Film is a term that encompasses individual Dom Deluise Movie motion pictures, the field of film as Dom Deluise Movie an art form, and the motion picture industry. Films are produced Dom Deluise Movie by recording images from the world with cameras, or by creating images using animation techniques Dom Deluise Movie or special Dom Deluise Movie effects.
Films are Dom Deluise Movie cultural artifacts created by specific cultures, which reflect those cultures, and, in turn, affect them. Film is considered to be an important art form, a Dom Deluise Movie source of popular entertainment and a powerful method for Dom Deluise Movie educating � or indoctrinating � citizens. The visual elements of cinema gives motion pictures a universal power Dom Deluise Movie of communication. Some films have become popular worldwide attractions by using dubbing or Dom Deluise Movie subtitles that translate the dialogue.
Traditional films are made up of Dom Deluise Movie a series of individual images called frames. When these images are shown rapidly in succession, a viewer has the illusion that motion is occurring. The viewer cannot Dom Deluise Movie see the flickering between frames What Women Want Movie due Dom Deluise Movie to an effect known as persistence of vision, whereby Dom Deluise Movie the eye retains a
The origin of the name "film" comes from the fact that photographic film (also called film stock) had historically been the primary Dom Deluise Movie medium for recording and displaying motion pictures. Many other terms Dom Deluise Movie exist for an individual motion Dom Deluise Movie picture, including picture, picture show, photo-play, flick, and most commonly, movie. Additional terms for the field in general include the big screen, the silver screen, Dom Deluise Movie the cinema, and the movies.In the 1860s, mechanisms Dom Deluise Movie for producing Dom Deluise Movie artificially created, two-dimensional images in motion Dom Deluise Movie were demonstrated with devices such as the zoetrope and the praxinoscope. These machines were outgrowths of simple optical devices Dom Deluise Movie (such as magic lanterns) and would display sequences of still Dom Deluise Movie pictures at sufficient speed for the images on the pictures to appear to be moving, a phenomenon called persistence of vision. Naturally, the images needed to be carefully designed to achieve the desired effect � and the underlying principle became Dom Deluise Movie the basis for the development of film animation.
A frame from Roundhay Garden Scene, the world's earliest film, by Louis Le Prince, Dom Deluise Movie 1888
With the development of celluloid film for still photography, it became possible to directly capture objects in motion Dom Deluise Movie in real time. Early versions of the technology sometimes required a person to look Dom Deluise Movie into a viewing machine Dom Deluise Movie to see the pictures which were separate paper prints Dom Deluise Movie attached to a drum turned by a handcrank. The pictures were shown at a variable speed of about 5 to 10 Dom Deluise Movie pictures per Dom Deluise Movie second Dom Deluise Movie depending on how rapidly the crank was turned. Some of these The Burning Movie machines were coin Dom Deluise Movie operated. By Dom Deluise Movie the 1880s, the development of the Dom Deluise Movie motion picture camera allowed the individual component images to be captured and stored on a single reel, and led quickly to the development of a motion picture projector to shine light through the processed and printed film and Dom Deluise Movie magnify these "moving picture shows" onto Dom Deluise Movie a screen for an entire audience. These reels, so exhibited, came to be known Dom Deluise Movie as "motion pictures". Early motion pictures Dom Deluise Movie were static shots that showed an event or action with no editing or other cinematic techniques.
Ignoring Dickson's Dom Deluise Movie early sound experiments (1894), commercial motion pictures were purely visual art through the late 19th century, but these innovative silent films had gained a hold on the public imagination. Around the turn of the twentieth century, films began developing a narrative structure Dom Deluise Movie by stringing scenes together to tell Dom Deluise Movie narratives. The scenes were later broken up into multiple shots of varying sizes and angles. Other techniques such as camera movement were realized as effective ways to portray a story on film. Rather than leave the audience in silence, Dom Deluise Movie theater owners would hire a pianist or organist or a full orchestra to play Dom Deluise Movie music fitting the mood of the film at any given moment. By the early 1920s, most films Dom Deluise Movie came with a prepared list of sheet music for Dom Deluise Movie this purpose, with complete film scores being composed for major productions.
A shot from Georges Melies Le Voyage dans la Lune (A Trip to the Moon) (1902), an early narrative film.
