Film Elf Movie Clip is a term that encompasses individual motion pictures, the field of film as an art form, and the motion picture industry. Films are produced by Elf Movie Clip recording images from the world Elf Movie Clip with cameras, or by creating images using animation techniques Elf Movie Clip or special effects.
Films are cultural artifacts created by specific cultures, which reflect those cultures, and, in turn, affect them. Elf Movie Clip Film is considered Elf Movie Clip to be Elf Movie Clip an important art form, Elf Movie Clip a source of Elf Movie Clip popular entertainment and a powerful method for educating � or indoctrinating � citizens. Elf Movie Clip The visual elements of cinema gives motion pictures a universal power of communication. Some films have become Elf Movie Clip popular worldwide attractions Elf Movie Clip by using dubbing or subtitles that translate Elf Movie Clip the dialogue.
Traditional films are made up Elf Movie Clip of a series of individual images called frames. When these images are shown rapidly in succession, a Elf Movie Clip viewer has the illusion Elf Movie Clip that motion is occurring. The viewer cannot see the flickering between frames due to an effect Elf Movie Clip known as persistence of vision, whereby the eye retains a
The Elf Movie Clip origin of the name "film" comes from the fact that photographic film (also called Elf Movie Clip film stock) had historically been the primary medium Elf Movie Clip for recording and displaying motion pictures. Many other terms exist for an individual motion picture, including picture, picture show, photo-play, flick, and most commonly, movie. Additional terms for the field in general include the big screen, the Elf Movie Clip silver screen, the cinema, and the movies.In the 1860s, mechanisms for producing artificially Elf Movie Clip created, Elf Movie Clip two-dimensional images in motion were demonstrated with devices Elf Movie Clip such as the zoetrope Elf Movie Clip and the praxinoscope. These machines were outgrowths of Elf Movie Clip simple optical devices (such as magic lanterns) and would display sequences of still pictures at sufficient speed for the images on the pictures Elf Movie Clip to appear to be moving, a phenomenon called persistence of vision. Naturally, the images needed to be carefully designed to achieve the desired effect � and the underlying principle became the basis for the development of film animation.
A frame from Roundhay Garden Scene, the world's earliest film, by Louis Le Prince, 1888
With the development of celluloid film for still photography, it became possible to directly capture objects Elf Movie Clip in motion in real time. Early versions of the technology sometimes required a person to look into a viewing Elf Movie Clip machine to Elf Movie Clip see the pictures which were separate paper prints attached to a drum turned by a handcrank. The pictures were shown Elf Movie Clip at a variable speed of about 5 to 10 pictures per second depending on Elf Movie Clip how rapidly the crank was turned. Some of these machines were coin operated. By the 1880s, Elf Movie Clip the development of the motion picture camera allowed the Elf Movie Clip individual component images to be captured and stored on a single reel, and led Elf Movie Clip quickly to the development of a motion picture projector to shine light through Elf Movie Clip the processed and printed film and magnify these "moving picture shows" onto a screen for an entire audience. These reels, so exhibited, came to be known Elf Movie Clip as Elf Movie Clip "motion Elf Movie Clip pictures". Early motion pictures were static shots that showed an event or action with no editing or other cinematic techniques.
Ignoring Dickson's early Elf Movie Clip sound experiments Elf Movie Clip (1894), commercial motion pictures were purely visual art through the late 19th century, but these innovative Elf Movie Clip silent films had gained a hold on the public imagination. Around the turn of the twentieth century, films began Elf Movie Clip developing a Elf Movie Clip narrative structure by stringing scenes together to Elf Movie Clip tell narratives. Elf Movie Clip The scenes Elf Movie Clip were later broken up Elf Movie Clip into Elf Movie Clip multiple shots of varying sizes and angles. Other techniques such as Elf Movie Clip camera movement were realized as effective Movie Creator ways to portray a story on film. Rather than leave the Elf Movie Clip audience in silence, theater owners would hire a pianist or organist or a full orchestra to play music fitting the mood of the film at any given moment. By the early 1920s, Elf Movie Clip most films Elf Movie Clip came with a prepared list of sheet music for this purpose, with complete film scores being composed for major productions.
A shot from Georges Melies Le Voyage dans la Lune (A Trip to the Elf Movie Clip Moon) Elf Movie Clip (1902), an early narrative film.
