structuralist film theory, feminist film theory and others.
Criticism
Main article: Film criticism
Film criticism is the analysis and evaluation of films. In Disney Movie Rewards Club general, these works can be divided into two categories: academic criticism Disney Movie Rewards Club by film scholars and journalistic film criticism that appears regularly in newspapers and other media.
Film critics working for newspapers, magazines, and broadcast Disney Movie Rewards Club media mainly review new Disney Movie Rewards Club releases. Normally they only see any given film once and have Disney Movie Rewards Club only Disney Movie Rewards Club a day or Disney Movie Rewards Club two to formulate opinions. Despite this, critics have an important impact on films, especially those of certain genres. Mass marketed action, horror, and comedy films tend not to be greatly affected by Disney Movie Rewards Club a critic's overall judgment of a film. The plot Disney Movie Rewards Club Hannah Montana 3d Concert Movie summary and Disney Movie Rewards Club description of a film that makes up the majority of any film review can Disney Movie Rewards Club still have an important Disney Movie Rewards Club impact on whether Disney Movie Rewards Club people decide to see a film. For prestige films such as most dramas, the influence of reviews is extremely important. Poor reviews will often doom a film to obscurity and financial loss.
The impact of a reviewer on Disney Movie Rewards Club a given Disney Movie Rewards Club film's box office performance is a matter of debate. Some claim that movie marketing is Disney Movie Rewards Club now so intense and well financed that reviewers cannot make an impact against it. However, the cataclysmic failure of Disney Movie Rewards Club some heavily-promoted Disney Movie Rewards Club movies which were harshly reviewed, Disney Movie Rewards Club as well as the unexpected success of critically praised independent movies indicates that extreme critical reactions can Disney Movie Rewards Club have considerable influence. Others note that positive film reviews have been shown to spark interest in little-known films. Conversely, there have been several films Disney Movie Rewards Club in which film companies have so little confidence that they refuse to give reviewers an advanced viewing to avoid widespread panning of the film. However, this usually backfires as reviewers are wise to the tactic and warn the public that the film may not be worth seeing and the films often do poorly as a result.
It is argued that journalist film critics should only be known as film reviewers, and true film critics are those who take a more academic approach to films. This line of Disney Movie Rewards Club work is more often known as film theory or film studies. These film critics attempt to come to understand Disney Movie Rewards Club how film and filming techniques work, Disney Movie Rewards Club and what effect they have on people. Rather than having their works published Disney Movie Rewards Club in newspapers or appear Disney Movie Rewards Club on television, their articles are published in scholarly journals, or sometimes in up-market magazines. They also tend to be affiliated with colleges or universities.
Industry
Main article: Film industry
The Disney Movie Rewards Club making and showing of motion pictures became a Disney Movie Rewards Club source of profit almost as soon as the process was Disney Movie Rewards Club invented. Upon seeing how successful their new invention, and its Disney Movie Rewards Club product, was in Disney Movie Rewards Club their native Disney Movie Rewards Club France, the Lumieres quickly set about touring the Continent to exhibit the first films privately to royalty and publicly to the masses. In each country, they would normally add new, local scenes to their catalogue and, quickly enough, found local entrepreneurs in the various countries of Europe to buy their equipment and photograph, export, import and screen additional product commercially. The Oberammergau Passion Play of Disney Movie Rewards Club 1898[citation needed] was the first commercial motion picture ever Disney Movie Rewards Club produced. Other pictures soon followed, and motion pictures became a separate industry that overshadowed the vaudeville world. Dedicated theaters and companies formed specifically to produce and distribute films, Disney Movie Rewards Club while Disney Movie Rewards Club motion picture Disney Movie Rewards Club actors became major celebrities and commanded huge fees for their performances. Already by Disney Movie Rewards Club 1917, Charlie Chaplin had a contract that called for Disney Movie Rewards Club an annual Disney Movie Rewards Club salary of one million dollars.