The rise of European cinema Dom Deluise Movie was interrupted by the breakout of World War I Dom Deluise Movie while the film industry in Dom Deluise Movie United States flourished with the rise of Hollywood. However in the 1920s, Dom Deluise Movie European filmmakers such as Sergei Eisenstein, F. W. Murnau, and Fritz Lang, along with American Dom Deluise Movie innovator D. W. Griffith and the contributions of Charles Chaplin, Dom Deluise Movie Buster Keaton and others, continued to advance the medium. Dom Deluise Movie In the 1920s, new technology allowed filmmakers to attach to each Dom Deluise Movie film Dom Deluise Movie a soundtrack of speech, music and sound effects synchronized with the action on the screen. These sound films were initially distinguished by calling them "talking pictures", or talkies.
The next major step in the development of cinema was the introduction of so-called "natural" color. While the addition Dom Deluise Movie of sound quickly eclipsed silent Dom Deluise Movie film and theater musicians, color was Dom Deluise Movie adopted more gradually as methods evolved making it more practical and cost Dom Deluise Movie effective to produce "natural color" Dom Deluise Movie films. The public Dom Deluise Movie was relatively indifferent to color photography as opposed to black-and-white,[citation needed] but as color processes improved and became as affordable Dom Deluise Movie as black-and-white film, more and more movies were filmed in color after the end of World War II, Dom Deluise Movie as the industry in America came to view color Dom Deluise Movie as essential to attracting audiences in its competition with television, which Dom Deluise Movie remained Dom Deluise Movie a Dom Deluise Movie black-and-white medium until the mid-1960s. By Dom Deluise Movie the end of the 1960s, col
Since the decline of the studio system Dom Deluise Movie in the 1960s, the succeeding decades saw changes in the production and style of film. New Hollywood, French New Wave and the rise of film school educated independent filmmakers were all part of the changes the medium experienced in the latter half of the 20th century. Digital technology has been the driving force Dom Deluise Movie in change throughout the 1990s and into the 21st century.
Theory
Main article: Dom Deluise Movie Film theory
Film theory seeks to develop concise and systematic concepts that apply to the study of film as art. Dom Deluise Movie It was Dom Deluise Movie started by Ricciotto Canudo's The Dom Deluise Movie Birth of Dom Deluise Movie the Sixth Art. Formalist film theory, led by Rudolf Arnheim, Bela Balazs, and Siegfried Kracauer, emphasized how film differed from reality, and thus could be considered Dom Deluise Movie a valid fine Dom Deluise Movie art. Dom Deluise Movie Andre Dom Deluise Movie Bazin reacted against this theory by arguing that film's artistic essence lay in its Dom Deluise Movie ability to mechanically reproduce reality not in its differences from reality, and this gave rise to realist theory. Dom Deluise Movie More recent analysis spurred by Lacan's psychoanalysis Dom Deluise Movie and Ferdinand de Saussure's semiotics among other things has given rise to Dom Deluise Movie psychoanalytical film theory, structuralist film theory, Dom Deluise Movie feminist film Dom Deluise Movie theory and others.
Criticism
Main article: Film criticism
Film criticism is the Dom Deluise Movie analysis and evaluation of films. In general, these works can be divided into two categories: academic criticism by film scholars Dom Deluise Movie and journalistic film criticism that Dom Deluise Movie appears regularly in newspapers and other media.
Film critics working for newspapers, magazines, and broadcast media mainly review new releases. Normally they only Dom Deluise Movie see any given film once Dom Deluise Movie and have only a day or two to formulate opinions. Despite this, critics have an important impact on films, especially those of certain genres. Mass marketed action, horror, and comedy films Dom Deluise Movie tend not to be greatly affected by a critic's overall judgment of a Dom Deluise Movie film. The plot summary and description of Dom Deluise Movie a film that Dom Deluise Movie makes up the Dom Deluise Movie majority of any film review can still have an important impact on whether people decide to see a film. For prestige films such as most dramas, the influence of reviews Dom Deluise Movie is extremely important. Poor reviews will often doom a film to Dom Deluise Movie obscurity and financial loss.