The rise of European cinema was interrupted by the breakout of Elf Movie Clip World War I while the film industry in United States flourished with the rise of Hollywood. However in the 1920s, European filmmakers such as Sergei Eisenstein, F. W. Murnau, and Fritz Lang, along with American innovator D. W. Griffith and the Elf Movie Clip contributions of Charles Chaplin, Buster Keaton and Elf Movie Clip others, continued to advance the medium. In Elf Movie Clip the 1920s, Elf Movie Clip new technology allowed filmmakers to attach to Elf Movie Clip each film a soundtrack of speech, music and sound effects synchronized with the action on the screen. Elf Movie Clip These sound films were initially distinguished by calling them "talking Elf Movie Clip pictures", or talkies.
The next major Elf Movie Clip step in the development of cinema was the introduction of so-called "natural" color. While the addition of sound quickly eclipsed silent film Elf Movie Clip and theater musicians, color was adopted more gradually as methods evolved making it more practical and cost effective to produce Elf Movie Clip "natural color" films. Elf Movie Clip The public was relatively indifferent to color photography as opposed to black-and-white,[citation needed] but as color processes improved and Elf Movie Clip became as affordable as black-and-white film, more and more movies were filmed in color after the end of World War II, as the industry in America came to view color as Elf Movie Clip essential to Elf Movie Clip attracting Elf Movie Clip audiences in its competition Elf Movie Clip with television, which remained a black-and-white medium until the mid-1960s. By the Elf Movie Clip end of the 1960s, col
Since the decline of the studio system in the 1960s, the succeeding decades saw changes in the production and style of film. Elf Movie Clip New Hollywood, French New Wave and the rise of film school educated independent filmmakers were all part of the changes the medium experienced in the latter half of the 20th century. Digital technology has Elf Movie Clip been the driving force in change Elf Movie Clip throughout the 1990s Elf Movie Clip and into the 21st century.
Theory
Main Elf Movie Clip article: Film theory
Film theory seeks to develop concise Elf Movie Clip and systematic concepts that apply to the study of film as art. It Elf Movie Clip was started by Ricciotto Canudo's The Birth of the Elf Movie Clip Sixth Art. Formalist film theory, led Elf Movie Clip by Rudolf Arnheim, Elf Movie Clip Bela Balazs, and Siegfried Kracauer, emphasized how film differed from reality, and Elf Movie Clip thus could be considered Elf Movie Clip a valid Elf Movie Clip fine art. Andre Bazin reacted Elf Movie Clip against this theory by arguing that film's artistic essence lay in its ability to mechanically reproduce reality Elf Movie Clip not in its Elf Movie Clip differences from reality, and this gave rise to realist theory. More recent analysis spurred by Lacan's psychoanalysis and Ferdinand de Saussure's semiotics among other things has given rise to psychoanalytical film theory, structuralist film theory, feminist film theory Elf Movie Clip and others.
Criticism
Main Elf Movie Clip article: Film criticism
Film criticism is the analysis and evaluation of films. In general, these works can Elf Movie Clip be divided into two Elf Movie Clip categories: academic criticism by film scholars and journalistic film criticism that appears regularly in newspapers and other media.
Film critics working for newspapers, magazines, and broadcast media mainly review new releases. Normally they only see any given film once and Elf Movie Clip have only a day or two to formulate opinions. Despite this, critics have an important impact on films, especially those of certain genres. Elf Movie Clip Mass marketed action, horror, and comedy Elf Movie Clip films tend not to be greatly affected by a critic's overall Elf Movie Clip judgment Elf Movie Clip of a film. The plot summary and Elf Movie Clip description of a film that makes up the majority of any film review can still have an important impact Elf Movie Clip on whether people decide to see a film. Elf Movie Clip For prestige films such as most dramas, the influence of reviews is extremely important. Poor reviews will often doom a film to obscurity and financial loss.
