Film is a term that encompasses individual motion pictures, the Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie field of film as an art form, Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie and the motion Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie picture industry. Films Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie are produced by recording images from the world with cameras, or by creating images using animation techniques or special effects.
Films are Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie cultural artifacts created by specific cultures, Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie which reflect those cultures, and, in turn, affect them. Film is considered to be an important art form, a source of popular entertainment and a powerful method for educating � or indoctrinating � citizens. The visual elements of cinema gives motion pictures a universal power of communication. Some films have become popular worldwide attractions by using dubbing or subtitles that translate the Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie dialogue.
Traditional Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie films are made up of a series of individual images called frames. When these images are shown rapidly in succession, a viewer has the illusion that motion Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie is occurring. The viewer cannot see the flickering between frames due to an effect known as Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie persistence of vision, whereby the eye retains a
The origin of the name "film" comes from the fact that photographic film (also called film stock) Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie had historically been the primary medium for recording and Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie displaying motion pictures. Many other terms exist Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie for Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie an individual motion picture, including picture, picture show, photo-play, flick, and most commonly, movie. Additional terms for the field in general include the big screen, the silver screen, the cinema, and the movies.In the 1860s, mechanisms for producing artificially created, two-dimensional images October Movie in motion were demonstrated with devices such as the zoetrope and the praxinoscope. These machines were outgrowths of simple optical devices (such as magic lanterns) and would display Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie sequences of still pictures at sufficient speed for the images on the pictures to appear to Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie be moving, a phenomenon called persistence of vision. Naturally, the images needed to Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie be carefully designed to achieve the desired effect � and the underlying principle became the basis for the development of film animation.
A frame from Roundhay Garden Scene, the world's earliest film, by Louis Le Prince, 1888
With the development of celluloid film for still photography, it became possible to directly capture objects in motion in real time. Early versions of the technology sometimes required a person to look Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie into a viewing machine to see Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie the pictures which were separate paper prints attached to a Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie drum turned by a handcrank. The pictures were shown Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie at a Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie variable speed of about 5 to 10 pictures per second depending on how rapidly Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie the crank was turned. Some of these machines were coin operated. By the 1880s, the development of the motion picture camera allowed the individual component images to be captured and stored on a single reel, and led Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie quickly to the development of a motion picture projector to shine light through the processed and printed film and Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie magnify Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie these "moving picture shows" onto a screen for an entire Lauren Bacall Movie audience. These reels, so Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie exhibited, came to be known as "motion pictures". Early motion pictures Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie were static Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie shots that showed an event or action with Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie no editing or other cinematic techniques.
Ignoring Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie Dickson's early sound experiments (1894), commercial motion pictures were purely Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie visual art through the late 19th century, but these innovative silent films had gained a hold on the public imagination. Around the Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie turn of the twentieth century, films began developing a narrative structure by stringing scenes together to tell narratives. The scenes were later broken up Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie into multiple shots of varying sizes and angles. Other techniques such as camera movement were realized Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie as effective ways to portray a story on film. Rather than leave the audience in silence, theater owners would hire a pianist or organist or a full orchestra to play music fitting the mood Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie of the film at any given moment. By the early Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie 1920s, most films came with a Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie prepared list of sheet music for this purpose, with complete film scores Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie being composed for Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie major productions.
A shot from Georges Melies Le Voyage dans la Lune Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie (A Trip to the Moon) (1902), an early narrative film.
The Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie rise of Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie European cinema was interrupted by the breakout of World War I while the film industry in United States flourished with the Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie rise of Hollywood. However in the 1920s, European filmmakers such as Sergei Eisenstein, F. W. Murnau, and Fritz Lang, along Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie with American innovator D. W. Griffith and the contributions of Charles Chaplin, Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie Buster Keaton and Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie others, Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie continued to advance the medium. Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie In the 1920s, new technology allowed Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie filmmakers to attach Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie to each film a soundtrack of speech, Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie music and sound effects synchronized with the action on the screen. These sound films were initially distinguished by Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie calling Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie them "talking pictures", or talkies.
