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Film is a term that encompasses individual The Simpsons Movie On Dvd motion pictures, the field of film as an art The Simpsons Movie On Dvd form, and The Simpsons Movie On Dvd the motion picture industry. Films are produced by recording images from the world with cameras, or by creating images using animation The Simpsons Movie On Dvd techniques or special effects. Films are cultural artifacts created by specific cultures, which reflect those cultures, and, The Simpsons Movie On Dvd in turn, affect them. Film The Simpsons Movie On Dvd is considered The Simpsons Movie On Dvd to be an important art form, a source of popular entertainment and a powerful The Simpsons Movie On Dvd method for educating � or indoctrinating � The Simpsons Movie On Dvd citizens. The visual The Simpsons Movie On Dvd elements of cinema The Simpsons Movie On Dvd gives motion pictures a universal power of communication. Some films have become popular

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worldwide attractions by using dubbing The Simpsons Movie On Dvd or subtitles that translate the dialogue. Traditional films are made up of a series of individual images called frames. When The Simpsons Movie On Dvd these images are shown rapidly in succession, a viewer has the illusion that motion is occurring. The viewer cannot see The Simpsons Movie On Dvd the flickering between frames due The Simpsons Movie On Dvd to an effect known as persistence of vision, whereby the eye retains a The origin The Simpsons Movie On Dvd of the name "film" comes from the fact that photographic film (also called film stock) had historically been the primary medium for recording The Simpsons Movie On Dvd and displaying motion pictures. Many other terms exist for an individual motion The Simpsons Movie On Dvd picture, including picture, picture show, The Simpsons Movie On Dvd photo-play, flick, and most commonly, movie. Additional terms for the field in The Simpsons Movie On Dvd general include the The Simpsons Movie On Dvd big screen, the silver screen, The Simpsons Movie On Dvd the cinema, and the movies.In the 1860s, mechanisms for producing artificially created, The Simpsons Movie On Dvd two-dimensional images in motion were demonstrated with devices such as the zoetrope and the praxinoscope. These machines were outgrowths of simple optical devices (such as magic lanterns) and would display sequences of still pictures at sufficient speed for the images on the pictures to appear to be moving, a phenomenon called persistence of vision.

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Naturally, The Simpsons Movie On Dvd the images needed to be carefully designed The Simpsons Movie On Dvd to achieve the desired effect � and the underlying principle became the basis for the development The Simpsons Movie On Dvd of film animation. A frame The Simpsons Movie On Dvd from Roundhay Garden The Simpsons Movie On Dvd Scene, the world's earliest film, by Louis Le Prince, 1888 With the development of celluloid film for still photography, it became possible to directly capture objects The Simpsons Movie On Dvd in motion in real The Simpsons Movie On Dvd time. Early versions of The Simpsons Movie On Dvd the technology sometimes required a person to look into a viewing machine to see the pictures which The Simpsons Movie On Dvd were separate paper prints attached to a drum turned by a handcrank. The pictures were shown at a variable speed of about 5 to 10 pictures per second

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depending on how The Simpsons Movie On Dvd rapidly the crank was turned. Some of these machines were coin operated. The Simpsons Movie On Dvd By the 1880s, the development of the motion picture camera allowed the individual The Simpsons Movie On Dvd component images to The Simpsons Movie On Dvd be captured The Simpsons Movie On Dvd and stored on a single reel, and