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The impact of a reviewer Elf Movie Clip on a given film's Elf Movie Clip box office performance Elf Movie Clip is a matter of debate. Some claim that movie marketing is now so intense and well financed that reviewers cannot make Elf Movie Clip an impact against Elf Movie Clip it. Elf Movie Clip However, the cataclysmic Elf Movie Clip failure of some heavily-promoted movies which were harshly reviewed, as well as the unexpected success of Elf Movie Clip critically praised independent movies indicates that Elf Movie Clip extreme critical reactions can have considerable influence. Others Elf Movie Clip note that positive film reviews have been shown to spark interest in little-known films. Conversely, there have been several films in which film companies have Elf Movie Clip so little confidence that Elf Movie Clip they refuse to Elf Movie Clip give reviewers Elf Movie Clip an advanced viewing to avoid widespread Elf Movie Clip panning of Elf Movie Clip the film. However, this usually backfires as reviewers are wise to the tactic and warn the public that the Elf Movie Clip film may not be worth seeing and the films Elf Movie Clip often do poorly as a result.
It is argued that journalist film critics Elf Movie Clip should only be known as film reviewers, and true film critics Elf Movie Clip are those who take a more academic approach Elf Movie Clip to films. This line of work is more often known as film theory or film studies. These film critics attempt to come to understand how film and filming techniques work, and what Elf Movie Clip effect they have on people. Rather Elf Movie Clip than having their works published in newspapers or Elf Movie Clip appear on television, their articles are published in scholarly journals, or sometimes in up-market magazines. They also tend to be affiliated with colleges or universities.
Industry
Main article: Film industry
The making and showing of motion pictures became Elf Movie Clip a Elf Movie Clip source of profit almost as soon as Elf Movie Clip the process was invented. Upon seeing how successful their new invention, and its product, was in their Elf Movie Clip native France, the Lumieres quickly Elf Movie Clip set about touring the Continent to exhibit the first films privately to royalty and publicly to the masses. In each country, they would normally add new, local scenes to their Elf Movie Clip catalogue and, Elf Movie Clip quickly enough, found local entrepreneurs in the various countries of Elf Movie Clip Europe to buy their equipment and photograph, export, import and screen additional product commercially. The Elf Movie Clip Oberammergau Passion Play of 1898[citation needed] was the first commercial motion picture Elf Movie Clip ever produced. Other pictures soon followed, and motion pictures became a separate industry Elf Movie Clip that overshadowed Elf Movie Clip the vaudeville world. Dedicated theaters and companies Elf Movie Clip formed specifically to produce and Elf Movie Clip distribute films, while motion picture actors became Elf Movie Clip major celebrities and commanded huge fees for their performances. Already by 1917, Charlie Elf Movie Clip Chaplin had a contract that called Elf Movie Clip for an annual salary of one million dollars.
In the United States today, Elf Movie Clip much Elf Movie Clip of the film industry is Elf Movie Clip centered Elf Movie Clip around Hollywood. Other regional centers exist in many Elf Movie Clip parts of the world, such as Mumbai-centered Bollywood, the Indian film industry's Hindi cinema Elf Movie Clip which produces the largest number of films in the world.[1] Whether the ten thousand-plus feature length films a year produced by Elf Movie Clip the Valley pornographic film industry should qualify for this title is the source of some debate.[citation needed] Though the expense involved in making movies has led cinema production to concentrate Elf Movie Clip under the auspices of movie studios, recent advances in affordable Elf Movie Clip film making equipment have allowed independent film productions to flourish.
Profit is a key force in the industry, due to the costly and risky nature Elf Movie Clip of filmmaking; many films Elf Movie Clip have large cost overruns, a notorious example being Kevin Costner's Waterworld. Yet many filmmakers strive to create works of lasting Elf Movie Clip social significance. The Academy Awards (also known as "the Oscars") are the most prominent Elf Movie Clip film awards in the Elf Movie Clip United States, providing recognition Elf Movie Clip each year to films, ostensibly based on their artistic merits.
There is also a large industry for educational and instructional films made in lieu of or in addition to lectures and texts.
Preview
A preview performance refers Elf Movie Clip to a showing of a movie to a select audience, usually for the purposes Elf Movie Clip of corporate promotions, before the public film premiere itself. Elf Movie Clip Previews are sometimes used Elf Movie Clip to judge audience reaction, Elf Movie Clip which if unexpectedly negative, Elf Movie Clip may result in recutting or Elf Movie Clip even refilming certain sections. (cf Audience response.)