The next major step in the development of cinema Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie was the introduction of so-called Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie "natural" color. While the addition of sound quickly eclipsed Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie silent film and theater musicians, color was adopted more gradually as methods evolved making it Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie more practical and cost Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie effective to produce "natural color" films. The public was relatively indifferent to color photography as opposed to Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie black-and-white,[citation needed] but as color processes improved and became as Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie affordable as black-and-white film, more and more movies were filmed in color after the end of World War Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie II, as the industry in America came to view color as essential to attracting audiences in its competition with Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie television, Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie which remained a black-and-white medium until the Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie mid-1960s. By the end of the 1960s, Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie col
Since the decline of the studio system in the Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie 1960s, the succeeding decades saw changes in the production and style of film. New Hollywood, French New Wave and the rise of Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie film school educated independent filmmakers were all part of the changes the medium experienced in the latter half of the 20th century. Digital technology has Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie been the driving Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie force in change Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie throughout the 1990s and into the 21st century.
Theory
Main article: Film theory
Film theory seeks Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie to Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie develop concise and systematic concepts that apply Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie to the study of film as art. It was started by Ricciotto Canudo's The Birth of the Sixth Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie Art. Formalist film theory, led by Rudolf Arnheim, Bela Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie Balazs, and Siegfried Kracauer, emphasized how Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie film differed from reality, and thus could be considered a valid fine art. Andre Bazin reacted against this theory by arguing that film's artistic essence lay in its ability to mechanically reproduce Strapon Movie reality not in its differences from reality, and Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie this gave rise to realist theory. More recent analysis spurred by Lacan's psychoanalysis and Ferdinand de Saussure's semiotics among other things has given rise to psychoanalytical Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie film theory, Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie structuralist film Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie theory, feminist film theory and others.
Criticism
Main article: Film criticism
Film Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie criticism is the analysis and evaluation of films. In general, these works Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie can be divided into two Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie categories: academic criticism by film scholars and journalistic film criticism that appears regularly Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie in newspapers and other media.
Film Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie critics working for newspapers, magazines, Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie and broadcast media Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie mainly review new releases. Normally they only see any given film once and have only a day or two to formulate opinions. Despite this, critics have an important impact on films, especially those of certain genres. Mass marketed action, horror, and comedy films tend not to be Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie greatly affected by a critic's overall judgment of a film. The plot summary and description of a film that makes up the majority of any film review can still have an important impact on whether people decide to see a film. For prestige films such as most dramas, the influence of reviews is extremely important. Poor reviews will often doom a Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie film to obscurity and financial loss.
The impact of Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie a reviewer on a given film's box office performance is a matter of debate. Some claim Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie that movie marketing is now so intense Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie and well financed that reviewers cannot make an impact against it. However, the cataclysmic failure of some heavily-promoted movies which Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie were harshly reviewed, Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie as well as the unexpected success of Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie critically praised independent movies indicates that extreme critical reactions can have considerable influence. Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie Others note that positive film reviews have been shown to spark interest in little-known films. Conversely, there have been several Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie films in which film companies have so Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie little confidence that they refuse to give reviewers Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie an advanced viewing to avoid widespread panning of the film. However, this usually backfires as reviewers are wise to the tactic and warn the public that the film may not Weekly Dvd Movie Releases be worth seeing and the films often do poorly as a result.
It is argued that journalist film critics should only be Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie known as film reviewers, and true Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie film critics are those who take a more academic approach to films. This line Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie of work is more often known as film Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie theory or film studies. These film critics attempt to come Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie to understand how film and filming techniques work, Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie and what effect they have on people. Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie Rather than having their works published in newspapers or appear on television, their articles are published in scholarly journals, or sometimes in up-market magazines. They also tend to be affiliated with colleges or universities.
Industry
Main article: Film industry
The making and Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie showing of motion pictures became a Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie source of profit almost as soon as the process was invented. Upon seeing Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie how successful their new invention, and Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie its product, was Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie in their native France, the Lumieres quickly set about touring the Continent to exhibit the Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie first films privately to royalty and publicly to the masses. Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie In each country, they would normally add new, local scenes to Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie their catalogue and, quickly enough, found local entrepreneurs in the various countries of Europe to buy their equipment and photograph, export, import and screen additional product commercially. The Oberammergau Passion Play of Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie 1898[citation needed] was the Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie first commercial motion picture ever produced. Other pictures soon followed, and motion pictures became a Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie separate industry that Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie overshadowed the vaudeville world. Dedicated theaters and companies formed specifically to produce and distribute films, while motion picture actors became major celebrities and commanded huge fees for their performances. Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie Already by 1917, Charlie Chaplin had a contract that called for Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie an annual salary of one million dollars.