The Dom Deluise Movie impact of a reviewer on a given film's box office performance is a matter of debate. Some claim Dom Deluise Movie that movie marketing is now so Dom Deluise Movie intense and well Dom Deluise Movie financed that reviewers cannot make an impact against it. Dom Deluise Movie However, the cataclysmic failure of some heavily-promoted movies which were harshly Dom Deluise Movie reviewed, as well as the Dom Deluise Movie unexpected success of Dom Deluise Movie critically praised independent movies Dom Deluise Movie indicates that extreme critical reactions can Dom Deluise Movie have considerable influence. Others note Dom Deluise Movie that positive film reviews have been shown to spark interest in little-known films. Conversely, there have been several films in which film companies have so little confidence that they refuse to give reviewers an advanced viewing to avoid widespread panning of the film. However, this usually backfires as reviewers are wise to the tactic Dom Deluise Movie and warn the public that the film may not be worth Dom Deluise Movie seeing and the films Dom Deluise Movie often do poorly as a result.
It Dom Deluise Movie is argued that journalist film critics should only be known as film reviewers, and true film critics are those who take a more academic approach to films. This line of work is more often known as Dom Deluise Movie film Dom Deluise Movie theory or film studies. These Dom Deluise Movie film Dom Deluise Movie critics attempt to Dom Deluise Movie come to Dom Deluise Movie understand how film and filming techniques work, and Dom Deluise Movie what effect they have on people. Rather than having their works published Dom Deluise Movie in newspapers or appear on television, Dom Deluise Movie their articles are Dom Deluise Movie published in scholarly journals, or sometimes in up-market Dom Deluise Movie magazines. They Dom Deluise Movie also tend to be affiliated with colleges or universities.
Industry
Main article: Film industry
The making and showing of Dom Deluise Movie motion Dom Deluise Movie pictures became a source of profit almost as soon as the process was invented. Upon seeing how successful their new invention, and its product, was in their Dom Deluise Movie native France, the Dom Deluise Movie Reno Air Race Movie Lumieres quickly set about touring the Continent to exhibit the first films privately to royalty and publicly to the masses. In each country, they would normally add new, local scenes to their catalogue and, quickly enough, found local Dom Deluise Movie entrepreneurs in the various countries of Dom Deluise Movie Europe Dom Deluise Movie to buy their equipment and photograph, export, import and screen additional product commercially. The Oberammergau Passion Play of 1898[citation Dom Deluise Movie needed] Dom Deluise Movie was the first commercial Dom Deluise Movie motion picture ever produced. Other pictures soon followed, and motion pictures became a separate Dom Deluise Movie industry that overshadowed the vaudeville world. Dedicated theaters and companies Dom Deluise Movie formed specifically to Dom Deluise Movie produce and distribute films, while motion picture actors became major celebrities and commanded huge fees for their performances. Already by 1917, Charlie Chaplin had a contract that called for an annual salary of one Dom Deluise Movie million dollars.
In Dom Deluise Movie the United States today, much of the film industry is centered Dom Deluise Movie around Hollywood. Other regional centers exist Dom Deluise Movie in many parts of the world, such as Mumbai-centered Bollywood, the Indian film industry's Hindi cinema which produces the largest number of films in the world.[1] Whether the ten thousand-plus feature length films a year produced by Dom Deluise Movie the Valley pornographic film industry should qualify for this title is the Dom Deluise Movie source of some debate.[citation needed] Though Dom Deluise Movie the expense involved in making movies has led cinema production to Dom Deluise Movie concentrate under the auspices of movie studios, recent advances in affordable film making equipment have allowed independent film Dom Deluise Movie productions to flourish.
Profit is a key Dom Deluise Movie force in the industry, due to the costly and risky Dom Deluise Movie nature of filmmaking; many films have large cost overruns, a notorious Dom Deluise Movie example being Kevin Costner's Waterworld. Yet many filmmakers strive to create works of lasting social significance. The Academy Awards Dom Deluise Movie (also known as "the Oscars") are the most prominent film awards in the United States, providing recognition each year to films, ostensibly based on Dom Deluise Movie their artistic merits.
There is also a large industry for Dom Deluise Movie educational and instructional films made in lieu of or in addition to lectures and texts.
Preview
A preview performance refers to a showing of a movie to Dom Deluise Movie a select audience, usually for Where Can I Watch Movie Clips the purposes of corporate promotions, before Dom Deluise Movie the public film premiere itself. Previews are sometimes used to judge Dom Deluise Movie audience reaction, which if unexpectedly negative, Dom Deluise Movie may result in recutting or even refilming certain sections. (cf Audience response.)