Trailer
Main article: Trailer (film)
Trailers or Elf Movie Clip previews are Elf Movie Clip film advertisements for films that will be exhibited in the future at a cinema, on whose screen they are shown. The term "trailer" comes from their having originally been shown at the end of a film programme. That Elf Movie Clip practice did not last long, because patrons tended Elf Movie Clip to Elf Movie Clip leave the theater after the films ended, but the name has stuck. Trailers are now shown before the Elf Movie Clip film (or Elf Movie Clip the A movie in a double Elf Movie Clip feature program) begins.
The nature of the film determines the size and type Elf Movie Clip of crew required during filmmaking. Many Hollywood adventure films need computer generated imagery (CGI), Elf Movie Clip created by dozens of 3D modellers, animators, rotoscopers and compositors. However, a low-budget, independent film may be made with a skeleton crew, often paid very little. Also, an open source Elf Movie Clip film may be produced through open, collaborative processes. Filmmaking takes place all over the world using different technologies, styles of acting Elf Movie Clip and genre, and is produced Elf Movie Clip in a variety of economic contexts that range from state-sponsored documentary in China to profit-oriented movie making within the American studio system.
This production cycle typically takes Elf Movie Clip three years. Elf Movie Clip The first year Elf Movie Clip is taken up Elf Movie Clip with development. The Elf Movie Clip second year comprises preproduction and production. The third year, post-production and distribution.
Crew
Main article: Film crew
A film crew is a group of people hired by a film company, employed during the "production" or "photography" phase, for the purpose of producing a film or motion picture. Crew Elf Movie Clip are distinguished from cast, the Elf Movie Clip actors who Elf Movie Clip appear in front of the camera or provide voices for characters in the film. The crew Elf Movie Clip interacts with but is also distinct from the production staff, consisting of producers, managers, company Elf Movie Clip representatives, their assistants, and those whose primary responsibility falls in pre-production or post-production Elf Movie Clip phases, such as writers and editors. Communication between production and crew Elf Movie Clip generally passes through the director and his/her staff of Elf Movie Clip assistants. Medium-to-large crews are generally divided into departments with well defined hierarchies and standards for interaction and cooperation between the departments. Other than acting, the crew handles everything in Elf Movie Clip the photography Elf Movie Clip phase: props and costumes, shooting, sound, electrics (i.e., Elf Movie Clip lights), sets, and production special effects. Caterers (known in the film industry as "craft services") are usually not considered part of the crew.
Technology
Film stock Elf Movie Clip consists of transparent celluloid, acetate, or polyester base coated with an emulsion containing light-sensitive chemicals. Cellulose nitrate was the first Elf Movie Clip type of Elf Movie Clip film base used to record motion pictures, but due to its flammability was eventually replaced by safer materials. Stock widths and the film Elf Movie Clip format Elf Movie Clip for images on the reel have had a rich history, though most large commercial films are still shot on (and distributed to Elf Movie Clip theaters) as 35 Elf Movie Clip mm prints.
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Originally Elf Movie Clip moving picture film Elf Movie Clip was shot and projected at various speeds using hand-cranked cameras and Elf Movie Clip projectors; though 1000 frames Elf Movie Clip per minute Elf Movie Clip (16? frame/s) is generally cited as a standard silent speed, research indicates most films were shot between 16 Elf Movie Clip frame/s and 23 frame/s and projected from 18 frame/s Elf Movie Clip on up (often reels included instructions on how fast each scene should be shown) [1]. When sound film was introduced in the late 1920s, a constant speed was Elf Movie Clip required for the Elf Movie Clip sound head. 24 frames per second was chosen because it was the slowest (and thus cheapest) speed which allowed for sufficient sound quality. Improvements since the late 19th century include the mechanization of cameras � allowing them to record at a consistent speed, quiet camera design � allowing sound recorded on-set to be usable without requiring large "blimps" to Elf Movie Clip encase the camera, the invention of more sophisticated filmstocks and lenses, allowing directors to film in increasingly dim conditions, and the development of synchronized sound, allowing sound to be Elf Movie Clip recorded at exactly the same speed as its corresponding action. The soundtrack can be recorded separately from shooting the film, but for live-action pictures many 80s Tv Movie About Time Travel parts of the soundtrack are usually recorded simultaneously.