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led quickly to the development of a motion picture projector to shine light The Simpsons Movie On Dvd through the processed and The Simpsons Movie On Dvd printed film and magnify these "moving picture shows" onto a screen for an entire audience. These reels, so exhibited, came to The Simpsons Movie On Dvd be The Simpsons Movie On Dvd known as "motion pictures". Early motion pictures were static shots that showed The Simpsons Movie On Dvd an event or action with no editing or other cinematic techniques. Ignoring Dickson's early sound experiments (1894), The Simpsons Movie On Dvd commercial motion pictures The Simpsons Movie On Dvd were purely visual The Simpsons Movie On Dvd art through The Simpsons Movie On Dvd the late The Simpsons Movie On Dvd 19th century, but these innovative silent films The Simpsons Movie On Dvd had The Simpsons Movie On Dvd gained The Simpsons Movie On Dvd a hold on the public The Simpsons Movie On Dvd imagination. Around the turn The Simpsons Movie On Dvd of the twentieth The Simpsons Movie On Dvd century, films began developing a narrative structure by stringing scenes together to tell narratives. The scenes were later broken up into multiple shots of varying sizes and The Simpsons Movie On Dvd angles. Other The Simpsons Movie On Dvd techniques such as camera movement were realized as effective ways to portray a story on film. Rather than leave the audience in silence, theater owners would hire a pianist or organist or a full orchestra to play music fitting the mood of the film at any given moment.

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By the early The Simpsons Movie On Dvd 1920s, most films came with a prepared list The Simpsons Movie On Dvd of sheet music for this purpose, with complete film scores The Simpsons Movie On Dvd being composed for major productions. A shot from Georges Melies Le Voyage dans la Lune (A Trip to the Moon) (1902), an early narrative film. The rise of European cinema was interrupted by the breakout of World War I while the film The Simpsons Movie On Dvd industry in United States The Simpsons Movie On Dvd flourished with the rise of Hollywood. However in the 1920s, European filmmakers such as Sergei Eisenstein, F. W. Murnau, and Fritz Lang, along with American innovator D. W. Griffith and the contributions of Charles Chaplin, Buster Keaton and others, continued to advance the The Simpsons Movie On Dvd medium. In the 1920s, new technology allowed filmmakers to attach to each film a soundtrack The Simpsons Movie On Dvd of speech, music The Simpsons Movie On Dvd and sound effects synchronized

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with the action on the screen.

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These sound films The Simpsons Movie On Dvd were initially distinguished by calling them "talking pictures", or The Simpsons Movie On Dvd talkies. The next major step in the development of cinema was the introduction of so-called "natural" color. While the addition of sound quickly eclipsed silent film and theater musicians, color was adopted more gradually as methods evolved making it more practical and The Simpsons Movie On Dvd cost effective to produce "natural color" films. The public was

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relatively indifferent to color photography as opposed to black-and-white,[citation needed] but The Simpsons Movie On Dvd as The Simpsons Movie On Dvd color processes improved and The Simpsons Movie On Dvd became as affordable as black-and-white film, more and more movies were The Simpsons Movie On Dvd filmed in The Simpsons Movie On Dvd color The Simpsons Movie On Dvd after the end of World War II, as the industry in America came to view color as essential to attracting audiences in its competition with television, which remained a black-and-white medium until the mid-1960s. By the end of the 1960s, col Since the decline The Simpsons Movie On Dvd of the studio system in the 1960s, the succeeding The Simpsons Movie On Dvd decades The Simpsons Movie On Dvd saw changes in the production and style of film.

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New The Simpsons Movie On Dvd Hollywood, French New Wave The Simpsons Movie On Dvd and the rise of The Simpsons Movie On Dvd film school educated The Simpsons Movie On Dvd independent filmmakers were The Simpsons Movie On Dvd all part of the changes the medium experienced The Simpsons Movie On Dvd in the latter half of the The Simpsons Movie On Dvd 20th century. Digital The Simpsons Movie On Dvd technology The Simpsons Movie On Dvd has been the driving force in change throughout the 1990s and into the 21st century. Theory Main The Simpsons Movie On Dvd article: Film theory Film theory seeks The Simpsons Movie On Dvd to develop concise and systematic concepts that apply to the study of film as art. It was started by Ricciotto Canudo's The Birth of the Sixth Art. Formalist film theory, led by Rudolf Arnheim, Bela Balazs, and Siegfried The Simpsons Movie On Dvd Kracauer, emphasized how film