Trailer
Main article: Trailer (film)
Trailers or previews are film advertisements for films that will be exhibited in the future Dom Deluise Movie at Dom Deluise Movie a cinema, on whose screen they are shown. The term "trailer" comes from Dom Deluise Movie their having originally been shown at the end of a film programme. Dom Deluise Movie That practice did not last long, because patrons tended to leave the theater after the films ended, but the name has stuck. Trailers are now shown Dom Deluise Movie before the film (or Dom Deluise Movie the A movie in a double feature program) begins.
The nature of the film determines the size and type Dom Deluise Movie of crew required during filmmaking. Many Hollywood Dom Deluise Movie adventure films need computer generated imagery (CGI), created Dom Deluise Movie by dozens of 3D modellers, animators, rotoscopers and compositors. Dom Deluise Movie However, a low-budget, independent film may be made with a skeleton crew, often paid very little. Also, Dom Deluise Movie an open source film may be produced Dom Deluise Movie through open, collaborative processes. Filmmaking takes place all over the world using Dom Deluise Movie different technologies, styles of acting and genre, and is Dom Deluise Movie produced in a Dom Deluise Movie variety of economic contexts that range Dom Deluise Movie from state-sponsored documentary in China to profit-oriented movie making within the American studio system.
This production cycle typically takes three years. The first year is taken up Dom Deluise Movie with development. The second year comprises Dom Deluise Movie preproduction and production. The third year, post-production and distribution.
Crew
Main article: Film crew
A film Dom Deluise Movie crew Dom Deluise Movie is a group of people hired by a Dom Deluise Movie film company, employed during the "production" or "photography" phase, for the purpose of producing a Dom Deluise Movie film or motion picture. Crew Dom Deluise Movie are distinguished from Dom Deluise Movie cast, the actors who appear in front of the camera or provide voices for characters in the film. The crew interacts with but is also distinct from the production staff, consisting Dom Deluise Movie of producers, managers, company representatives, their Dom Deluise Movie assistants, and those whose primary responsibility falls in Dom Deluise Movie pre-production or post-production phases, such as writers and editors. Dom Deluise Movie Communication between production and crew generally passes through the director and his/her staff of assistants. Medium-to-large crews Dom Deluise Movie are Dom Deluise Movie generally divided into departments with well defined hierarchies and standards for interaction and cooperation between the departments. Other than acting, the crew handles everything in the photography phase: props and costumes, shooting, sound, electrics (i.e., lights), sets, and production special effects. Dom Deluise Movie Caterers (known in the film industry as "craft services") are usually not considered part of the crew.
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Technology
Film stock consists of transparent celluloid, acetate, or polyester base coated with Dom Deluise Movie an emulsion containing light-sensitive chemicals. Cellulose Dom Deluise Movie nitrate was the first type of film base used to record motion pictures, but due to its flammability was eventually replaced by safer materials. Stock widths Dom Deluise Movie and Dom Deluise Movie the film format for images on the reel have had a rich history, though most large commercial films are still shot on (and distributed to theaters) as Dom Deluise Movie 35 mm prints.
Originally Dom Deluise Movie moving picture film was shot and projected at various speeds using hand-cranked cameras and projectors; though 1000 frames per minute (16? frame/s) is generally cited as a standard silent Dom Deluise Movie speed, research indicates most films were shot between 16 frame/s Dom Deluise Movie and 23 frame/s and projected Dom Deluise Movie from 18 frame/s on up (often reels included instructions Dom Deluise Movie on how fast each scene should be shown) [1]. When sound Dom Deluise Movie film was introduced in the late 1920s, a constant speed was required for the sound head. 24 Dom Deluise Movie frames per second Dom Deluise Movie was chosen because Dom Deluise Movie it was the slowest (and thus cheapest) speed which allowed Dom Deluise Movie for sufficient sound quality. Improvements since the late 19th century include the mechanization of cameras � allowing them to record at a consistent speed, quiet camera design � Dom Deluise Movie allowing sound recorded Dom Deluise Movie on-set to be usable without requiring large Dom Deluise Movie "blimps" to Dom Deluise Movie encase the camera, the invention of more sophisticated Dom Deluise Movie filmstocks and lenses, allowing directors Dom Deluise Movie to film in increasingly dim conditions, and the development of synchronized sound, allowing sound to be recorded Dom Deluise Movie at exactly the same speed as its corresponding action. Dom Deluise Movie The soundtrack Dom Deluise Movie can be recorded Dom Deluise Movie separately from shooting the film, but for live-action pictures many Dom Deluise Movie parts of the soundtrack are usually recorded simultaneously.