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In the United States today, much of Disney Movie Rewards Club the film Disney Movie Rewards Club industry is Disney Movie Rewards Club centered around Hollywood. Other regional centers exist in many parts of the world, such as Mumbai-centered Bollywood, the Disney Movie Rewards Club Indian film industry's Hindi cinema which produces Disney Movie Rewards Club the largest number of films in the world.[1] Whether the ten thousand-plus feature length films a year Disney Movie Rewards Club produced Disney Movie Rewards Club by the Valley pornographic film Disney Movie Rewards Club industry should qualify for this title is the source of Disney Movie Rewards Club some debate.[citation needed] Though the expense involved in making movies has led cinema production to concentrate under the auspices of Disney Movie Rewards Club movie studios, Disney Movie Rewards Club recent advances Disney Movie Rewards Club in affordable film making equipment have allowed independent film productions to flourish.
Profit is a key force in the industry, due to the costly and risky nature of filmmaking; many films have large cost overruns, Disney Movie Rewards Club a notorious example being Kevin Disney Movie Rewards Club Costner's Waterworld. Yet many filmmakers strive to create Disney Movie Rewards Club works of lasting The Mist Full Movie Online social Disney Movie Rewards Club significance. The Academy Awards (also known as "the Oscars") are the most prominent film awards in the United States, providing recognition each year to films, ostensibly based on their artistic merits.
There is also a large industry for educational and instructional films made in lieu of or in addition to lectures and texts.
Preview
A preview performance refers to a showing of a movie to a select audience, usually for the purposes of corporate promotions, before the Disney Movie Rewards Club public film premiere itself. Previews are sometimes used to judge audience reaction, Disney Movie Rewards Club which Disney Movie Rewards Club if unexpectedly negative, may result in recutting or even refilming certain sections. (cf Audience response.)
Trailer
Main article: Trailer (film)
Trailers or previews are film advertisements for films that Disney Movie Rewards Club will be exhibited in the future at Disney Movie Rewards Club a cinema, on whose screen they are shown. The term "trailer" comes Disney Movie Rewards Club from their having originally been shown at Disney Movie Rewards Club the end of a film programme. Disney Movie Rewards Club That practice did not last long, because patrons tended to leave the theater after the films ended, but the name has stuck. Trailers are now shown before the film (or the A movie in a double feature program) begins.
The nature of Disney Movie Rewards Club the Disney Movie Rewards Club film determines the size and type of crew required Disney Movie Rewards Club during filmmaking. Many Disney Movie Rewards Club Hollywood adventure films need computer generated imagery (CGI), created by dozens of 3D modellers, animators, rotoscopers and compositors. However, a low-budget, P2p Movie Sharing independent film may be made with a skeleton crew, Disney Movie Rewards Club often paid very little. Also, an open source film may be produced through open, collaborative processes. Filmmaking takes place all over the world Disney Movie Rewards Club using different technologies, styles of acting and Disney Movie Rewards Club genre, Disney Movie Rewards Club and is produced in a variety of economic contexts that range from state-sponsored documentary in China to profit-oriented movie making within the American studio system.
This production cycle typically takes three years. The first year is taken up with development. The Disney Movie Rewards Club second year comprises preproduction and production. The third year, post-production and distribution.
Crew
Main article: Film Disney Movie Rewards Club crew
A Disney Movie Rewards Club film crew is a group of people hired by a film company, employed during the "production" or "photography" phase, for the purpose of producing a film or motion picture. Crew are distinguished Disney Movie Rewards Club from cast, the actors who appear in front of the camera or provide voices for characters in the film. The crew interacts with but is also distinct from the production staff, consisting of producers, managers, company representatives, their assistants, Disney Movie Rewards Club and those whose primary responsibility falls in pre-production or post-production phases, such as writers Disney Movie Rewards Club and editors. Communication between production Disney Movie Rewards Club and crew generally passes through the director and his/her staff of assistants. Medium-to-large crews are generally divided into departments with Disney Movie Rewards Club well defined hierarchies and standards for interaction and cooperation Disney Movie Rewards Club between the departments. Other than acting, Disney Movie Rewards Club the crew handles everything in the photography Disney Movie Rewards Club phase: props and costumes, shooting, sound, electrics (i.e., lights), sets, and production special effects. Disney Movie Rewards Club Caterers (known in the film industry as "craft services") are usually Disney Movie Rewards Club not considered part of the crew.
