Film is a term that encompasses Coming Soon Movie News individual motion pictures, the field of film as an art form, and the motion picture industry. Films are produced by recording images from the world Coming Soon Movie News with cameras, or by creating images using animation techniques or Coming Soon Movie News special effects.
Films are cultural artifacts created by specific cultures, which Coming Soon Movie News reflect those Coming Soon Movie News cultures, and, in turn, affect them. Film is considered to be an important art form, a source of popular entertainment and a powerful method for educating Coming Soon Movie News � or indoctrinating � Coming Soon Movie News citizens. The visual elements of cinema gives motion pictures a Coming Soon Movie News universal power of communication. Some films have Coming Soon Movie News become popular worldwide attractions by using dubbing or subtitles that translate the dialogue.
Traditional films are Coming Soon Movie News made up of a series of individual images called frames. When these Coming Soon Movie News images Coming Soon Movie News are shown rapidly Coming Soon Movie News in Coming Soon Movie News succession, a viewer has the illusion that motion is occurring. The viewer cannot see the flickering between frames due to Coming Soon Movie News an effect known as persistence of vision, whereby the Coming Soon Movie News eye retains a
The origin of the name "film" Coming Soon Movie News comes from the fact that photographic film (also called film stock) had historically been the Coming Soon Movie News primary medium for Coming Soon Movie News recording and displaying motion pictures. Many other terms exist for Coming Soon Movie News an individual motion picture, including picture, picture Coming Soon Movie News show, photo-play, flick, and most commonly, movie. Additional terms for the field in general include the Coming Soon Movie News big screen, the silver screen, the cinema, and the movies.In the 1860s, mechanisms for producing artificially created, two-dimensional images in motion were demonstrated Coming Soon Movie News with devices such as the zoetrope and the praxinoscope. Coming Soon Movie News These machines were outgrowths of simple Coming Soon Movie News optical devices (such as magic lanterns) and would display sequences of still pictures Coming Soon Movie News at sufficient speed Coming Soon Movie News for the images on the pictures to appear to be moving, Coming Soon Movie News a phenomenon called persistence of vision. Naturally, the images Coming Soon Movie News needed to be carefully designed to achieve Coming Soon Movie News the desired effect � and Coming Soon Movie News the underlying principle became the basis for Coming Soon Movie News the development Coming Soon Movie News of film animation.
A frame from Roundhay Garden Scene, the world's earliest film, by Louis Le Prince, 1888
With the development of celluloid film Coming Soon Movie News for still photography, it became Coming Soon Movie News possible to directly capture objects in motion Coming Soon Movie News in real time. Early versions of the technology sometimes Coming Soon Movie News required a person to look into a viewing machine to see the pictures which were separate paper Coming Soon Movie News Movie Theater Laurie Mo prints attached to a drum turned by a handcrank. Coming Soon Movie News The pictures were Coming Soon Movie News shown at a variable speed of about 5 to 10 Coming Soon Movie News pictures per second depending on how rapidly the crank was turned. Some of these machines were Coming Soon Movie News coin operated. By the 1880s, the development of the motion picture camera allowed the individual component images to Coming Soon Movie News be captured and stored on a single reel, and led quickly to the development of a motion picture projector to shine light through the processed and Coming Soon Movie News printed film and magnify these "moving Coming Soon Movie News picture shows" onto a screen for an Coming Soon Movie News entire audience. These reels, so exhibited, came to be known as "motion pictures". Early motion pictures were static shots that showed an event or action with no editing or other cinematic techniques.
Ignoring Dickson's early sound experiments (1894), commercial motion pictures Coming Soon Movie News were purely visual art through Coming Soon Movie News the late 19th century, but these innovative silent films had gained a hold on the public imagination. Coming Soon Movie News Around the turn of Coming Soon Movie News the twentieth century, films began developing a narrative structure by stringing scenes together to Coming Soon Movie News tell narratives. The scenes were later broken up into multiple shots of varying sizes and angles. Other techniques such as camera movement were realized as effective ways to portray a story on film. Rather than leave the audience Coming Soon Movie News in silence, theater owners would hire a pianist or organist or a full Coming Soon Movie News orchestra to play music fitting the mood of the Coming Soon Movie News film at any given moment. By the early 1920s, most films came with Coming Soon Movie News a Coming Soon Movie News prepared list of sheet music for this purpose, with Coming Soon Movie News complete Coming Soon Movie News film scores being composed for major productions.