As a medium, film is not limited Dom Deluise Movie to motion pictures, since the technology developed as the basis for photography. It can be used to present a progressive Dom Deluise Movie Chrsitina Model Topless Movie sequence of Dom Deluise Movie still images in the form of a slideshow. Film has also been Dom Deluise Movie incorporated into multimedia presentations, and often has Dom Deluise Movie importance as primary historical documentation. However, historic films Dom Deluise Movie have problems in terms Dom Deluise Movie of preservation and storage, and the motion picture industry is exploring many alternatives. Most movies on cellulose nitrate base have been copied onto modern safety films. Some studios save color films through the use of separation Dom Deluise Movie masters � three B&W negatives each exposed through red, green, or blue filters (essentially a Dom Deluise Movie reverse of the Technicolor process). Digital methods have also been used to restore films, although their Dom Deluise Movie continued obsolescence cycle makes them (as of 2006) a poor choice for Dom Deluise Movie long-term preservation. Film preservation of decaying film stock is a matter of concern to both film historians and Dom Deluise Movie archivists, and to companies interested in preserving Dom Deluise Movie their existing products in order to make them available to future generations (and thereby increase Dom Deluise Movie revenue). Preservation is generally a higher-concern Dom Deluise Movie for nitrate and Dom Deluise Movie single-strip color films, due to their high decay Dom Deluise Movie rates; black and white films on safety bases and color films preserved Dom Deluise Movie on Technicolor imbibition prints tend Dom Deluise Movie to keep up much better, assuming proper handling Dom Deluise Movie and storage.
Some films in recent decades Dom Deluise Movie have been recorded using analog video technology similar to that used in television production. Dom Deluise Movie Modern digital video cameras and digital projectors are gaining ground as well. These approaches are extremely beneficial to moviemakers, especially because footage can be Dom Deluise Movie evaluated and edited without waiting for the film Dom Deluise Movie stock to be processed. Dom Deluise Movie Yet the migration is gradual, and as of 2005 most major motion pictures are still recorded on film.
Independent
Main article: Independent film
The Lumiere Brothers
Independent filmmaking often takes place outside of Hollywood, or other major studio systems. Dom Deluise Movie An independent film (or indie film) is a film initially produced without financing or distribution from a major Dom Deluise Movie movie Dom Deluise Movie studio. Creative, business, and technological reasons have Dom Deluise Movie all contributed to the growth of Dom Deluise Movie the Dom Deluise Movie indie Dom Deluise Movie film scene in the late 20th and early 21st Dom Deluise Movie century.
On Dom Deluise Movie the business side, the costs of big-budget studio films also leads Dom Deluise Movie to conservative choices in cast and crew. There is a trend in Hollywood towards co-financing (over two-thirds of Dom Deluise Movie the films put out by Warner Bros. in 2000 were joint ventures, up from 10% in 1987).[2] A hopeful director is almost never given the opportunity to get a job on a big-budget Dom Deluise Movie studio film unless he or she has significant industry experience in film or television. Also, the studios rarely produce films with unknown actors, particularly Dom Deluise Movie in lead Dom Deluise Movie roles.
Before the advent of digital Dom Deluise Movie alternatives, Making Supernatural Movie the cost of professional film equipment Dom Deluise Movie and stock was Dom Deluise Movie also a hurdle to being able to produce, direct, or star in a traditional studio film. The cost of 35 mm film is outpacing inflation: in 2002 alone, Dom Deluise Movie film negative costs Dom Deluise Movie were up 23%, according to Variety.[2].
But the advent of consumer camcorders in 1985, and more importantly, the arrival of high-resolution digital video in the early 1990s, have lowered the technology barrier to movie production significantly. Both production and post-production costs have been significantly lowered; today, Dom Deluise Movie the hardware Dom Deluise Movie and software for post-production can be installed in a commodity-based personal computer. Technologies such as DVDs, FireWire connections and Dom Deluise Movie non-linear editing system pro-level software like Adobe Premiere Pro, Sony Vegas and Apple's Final Cut Pro, and consumer level software such as Apple's Final Cut Express and iMovie make movie-making relatively inexpensive.