Technology
Film stock consists of transparent celluloid, Disney Movie Rewards Club acetate, or polyester base coated with an emulsion containing light-sensitive chemicals. Cellulose nitrate was the first type of Disney Movie Rewards Club film base used to record motion pictures, but due to its flammability was eventually replaced by safer materials. Stock Disney Movie Rewards Club widths and the film format for images on the reel have had a rich history, though most Disney Movie Rewards Club large commercial films are still shot on (and distributed to theaters) as 35 mm prints.
Originally moving picture film was Disney Movie Rewards Club shot and Disney Movie Rewards Club projected at various speeds using Disney Movie Rewards Club hand-cranked cameras and projectors; though 1000 frames per minute (16? frame/s) is generally cited Disney Movie Rewards Club as Disney Movie Rewards Club a standard silent speed, research indicates most films were shot between 16 frame/s and 23 frame/s and projected Disney Movie Rewards Club from 18 frame/s on up (often reels included instructions on how fast each scene should be shown) [1]. When Disney Movie Rewards Club sound Disney Movie Rewards Club film was introduced in the late 1920s, Disney Movie Rewards Club a constant speed was required for the sound head. 24 frames per second Disney Movie Rewards Club was chosen because it was the slowest (and thus cheapest) speed which allowed Disney Movie Rewards Club for sufficient sound quality. Improvements since the late 19th century include the mechanization of cameras � allowing them Disney Movie Rewards Club to Disney Movie Rewards Club record at a consistent Disney Movie Rewards Club speed, quiet camera design Disney Movie Rewards Club � allowing sound Disney Movie Rewards Club recorded on-set to be usable without requiring Disney Movie Rewards Club large "blimps" to encase the camera, the invention of more Disney Movie Rewards Club sophisticated filmstocks and lenses, Disney Movie Rewards Club allowing directors to film in increasingly dim conditions, and Disney Movie Rewards Club the development of synchronized sound, allowing sound to be recorded at exactly the same speed as its corresponding action. The soundtrack can be recorded separately from shooting the film, but Disney Movie Rewards Club for live-action pictures Disney Movie Rewards Club many parts of the soundtrack are usually recorded simultaneously.
As a medium, film is not limited to motion pictures, since the technology developed as the basis for photography. It can be used to present a progressive sequence of still images in the form Disney Movie Rewards Club of a slideshow. Film has also been incorporated into multimedia presentations, and often has importance as primary historical documentation. However, historic Disney Movie Rewards Club films have problems in terms of preservation and storage, and the motion picture industry is exploring Disney Movie Rewards Club many alternatives. Most movies on cellulose nitrate base have been copied onto modern safety films. Some studios save color films through the use of separation masters � three B&W negatives each exposed through red, green, or blue filters (essentially a reverse of the Technicolor process). Digital methods have also Disney Movie Rewards Club been used to restore films, although their continued obsolescence Disney Movie Rewards Club cycle makes them (as of 2006) a Disney Movie Rewards Club poor choice for long-term preservation. Film preservation of decaying film stock is a matter of concern to both film historians and archivists, and to companies interested in preserving their existing products in order Disney Movie Rewards Club to make them available to future generations (and Disney Movie Rewards Club thereby increase revenue). Preservation is Disney Movie Rewards Club generally a higher-concern for nitrate and single-strip Disney Movie Rewards Club color films, due to Disney Movie Rewards Club their Disney Movie Rewards Club high decay rates; black and white films on safety Disney Movie Rewards Club bases and color films preserved on Technicolor imbibition prints tend to keep up much better, assuming Disney Movie Rewards Club proper handling and storage.