A shot from Georges Melies Le Voyage dans la Lune (A Trip Coming Soon Movie News to the Moon) Coming Soon Movie News (1902), an early narrative film.
The rise of European cinema was interrupted by the breakout of Coming Soon Movie News World War I while the film industry in United States flourished with the rise of Hollywood. Coming Soon Movie News However in the 1920s, European filmmakers such as Sergei Eisenstein, F. Coming Soon Movie News W. Murnau, and Fritz Lang, along Coming Soon Movie News with American innovator D. W. Griffith and the contributions of Charles Chaplin, Buster Keaton and others, continued to advance the medium. In the 1920s, new technology allowed filmmakers to attach to each film Coming Soon Movie News a soundtrack of speech, music and sound effects synchronized with the action on Coming Soon Movie News the screen. These sound films were initially distinguished by calling them "talking pictures", or talkies.
The next Coming Soon Movie News major step in the development of cinema Coming Soon Movie News was the introduction of so-called "natural" color. While the addition of sound quickly eclipsed silent film and theater musicians, Coming Soon Movie News color was adopted more gradually as methods evolved making it more practical and cost effective to produce "natural color" Coming Soon Movie News films. Coming Soon Movie News The public was relatively indifferent to color photography as opposed to black-and-white,[citation needed] but as color processes improved and became as affordable as black-and-white film, Coming Soon Movie News more Coming Soon Movie News and more movies were filmed in color after the end of World Coming Soon Movie News War II, as the industry in America came to view color as essential to attracting audiences in its competition with television, which Pathfinder Movie remained Coming Soon Movie News a Coming Soon Movie News black-and-white medium until the Coming Soon Movie News mid-1960s. By the Coming Soon Movie News end of the 1960s, col
Since the decline of the studio Coming Soon Movie News system in the 1960s, the succeeding decades saw changes in the production and style of film. New Coming Soon Movie News Hollywood, French New Wave and Coming Soon Movie News the rise of film school educated independent filmmakers were all part of the changes the medium experienced in Coming Soon Movie News the latter half of the 20th century. Digital technology has been the driving force in change throughout the 1990s and into the 21st century.
Theory
Main article: Film theory
Film theory seeks to develop concise and systematic concepts that apply to the study Coming Soon Movie News of film as art. It was Coming Soon Movie News started Coming Soon Movie News by Ricciotto Canudo's The Birth of the Sixth Coming Soon Movie News Art. Formalist film theory, led by Rudolf Arnheim, Bela Balazs, and Coming Soon Movie News Siegfried Kracauer, emphasized how film differed from Coming Soon Movie News reality, and thus could be Coming Soon Movie News considered a valid fine art. Andre Bazin reacted against this theory by arguing that film's artistic essence lay in its ability to mechanically reproduce reality not Coming Soon Movie News in its differences from reality, and this gave rise to realist Coming Soon Movie News theory. More recent analysis spurred Coming Soon Movie News by Lacan's psychoanalysis and Ferdinand de Saussure's semiotics among other Coming Soon Movie News things has given rise to psychoanalytical film theory, structuralist film theory, feminist film theory and others.
Criticism
Main article: Film criticism
Film criticism is the analysis Coming Soon Movie News and evaluation of films. In general, these works can be divided Coming Soon Movie News into two categories: Coming Soon Movie News academic criticism by film scholars and journalistic film criticism that appears regularly in newspapers and other media.
Film critics working for newspapers, magazines, and broadcast media mainly Coming Soon Movie News review Coming Soon Movie News new releases. Normally they only Coming Soon Movie News see any given film once Coming Soon Movie News and have only a day or two to formulate opinions. Despite this, critics have an important impact on films, especially those of certain genres. Mass marketed action, horror, and comedy Coming Soon Movie News films tend not to be greatly affected by a critic's overall judgment of a film. Coming Soon Movie News The plot summary and description of a film that makes up Coming Soon Movie News the majority Coming Soon Movie News of any film Coming Soon Movie News review can still have an important impact on whether Coming Soon Movie News people decide to see a film. For prestige films such as most dramas, the Coming Soon Movie News influence Coming Soon Movie News of reviews Coming Soon Movie News is extremely important. Poor reviews will often doom a film to obscurity and financial loss.