Since the introduction of DV technology, the means of production have become more democratized. Dom Deluise Movie Filmmakers can conceivably shoot and edit Dom Deluise Movie a movie, create and edit the sound and music, and Dom Deluise Movie mix the final cut on a home computer. However, while the Dom Deluise Movie means of production may be democratized, financing, distribution, and marketing remain difficult to accomplish outside Dom Deluise Movie the traditional system. Most independent filmmakers rely on film festivals to get their films noticed Dom Deluise Movie and sold for distribution. Dom Deluise Movie The arrival of internet-based video outlets such as YouTube and Veoh has further changed the Dom Deluise Movie film making landscape in ways Dom Deluise Movie that are still to be determined.
Open content film
Main article: Open Dom Deluise Movie content film
An open content film is much like an independent film, but it is produced through open collaborations; its source material is available under a license which is permissive enough to allow other parties to create fan fiction or derivative works, Dom Deluise Movie than a Dom Deluise Movie traditional copyright. Like independent filmmaking, open source filmmaking X Rated Movie Trailers takes place outside of Hollywood, or other major studio systems.
Fan film
Main article: Fan Dom Deluise Movie film
A fan film is a film Dom Deluise Movie or video inspired by a film, television program, comic book or a similar source, created Dom Deluise Movie by fans rather Dom Deluise Movie than by the source's copyright holders or creators. Fan filmmakers have traditionally been amateurs, but some of the more notable films have actually been produced by professional Dom Deluise Movie filmmakers as film school class projects or as demonstration reels. Fan films vary tremendously in length, from short faux-teaser trailers for non-existent motion pictures Dom Deluise Movie to rarer full-length motion pictures
Animation is Dom Deluise Movie the technique in which each frame of a film is produced individually, whether generated as a computer graphic, or Dom Deluise Movie by photographing a drawn image, or by repeatedly making small changes to a model unit (see claymation and stop motion), and then Dom Deluise Movie photographing the result with a special animation camera. When Dom Deluise Movie the frames are strung together and the resulting film is viewed at a speed of 16 or more frames per second, there is an illusion of continuous Dom Deluise Movie movement (due to Dom Deluise Movie the persistence Dom Deluise Movie of vision). Generating such a film is very Dom Deluise Movie labour intensive and tedious, though the development of computer animation has greatly Dom Deluise Movie sped Dom Deluise Movie up the process.
File formats like GIF, QuickTime, Shockwave and Flash allow animation to be viewed on a computer or over the Internet.
Because animation is very Dom Deluise Movie time-consuming and often very expensive to produce, Dom Deluise Movie the majority of animation for TV and movies comes from professional animation studios. However, the field of independent animation has Dom Deluise Movie existed at least since the 1950s, with animation being produced by independent studios (and sometimes Dom Deluise Movie by a single person). Several independent animation producers have gone on to enter the professional animation industry.
Limited animation is a way of increasing production and decreasing costs of animation by using "short cuts" in the Dom Deluise Movie animation process. This method Dom Deluise Movie was pioneered Dom Deluise Movie by UPA and popularized by Hanna-Barbera, and adapted by other studios as cartoons moved from Dom Deluise Movie movie theaters to television.[3]
Although most animation studios are now using digital technologies in their productions, Dom Deluise Movie there is a specific style of animation that depends on film. Cameraless animation, made famous by moviemakers like Norman Dom Deluise Movie McLaren, Len Lye and Stan Brakhage, is Dom Deluise Movie painted and drawn directly onto pieces of film, and then run through a projector.
Venues
When it is initially produced, a feature Dom Deluise Movie film is often shown to audiences in a movie theater or cinema. The first theater designed exclusively for cinema opened in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in 1905.[4] Thousands of Dom Deluise Movie such theaters were built or Dom Deluise Movie converted from Dom Deluise Movie existing facilities within a few years.[5] In the United States, these theaters came to be known as nickelodeons, because admission Dom Deluise Movie typically cost a nickel (five cents).
Typically, one film is the featured presentation (or feature film). Before the 1970s, there were "double features"; typically, a high quality "A picture" rented by Dom Deluise Movie an independent theater for a Dom Deluise Movie lump sum, and a "B picture" of lower quality rented for a percentage of Dom Deluise Movie the gross receipts. Today, Dom Deluise Movie the bulk of the material shown Dom Deluise Movie before the feature film consists of previews for upcoming movies Dom Deluise Movie and paid advertisements (also known as Dom Deluise Movie trailers or "The Twenty").