Some films in recent decades have been recorded Disney Movie Rewards Club using analog video technology similar to that used in television production. Modern digital video cameras and digital projectors are gaining ground as well. These approaches are extremely Disney Movie Rewards Club beneficial Disney Movie Rewards Club to moviemakers, especially because footage can be evaluated and edited without waiting for the film stock to be processed. Yet Disney Movie Rewards Club the migration is Disney Movie Rewards Club gradual, and as Disney Movie Rewards Club of 2005 most major motion pictures are still Disney Movie Rewards Club recorded on film.
Independent
Main article: Independent film
The Lumiere Brothers
Independent filmmaking Disney Movie Rewards Club often Disney Movie Rewards Club takes place outside Disney Movie Rewards Club of Hollywood, or other major studio systems. An independent film (or indie Disney Movie Rewards Club film) is a film initially produced without Disney Movie Rewards Club financing or distribution from a major movie studio. Creative, business, and technological reasons have all contributed to the growth of the indie film scene in the late 20th and Disney Movie Rewards Club early Disney Movie Rewards Club 21st century.
On the business side, the costs of big-budget studio films also leads to conservative choices in cast and crew. Disney Movie Rewards Club There is a trend in Hollywood towards co-financing (over two-thirds Disney Movie Rewards Club of the films put out by Disney Movie Rewards Club Warner Bros. in 2000 were joint ventures, Disney Movie Rewards Club up from 10% in 1987).[2] A hopeful director is almost never given the opportunity to get a job on Disney Movie Rewards Club a big-budget studio film unless he or she has significant industry experience in film or television. Also, Disney Movie Rewards Club the studios rarely produce films with unknown actors, particularly in lead roles.
Before the Disney Movie Rewards Club advent of digital alternatives, the cost of professional film equipment and stock Disney Movie Rewards Club was also a hurdle to being able to produce, direct, or star in a traditional studio film. The cost of 35 mm film is outpacing inflation: in 2002 alone, film negative costs were up 23%, Disney Movie Rewards Club according to Variety.[2].
But the advent of consumer camcorders in 1985, and more importantly, the arrival of high-resolution digital video in the early 1990s, have lowered the technology barrier to movie production significantly. Both production and post-production costs have been significantly lowered; today, Disney Movie Rewards Club the hardware and software for post-production can be installed in a commodity-based Disney Movie Rewards Club personal computer. Technologies such as DVDs, FireWire connections and non-linear Disney Movie Rewards Club editing system pro-level software like Adobe Premiere Pro, Sony Disney Movie Rewards Club Vegas and Apple's Final Cut Pro, and Disney Movie Rewards Club consumer level software such as Apple's Final Cut Express and iMovie make movie-making relatively Disney Movie Rewards Club inexpensive.
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Since the Disney Movie Rewards Club introduction of DV technology, the means of production have become more democratized. Filmmakers can conceivably shoot and edit a movie, create and edit the sound Disney Movie Rewards Club and music, and mix the final cut on a home computer. However, while the means of production may be Disney Movie Rewards Club democratized, financing, distribution, and marketing remain difficult to accomplish outside the traditional system. Most independent filmmakers rely Disney Movie Rewards Club on film festivals to get their films noticed and sold for distribution. Disney Movie Rewards Club The arrival of internet-based video outlets such as YouTube and Veoh has further changed Disney Movie Rewards Club the film making landscape in ways that are still Disney Movie Rewards Club to be determined.
