Film is a term Arachnid Movie that encompasses individual motion pictures, the field Arachnid Movie of film Arachnid Movie as an art form, and the motion picture Arachnid Movie industry. Films are Arachnid Movie produced by recording images from the world Arachnid Movie with cameras, or by creating images using animation techniques or special effects.
Films are cultural artifacts created Arachnid Movie by specific cultures, which reflect those cultures, Arachnid Movie and, in turn, affect them. Film is considered to be an important Arachnid Movie art form, a source of popular entertainment Arachnid Movie and a powerful method for educating � or indoctrinating � citizens. Scanners Movie The visual Arachnid Movie elements of cinema gives motion pictures a universal power of communication. Some films have become popular worldwide attractions by using dubbing or subtitles that translate the dialogue.
Traditional films Arachnid Movie are made up Arachnid Movie of a series of Arachnid Movie individual images called frames. When these images are shown rapidly in succession, a viewer has the illusion that Arachnid Movie motion is occurring. The viewer cannot see the flickering between frames due to an effect known as Arachnid Movie persistence of vision, whereby the eye retains a Arachnid Movie
The origin of the name "film" comes from the fact that photographic film (also called film stock) Arachnid Movie had historically been the Arachnid Movie primary medium for recording Arachnid Movie and displaying motion pictures. Many other terms exist for an Arachnid Movie individual motion picture, including picture, picture Arachnid Movie show, photo-play, flick, and most commonly, movie. Additional terms for the field in general include the Arachnid Movie big screen, the silver screen, the Arachnid Movie cinema, and the movies.In the 1860s, mechanisms for producing artificially created, two-dimensional images in motion were demonstrated with devices Arachnid Movie such as the zoetrope and the praxinoscope. These machines were outgrowths of simple optical devices (such as magic lanterns) and would display sequences of still pictures at Arachnid Movie sufficient speed for the images on the Arachnid Movie pictures to Arachnid Movie appear to be moving, a phenomenon called persistence of vision. Naturally, the images needed to be carefully designed to achieve the desired effect � and the underlying principle Arachnid Movie became the basis Arachnid Movie for the development of film animation.
A frame from Roundhay Garden Scene, the world's earliest film, by Louis Le Prince, 1888
With the development of Arachnid Movie celluloid film Arachnid Movie for still photography, it became possible to directly capture objects Arachnid Movie in motion in real time. Early versions of the technology sometimes required a person to look into a viewing machine to see the pictures which Arachnid Movie were separate paper prints attached to a drum turned Arachnid Movie by a handcrank. The pictures were shown at a variable speed of about 5 to 10 pictures per second depending on how rapidly the crank Arachnid Movie was turned. Some of these machines were coin operated. By the 1880s, the development of the motion picture camera allowed the individual component Arachnid Movie images to be captured and Arachnid Movie stored on a Arachnid Movie single reel, and led quickly to Arachnid Movie the development of a motion picture Arachnid Movie projector to shine light through the processed and printed Arachnid Movie film and magnify these "moving Arachnid Movie picture shows" onto Arachnid Movie a screen for an entire audience. These reels, so exhibited, came to be known as "motion pictures". Early motion pictures were Arachnid Movie static Arachnid Movie shots that showed an event or action with no editing or other cinematic techniques.
Ignoring Dickson's early sound experiments (1894), commercial Arachnid Movie motion Arachnid Movie pictures were purely visual art through the late 19th century, but these innovative silent films Arachnid Movie had gained a hold on the public imagination. Around Arachnid Movie the turn of the twentieth century, films began developing a narrative structure by stringing scenes together to tell narratives. The scenes were later broken up into multiple shots Arachnid Movie of varying sizes and angles. Other techniques such as camera movement were realized as effective ways to portray a story on Arachnid Movie film. Rather than leave the audience in silence, theater owners would hire a pianist or organist or a full orchestra to play music fitting the mood of the film at any given moment. By the Arachnid Movie early Arachnid Movie 1920s, Arachnid Movie most films came with a prepared list of sheet music for this purpose, with complete film scores being composed for major productions.