As a Elf Movie Clip medium, film is not limited to motion pictures, since the technology developed as Elf Movie Clip the basis for photography. It can be used to present a progressive sequence of still images in the form of a slideshow. Film has also been incorporated into multimedia presentations, and often has importance as primary historical documentation. However, Elf Movie Clip historic films Elf Movie Clip have problems in terms of preservation and storage, and Elf Movie Clip the motion picture industry is exploring many alternatives. Most movies on cellulose nitrate base have been copied onto modern safety films. Some studios save color films through the use of separation masters � three B&W negatives each exposed through red, Elf Movie Clip green, or blue filters (essentially a reverse of the Technicolor process). Digital methods have also been used to restore films, although their continued Elf Movie Clip obsolescence cycle makes them (as of 2006) a poor choice for long-term preservation. Film preservation of decaying film stock is a matter of concern to both film historians Elf Movie Clip and archivists, and to companies interested in preserving their existing products in order to make them available to future generations (and thereby increase Elf Movie Clip revenue). Preservation is generally a higher-concern for nitrate and single-strip color films, Elf Movie Clip due to their high Elf Movie Clip decay rates; black and white Elf Movie Clip films on safety bases and color films Elf Movie Clip preserved on Technicolor imbibition prints tend Elf Movie Clip to keep up much better, assuming proper handling and storage.
Some films in recent decades have been recorded using analog video technology similar to that used in television production. Modern digital video cameras and digital projectors are gaining ground as well. These approaches Elf Movie Clip are extremely beneficial to moviemakers, especially because footage can be evaluated and edited without waiting for the film stock to be processed. Yet the migration is gradual, and as of 2005 most major motion pictures are still recorded on film.
Independent
Main article: Independent Elf Movie Clip film
The Lumiere Brothers
Independent Elf Movie Clip filmmaking often takes place outside of Hollywood, or other major studio systems. An independent Chipmunk Movie Ringtones film (or indie film) is a film initially produced Elf Movie Clip without financing Elf Movie Clip or distribution from Elf Movie Clip a major movie Elf Movie Clip studio. Creative, business, and technological reasons have all contributed to Elf Movie Clip the growth of the indie film scene in the late 20th and early 21st Elf Movie Clip century.
On the business side, the costs of big-budget studio films also leads to conservative choices in cast and crew. There is Elf Movie Clip a Elf Movie Clip trend in Hollywood towards co-financing (over two-thirds of the Elf Movie Clip films put out by Warner Bros. in 2000 were joint ventures, up from 10% in 1987).[2] A hopeful director is Elf Movie Clip almost never given the Elf Movie Clip opportunity to get a Elf Movie Clip job Elf Movie Clip on a Elf Movie Clip big-budget studio film unless he or she has significant industry experience in film or television. Also, the studios rarely produce films with unknown actors, particularly in Elf Movie Clip lead Elf Movie Clip roles.
Before the Elf Movie Clip advent of digital alternatives, the cost of professional film equipment and stock was also a hurdle to being able to produce, direct, or star in a traditional studio film. The cost of 35 Elf Movie Clip mm film is outpacing inflation: in Elf Movie Clip 2002 alone, film negative costs were up 23%, according to Variety.[2].
But the advent Elf Movie Clip of consumer camcorders in 1985, and more importantly, Elf Movie Clip the arrival of high-resolution digital video in the early 1990s, have lowered the Elf Movie Clip technology barrier to movie production significantly. Both production and post-production costs have been significantly lowered; Elf Movie Clip today, the hardware and software for post-production can be installed in a commodity-based personal computer. Technologies such as DVDs, FireWire connections and non-linear editing system pro-level software like Adobe Premiere Pro, Sony Vegas Elf Movie Clip and Apple's Final Cut Pro, and consumer level software such as Apple's Final Cut Express and iMovie make movie-making relatively inexpensive.
Since the introduction of DV technology, the means of production have become more democratized. Filmmakers Elf Movie Clip can conceivably Elf Movie Clip shoot and edit a movie, create and edit the sound and music, and mix the final cut on a home Elf Movie Clip computer. However, Elf Movie Clip while Elf Movie Clip the means of production may be democratized, financing, distribution, and marketing remain Elf Movie Clip difficult Elf Movie Clip to accomplish outside Elf Movie Clip the traditional system. Elf Movie Clip Most independent filmmakers rely on film festivals to get Elf Movie Clip their films noticed Elf Movie Clip and Elf Movie Clip sold for distribution. The arrival of internet-based video outlets such as YouTube and Veoh has further changed Elf Movie Clip the film making landscape in ways that are still to be determined.