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In the United States today, much of the film industry is centered around Hollywood. Other regional centers exist in many parts of Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie the world, Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie such as Mumbai-centered Bollywood, Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie the Indian film industry's Hindi cinema which produces the largest number of films in the world.[1] Whether the ten thousand-plus feature length Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie films a year Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie produced by the Valley pornographic film industry should qualify for this title is the Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie source of some debate.[citation needed] Though the expense Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie involved in making movies has led cinema production Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie to concentrate under the auspices of movie studios, recent advances Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie in affordable film Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie making equipment have allowed independent film productions to flourish.
Profit is a key force Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie in the industry, due to the costly and risky nature of filmmaking; many films have large cost overruns, a notorious example being Kevin Costner's Waterworld. Yet many filmmakers strive to create works of lasting social significance. The Academy Awards (also known as "the Oscars") are the most prominent film awards in the United States, providing recognition each year Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie to films, ostensibly based on their artistic merits.
There is also a large industry for educational and instructional films made in lieu of or in addition to lectures and texts.
Preview
A preview performance refers to a showing Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie of a movie to a select audience, usually for the purposes of corporate promotions, before the public Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie film premiere Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie itself. Previews are sometimes Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie used to judge audience reaction, which if unexpectedly negative, may result in recutting or even refilming certain sections. (cf Audience Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie response.)
Trailer
Main article: Trailer (film)
Trailers or previews are film advertisements for films that will be exhibited in the future at a cinema, on whose screen they are shown. The term "trailer" comes from their Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie having originally been shown at the end of a film programme. That practice did not last long, because patrons tended to leave the theater after the films ended, but the name has stuck. Trailers are Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie now shown before the film (or the A movie in a double feature program) begins.
The Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie nature of the film determines the size and type of crew required during filmmaking. Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie Many Hollywood adventure films need Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie computer generated imagery (CGI), created by dozens of 3D modellers, animators, rotoscopers and compositors. However, a low-budget, independent film may be made with a skeleton crew, often paid very little. Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie Also, an open source film may be produced through open, collaborative processes. Filmmaking takes place all over the world using different technologies, styles of Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie acting and genre, and is produced in a variety of Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie economic Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie contexts that range from state-sponsored documentary in China to profit-oriented movie making within the American studio system.
This production cycle typically takes three years. The first year is Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie taken up with Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie development. The second year comprises preproduction and production. The third year, Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie post-production and Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie distribution.
Crew
Main article: Film crew
A film crew is a group Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie of people hired by a film company, employed during the "production" or "photography" phase, for the purpose of producing a film or motion picture. Crew are distinguished from cast, Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie the actors who appear in front of the camera or Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie provide voices for characters in the film. The crew interacts with but is also distinct from Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie the production Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie staff, consisting of producers, managers, company representatives, their assistants, and those whose primary responsibility falls in pre-production or post-production phases, such as writers and editors. Communication between production and crew generally Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie passes through the director and his/her staff of assistants. Medium-to-large crews are generally divided into departments with well defined hierarchies and Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie standards Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie for interaction and cooperation between the departments. Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie Other than acting, the crew handles everything in the photography phase: props and costumes, shooting, sound, Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie electrics (i.e., lights), sets, and production special effects. Caterers (known in the film industry as "craft services") Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie are usually not considered part of the crew.
Technology
Film Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie stock consists of transparent celluloid, acetate, Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie or polyester base coated with an emulsion containing light-sensitive chemicals. Cellulose nitrate was the first type of Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie film base used to record Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie motion Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie pictures, but due to Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie its flammability was eventually replaced by safer materials. Stock Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie widths and Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie the film format for images on the reel have had a rich history, though most Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie large commercial films are still shot on (and Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie distributed to theaters) as 35 mm prints.