A shot from Georges Melies Le Voyage dans la Lune (A Trip to the Moon) (1902), an early narrative film.
The rise of European cinema was interrupted by the breakout of World War I while the film industry Arachnid Movie in United States flourished Arachnid Movie with the rise of Hollywood. Arachnid Movie However in the 1920s, European filmmakers such as Sergei Eisenstein, F. W. Murnau, and Fritz Lang, Arachnid Movie along with American innovator D. W. Griffith and the contributions of Charles Chaplin, Buster Keaton and others, continued Arachnid Movie to advance the Arachnid Movie medium. In the 1920s, new technology allowed filmmakers to Arachnid Movie attach to each film a soundtrack of speech, Arachnid Movie music and sound Arachnid Movie effects synchronized with the action on the screen. These sound films were initially distinguished by calling Arachnid Movie them Arachnid Movie "talking pictures", or Arachnid Movie talkies.
The next major step in the development of cinema was the introduction of Arachnid Movie so-called "natural" color. While the addition of sound quickly eclipsed Arachnid Movie silent film and theater musicians, color was adopted more gradually as methods evolved making it more practical and cost effective to produce "natural color" films. The public was relatively indifferent to color photography as opposed to black-and-white,[citation needed] but as color processes improved and became Arachnid Movie as affordable as black-and-white Arachnid Movie film, more and more movies Arachnid Movie were Arachnid Movie filmed Arachnid Movie in color after the end of World War II, as the industry in America came to Arachnid Movie view color as essential to attracting audiences in its competition with Arachnid Movie television, which Arachnid Movie remained a black-and-white medium until the mid-1960s. By the end of the 1960s, col
Since the decline of the studio system in the 1960s, the succeeding decades saw changes in the production and style Arachnid Movie of film. New Hollywood, Arachnid Movie French New Wave and the rise of film school educated independent filmmakers were all part of the changes the medium experienced in the Arachnid Movie latter half of the 20th century. Digital technology has been the Arachnid Movie driving force in change throughout the 1990s and into the 21st century.
Theory
Main article: Film theory
Film theory Arachnid Movie seeks to develop concise and systematic concepts that apply to the study of film as art. It was started by Ricciotto Canudo's The Birth of the Sixth Art. Formalist film theory, led by Rudolf Arnheim, Bela Balazs, and Siegfried Kracauer, emphasized how film differed from reality, Arachnid Movie and thus could be considered a valid fine art. Arachnid Movie Andre Bazin reacted against this theory by arguing that film's artistic essence lay in its ability Arachnid Movie to mechanically reproduce reality not in its differences Arachnid Movie from reality, and this gave rise to realist theory. More recent analysis spurred by Lacan's psychoanalysis and Ferdinand de Saussure's semiotics among other things has Arachnid Movie given rise to psychoanalytical film theory, structuralist film theory, feminist film theory and others.
Criticism
Main article: Film criticism
Film criticism is the analysis and evaluation of films. In general, these works can be divided into Arachnid Movie two categories: academic criticism by film Arachnid Movie scholars and journalistic film criticism that appears regularly in newspapers and other media.
Film Arachnid Movie critics working for newspapers, magazines, and broadcast media mainly review new releases. Normally they only see any given film once Arachnid Movie and have only a day or Arachnid Movie two to formulate opinions. Despite this, critics Arachnid Movie have an important Arachnid Movie impact on films, especially those of certain Arachnid Movie genres. Mass marketed action, horror, and comedy Arachnid Movie films tend not to be greatly affected by a critic's overall Arachnid Movie judgment Arachnid Movie of a Arachnid Movie film. The plot summary and description of a film that Arachnid Movie makes up the majority of any film review can still Arachnid Movie have Arachnid Movie an important impact on whether people decide to see Arachnid Movie a film. Arachnid Movie For prestige films such as most dramas, the influence of reviews is Arachnid Movie extremely important. Poor reviews will often doom a film to obscurity and financial loss.