Open content film
Main article: Open content film
An open content film is much like an independent film, but it is produced through Elf Movie Clip open Elf Movie Clip collaborations; its source material is Elf Movie Clip available under a license which is permissive enough to allow other parties to create fan fiction or Elf Movie Clip derivative works, than a traditional copyright. Like independent filmmaking, Hannah Montana 3d Concert Movie open source filmmaking takes place outside Elf Movie Clip of Hollywood, or other major studio systems.
Fan film
Main article: Fan film
A fan film is a film or video inspired by a film, television program, comic book or a similar source, created by fans rather than by the source's copyright holders or creators. Fan filmmakers have traditionally been amateurs, but some of the more notable films have actually been produced by professional filmmakers Elf Movie Clip as film Elf Movie Clip school class projects or as demonstration The Mist Full Movie Online reels. Fan films vary Elf Movie Clip tremendously in length, from short faux-teaser Elf Movie Clip trailers for non-existent Elf Movie Clip motion pictures to rarer full-length motion pictures
Animation is the technique in which each frame of Elf Movie Clip a film is produced individually, whether generated as a computer graphic, or by photographing a drawn image, or Elf Movie Clip by Elf Movie Clip repeatedly making small changes to a model unit (see Elf Movie Clip claymation and stop Elf Movie Clip motion), and then photographing Elf Movie Clip the result with a special animation camera. When Elf Movie Clip the frames are strung together and the resulting film is viewed at a speed of 16 or more frames per second, there is an illusion of continuous movement (due to the persistence of vision). Generating such a film is very labour intensive and tedious, though Elf Movie Clip the development of computer animation has greatly sped up the process.
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File formats like GIF, QuickTime, Shockwave and Flash allow animation to be Elf Movie Clip viewed on a computer or over the Internet.
Because animation is very time-consuming and often very expensive to produce, the majority of animation for TV and movies comes from professional Elf Movie Clip animation studios. However, the field of independent animation has existed at least since Elf Movie Clip the 1950s, with animation being produced by independent studios (and sometimes by a single person). Several independent animation producers have gone on to enter the professional animation industry.
Limited Elf Movie Clip animation is a Elf Movie Clip way of increasing production and decreasing costs of animation by using "short cuts" in the animation process. This method was pioneered by UPA and Elf Movie Clip popularized by Hanna-Barbera, and adapted Elf Movie Clip by other studios as cartoons moved from movie theaters to Elf Movie Clip television.[3]
Although most animation studios are now using digital technologies in their productions, there is a specific style of animation that Elf Movie Clip depends on film. Elf Movie Clip Cameraless animation, made famous by moviemakers like Norman McLaren, Len Lye and Stan Brakhage, is painted Elf Movie Clip and drawn directly onto Elf Movie Clip pieces of film, and then run through a projector.
Venues
When it is initially produced, Elf Movie Clip a feature film is often shown to audiences in a movie theater or cinema. The first theater designed exclusively for cinema opened in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in Elf Movie Clip 1905.[4] Thousands of such Elf Movie Clip theaters were built or converted Elf Movie Clip from existing facilities within a Elf Movie Clip few years.[5] In the United States, these theaters came to be known as nickelodeons, Elf Movie Clip because admission typically cost a nickel (five cents).
Typically, one film is Elf Movie Clip the featured presentation (or Elf Movie Clip feature film). Before the 1970s, Elf Movie Clip there were "double features"; typically, a high quality "A picture" rented by an independent theater for a lump sum, and a "B picture" of lower quality rented for a percentage of the gross receipts. Today, the bulk of the material shown before the Elf Movie Clip feature film consists of previews for upcoming movies and paid advertisements (also Elf Movie Clip known as trailers or "The Twenty").