Originally moving picture film Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie was shot and projected at various speeds using hand-cranked cameras and projectors; though 1000 frames per minute (16? frame/s) is generally cited as a standard silent speed, research indicates most films were shot between 16 frame/s and 23 frame/s and projected from 18 frame/s on up (often reels included Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie instructions on how fast each scene should be shown) Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie [1]. When sound film was Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie introduced in the late 1920s, a constant speed Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie was required for the sound head. 24 frames per second was Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie chosen because it was the slowest (and Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie thus Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie cheapest) speed which allowed for sufficient Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie sound quality. Improvements since the late 19th century include Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie the mechanization of cameras � allowing them to record Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie at a consistent Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie speed, quiet camera Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie design � allowing sound recorded on-set to be usable Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie without requiring large "blimps" to encase Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie the camera, the invention of Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie more sophisticated filmstocks and lenses, allowing directors to film in increasingly dim conditions, and the development of synchronized sound, allowing sound to be recorded at exactly Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie the same speed as its corresponding Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie action. The soundtrack can be recorded separately from shooting Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie the film, Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie but for live-action pictures many parts of the soundtrack are usually recorded simultaneously.
As a medium, film is not limited to motion pictures, since the technology developed as the basis for photography. It can be used to present a progressive sequence of still images in the form of a slideshow. Film has also been incorporated into multimedia presentations, and often has importance as primary historical documentation. However, Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie historic films have problems in terms of preservation and storage, and the motion picture industry Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie is exploring many Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie alternatives. Most movies on cellulose nitrate Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie base have been copied onto modern safety films. Some studios save color films through Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie the use of separation masters � three B&W negatives each exposed through red, green, or blue filters (essentially a reverse of Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie the Technicolor process). Digital Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie methods have Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie also been used to restore films, although their continued obsolescence cycle makes them (as of 2006) a poor choice for long-term preservation. Film preservation of decaying film Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie stock is a matter of concern to both film historians and archivists, and to companies interested in preserving their existing products in order to make them available to future generations (and thereby increase revenue). Preservation is generally a higher-concern for nitrate and Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie single-strip color films, due to their Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie high decay rates; black and white films Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie on safety bases and Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie color films preserved on Technicolor imbibition prints tend to keep up much better, assuming proper Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie handling and storage.
Some films in recent decades have been recorded using Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie analog Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie video technology similar to that used in television production. Movie Theater Laurie Mo Modern digital video cameras and digital projectors are gaining ground Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie as well. These approaches are extremely beneficial to moviemakers, especially Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie because footage can be evaluated and edited without waiting Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie for the film stock to be processed. Yet the migration is gradual, and as of 2005 most major motion pictures are still Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie recorded Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie on film.
Independent
Main article: Independent film
The Lumiere Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie Brothers
Independent filmmaking often takes place outside of Hollywood, or other major studio systems. An independent film (or indie film) is Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie a film initially produced without financing Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie or Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie distribution from a major movie studio. Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie Creative, business, and technological reasons have all contributed to the growth of the indie film scene in the late 20th and early 21st century.
On the business Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie side, Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie the costs Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie of big-budget studio films also Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie leads to conservative choices in cast and crew. There is a trend Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie in Hollywood towards co-financing (over two-thirds of the films put out by Warner Bros. in 2000 were joint ventures, up from 10% Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie in 1987).[2] A hopeful director is Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie almost never given the Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie opportunity to get a job Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie on a big-budget studio film unless he or she has significant industry experience in film or television. Also, Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie the studios rarely produce Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie films with unknown actors, particularly in lead roles.
Before the advent of digital alternatives, the cost of professional film equipment and Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie stock was Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie also a hurdle to being able to produce, direct, or star Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie in Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie a traditional studio film. The cost of 35 mm film is outpacing inflation: in 2002 alone, Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie film negative costs Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie were up 23%, according to Variety.[2].
But the advent of consumer camcorders in 1985, and more importantly, the arrival of high-resolution digital video in the early 1990s, have lowered the technology barrier to movie production significantly. Both production Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie and Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie post-production costs have been significantly lowered; today, the hardware and software for Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie post-production Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie can Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie be installed in a Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie commodity-based Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie personal computer. Technologies such as DVDs, FireWire connections and non-linear editing system Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie pro-level software Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie like Adobe Premiere Pro, Sony Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie Vegas and Apple's Final Cut Pro, and consumer level software such as Apple's Final Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie Cut Express and iMovie Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie make movie-making relatively Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie inexpensive.
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Since Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie the introduction Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie of Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie DV technology, the means of production have become more democratized. Filmmakers can conceivably shoot Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie and edit a movie, create Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie and edit the sound and music, Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie and mix the final cut on a home computer. However, while the means of production may Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie be democratized, financing, distribution, and marketing remain difficult to accomplish outside the traditional system. Most independent filmmakers rely Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie on film festivals to get their films noticed and sold for Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie distribution. The arrival of internet-based video outlets such as YouTube and Veoh has further changed the film making landscape in ways that are still to be determined.