The impact of a reviewer Arachnid Movie on a given film's box office performance is a matter of debate. Some claim that movie marketing is now so intense and Arachnid Movie well financed that reviewers cannot make an impact against it. However, the cataclysmic failure of some heavily-promoted movies which were harshly reviewed, as well as the unexpected success of critically praised Arachnid Movie independent Arachnid Movie movies indicates that extreme critical reactions can have considerable influence. Arachnid Movie Others note that Arachnid Movie positive film reviews have been Arachnid Movie shown to spark interest in little-known films. Conversely, there have been several films in which film companies have so little confidence that they refuse to give reviewers an advanced viewing to avoid widespread panning of the film. However, this usually Arachnid Movie backfires as reviewers are wise to the tactic and warn the public that the film may not be worth seeing and the films often do poorly Arachnid Movie as a result.
It is argued that journalist film critics should only be known as film reviewers, and true film critics are Arachnid Movie those who take a Arachnid Movie more academic approach to films. This line of work is Arachnid Movie more often known as film theory or film studies. Arachnid Movie These film critics attempt to come to understand how film and filming techniques work, and what effect they have on people. Rather than having their works published Arachnid Movie in newspapers or appear on television, their articles are published Arachnid Movie in scholarly journals, or sometimes in up-market magazines. They also Arachnid Movie tend to be affiliated with colleges or universities.
Industry
Main article: Film industry
The making and showing of motion pictures Arachnid Movie became Arachnid Movie a source of profit almost as soon as the process was invented. Upon seeing how successful their new invention, and its product, was in Arachnid Movie their native France, the Lumieres Arachnid Movie quickly set about touring the Continent to exhibit the Arachnid Movie first films privately to royalty and publicly to the masses. In each country, they would normally Arachnid Movie add new, local scenes to their catalogue Arachnid Movie and, quickly enough, found local entrepreneurs in the various countries of Europe to buy their equipment and photograph, export, import and screen additional product commercially. The Oberammergau Passion Arachnid Movie Play Arachnid Movie of 1898[citation needed] was the first Arachnid Movie commercial motion picture ever produced. Other pictures soon followed, and motion pictures became a separate industry that overshadowed the vaudeville Arachnid Movie world. Arachnid Movie Dedicated theaters and companies formed specifically to produce Arachnid Movie and distribute films, while motion picture actors became major celebrities and commanded huge fees for their performances. Already by 1917, Charlie Chaplin had a contract that Arachnid Movie called for an annual salary of one million dollars.
In the United States today, much of the film industry is centered around Hollywood. Other regional centers exist in many parts of the world, such as Mumbai-centered Bollywood, the Indian film industry's Hindi cinema which produces the largest number of films in the world.[1] Whether the ten thousand-plus feature length Arachnid Movie films a year produced by the Valley pornographic Arachnid Movie film industry should qualify for this title is the source of some Arachnid Movie debate.[citation needed] Though the expense involved in making movies has led cinema production to concentrate under Arachnid Movie the auspices of Arachnid Movie movie studios, Arachnid Movie recent advances in affordable film making Arachnid Movie equipment have allowed independent film productions to flourish.
Profit is a key Arachnid Movie force in Arachnid Movie the industry, due to the costly and risky nature of filmmaking; many films have large cost overruns, Arachnid Movie a notorious example being Kevin Costner's Waterworld. Yet many filmmakers strive to create works of lasting social significance. The Academy Awards (also known as "the Oscars") are the most Arachnid Movie prominent film awards in the United States, providing Arachnid Movie recognition each year to films, ostensibly based Arachnid Movie on their artistic merits.
There is also a large industry for educational and instructional films made in lieu of or Arachnid Movie in addition Arachnid Movie to lectures and Arachnid Movie texts.
Preview
A preview performance refers to a showing of a movie to Arachnid Movie a select audience, usually for the purposes of corporate Arachnid Movie promotions, Arachnid Movie before the public film premiere itself. Previews are sometimes used Arachnid Movie to judge Arachnid Movie audience reaction, which if unexpectedly negative, may Arachnid Movie result in recutting or even refilming certain sections. (cf Audience response.)