The impact of a reviewer Coming Soon Movie News on a given film's box office performance is a matter of debate. Some claim that movie marketing is now so intense and well financed that reviewers cannot make an impact against it. However, Coming Soon Movie News the cataclysmic failure of Coming Soon Movie News some heavily-promoted movies which were harshly reviewed, as well as the Rocky Balboa The Movie unexpected success of critically praised independent movies indicates that extreme critical reactions can have considerable influence. Others note that positive film reviews have been shown to Coming Soon Movie News spark interest in little-known films. Conversely, there have been several films in which film companies Coming Soon Movie News have so little confidence that they refuse to give Coming Soon Movie News reviewers an advanced viewing to avoid widespread panning of the film. However, this Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie usually backfires as reviewers are wise to the tactic and warn the public that the film may not be worth seeing Coming Soon Movie News and the films often do poorly as a result.
It is argued that journalist film critics should only be known as Coming Soon Movie News film reviewers, and true film critics are those who take a Coming Soon Movie News more academic approach to films. This line Coming Soon Movie News of work is more often known as film theory or film studies. These film critics attempt to come to understand how film and filming techniques work, and what effect they have on people. Rather than having their works published in Coming Soon Movie News newspapers or appear on television, their articles are published Coming Soon Movie News in scholarly journals, or sometimes in up-market magazines. They also tend to be affiliated with colleges or universities.
Industry
Main article: Coming Soon Movie News Film industry
The making Coming Soon Movie News and showing of motion pictures became a source of profit almost as soon as the process was Coming Soon Movie News invented. Upon seeing Coming Soon Movie News how successful their new Coming Soon Movie News invention, and its product, was in their native France, the Lumieres quickly set about touring the Continent to exhibit the Coming Soon Movie News first films privately to royalty and publicly to the masses. In each country, they would normally Coming Soon Movie News add new, Coming Soon Movie News local scenes to their catalogue and, quickly enough, found local Coming Soon Movie News entrepreneurs in the various countries of Europe to buy their equipment and Coming Soon Movie News photograph, Coming Soon Movie News export, Coming Soon Movie News import and screen additional product commercially. The Oberammergau Passion Play of 1898[citation needed] was the first commercial motion Coming Soon Movie News picture ever produced. Other pictures soon followed, and motion pictures became a separate industry that overshadowed the vaudeville world. Dedicated theaters and companies formed specifically to produce and distribute films, while motion picture actors became major celebrities and commanded huge fees Coming Soon Movie News for their performances. Already Coming Soon Movie News by 1917, Charlie Chaplin had a contract that called for an annual salary of one million Coming Soon Movie News dollars.
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In the United Coming Soon Movie News States today, much of the film industry is centered around Hollywood. Other regional centers exist in many parts of the world, such as Mumbai-centered Bollywood, the Indian film industry's Hindi cinema which Coming Soon Movie News produces the largest number Coming Soon Movie News of films in the world.[1] Coming Soon Movie News Whether the ten thousand-plus feature length films a year produced by the Valley pornographic film industry should qualify for this title is the source of some debate.[citation Coming Soon Movie News needed] Though the expense involved in making movies has led cinema production to concentrate under the auspices of movie studios, Coming Soon Movie News recent Coming Soon Movie News advances in affordable film making equipment have allowed independent film productions to flourish.
Profit is a key force in the industry, due to the costly and risky nature Coming Soon Movie News of filmmaking; many films have large cost overruns, a notorious example being Kevin Costner's Waterworld. Yet many filmmakers strive to create works of lasting Coming Soon Movie News social significance. The Academy Awards (also known as "the Oscars") are the most prominent film awards in the United States, providing recognition each year to films, ostensibly based on their artistic merits.
There is also a large industry for educational Coming Soon Movie News and instructional Coming Soon Movie News films made in lieu of or in addition to lectures and texts.
Preview
A preview performance refers to a showing of a movie to a select audience, usually for the purposes of corporate promotions, before the public film premiere itself. Previews are sometimes used to judge audience reaction, which if Coming Soon Movie News unexpectedly negative, may result in recutting or even Movie Times Sacramento refilming certain sections. (cf Audience response.)