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differed from reality, and thus could be considered a valid fine The Simpsons Movie On Dvd art. Andre Bazin reacted against this theory by arguing The Simpsons Movie On Dvd that film's artistic essence lay in its ability to mechanically reproduce reality not The Simpsons Movie On Dvd in its differences from reality, and this gave rise to realist theory. More recent analysis spurred by Lacan's psychoanalysis and Ferdinand de Saussure's semiotics among other things has given rise to psychoanalytical film theory, structuralist film theory, feminist film theory and others. Criticism Main article: Film criticism Film criticism is the analysis and evaluation of films. In general, these works can be divided into two categories: academic criticism by film scholars and journalistic The Simpsons Movie On Dvd film criticism that appears The Simpsons Movie On Dvd regularly in newspapers and other media. Film critics working for newspapers, magazines, and The Simpsons Movie On Dvd broadcast media mainly review new releases. Normally they only see any given film once and have only a The Simpsons Movie On Dvd day or two to formulate opinions.

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Despite this, critics have an important impact on films, especially those of certain genres. Mass marketed action, horror, and comedy films tend not to be greatly affected

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by a critic's overall judgment of a film. The plot summary and description of a film that makes up the majority of any film review can The Simpsons Movie On Dvd still The Simpsons Movie On Dvd have an important impact on whether people decide to see a film. For prestige films such as most dramas, the influence of reviews is extremely important. Poor reviews will often doom a film to obscurity and financial loss. The impact of a The Simpsons Movie On Dvd reviewer on a given film's box office performance is a matter of debate. Some claim that movie marketing is now so intense and The Simpsons Movie On Dvd well financed that reviewers cannot make an impact against it. However, the cataclysmic failure The Simpsons Movie On Dvd of some heavily-promoted movies which were harshly reviewed, as well as the unexpected success of critically praised independent movies indicates that extreme critical reactions can have considerable influence. Others The Simpsons Movie On Dvd note that positive film reviews have been shown to spark interest in little-known films. Conversely, there have been several films in which film companies have so little confidence that they refuse to give reviewers an advanced viewing to avoid widespread panning of the The Simpsons Movie On Dvd film. However, this usually backfires as reviewers are wise to the tactic and warn the The Simpsons Movie On Dvd public that the film The Simpsons Movie On Dvd may not be worth seeing and the films often do poorly as a result. It is argued that journalist film critics should only be known The Simpsons Movie On Dvd as film reviewers, and true film critics are those who take a more academic approach to The Simpsons Movie On Dvd films. This line of work is more The Simpsons Movie On Dvd often known as film theory or The Simpsons Movie On Dvd film The Simpsons Movie On Dvd studies. These The Simpsons Movie On Dvd film The Simpsons Movie On Dvd critics attempt to come to understand how film and filming techniques work, and what effect they have on The Simpsons Movie On Dvd people. Rather than having their works published in newspapers or appear on television, their articles are published in scholarly journals, or sometimes in up-market magazines. They also tend to be affiliated with colleges or universities. Industry Main article: Film industry The making and showing of

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motion pictures became a The Simpsons Movie On Dvd source of profit almost as soon as the process was invented. The Simpsons Movie On Dvd Upon seeing how successful their new invention, and its product, was in their native France, the The Simpsons Movie On Dvd Lumieres quickly set about touring the Continent to exhibit the first films privately to The Simpsons Movie On Dvd royalty and publicly to the masses. In each country, they would normally add new, local scenes to their catalogue and, quickly enough, found local entrepreneurs in the various countries of Europe to buy their equipment and photograph, export, import and screen additional product commercially. The Oberammergau Passion Play of 1898[citation needed] was the first

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commercial motion picture ever produced. Other pictures soon followed, and motion pictures became a separate industry that The Simpsons Movie On Dvd overshadowed the vaudeville world. The Simpsons Movie On Dvd Dedicated theaters and companies formed specifically to produce and distribute films, while motion picture actors became major celebrities The Simpsons Movie On Dvd and commanded huge fees for their performances. The Simpsons Movie On Dvd Already by The Simpsons Movie On Dvd 1917, Charlie Chaplin had a contract that called for an annual The Simpsons Movie On Dvd salary of one million dollars. In the United States today, The Simpsons Movie On Dvd much of the film industry is centered around Hollywood. Other regional centers exist in many