Trailer
Main Arachnid Movie article: Trailer (film)
Trailers or previews are film Arachnid Movie advertisements for films that will be exhibited in the future at a Arachnid Movie cinema, on whose screen they are shown. The term "trailer" comes from their having originally been shown Arachnid Movie at the end of a film programme. That practice did not last long, because patrons tended to leave the theater after the films ended, but the name Arachnid Movie has stuck. Trailers are now shown before the film (or the A movie in a double feature program) begins.
The nature of the film determines the size and type Arachnid Movie of crew required Arachnid Movie during filmmaking. Many Hollywood adventure films need computer generated imagery (CGI), created by dozens of 3D modellers, animators, rotoscopers and compositors. However, a low-budget, independent film may be made with a skeleton crew, often paid very Arachnid Movie little. Also, an open source film may be produced through open, collaborative processes. Filmmaking takes place Arachnid Movie all over the world using Arachnid Movie different technologies, styles of acting and genre, and is produced in a variety of economic contexts that range from state-sponsored documentary Arachnid Movie in China to profit-oriented movie making within the American studio system.
This production Arachnid Movie cycle typically takes three Arachnid Movie years. The first year is taken up with development. The second Arachnid Movie year comprises preproduction Arachnid Movie and production. The third year, post-production and distribution.
Crew
Main article: Film crew
A film crew is a group of people hired by a film company, employed during the "production" or "photography" phase, for the purpose of producing a film or motion picture. Crew are distinguished from Arachnid Movie cast, the actors who appear in front of the camera or provide voices for characters Arachnid Movie in the film. The crew interacts with Arachnid Movie but is also distinct from the production staff, consisting of producers, managers, company representatives, their assistants, and those whose Arachnid Movie primary responsibility falls in pre-production or post-production phases, Arachnid Movie such as writers and editors. Communication between production and crew generally passes through the director and Arachnid Movie his/her staff of assistants. Medium-to-large crews are generally divided into Arachnid Movie departments with well defined hierarchies and standards for interaction and cooperation between the departments. Other than acting, the crew handles everything in the photography phase: Arachnid Movie props and costumes, shooting, sound, electrics (i.e., lights), sets, and Arachnid Movie production Arachnid Movie special effects. Caterers (known in the film industry Arachnid Movie as "craft services") are usually not considered part of the crew.
Technology
Film stock consists of transparent celluloid, acetate, or polyester base coated with an Arachnid Movie emulsion Arachnid Movie containing light-sensitive chemicals. Cellulose nitrate was the first type of film base used to record motion pictures, but due to its flammability was eventually replaced by safer materials. Stock widths and the film format Arachnid Movie for images on the reel have had a rich history, Arachnid Movie though Arachnid Movie most large commercial films are still shot on (and distributed to theaters) as 35 mm prints.
Originally moving picture film Arachnid Movie was shot and projected at various speeds using hand-cranked Arachnid Movie cameras and projectors; though Arachnid Movie 1000 frames per minute (16? frame/s) is generally cited as a standard silent speed, research indicates most films Arachnid Movie were shot between 16 frame/s and 23 frame/s Arachnid Movie and Arachnid Movie projected from 18 frame/s on up (often reels included Arachnid Movie instructions Arachnid Movie on how fast each scene should be shown) [1]. When sound film was introduced in the late 1920s, a constant speed was required for the sound head. 24 frames per second was chosen because Arachnid Movie it was the slowest (and thus cheapest) speed which allowed for sufficient sound quality. Improvements since the late 19th century Arachnid Movie include the mechanization of cameras � allowing them to record at a consistent speed, quiet camera design � allowing sound recorded on-set to Arachnid Movie be usable without requiring large "blimps" to encase the camera, the invention of more sophisticated filmstocks and lenses, allowing directors to film in increasingly dim conditions, and the development of synchronized sound, allowing sound to be recorded Arachnid Movie at exactly Arachnid Movie the same speed as its corresponding action. The soundtrack can Arachnid Movie be recorded separately from shooting the film, but for live-action pictures many parts of the soundtrack are usually recorded simultaneously.