Trailer
Main article: Trailer Coming Soon Movie News (film)
Trailers or previews are film advertisements for films that will be exhibited Coming Soon Movie News in the Coming Soon Movie News future at a cinema, on whose screen they Coming Soon Movie News are shown. The term "trailer" comes from their having originally been shown at the end of a film programme. That practice did not last long, because patrons tended to leave the Coming Soon Movie News theater after Coming Soon Movie News the films ended, but the name has stuck. Trailers are now shown before the film (or the A movie in a double feature program) begins.
The nature of the film determines the size and type of crew required during filmmaking. Many Hollywood Coming Soon Movie News adventure films need computer generated imagery (CGI), created by dozens of 3D modellers, animators, rotoscopers and compositors. However, a low-budget, independent film may be made with a skeleton crew, often paid very little. Also, an open source film may be produced through open, collaborative processes. Filmmaking Coming Soon Movie News takes place all over the world using Coming Soon Movie News different technologies, Coming Soon Movie News styles of acting and genre, and Coming Soon Movie News is produced in a variety of economic contexts that range from state-sponsored Coming Soon Movie News documentary in China to profit-oriented Coming Soon Movie News movie making within the American studio system.
This production cycle typically Coming Soon Movie News takes three years. The first Coming Soon Movie News year Coming Soon Movie News is taken up with development. The second year Coming Soon Movie News comprises preproduction and production. The third year, post-production and distribution.
Crew
Main article: Film crew
A film crew is a Coming Soon Movie News group of people hired by a film company, employed during the "production" or "photography" phase, for the purpose Coming Soon Movie News of producing a film or motion picture. Crew are distinguished from cast, Coming Soon Movie News the actors who appear in front of the camera or provide voices for characters in the film. Coming Soon Movie News The crew interacts with but is also distinct from the production staff, consisting of producers, managers, company representatives, their assistants, and those whose primary responsibility falls in pre-production or post-production phases, such as writers and editors. Coming Soon Movie News Communication between production and crew generally passes through the director and his/her staff Coming Soon Movie News of assistants. Movie Independence Day Medium-to-large crews are generally divided into departments with well defined hierarchies and standards for interaction and cooperation between the departments. Other than acting, the crew handles everything in the photography Coming Soon Movie News phase: props and costumes, shooting, sound, electrics (i.e., lights), sets, and production special Coming Soon Movie News effects. Caterers (known in the film industry as "craft services") are usually not considered part of Coming Soon Movie News the Coming Soon Movie News crew.
Technology
Film stock consists of transparent celluloid, acetate, or polyester base coated with an emulsion containing Coming Soon Movie News light-sensitive chemicals. Cellulose Coming Soon Movie News nitrate was Coming Soon Movie News the first type of film base used Coming Soon Movie News to record motion pictures, but due to its flammability was eventually replaced by safer materials. Stock widths and the film format for images on Coming Soon Movie News the reel have had a rich history, though most large Coming Soon Movie News commercial Coming Soon Movie News films are still shot on (and distributed to theaters) as 35 mm prints.
Originally moving picture film was shot and projected at various speeds using hand-cranked cameras and Coming Soon Movie News projectors; though 1000 Coming Soon Movie News frames per minute (16? frame/s) is generally cited as a Coming Soon Movie News standard silent speed, research indicates most films were shot between 16 frame/s and 23 frame/s and projected Coming Soon Movie News from 18 frame/s on up (often Coming Soon Movie News reels included instructions on how fast each scene should Coming Soon Movie News be Coming Soon Movie News shown) [1]. When Coming Soon Movie News sound film was introduced in Coming Soon Movie News the late 1920s, a constant Coming Soon Movie News speed was required for the sound head. 24 frames per second was chosen because it was the slowest (and thus cheapest) speed which allowed for sufficient sound quality. Improvements since the late 19th century include Coming Soon Movie News the mechanization of cameras � allowing them to record Coming Soon Movie News at a consistent speed, quiet Coming Soon Movie News camera design � allowing sound recorded on-set to be Coming Soon Movie News usable Coming Soon Movie News without requiring large "blimps" to encase the camera, the Coming Soon Movie News invention of more sophisticated Coming Soon Movie News filmstocks and lenses, allowing Coming Soon Movie News directors to film in increasingly dim conditions, and the development of synchronized sound, allowing Coming Soon Movie News sound to be recorded at exactly the same speed as Coming Soon Movie News its corresponding action. Coming Soon Movie News The soundtrack can be recorded separately from shooting the film, but for live-action pictures many parts of the soundtrack are usually recorded simultaneously.