Historically, all mass marketed feature films were made Elf Movie Clip to be shown in movie theaters. The development of television has allowed films to be broadcast to larger audiences, usually after the film is Elf Movie Clip no longer being shown in theaters. Elf Movie Clip Recording technology has also enabled consumers to rent or buy copies Elf Movie Clip of films on VHS or DVD (and the older formats of laserdisc, VCD Elf Movie Clip and SelectaVision � see also videodisc), and Internet downloads may Elf Movie Clip be available and have started to Elf Movie Clip become revenue sources for the film companies. Some films are now made specifically for these other venues, being released as made-for-TV movies Elf Movie Clip or direct-to-video movies. The production values on these films are often considered to be of inferior quality compared to theatrical releases in similar genres, Elf Movie Clip and indeed, some films that are Elf Movie Clip rejected by their Elf Movie Clip own studios upon completion are distributed through these markets.
The movie theater pays an average of about 50-55% of its ticket sales to the movie studio, as film rental fees.[6] The actual percentage starts with Elf Movie Clip a number higher than Elf Movie Clip that, and decreases as the duration of Elf Movie Clip a film's showing continues, as an incentive to theaters to keep movies in the theater longer. However, today's Elf Movie Clip barrage of highly marketed movies ensures that most movies are shown in Elf Movie Clip first-run theaters for less than 8 weeks. There are a few movies Elf Movie Clip every Elf Movie Clip year that defy this rule, often limited-release Elf Movie Clip movies that start in only a few theaters and actually grow their theater count through good word-of-mouth and reviews. According to a 2000 study by ABN AMRO, Elf Movie Clip about 26% of Hollywood movie studios' worldwide income came from box Elf Movie Clip office ticket sales; 46% came from VHS and DVD sales to consumers; and 28% came from television (broadcast, cable, and pay-per-view).[6]
Future state
While motion picture films have been around for more than a century, film is Elf Movie Clip still a relative newcomer in the pantheon of fine arts. In the 1950s, Elf Movie Clip when television became widely available, industry analysts predicted the demise of local movie theaters. Despite competition from television's increasing technological sophistication over the 1960s and Elf Movie Clip 1970s, such as the development of color television Elf Movie Clip and large screens, motion picture cinemas continued. In the 1980s, when the widespread availability Elf Movie Clip of inexpensive Elf Movie Clip videocassette recorders enabled people to select films for home viewing, industry analysts again wrongly Elf Movie Clip predicted the death of Elf Movie Clip the local cinemas.
In the 1990s and 2000s the development of digital DVD players, home Elf Movie Clip theater amplification systems with surround sound and subwoofers, and large LCD or plasma screens enabled people to select and view films at home Elf Movie Clip with greatly improved audio and visual reproduction. These new technologies provided audio and visual that in the past only local cinemas had been able to Elf Movie Clip provide: Elf Movie Clip a Elf Movie Clip large, clear widescreen presentation of a film with a full-range, high-quality multi-speaker sound system. Once again industry analysts predicted the demise of the local cinema. Local cinemas will be changing in the 2000s and moving towards digital screens, a new approach which will allow for easier and quicker distribution of films (via satellite or hard disks), a development which may give local Elf Movie Clip theaters P2p Movie Sharing a reprieve Movie Theaters In Buford Georgia from their predicted Elf Movie Clip demise.
The cinema now Elf Movie Clip faces a new challenge from home Elf Movie Clip video Elf Movie Clip by the likes of a new DVD format Blu-ray, which can provide full HD 1080p video playback at near cinema quality. Video formats are gradually Elf Movie Clip catching up with the resolutions and quality that film offers, 1080p in Blu-ray Elf Movie Clip offers a pixel resolution of 1920?1080 a leap from the DVD offering of 720?480 and the paltry 330?480 offered by the first home video standard VHS. The maximum resolutions that film currently offers Elf Movie Clip are 2485?2970 or 1420?3390, UHD, a future digital video format, will Elf Movie Clip offer a massive resolution of 7680?4320, surpassing all current film resolutions. The only viable Elf Movie Clip competitor to these new innovations is IMAX which can play Elf Movie Clip film content Elf Movie Clip at an extreme 10000?7000 resolution.
Despite the Elf Movie Clip rise of all new Elf Movie Clip technologies, the development of the home Elf Movie Clip video market and a Elf Movie Clip surge of online Elf Movie Clip piracy, 2007 was a record year in film that showed the highest ever box-office grosses. Many expected film to Elf Movie Clip suffer as a result of Elf Movie Clip the effects listed above but Elf Movie Clip it has flourished, strengthening film studio expectations for the future. |