As a medium, film is not limited Arachnid Movie to motion pictures, since the technology developed as the basis for photography. It can be used to present a progressive sequence Arachnid Movie of still images in the form of a slideshow. Arachnid Movie Film has also been incorporated Arachnid Movie into multimedia presentations, and often has importance as primary historical documentation. However, historic films have problems in terms of preservation and storage, and the motion picture industry is exploring many alternatives. Most movies on cellulose nitrate base have been copied onto modern safety films. Some studios save color films through the use of Arachnid Movie separation masters � three B&W negatives each exposed through red, green, Arachnid Movie or blue filters (essentially a Arachnid Movie reverse of the Technicolor process). Digital methods have also been used to restore Arachnid Movie films, although their continued obsolescence cycle Arachnid Movie makes them (as of 2006) a poor choice for long-term preservation. Film preservation of decaying Arachnid Movie film stock is a matter of concern to both film historians and archivists, and to companies interested in preserving their existing products in order to make them available to future generations (and thereby Arachnid Movie increase revenue). Preservation is generally a higher-concern for Arachnid Movie nitrate and single-strip color films, due to their high decay rates; black and white films Arachnid Movie on safety bases and color films preserved on Technicolor imbibition Arachnid Movie prints tend to keep up much better, assuming Arachnid Movie proper handling and storage.
Some films in recent decades Arachnid Movie have been recorded using analog video technology Arachnid Movie similar to that used in television production. Modern digital video cameras and digital Arachnid Movie projectors are gaining ground as well. These approaches are extremely beneficial to moviemakers, especially because footage can be evaluated and edited without waiting Arachnid Movie for Arachnid Movie the film stock to be Arachnid Movie processed. Yet the migration is gradual, and as of 2005 most major motion pictures are still recorded on film.
Independent
Main article: Arachnid Movie Independent film
The Lumiere Brothers
Independent filmmaking often takes place Arachnid Movie outside of Hollywood, Arachnid Movie or other major studio Arachnid Movie systems. An Arachnid Movie independent film (or indie film) Arachnid Movie is a film initially produced Arachnid Movie without financing or distribution from Arachnid Movie a major movie studio. Creative, business, and technological Arachnid Movie reasons have all contributed to the growth of the indie film scene in the late 20th and early 21st century.
On Arachnid Movie the business side, the costs of big-budget studio films also leads to conservative choices in cast and crew. There is a trend in Hollywood towards co-financing (over two-thirds of the Arachnid Movie films put out Arachnid Movie by Warner Bros. in 2000 were joint ventures, up from 10% in 1987).[2] A hopeful director is almost never given the opportunity to get a job on a big-budget studio film unless he or she has significant industry experience in film or television. Also, the studios rarely produce films with unknown actors, particularly in lead roles.
Before Arachnid Movie the advent Arachnid Movie of digital alternatives, the cost of professional film equipment and stock was also a hurdle to being able to produce, direct, or star in a traditional studio film. The cost of 35 Arachnid Movie mm film is outpacing inflation: in 2002 alone, film negative costs were Arachnid Movie up 23%, according to Variety.[2].
But the advent of consumer camcorders in Arachnid Movie 1985, and more importantly, the arrival of Arachnid Movie high-resolution digital video in Arachnid Movie the early 1990s, have lowered Arachnid Movie the technology barrier to movie production significantly. Both production and post-production costs have been significantly lowered; today, the hardware and software for post-production can be installed in a commodity-based personal computer. Arachnid Movie Technologies such as DVDs, FireWire connections and non-linear editing system Arachnid Movie pro-level software like Adobe Premiere Pro, Sony Vegas and Apple's Final Cut Pro, and Arachnid Movie consumer level software such as Apple's Final Cut Express and iMovie Arachnid Movie make movie-making relatively inexpensive.
Since the introduction of DV technology, the Arachnid Movie means of production have become more democratized. Arachnid Movie Filmmakers Arachnid Movie can conceivably shoot and edit a movie, create and edit the sound and music, and mix the final cut on Arachnid Movie a home computer. Arachnid Movie However, while the means of production may be democratized, financing, distribution, and marketing remain difficult to accomplish outside Arachnid Movie the traditional system. Most independent filmmakers rely on film festivals to get Arachnid Movie their films noticed and Arachnid Movie sold for distribution. The arrival Arachnid Movie of internet-based video outlets Arachnid Movie such as YouTube and Veoh has further changed the film making landscape in ways that are still to be determined.