As a medium, film is Coming Soon Movie News not limited to motion pictures, since the technology developed Coming Soon Movie News as the basis for Coming Soon Movie News photography. It can be used to present a progressive sequence of still images in the form of a slideshow. Film has also been incorporated into multimedia presentations, and often has importance as primary historical documentation. However, historic films Coming Soon Movie News have problems in terms of preservation and storage, and the motion picture industry is exploring many alternatives. Most movies on Coming Soon Movie News cellulose nitrate base have been copied onto modern safety Coming Soon Movie News films. Some studios save color films through the use of separation masters � three B&W negatives each exposed through red, green, or Coming Soon Movie News blue filters (essentially a reverse of the Technicolor process). Digital methods Coming Soon Movie News have also been used to restore films, although their continued obsolescence cycle makes them (as of 2006) a Coming Soon Movie News poor choice for long-term preservation. Film preservation of decaying film stock is a matter of concern to both film Coming Soon Movie News historians and archivists, and to companies interested in preserving their existing products in order to Coming Soon Movie News make them Coming Soon Movie News available to future generations (and thereby increase revenue). Preservation is generally a higher-concern for nitrate and single-strip color films, Coming Soon Movie News due to their high decay rates; Coming Soon Movie News black and Coming Soon Movie News white films on safety bases and color Coming Soon Movie News films preserved on Technicolor imbibition prints tend to keep up much better, assuming proper handling and storage.
Some films in recent decades have been recorded Coming Soon Movie News using analog video technology similar to Coming Soon Movie News that used in television production. Modern Coming Soon Movie News digital video cameras and digital projectors Coming Soon Movie News are gaining ground as well. These approaches are extremely beneficial to moviemakers, especially because footage Coming Soon Movie News can be evaluated and edited without waiting for the film stock to be processed. Yet the migration is gradual, Coming Soon Movie News and as Coming Soon Movie News of 2005 most major Coming Soon Movie News motion pictures are still recorded on film.
Independent
Main article: Independent film
The Coming Soon Movie News Lumiere Brothers
Independent filmmaking often takes place outside of Hollywood, or other major studio systems. Anupama Movie Songs An independent film (or indie film) is a film initially produced without financing or distribution from a major movie studio. Coming Soon Movie News Creative, business, and technological reasons have all contributed to the growth of the indie film scene in the late 20th and early 21st century.
On the business Coldwater Mi Movie Theater side, the Coming Soon Movie News costs of big-budget studio films also leads to conservative choices in cast and crew. There Coming Soon Movie News is a trend in Hollywood towards co-financing (over two-thirds of the films put out by Warner Bros. in 2000 were joint ventures, up from 10% in 1987).[2] A hopeful director Coming Soon Movie News is Coming Soon Movie News almost never given the Coming Soon Movie News opportunity to get a job on a big-budget studio film unless he or she has significant industry experience in film or television. Also, the studios rarely produce films with unknown actors, particularly in lead roles.
Before the advent Coming Soon Movie News of digital alternatives, Coming Soon Movie News the cost of professional film equipment and stock was also a hurdle to being able to produce, direct, or star in a traditional studio film. The cost of 35 mm film is outpacing inflation: in Coming Soon Movie News 2002 alone, film negative costs were up 23%, according to Variety.[2].
But the advent of consumer camcorders Coming Soon Movie News in 1985, and more importantly, the arrival of high-resolution digital video Coming Soon Movie News in the early Coming Soon Movie News 1990s, have lowered the technology barrier to movie production significantly. Both production and post-production costs have been significantly lowered; today, the Coming Soon Movie News hardware and software for post-production can be installed in a commodity-based personal computer. Technologies Coming Soon Movie News such as DVDs, FireWire connections and non-linear editing system pro-level software like Adobe Premiere Pro, Sony Vegas and Coming Soon Movie News Apple's Final Cut Pro, and consumer level software Coming Soon Movie News such as Apple's Final Cut Express and Coming Soon Movie News iMovie Coming Soon Movie News make movie-making relatively inexpensive.