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parts of the world, such as Mumbai-centered Bollywood, the The Simpsons Movie On Dvd Indian

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film industry's Hindi cinema which produces the largest number of films in the world.[1] Whether the ten thousand-plus feature length films a year produced by the Valley pornographic film industry should qualify for this title is the source of some debate.[citation needed] Though the expense involved in making movies has led The Simpsons Movie On Dvd cinema production to concentrate under the auspices of movie studios, The Simpsons Movie On Dvd recent advances in The Simpsons Movie On Dvd affordable film making equipment have allowed independent film productions to The Simpsons Movie On Dvd flourish. Profit is The Simpsons Movie On Dvd a key force in the industry, due to the costly and risky nature of filmmaking; many films have large cost The Simpsons Movie On Dvd overruns, a notorious example The Simpsons Movie On Dvd being Kevin The Simpsons Movie On Dvd Costner's Waterworld. Yet many filmmakers strive to create Scanners Movie works of lasting social significance. The Academy Awards (also known as "the Oscars") are the most prominent film awards in the United States, providing recognition each year to The Simpsons Movie On Dvd films, ostensibly based on their artistic merits. There The Simpsons Movie On Dvd is also a large industry for The Simpsons Movie On Dvd educational and instructional films made in lieu of or in addition to lectures and texts. Preview A preview performance refers to a showing of a movie to a select

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audience, usually for the purposes of corporate promotions, before the public film premiere itself. Previews are sometimes used to judge audience reaction, which if unexpectedly negative, may result in recutting or even refilming The Simpsons Movie On Dvd certain sections. (cf Audience response.) Trailer Main article: Trailer (film) Trailers or previews are film advertisements for films that will be exhibited in the future at a cinema, on whose screen they are shown. The term "trailer" comes from their having originally been shown at the end of a film programme. That practice did not last long, because patrons tended to leave the theater after the films ended, but the name has stuck. Trailers The Simpsons Movie On Dvd are now shown before the film (or the A movie in a double feature program) begins. The nature of the film determines the size and type of crew required during The Simpsons Movie On Dvd filmmaking. Many The Simpsons Movie On Dvd Hollywood adventure films need The Simpsons Movie On Dvd computer generated imagery (CGI), created by dozens

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of 3D modellers, animators, rotoscopers The Simpsons Movie On Dvd and compositors. However, a low-budget, independent film may be The Simpsons Movie On Dvd made with a The Simpsons Movie On Dvd skeleton crew, often The Simpsons Movie On Dvd paid very little. Also, an open source film The Simpsons Movie On Dvd may be produced through open, collaborative processes. Filmmaking takes place all over the world using different technologies, styles of acting and genre, and is produced in a variety of economic contexts that range from The Simpsons Movie On Dvd state-sponsored documentary in The Simpsons Movie On Dvd China to profit-oriented movie making within the American studio system. This production cycle typically takes three years. The first year is The Simpsons Movie On Dvd taken up with development. The second year The Simpsons Movie On Dvd comprises preproduction and production. The third year, post-production The Simpsons Movie On Dvd and distribution. Crew Main article: Film crew A film crew is a group of people hired The Simpsons Movie On Dvd by a film company, employed during the "production" or "photography" phase, for the purpose of producing a film or motion picture. Crew are distinguished The Simpsons Movie On Dvd from cast, the actors who appear in front of the camera or provide The Simpsons Movie On Dvd voices for characters in the film. The crew interacts with but is also distinct The Simpsons Movie On Dvd from the production staff, consisting of producers, managers, company representatives, their assistants, and those whose primary responsibility falls in pre-production or post-production phases, such as writers and editors. Communication between production and crew generally passes The Simpsons Movie On Dvd through the director and his/her staff of

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assistants. The Simpsons Movie On Dvd Medium-to-large crews are generally divided into departments with well The Simpsons Movie On Dvd defined hierarchies and The Simpsons Movie On Dvd standards The Simpsons Movie On Dvd for interaction and cooperation