Open content film
Main article: Open content film
An open content film is much like an Arachnid Movie independent film, but it is produced through open collaborations; its source material is available Arachnid Movie under a license which Arachnid Movie is permissive enough to allow other parties Arachnid Movie to create fan fiction Arachnid Movie or derivative works, than a Arachnid Movie traditional copyright. Like independent filmmaking, open Arachnid Movie source filmmaking takes place outside of Hollywood, or other major studio systems.
Fan film
Main article: Fan film
A fan film is a Arachnid Movie film or video inspired by a film, television program, comic book or a similar source, Arachnid Movie created by fans rather than by Arachnid Movie the source's copyright holders or creators. Fan filmmakers have traditionally been amateurs, but some of the more notable films have Arachnid Movie actually been produced by professional filmmakers as film school class projects or as Arachnid Movie demonstration reels. Fan films vary tremendously in length, from short faux-teaser trailers for non-existent motion pictures to rarer full-length motion pictures
Animation is the technique Arachnid Movie in which each Arachnid Movie frame of a film is produced individually, whether generated as Arachnid Movie a computer graphic, Arachnid Movie or by photographing a drawn image, Arachnid Movie or by repeatedly making small changes to a model unit (see claymation and stop motion), and then photographing the result with Arachnid Movie a special animation camera. When the frames are strung together and the resulting film is viewed at a speed of 16 or more frames per second, there is an illusion of continuous movement (due to the Arachnid Movie persistence of vision). Generating such a film is very labour intensive and tedious, though the development of computer animation has greatly sped up the process.
File formats like GIF, Arachnid Movie QuickTime, Shockwave Arachnid Movie and Flash allow animation to be viewed on a Arachnid Movie computer or over the Internet.
Because animation is very time-consuming and often very expensive to produce, the majority of animation for Arachnid Movie TV and movies comes from professional animation studios. However, the field of independent Arachnid Movie animation has existed at least since the 1950s, with animation being produced by independent studios (and sometimes by a single person). Several independent animation producers Arachnid Movie have gone Arachnid Movie on to enter the professional animation industry.
Limited animation is a way of increasing production and decreasing costs of animation by using "short cuts" Arachnid Movie in the animation process. This method was pioneered by UPA and popularized by Hanna-Barbera, and adapted by other studios as cartoons moved Arachnid Movie from movie theaters to television.[3]
Although most animation studios are now using digital Arachnid Movie technologies in their productions, there is a specific style of animation that Arachnid Movie depends on film. Cameraless animation, made famous by moviemakers Arachnid Movie like Norman McLaren, Len Lye and Stan Brakhage, is Arachnid Movie painted and drawn directly onto pieces of film, Arachnid Movie and then run through a projector.
Venues
When it Arachnid Movie is initially produced, a feature film is often shown to audiences in a movie theater or cinema. Arachnid Movie The first Arachnid Movie theater designed exclusively for cinema opened in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in 1905.[4] Thousands of such Arachnid Movie theaters were built or Arachnid Movie converted from existing facilities within a few years.[5] In the United States, these theaters came to be known as nickelodeons, because admission typically cost Arachnid Movie a nickel (five cents).
Typically, one film Arachnid Movie is the featured presentation (or feature film). Arachnid Movie Before Arachnid Movie the 1970s, there were "double features"; Arachnid Movie typically, a Arachnid Movie high quality "A picture" rented by an independent theater for a lump sum, and a Arachnid Movie "B picture" of lower quality rented for a percentage of the Arachnid Movie gross receipts. Today, the bulk of the material shown before the feature film consists of previews for upcoming movies and paid advertisements (also known as trailers or "The Twenty").