Historically, Dom Deluise Movie all mass marketed feature films were made to be shown in Dom Deluise Movie movie theaters. The development of Dom Deluise Movie television has allowed films to be broadcast to larger audiences, usually after the film is no longer Dom Deluise Movie being shown in theaters. Recording Dom Deluise Movie technology has Dom Deluise Movie also enabled consumers Dom Deluise Movie to rent or buy copies of films on Dom Deluise Movie VHS or DVD Dom Deluise Movie (and the older formats of laserdisc, VCD and SelectaVision � Dom Deluise Movie see also videodisc), and Internet downloads may be available and have started to become revenue Dom Deluise Movie sources for the Dom Deluise Movie film companies. Some Dom Deluise Movie films are now made specifically for Dom Deluise Movie these other venues, being released as made-for-TV movies or direct-to-video Dom Deluise Movie movies. The Dom Deluise Movie production values on these films are often considered to be of inferior quality compared to theatrical releases in similar genres, and indeed, some films that are Dom Deluise Movie rejected Dom Deluise Movie by Dom Deluise Movie their own studios Dom Deluise Movie upon Dom Deluise Movie completion are distributed through these markets.
The movie theater pays an average of about Dom Deluise Movie 50-55% of its ticket sales to the movie studio, as film rental fees.[6] The actual percentage starts Dom Deluise Movie with a number higher than that, and decreases as the duration of a film's showing continues, as an incentive to theaters to Dom Deluise Movie keep movies in the theater longer. However, today's barrage of highly marketed movies ensures that most movies are shown in first-run theaters for less Dom Deluise Movie than 8 weeks. There are a few movies every year that defy this rule, often limited-release movies that start in only a few theaters and actually grow their theater count through good word-of-mouth and reviews. According to Dom Deluise Movie a 2000 Dom Deluise Movie study by ABN AMRO, about 26% of Hollywood movie studios' worldwide income came Dom Deluise Movie from box office ticket sales; 46% came from VHS and DVD sales to consumers; and 28% came from television (broadcast, cable, and pay-per-view).[6]
Future state
While motion picture films have been around for more than a Dom Deluise Movie century, film is still a relative newcomer in the pantheon of fine arts. In the 1950s, when television became widely available, industry analysts predicted the demise of local movie theaters. Despite competition from television's increasing technological sophistication over the 1960s and 1970s, Dom Deluise Movie such as the development of color Dom Deluise Movie television and large screens, motion picture cinemas continued. In the 1980s, when the widespread availability of inexpensive videocassette recorders enabled people to select films for home viewing, industry analysts again wrongly Dom Deluise Movie predicted the death of the local cinemas.
In the 1990s and 2000s the Dom Deluise Movie development of digital DVD players, home theater amplification systems with surround sound and subwoofers, and large LCD or plasma screens enabled people to select and view films at home with greatly improved audio and visual reproduction. These new technologies provided audio and visual that in the past only local cinemas had been able to provide: a large, clear widescreen presentation of a film Dom Deluise Movie with a full-range, Dom Deluise Movie high-quality multi-speaker sound system. Once again industry analysts predicted the demise Dom Deluise Movie of the local cinema. Local cinemas will be changing in the 2000s and moving Dom Deluise Movie towards digital screens, Dom Deluise Movie a new approach which will allow Dom Deluise Movie for easier and quicker distribution of films (via satellite or hard disks), a development which may give local theaters a reprieve from their predicted demise.
The cinema now faces a new challenge from home video by the likes of Dom Deluise Movie a new DVD format Blu-ray, which can provide full HD 1080p video playback at near cinema quality. Video formats are gradually catching up with the resolutions and quality that film offers, 1080p in Blu-ray offers a pixel resolution of 1920?1080 a leap from the DVD offering of 720?480 and the paltry 330?480 offered by the first home video standard VHS. The Dom Deluise Movie maximum resolutions Dom Deluise Movie that film currently offers are Dom Deluise Movie 2485?2970 or 1420?3390, UHD, a future digital video format, will offer a massive resolution of 7680?4320, surpassing all current film resolutions. The only viable competitor to these new innovations is IMAX which can play Dom Deluise Movie film content at an extreme 10000?7000 resolution.
Despite the rise of all Dom Deluise Movie new technologies, the Dom Deluise Movie development of the home video market Dom Deluise Movie and a surge of online piracy, 2007 was a record Dom Deluise Movie year in film that showed the highest ever box-office grosses. Many expected film to suffer as Dom Deluise Movie a result of the effects listed above but it has flourished, strengthening film studio expectations for the future. |