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between the departments. Other than acting, the crew handles everything The Simpsons Movie On Dvd in The Simpsons Movie On Dvd the photography The Simpsons Movie On Dvd phase: props and costumes, shooting, sound, electrics (i.e., lights), sets, and The Simpsons Movie On Dvd production The Simpsons Movie On Dvd special effects. Caterers (known in the film industry as The Simpsons Movie On Dvd "craft services") are usually not considered part of the crew. Technology Film stock consists of transparent celluloid, acetate, or polyester base The Simpsons Movie On Dvd coated with an emulsion containing light-sensitive chemicals. Cellulose nitrate was The Simpsons Movie On Dvd the first type of

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film base used to record motion pictures, but due to its flammability was eventually replaced by safer materials. Stock widths and the film format for images on the reel The Simpsons Movie On Dvd have had a rich history, though most large commercial films are still shot on (and distributed to The Simpsons Movie On Dvd theaters) as 35 The Simpsons Movie On Dvd mm prints. Originally moving picture film was shot and projected at

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various speeds using hand-cranked cameras and projectors; though 1000 frames per minute (16? frame/s) is generally cited as a standard silent speed, research indicates most films The Simpsons Movie On Dvd were shot between 16 frame/s and 23 frame/s and projected from 18 frame/s on up (often reels included instructions on how fast each The Simpsons Movie On Dvd scene should be shown) [1]. When sound film was introduced in the late 1920s, a constant speed was required for the sound head. 24 frames per second was chosen because it was the slowest (and The Simpsons Movie On Dvd thus cheapest) speed which The Simpsons Movie On Dvd allowed for sufficient sound quality. Improvements since the late 19th century include the mechanization of cameras The Simpsons Movie On Dvd � allowing them to record at a The Simpsons Movie On Dvd consistent speed, The Simpsons Movie On Dvd quiet camera design � allowing sound recorded on-set to be usable without requiring large "blimps" to encase The Simpsons Movie On Dvd the camera, the invention of more sophisticated filmstocks and lenses, allowing directors to film in increasingly The Simpsons Movie On Dvd dim conditions, and the development of synchronized sound, allowing sound to be recorded at The Simpsons Movie On Dvd exactly the same speed as its corresponding action. The soundtrack can The Simpsons Movie On Dvd be recorded separately from shooting the film, The Simpsons Movie On Dvd but for live-action pictures many parts of the soundtrack are usually recorded simultaneously. As a medium, The Simpsons Movie On Dvd film is not limited to motion The Simpsons Movie On Dvd pictures, since the technology developed as the basis for photography. It can The Simpsons Movie On Dvd be used to present a progressive sequence of The Simpsons Movie On Dvd still images in the The Simpsons Movie On Dvd form of a slideshow. Film has The Simpsons Movie On Dvd also been incorporated into multimedia presentations, and often has importance as primary historical documentation. However, historic films have problems The Simpsons Movie On Dvd in terms of preservation and storage, and the motion picture industry is exploring many alternatives. Most movies on cellulose nitrate base have been copied onto modern safety films. Some studios save color films through

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the The Simpsons Movie On Dvd use of separation masters � three B&W negatives each

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exposed through red, green, or The Simpsons Movie On Dvd blue filters (essentially a reverse of the Technicolor process). Digital methods have also been used The Simpsons Movie On Dvd to restore films, although their continued obsolescence cycle makes them (as of 2006) a poor choice for long-term preservation. Film preservation of decaying film stock is a The Simpsons Movie On Dvd matter of concern to both film historians and The Simpsons Movie On Dvd archivists, and to companies interested in preserving their existing products in order to

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make them available to future generations (and The Simpsons Movie On Dvd thereby increase revenue). Preservation is generally a higher-concern for nitrate and single-strip