Historically, Arachnid Movie all mass marketed feature films were made to be shown in movie theaters. The development of television has Arachnid Movie allowed films to Arachnid Movie be broadcast to larger audiences, usually after Arachnid Movie the film is no longer being shown in theaters. Recording technology has also enabled consumers to rent Arachnid Movie or buy copies of films on VHS or DVD (and the Arachnid Movie older formats of Arachnid Movie laserdisc, VCD and SelectaVision � Arachnid Movie see also videodisc), and Internet downloads Arachnid Movie may be available and have started to become Arachnid Movie revenue sources for the film companies. Some films are now made specifically for these other venues, being released as made-for-TV movies or direct-to-video movies. The production values on these films are Arachnid Movie often considered to be of inferior Arachnid Movie quality compared to theatrical releases in similar Arachnid Movie genres, and indeed, some Arachnid Movie films that are rejected by their own studios upon completion are Arachnid Movie distributed through these markets.
The movie theater pays an average of about 50-55% of its ticket sales to the movie studio, as film Arachnid Movie rental fees.[6] The actual percentage starts with Arachnid Movie a number higher Arachnid Movie than that, and decreases Arachnid Movie as the duration of a film's showing continues, as an incentive to theaters to keep movies in the theater longer. However, today's barrage of highly marketed movies ensures that most movies are shown in first-run theaters for less than 8 weeks. There are a few movies every year Arachnid Movie that defy this rule, often limited-release movies that start in only a few theaters and actually grow their theater count through good word-of-mouth and reviews. According to a 2000 Arachnid Movie study by ABN AMRO, about 26% of Hollywood Arachnid Movie movie Arachnid Movie studios' Arachnid Movie worldwide income came from box office ticket sales; 46% came from VHS and DVD sales to consumers; and 28% came from television Arachnid Movie (broadcast, cable, and pay-per-view).[6]
Future state
While motion picture films have been around for more than a century, film is still a relative newcomer in the pantheon of fine arts. In Arachnid Movie the 1950s, Arachnid Movie when television Arachnid Movie became widely available, industry analysts predicted the demise of local movie theaters. Despite competition from television's increasing technological sophistication Arachnid Movie over the 1960s and 1970s, such as the Arachnid Movie development of color television and large screens, motion picture cinemas continued. In Arachnid Movie the 1980s, when the widespread availability of Arachnid Movie inexpensive videocassette recorders enabled people to select films for home viewing, industry analysts again wrongly Arachnid Movie predicted the death of the local cinemas.
In the 1990s and 2000s the development of digital DVD players, home theater amplification systems with surround sound and subwoofers, and large LCD or plasma screens enabled people to select and view Arachnid Movie films at home with greatly improved audio and visual reproduction. These new technologies provided audio Arachnid Movie and visual that in the past only local cinemas had been able to provide: a large, clear widescreen Arachnid Movie presentation of a film with a full-range, high-quality multi-speaker sound system. Once again industry analysts predicted Arachnid Movie the demise of the Arachnid Movie local cinema. Local cinemas will be Arachnid Movie changing in the 2000s Arachnid Movie and moving towards digital screens, a new approach which will allow for easier and quicker distribution of films (via satellite or hard Arachnid Movie disks), a development which may give local theaters a reprieve from their predicted Arachnid Movie demise.
The cinema now faces a new challenge from home Arachnid Movie video by the likes of a new Arachnid Movie DVD format Blu-ray, which can provide full Arachnid Movie HD 1080p video playback at near cinema quality. Video formats are gradually catching up with the resolutions and quality that Arachnid Movie film offers, 1080p in Blu-ray offers a pixel resolution of 1920?1080 a leap from the DVD offering of 720?480 and Arachnid Movie the paltry 330?480 Arachnid Movie offered by the first home video standard Arachnid Movie VHS. The maximum resolutions that film currently offers are 2485?2970 or 1420?3390, Arachnid Movie UHD, a future digital video format, will offer a massive resolution of 7680?4320, surpassing all current Arachnid Movie film resolutions. The only viable Arachnid Movie competitor to these new Arachnid Movie innovations is IMAX which can play film content at an extreme 10000?7000 Arachnid Movie resolution.
Despite the rise of all new technologies, the development of the home Arachnid Movie video market and a surge of online piracy, 2007 was a Arachnid Movie record year in film that showed the highest ever box-office grosses. Many expected film to suffer as a result of the effects listed above but Arachnid Movie it has flourished, strengthening film studio expectations for the future. |