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Since the introduction of Coming Soon Movie News DV technology, the means of production have become Coming Soon Movie News more democratized. Filmmakers can conceivably Coming Soon Movie News shoot and edit a movie, Coming Soon Movie News create and edit the sound and music, and mix the final cut on a home computer. However, while the means of production may be democratized, financing, distribution, Coming Soon Movie News and marketing remain difficult to accomplish outside the Coming Soon Movie News traditional system. Most independent filmmakers rely on film festivals to get their films noticed and sold for distribution. The arrival of internet-based video outlets such as YouTube and Veoh Coming Soon Movie News has further Coming Soon Movie News changed the film making landscape in ways that are still to be determined.
Open content film
Main article: Open content film
An open content film is much like an independent film, but it is produced through Coming Soon Movie News open collaborations; its source material is available under a license which is Coming Soon Movie News permissive enough to allow other parties to create fan fiction or derivative Coming Soon Movie News works, than a traditional copyright. Like independent filmmaking, open source filmmaking takes place outside of Hollywood, or Coming Soon Movie News other major studio systems.
Fan Coming Soon Movie News film
Main article: Fan film
A fan film is a film or video inspired by Coming Soon Movie News a film, Coming Soon Movie News television program, comic book or a similar source, created by fans Coming Soon Movie News rather than by the source's copyright holders or creators. Fan Coming Soon Movie News filmmakers Coming Soon Movie News have traditionally been amateurs, but some of the more notable films have actually Coming Soon Movie News been produced by professional filmmakers as Private Lessons Movie film school class projects or as demonstration reels. Fan films vary tremendously in length, from Coming Soon Movie News short faux-teaser trailers for non-existent motion pictures to rarer full-length Coming Soon Movie News motion pictures
Animation Coming Soon Movie News is the Coming Soon Movie News technique Coming Soon Movie News in Coming Soon Movie News which each frame of a film is produced Coming Soon Movie News individually, whether Coming Soon Movie News generated as a computer graphic, or by photographing a drawn image, or by repeatedly making small changes to a model unit (see claymation and stop motion), and then photographing the result with Coming Soon Movie News a special animation camera. When the Coming Soon Movie News frames are strung together and Coming Soon Movie News the resulting film is viewed at a speed of 16 or more frames per second, there is an illusion of continuous movement Coming Soon Movie News (due to the persistence of vision). Generating such a film is very labour intensive and tedious, though the development of computer animation has greatly sped up the process.
File formats Coming Soon Movie News like GIF, QuickTime, Shockwave and Flash allow animation to be viewed on a Coming Soon Movie News computer or over the Internet.
Because animation is very time-consuming and often very Coming Soon Movie News expensive to produce, the majority Coming Soon Movie News of animation for TV and movies comes from professional animation studios. However, the field of Coming Soon Movie News independent animation has existed at least since the 1950s, with animation being produced by independent studios (and Coming Soon Movie News sometimes by a single person). Several independent animation producers have gone on to enter the professional animation industry.
Limited animation is a way of Coming Soon Movie News increasing production and decreasing costs of animation by using Coming Soon Movie News "short cuts" in the animation process. Coming Soon Movie News This method was pioneered by UPA and popularized by Hanna-Barbera, and adapted by other studios Coming Soon Movie News as cartoons Coming Soon Movie News moved from movie theaters to television.[3]
Although most Coming Soon Movie News animation studios are now using digital technologies in their productions, there is a specific style of animation that depends on film. Cameraless animation, made famous by moviemakers like Norman McLaren, Len Lye Coming Soon Movie News and Stan Brakhage, is painted and drawn directly Coming Soon Movie News onto pieces of film, and then run through a projector.
Venues
When it is initially produced, a feature film is Coming Soon Movie News often shown to audiences in a movie theater Coming Soon Movie News or Coming Soon Movie News cinema. The first theater designed exclusively for cinema opened in Pittsburgh, Coming Soon Movie News Pennsylvania in 1905.[4] Coming Soon Movie News Thousands of Coming Soon Movie News such theaters were built or converted from existing facilities Coming Soon Movie News within a Coming Soon Movie News few years.[5] Initial D The Movie In the United States, these theaters came to be known as nickelodeons, because admission typically cost Top Action Movie a nickel (five cents).