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color films, due to their high decay rates; black and The Simpsons Movie On Dvd white films on safety bases and color films preserved on Technicolor imbibition prints tend to keep up much better, assuming The Simpsons Movie On Dvd proper handling and storage. Some films in recent decades have been recorded using analog video technology similar to that used in television production. Modern digital video cameras The Simpsons Movie On Dvd and digital projectors are gaining ground The Simpsons Movie On Dvd as The Simpsons Movie On Dvd well. These approaches are extremely beneficial to moviemakers, especially because footage can be evaluated and edited without waiting for the film stock to be processed. Yet the migration is gradual, and as of 2005 most The Simpsons Movie On Dvd major motion pictures are still recorded on film. Independent Main article: Independent film The Lumiere Brothers Independent filmmaking often takes place The Simpsons Movie On Dvd outside of Hollywood, or other major studio systems. An independent film (or The Simpsons Movie On Dvd indie film) is a film initially produced without financing or distribution The Simpsons Movie On Dvd from a major movie studio. Creative, business, and technological reasons have all contributed to the growth of the indie film scene in the late 20th and early 21st century. On the business side, the costs of big-budget studio films also The Simpsons Movie On Dvd leads to conservative choices in cast and crew. There is a trend in Hollywood towards The Simpsons Movie On Dvd co-financing (over two-thirds of the films put out by Warner The Simpsons Movie On Dvd Bros. in 2000 were joint ventures, up from 10% in 1987).[2] A hopeful director is almost never given the opportunity to get a job on a big-budget studio film unless he or she has significant industry experience in film or television. The Simpsons Movie On Dvd Also, the studios rarely produce films with unknown actors, particularly in lead The Simpsons Movie On Dvd roles. Before the advent of The Simpsons Movie On Dvd digital alternatives, The Simpsons Movie On Dvd the cost of professional film equipment and The Simpsons Movie On Dvd stock was also a hurdle to being able to produce, direct, The Simpsons Movie On Dvd or star in a traditional studio film. The cost of 35 mm film is outpacing inflation: in 2002 alone, film negative costs The Simpsons Movie On Dvd were up 23%, according to Variety.[2]. But The Simpsons Movie On Dvd the advent of The Simpsons Movie On Dvd consumer camcorders in 1985, and more importantly, the arrival of The Simpsons Movie On Dvd high-resolution digital video in The Simpsons Movie On Dvd the early 1990s, have lowered the technology barrier to The Simpsons Movie On Dvd movie production significantly. Both production and post-production costs have been significantly lowered; today, the hardware and software for post-production can The Simpsons Movie On Dvd be The Simpsons Movie On Dvd installed in a commodity-based personal computer. Technologies such The Simpsons Movie On Dvd as DVDs, FireWire connections and non-linear editing system pro-level software like Adobe Premiere Pro, The Simpsons Movie On Dvd Sony Vegas and Apple's Final Cut Pro, and consumer level software such as Apple's Final Cut Express and iMovie make movie-making relatively inexpensive. Since the introduction of DV technology, the means of production have become more democratized. Filmmakers The Simpsons Movie On Dvd can conceivably shoot and edit a movie, create and edit the The Simpsons Movie On Dvd sound and music, and mix The Simpsons Movie On Dvd the final cut on a home The Simpsons Movie On Dvd computer. However, while the The Simpsons Movie On Dvd means of production may be democratized, financing, distribution, and marketing remain difficult to accomplish outside the traditional system. Most independent filmmakers rely on film festivals to get their films noticed and sold for distribution. The arrival The Simpsons Movie On Dvd of internet-based video outlets such as YouTube and Veoh has further changed the film The Simpsons Movie On Dvd making The Simpsons Movie On Dvd landscape in ways that are still The Simpsons Movie On Dvd to be determined. Open content film Main article: Open The Simpsons Movie On Dvd content film An open content The Simpsons Movie On Dvd film The Simpsons Movie On Dvd is much The Simpsons Movie On Dvd like an independent film, but it is produced through open collaborations; its source material is The Simpsons Movie On Dvd available The Simpsons Movie On Dvd under a license which is permissive enough to allow other parties The Simpsons Movie On Dvd to create The Simpsons Movie On Dvd fan The Simpsons Movie On Dvd fiction or derivative works, than a traditional copyright. Like independent filmmaking, open source filmmaking takes The Simpsons Movie On Dvd place outside Arachnid Movie of Hollywood, or other major studio systems. Fan