Open content Disney Movie Rewards Club film
Main article: Open content film
An open content film is much like an independent film, but it is produced through open collaborations; its source material is available under a license which Disney Movie Rewards Club is permissive Disney Movie Rewards Club enough to Disney Movie Rewards Club allow other parties to Disney Movie Rewards Club create fan fiction or derivative works, than a traditional copyright. Like independent filmmaking, open source filmmaking takes Disney Movie Rewards Club place outside of Hollywood, or other major studio systems.
Fan Disney Movie Rewards Club film
Main article: Fan film
A fan Disney Movie Rewards Club film is a film or video inspired by a film, television program, comic book or a similar source, created Disney Movie Rewards Club by fans rather than by Disney Movie Rewards Club the source's copyright holders or creators. Disney Movie Rewards Club Fan filmmakers have traditionally Disney Movie Rewards Club been Disney Movie Rewards Club amateurs, but some of Disney Movie Rewards Club the more Disney Movie Rewards Club notable films Disney Movie Rewards Club have actually been produced Disney Movie Rewards Club by professional filmmakers Disney Movie Rewards Club as film school class projects or as demonstration reels. Disney Movie Rewards Club Fan Disney Movie Rewards Club films vary tremendously in length, from short faux-teaser Disney Movie Rewards Club trailers for non-existent motion pictures to rarer full-length motion pictures
Animation is the technique in which each frame of a film is produced individually, whether generated as Disney Movie Rewards Club a computer graphic, or by photographing a drawn image, or Disney Movie Rewards Club by repeatedly making small changes to a model unit (see claymation and stop motion), and then photographing Disney Movie Rewards Club the Disney Movie Rewards Club result with a special animation camera. When the frames are Disney Movie Rewards Club strung Disney Movie Rewards Club together and Disney Movie Rewards Club the resulting film is viewed at a speed of 16 or more Disney Movie Rewards Club frames per second, there is an illusion of continuous movement (due to the persistence of vision). Generating such a film is very labour intensive and tedious, though the development of computer animation Disney Movie Rewards Club has greatly sped up Disney Movie Rewards Club the process.
File formats like GIF, Disney Movie Rewards Club QuickTime, Shockwave and Flash allow animation to be Disney Movie Rewards Club viewed on a computer or Disney Movie Rewards Club over the Internet.
Because animation is very time-consuming and Disney Movie Rewards Club often very expensive to produce, the majority of animation for Disney Movie Rewards Club TV and movies comes from professional animation Disney Movie Rewards Club studios. However, the field of independent animation has existed at least since Disney Movie Rewards Club the 1950s, with animation being produced by independent studios (and sometimes by a single person). Several independent animation producers Disney Movie Rewards Club have gone on to enter the professional Disney Movie Rewards Club animation Disney Movie Rewards Club industry.
Limited animation is a way of increasing production and decreasing costs of animation Movie Theaters In Buford Georgia by Disney Movie Rewards Club using "short cuts" in the Disney Movie Rewards Club animation process. This method was pioneered by UPA and popularized by Hanna-Barbera, and adapted by other studios as cartoons moved from movie theaters to television.[3]
Although most animation Disney Movie Rewards Club studios are now using digital technologies in their productions, there is a specific style of animation that Disney Movie Rewards Club depends on film. Disney Movie Rewards Club Cameraless animation, made famous Disney Movie Rewards Club by moviemakers like Norman Disney Movie Rewards Club McLaren, Len Lye and Stan Brakhage, is painted and drawn directly onto pieces of Disney Movie Rewards Club film, and then run through a projector.
Venues
When it is initially produced, a feature film is Disney Movie Rewards Club often shown to audiences in Disney Movie Rewards Club a movie theater or cinema. The first theater designed exclusively for cinema opened in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Disney Movie Rewards Club in 1905.[4] Thousands of such theaters Disney Movie Rewards Club were built or converted from existing facilities within a few years.[5] In the United States, these theaters came to be known Disney Movie Rewards Club as nickelodeons, because admission typically cost a nickel (five cents).