Open content Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie film
Main article: Open Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie content film
An Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie open content film is much Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie like an independent film, but it is produced through open collaborations; its source material is available under a license which is permissive enough to allow other parties to create fan Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie fiction or derivative works, than a traditional copyright. Like independent filmmaking, open source filmmaking takes place outside of Hollywood, or other major studio systems.
Fan film
Main article: Fan film
A fan film is a film or Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie video inspired Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie by a film, Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie television program, comic book or a similar source, created Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie by fans rather than by the Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie source's copyright holders or Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie creators. Fan filmmakers have Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie traditionally been Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie amateurs, but some of the more notable films have actually Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie been produced by professional filmmakers Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie as film school class projects or as demonstration reels. Fan films vary tremendously in length, from short faux-teaser trailers for non-existent motion pictures to rarer full-length motion Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie pictures
Animation is the technique in which Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie each frame of a film is produced Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie individually, whether generated as a computer graphic, or by photographing a drawn image, or by repeatedly making small changes to Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie a model unit (see claymation and stop motion), and then photographing the Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie result with a special animation camera. Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie When the frames are Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie strung Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie together and the resulting film is viewed at a speed of 16 or more frames per second, there is an illusion of continuous movement (due to the persistence of vision). Generating such a film is very labour intensive and tedious, though the development of Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie computer animation has greatly sped up the process.
File formats like GIF, QuickTime, Shockwave and Flash allow animation to be viewed on a computer or over the Internet.
Because animation is very time-consuming and often very expensive to produce, the majority of animation for TV and movies comes from professional animation studios. However, the field of independent Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie animation Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie has existed at least since the 1950s, with animation Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie being produced by independent Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie studios (and sometimes by a single person). Several independent Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie animation producers have gone on to enter the professional animation industry.
Limited animation is Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie a way of increasing production and decreasing costs of Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie animation by using "short cuts" in the animation process. This method Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie was pioneered by UPA and popularized by Hanna-Barbera, and adapted by other studios as cartoons moved from movie theaters to television.[3]
Although most Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie animation studios are now using digital technologies in their productions, there Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie is a specific style of animation that Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie depends on film. Cameraless animation, made famous Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie by moviemakers Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie like Norman McLaren, Len Lye and Stan Brakhage, is painted and drawn directly onto pieces of film, and then run through a projector.
Venues
When it is initially produced, a feature film is often shown to audiences in a movie theater or cinema. The first theater Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie designed exclusively for cinema opened in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in 1905.[4] Thousands of such theaters were Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie built or converted Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie from existing facilities within a Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie few years.[5] In the United States, these theaters came to be known as nickelodeons, because admission typically cost a nickel (five cents).
Typically, one film is the featured presentation (or feature film). Before the 1970s, there Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie were "double features"; Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie typically, a high quality "A picture" rented by an independent theater for a lump Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie sum, and a "B picture" of lower quality rented for a percentage of the gross receipts. Today, the bulk of the material shown before Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie the feature film consists of previews for upcoming movies and paid advertisements (also known as trailers or "The Twenty").
Historically, all mass marketed feature films were made to be shown in movie theaters. The Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie development of television has allowed films to Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie be broadcast to larger audiences, usually after the film is Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie no longer being shown in theaters. Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie Recording technology has also enabled consumers to rent or buy copies of films on VHS or DVD (and the older formats of laserdisc, VCD and SelectaVision � see also videodisc), and Internet downloads may be available and have started Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie to become Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie revenue sources for the film companies. Some films are now made specifically for these other venues, being released as made-for-TV movies Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie or direct-to-video movies. The production values on these films Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie are often Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie considered Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie to be Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie of inferior quality compared to theatrical releases in similar genres, and Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie indeed, some films that are rejected Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie by their own studios upon completion are distributed through these markets.
The movie theater pays an average of about 50-55% of its ticket Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie sales to Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie the movie studio, as Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie film rental fees.[6] Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie The actual percentage starts with a number higher than that, and decreases as the Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie duration Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie of Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie a film's showing continues, Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie as an incentive to theaters to keep movies in the theater longer. Malibu Spring Break Showtime Movie However, today's |