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film Main article: Fan

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film A fan film The Simpsons Movie On Dvd is a film or video inspired by The Simpsons Movie On Dvd a film, television program, comic book or The Simpsons Movie On Dvd a similar source, created by fans rather than by the The Simpsons Movie On Dvd source's copyright holders or creators. Fan filmmakers have traditionally been amateurs, but some of the more notable films have actually been produced by professional filmmakers as film school class projects or The Simpsons Movie On Dvd as demonstration reels. Fan The Simpsons Movie On Dvd films vary tremendously in length, from short faux-teaser The Simpsons Movie On Dvd trailers for non-existent motion pictures to rarer full-length motion pictures Animation The Simpsons Movie On Dvd is the technique in which each frame of a film is produced individually, whether generated as a computer graphic, or by photographing The Simpsons Movie On Dvd a drawn image, or by repeatedly making small changes to a model unit (see claymation The Simpsons Movie On Dvd and stop motion), and then photographing the result with a special animation camera. When the The Simpsons Movie On Dvd frames are strung together and the resulting film The Simpsons Movie On Dvd is viewed The Simpsons Movie On Dvd at a speed of 16 or The Simpsons Movie On Dvd more frames per second, there The Simpsons Movie On Dvd is an illusion of continuous movement (due to the persistence of vision). Generating such The Simpsons Movie On Dvd a film is very labour intensive and tedious, though the development of computer animation has greatly sped up the process. File formats like GIF, QuickTime, Shockwave and Flash allow animation The Simpsons Movie On Dvd to be viewed

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on a computer The Simpsons Movie On Dvd or over the Internet. Because The Simpsons Movie On Dvd animation is very time-consuming and often very expensive to produce, the majority of The Simpsons Movie On Dvd animation for TV and movies comes from professional animation studios. However, the The Simpsons Movie On Dvd field of independent animation has existed at least since The Simpsons Movie On Dvd the 1950s, with animation being produced by independent studios (and sometimes by a single person). Several independent animation producers have gone on to enter The Simpsons Movie On Dvd the professional animation industry. Limited animation is The Simpsons Movie On Dvd a way of increasing production and decreasing costs of animation by using "short cuts" in the animation process. This method was pioneered by UPA and popularized by Hanna-Barbera, and adapted by other studios as The Simpsons Movie On Dvd cartoons moved from movie theaters to television.[3] Although most animation studios are now using The Simpsons Movie On Dvd digital technologies in their productions, there is a specific style of animation that depends on film. Cameraless The Simpsons Movie On Dvd animation, made famous by moviemakers like The Simpsons Movie On Dvd Norman McLaren, Len Lye and Stan Brakhage, The Simpsons Movie On Dvd is painted and drawn directly onto pieces

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of film, and then run through a projector. Venues When it is The Simpsons Movie On Dvd initially produced, a feature film is The Simpsons Movie On Dvd often shown to audiences The Simpsons Movie On Dvd in a movie theater The Simpsons Movie On Dvd or The Simpsons Movie On Dvd cinema. The first theater designed exclusively for The Simpsons Movie On Dvd cinema opened in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in 1905.[4] Thousands The Simpsons Movie On Dvd of such theaters were built or converted from existing facilities within a few years.[5] In the United States, The Simpsons Movie On Dvd these theaters came to be known The Simpsons Movie On Dvd as nickelodeons, because admission typically cost a nickel (five The Simpsons Movie On Dvd cents). Typically, one film is the featured presentation (or feature film). Before the The Simpsons Movie On Dvd 1970s, there were "double features"; typically, a high quality "A picture" rented by an independent theater for a lump sum, and a "B picture" of lower quality rented for a The Simpsons Movie On Dvd percentage of the gross receipts. Today, the bulk of the material shown before the feature film consists of previews The Simpsons Movie On Dvd for upcoming movies and The Simpsons Movie On Dvd paid advertisements (also known as trailers or "The Twenty"). Historically, all mass marketed The Simpsons Movie On Dvd feature films were The Simpsons Movie On Dvd made to be shown in movie theaters. The development of television The Simpsons Movie On Dvd has allowed films to be broadcast to larger audiences, usually after the film is no longer being shown in theaters. Recording technology has also enabled consumers to rent or buy copies of films on VHS or DVD (and the older formats of laserdisc, VCD and SelectaVision � see also videodisc), and Internet downloads may be available and have started to become revenue sources for the film companies. Some films are The Simpsons Movie On Dvd now made specifically for these other venues, being released as made-for-TV movies or direct-to-video movies. The production values on these films are often considered to The Simpsons Movie On Dvd be of inferior quality compared to theatrical The Simpsons Movie On Dvd releases in similar genres, and indeed, some The Simpsons Movie On Dvd films that are rejected by their own studios upon completion are distributed through these markets. The movie theater pays an average of The Simpsons Movie On Dvd about 50-55% of The Simpsons Movie On Dvd its ticket sales to the