Typically, one film is the featured presentation (or feature film). Before the 1970s, there were "double features"; typically, a high quality "A picture" rented by Disney Movie Rewards Club an independent theater for a lump sum, and a "B picture" of lower quality rented Disney Movie Rewards Club Elf Movie Clip for a percentage Disney Movie Rewards Club of the Disney Movie Rewards Club gross receipts. Today, the bulk of the material shown before the feature film consists of previews for upcoming movies and paid advertisements (also Disney Movie Rewards Club known as trailers or "The Twenty").
Historically, all mass marketed feature films were made to be shown in movie theaters. The development of television has allowed films to be broadcast to larger audiences, usually after the Disney Movie Rewards Club film is no longer being shown in theaters. Recording technology has also enabled consumers to Disney Movie Rewards Club rent or buy copies of films on Disney Movie Rewards Club VHS or DVD (and the older formats of laserdisc, VCD and Disney Movie Rewards Club SelectaVision � see also videodisc), and Internet downloads Disney Movie Rewards Club may be available and have started to Disney Movie Rewards Club become Disney Movie Rewards Club revenue sources for the Disney Movie Rewards Club film Disney Movie Rewards Club companies. Some films are now made specifically for these other venues, being Disney Movie Rewards Club released as made-for-TV movies or direct-to-video movies. The production values on these films are often considered to be of inferior quality compared to theatrical Disney Movie Rewards Club releases in similar genres, and indeed, some films that are rejected by their own studios upon completion are distributed through these markets.
The movie theater pays an average of about 50-55% of its ticket sales to Disney Movie Rewards Club the movie studio, as film rental fees.[6] The actual percentage starts with Disney Movie Rewards Club a number higher than that, and decreases as the duration of a film's showing continues, as an incentive to theaters to keep movies in the theater longer. However, today's barrage of highly marketed movies Disney Movie Rewards Club ensures that most movies are shown in first-run theaters for less than 8 weeks. Disney Movie Rewards Club There are a few movies every Disney Movie Rewards Club year that Disney Movie Rewards Club defy this rule, often limited-release movies that start in only a few theaters and actually grow Disney Movie Rewards Club their theater count through good word-of-mouth and reviews. According to a 2000 study by ABN AMRO, about 26% of Hollywood movie studios' Disney Movie Rewards Club worldwide income came from box office ticket Disney Movie Rewards Club sales; 46% came from Disney Movie Rewards Club VHS and DVD sales to consumers; and 28% came from television (broadcast, cable, and pay-per-view).[6]
Future state
While motion picture films have been around for more than a century, film is still a relative newcomer in the pantheon of fine arts. Disney Movie Rewards Club In the 1950s, when television became widely available, industry Disney Movie Rewards Club analysts predicted the demise of local movie theaters. Despite competition from television's increasing technological sophistication over the 1960s and 1970s, such as the development of color television and large screens, motion picture cinemas continued. Disney Movie Rewards Club In the 1980s, when the widespread availability of inexpensive videocassette recorders enabled people to Disney Movie Rewards Club select films for home viewing, industry analysts again wrongly Disney Movie Rewards Club predicted the death of the local cinemas.
In the 1990s and 2000s the development of digital DVD players, Disney Movie Rewards Club home theater Disney Movie Rewards Club amplification systems with Disney Movie Rewards Club surround sound and subwoofers, and large LCD Disney Movie Rewards Club or plasma screens enabled people to Disney Movie Rewards Club select and view films at home with greatly improved audio and visual reproduction. These new technologies provided audio and visual that in Disney Movie Rewards Club the past only local cinemas had Disney Movie Rewards Club been able to Disney Movie Rewards Club provide: a large, Disney Movie Rewards Club clear widescreen presentation of a film with a full-range, high-quality multi-speaker sound system. Once again industry analysts predicted the demise of the local cinema. Local cinemas will be changing in the 2000s and Disney Movie Rewards Club moving towards digital screens, a new approach |