Typically, one film is the featured Coming Soon Movie News presentation (or feature film). Before the 1970s, there were "double Coming Soon Movie News features"; typically, a high quality Coming Soon Movie News "A picture" rented by an independent theater Coming Soon Movie News for a lump sum, and a "B picture" of lower quality rented for a percentage of the gross receipts. Today, the bulk of the material shown before the Coming Soon Movie News feature film consists Coming Soon Movie News of previews Coming Soon Movie News for upcoming movies and paid advertisements (also known as trailers Coming Soon Movie News or "The Twenty").
Historically, all mass marketed feature films were made to be shown in movie theaters. The development of television has allowed films to be broadcast to larger audiences, usually after the film is no longer being shown in theaters. Recording technology Coming Soon Movie News has also enabled consumers to rent or buy copies of films on VHS or DVD (and the older formats of laserdisc, VCD and SelectaVision � see also videodisc), and Internet downloads may be Coming Soon Movie News available and have started to become revenue sources for the film companies. Some films are now made specifically for Coming Soon Movie News these other Coming Soon Movie News venues, being released as made-for-TV Coming Soon Movie News movies or direct-to-video movies. The production values on these films are often considered to be of inferior Coming Soon Movie News quality compared to theatrical releases in similar genres, and indeed, some films that are rejected by their own studios upon Coming Soon Movie News completion are distributed through these markets.
The movie theater pays an average of about 50-55% of Coming Soon Movie News its ticket sales to Coming Soon Movie News the movie studio, as Coming Soon Movie News film rental fees.[6] The actual percentage starts with a number higher than that, and decreases as the duration of a film's showing continues, as an incentive to theaters to keep movies in the theater longer. However, today's barrage of highly marketed movies ensures that most movies Coming Soon Movie News are shown in first-run theaters Coming Soon Movie News for less than 8 weeks. There are a few movies every year Coming Soon Movie News that defy this rule, often limited-release movies that start in only Coming Soon Movie News a Coming Soon Movie News few theaters and actually grow their theater Coming Soon Movie News count through good word-of-mouth and reviews. According to a 2000 study by ABN AMRO, about 26% of Hollywood movie studios' worldwide income came from box office ticket sales; 46% came from VHS and DVD sales to consumers; and 28% came from television (broadcast, cable, and pay-per-view).[6]
Future state
While motion Coming Soon Movie News picture films have been around for more than a Coming Soon Movie News century, film is still a relative Coming Soon Movie News newcomer in the pantheon of fine arts. In the 1950s, when television became widely Coming Soon Movie News available, industry analysts predicted the demise of local movie theaters. Despite competition from television's Coming Soon Movie News increasing technological sophistication Coming Soon Movie News over the 1960s and 1970s, Coming Soon Movie News such as the development of color television and large screens, motion picture cinemas continued. In the 1980s, when the widespread availability of inexpensive videocassette Coming Soon Movie News recorders enabled people to Coming Soon Movie News select films for Coming Soon Movie News home viewing, industry analysts again wrongly predicted the death of the local cinemas.
In the 1990s and 2000s the development of digital DVD players, home theater Coming Soon Movie News amplification systems with Coming Soon Movie News surround sound and subwoofers, and large Coming Soon Movie News LCD Coming Soon Movie News or plasma screens enabled Coming Soon Movie News people to select Already Dead Movie and view films at home with greatly improved audio and visual reproduction. These new technologies provided audio and visual that in the past only local cinemas had been able to provide: a large, Coming Soon Movie News clear widescreen presentation of a film with a Coming Soon Movie News full-range, high-quality multi-speaker sound system. Once again industry analysts predicted the Coming Soon Movie News demise of the local cinema. Local cinemas will be changing in the 2000s and moving towards digital screens, a new approach which will allow for easier and quicker distribution of films (via satellite or hard disks), a development which may give local theaters a Coming Soon Movie News reprieve from their predicted demise.
The cinema now faces a Coming Soon Movie News new challenge from home video by Coming Soon Movie News the likes of a new DVD format Blu-ray, which can Coming Soon Movie News provide full HD 1080p Coming Soon Movie News video playback at near cinema Coming Soon Movie News quality. Video Coming Soon Movie News formats are gradually catching up with the resolutions and quality that film offers, 1080p in Blu-ray offers a pixel resolution of 1920?1080 a leap from the DVD offering of 720?480 and the paltry |