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movie studio, as film rental fees.[6] The actual percentage starts with a The Simpsons Movie On Dvd number The Simpsons Movie On Dvd higher than that, and decreases as the duration The Simpsons Movie On Dvd of a film's showing

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continues, as an The Simpsons Movie On Dvd incentive to theaters to keep movies in the theater longer. However, today's barrage of highly marketed movies ensures that most movies are shown in first-run theaters for less than 8 weeks. There are a few movies every The Simpsons Movie On Dvd year that defy this rule, often limited-release movies that start in The Simpsons Movie On Dvd only a The Simpsons Movie On Dvd few theaters The Simpsons Movie On Dvd and actually grow their theater count through good word-of-mouth and reviews. According to a 2000 study by ABN AMRO, about 26% of Hollywood movie studios' worldwide income came from box office ticket The Simpsons Movie On Dvd sales; 46% came from VHS and The Simpsons Movie On Dvd DVD The Simpsons Movie On Dvd sales to consumers; and 28% came from television (broadcast, cable, and pay-per-view).[6] Future state While motion picture films have been around for more than a century, film is still a relative newcomer in the pantheon of fine arts. In the 1950s, when television became widely available, industry analysts predicted the demise of local movie theaters. Despite competition from television's increasing technological sophistication over the 1960s and 1970s, such

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as the development of color television and large screens, motion picture cinemas continued. In the 1980s, when The Simpsons Movie On Dvd the widespread availability of inexpensive videocassette recorders enabled people to select films for home viewing, industry analysts again wrongly predicted the death The Simpsons Movie On Dvd of the local cinemas. In the 1990s and 2000s the development of digital DVD players, home theater amplification systems with surround sound and subwoofers, and large LCD or plasma screens enabled people to select and view films at home with greatly improved audio and The Simpsons Movie On Dvd visual reproduction. These new technologies provided audio The Simpsons Movie On Dvd and visual that in the past only local cinemas had The Simpsons Movie On Dvd been able to provide: The Simpsons Movie On Dvd a large, clear widescreen presentation of a film with a full-range, high-quality The Simpsons Movie On Dvd multi-speaker sound system. Once again industry analysts predicted the demise of the local cinema. Local cinemas will be changing in the 2000s and moving towards digital screens, a new approach which will The Simpsons Movie On Dvd allow The Simpsons Movie On Dvd for easier and quicker distribution

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of films (via satellite The Simpsons Movie On Dvd or hard disks), a development which may give local theaters a reprieve from their predicted demise. The The Simpsons Movie On Dvd cinema now faces a new challenge from home video The Simpsons Movie On Dvd by the likes of a new DVD format Blu-ray, which can provide full HD The Simpsons Movie On Dvd 1080p The Simpsons Movie On Dvd video playback at near cinema quality. Video formats are gradually catching up with the resolutions and quality that film offers, 1080p in Blu-ray offers a pixel resolution of 1920?1080 a leap from the DVD offering of The Simpsons Movie On Dvd 720?480 and the paltry 330?480 offered by the The Simpsons Movie On Dvd first home video standard