Film is a term that encompasses individual motion pictures, the field of film as an art form, and the motion picture industry. Films are produced by recording images from the world with cameras, or by creating images using animation techniques or Home Theater Movie Screen special effects.
Films are cultural artifacts created by specific cultures, which reflect those Home Theater Movie Screen cultures, and, in turn, affect them. Film is considered to be an important art form, a source of popular entertainment and a powerful method for Home Theater Movie Screen educating � or indoctrinating � citizens. The visual elements of cinema gives motion pictures a universal power of Home Theater Movie Screen communication. Some films Home Theater Movie Screen have Home Theater Movie Screen become popular worldwide attractions by using Home Theater Movie Screen dubbing Home Theater Movie Screen or subtitles Home Theater Movie Screen that translate the dialogue.
Traditional films are made up of a series of individual images called frames. When these Home Theater Movie Screen images Home Theater Movie Screen are shown Home Theater Movie Screen rapidly in succession, Home Theater Movie Screen a viewer has the illusion that motion is Home Theater Movie Screen occurring. The viewer cannot see the flickering Home Theater Movie Screen between frames due to an effect Home Theater Movie Screen known as persistence of vision, whereby the eye retains a
The origin of the name Home Theater Movie Screen "film" comes from the fact that photographic film (also called film stock) had Home Theater Movie Screen historically been the Home Theater Movie Screen primary medium for recording and displaying motion pictures. Many other terms exist for an individual motion picture, including picture, picture show, photo-play, flick, and Home Theater Movie Screen most commonly, movie. Additional terms for the field in general include Home Theater Movie Screen the Home Theater Movie Screen big screen, the silver Home Theater Movie Screen screen, the cinema, and the movies.In the 1860s, mechanisms for producing artificially created, two-dimensional images in motion were demonstrated with devices such as the zoetrope and the praxinoscope. These machines were outgrowths of simple optical Home Theater Movie Screen devices Home Theater Movie Screen (such as magic lanterns) and would display sequences of still pictures at sufficient speed for the images on the pictures to appear to be moving, a phenomenon called persistence of vision. Naturally, the images needed to be carefully designed to achieve the desired effect � and the Home Theater Movie Screen underlying principle became the basis for the development Home Theater Movie Screen of Home Theater Movie Screen film animation.
A frame from Roundhay Garden Scene, the world's earliest film, by Louis Le Prince, 1888
With the development of celluloid film for still photography, it became possible to directly capture objects in Home Theater Movie Screen motion in real time. Early Home Theater Movie Screen versions of the technology sometimes required a person to look into a viewing machine to see the pictures which were separate paper prints attached to a drum turned by a handcrank. The pictures were shown at a variable speed of about 5 to Home Theater Movie Screen 10 pictures per second depending on how rapidly the crank Home Theater Movie Screen was turned. Some of these machines were coin operated. Home Theater Movie Screen By the 1880s, the development of the motion picture camera allowed the individual component images to Home Theater Movie Screen be captured Home Theater Movie Screen and stored on a single reel, and led quickly to the Home Theater Movie Screen development of a motion picture projector Home Theater Movie Screen to shine light through the processed and printed film and magnify these "moving picture shows" onto a screen for an entire audience. These reels, so exhibited, came to be known as "motion pictures". Early motion pictures were static shots Home Theater Movie Screen that showed an event Home Theater Movie Screen or action with no editing or other cinematic techniques.
Ignoring Dickson's early Home Theater Movie Screen sound experiments (1894), commercial Home Theater Movie Screen motion pictures were purely visual art through the late 19th century, but these innovative silent Home Theater Movie Screen films had gained a hold on the public imagination. Around the turn of the twentieth century, films began developing a narrative structure by Home Theater Movie Screen stringing scenes together to tell narratives. The scenes were later broken up into multiple Home Theater Movie Screen shots Home Theater Movie Screen of varying sizes and angles. Other techniques such as camera Home Theater Movie Screen movement were realized as effective ways to portray a story Home Theater Movie Screen on film. Rather than leave the audience in silence, theater owners Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie would hire a pianist or organist or a Home Theater Movie Screen full orchestra Home Theater Movie Screen to Home Theater Movie Screen play music fitting the mood of the film Home Theater Movie Screen at any given moment. By the early 1920s, most films came with a prepared list of sheet music for this purpose, with complete film scores being composed for major productions.
A shot from Georges Melies Le Voyage dans la Lune (A Trip to the Moon) (1902), an early narrative film.
The rise of European cinema was interrupted by Home Theater Movie Screen the breakout of World War I Home Theater Movie Screen while the film industry in United States flourished Home Theater Movie Screen with the rise of Hollywood. However in Home Theater Movie Screen the 1920s, European filmmakers such as Sergei Eisenstein, F. W. Murnau, and Fritz Home Theater Movie Screen Lang, along with American innovator D. W. Griffith and the contributions of Charles Chaplin, Buster Keaton and others, continued to advance the medium. In the Home Theater Movie Screen 1920s, new technology allowed filmmakers to attach to each film a soundtrack of speech, music and sound effects synchronized with the action on the screen. These sound films were initially distinguished by calling them "talking pictures", or talkies.
The next major step in the development of cinema was the introduction of so-called "natural" color. While the addition of sound quickly eclipsed silent film and Home Theater Movie Screen theater musicians, color was adopted more gradually as methods evolved making it more practical and cost effective to produce "natural color" films. The public was relatively indifferent to color photography as opposed to black-and-white,[citation needed] but as color processes improved and became as affordable as black-and-white film, more and more movies were filmed in color Home Theater Movie Screen after the end of World War Home Theater Movie Screen II, as the industry Home Theater Movie Screen in America came to view color as essential to attracting audiences in its Home Theater Movie Screen competition with television, which Home Theater Movie Screen remained Home Theater Movie Screen a black-and-white medium until the mid-1960s. Home Theater Movie Screen By the end of the 1960s, col
Since the decline of the studio system in the 1960s, the succeeding decades saw changes Home Theater Movie Screen in the production and style of Home Theater Movie Screen film. New Hollywood, French New Wave and the rise of film school educated independent filmmakers were all part of the changes Home Theater Movie Screen the medium experienced in the latter half of the 20th century. Digital technology has been the driving force in change throughout the Home Theater Movie Screen 1990s and into the 21st century.
Theory
Main article: Film theory
Film theory seeks to develop concise and systematic concepts Home Theater Movie Screen that apply to the study of film as art. It was started Home Theater Movie Screen by Ricciotto Canudo's The Birth of the Sixth Art. Formalist film theory, led by Rudolf Arnheim, Bela Balazs, and Siegfried Kracauer, emphasized how film differed from Home Theater Movie Screen reality, and thus could Home Theater Movie Screen be considered a valid fine art. Andre Bazin reacted against this theory by arguing that film's Home Theater Movie Screen artistic Home Theater Movie Screen essence lay Home Theater Movie Screen in Home Theater Movie Screen its ability to mechanically reproduce reality not in its differences from reality, and this gave rise to realist theory. More recent Home Theater Movie Screen analysis spurred by Lacan's psychoanalysis and Ferdinand de Saussure's semiotics among other things has given rise to psychoanalytical film theory, structuralist Home Theater Movie Screen film theory, feminist film theory and Home Theater Movie Screen others.
Criticism
Main article: Film criticism
Film criticism is the analysis and evaluation of films. Home Theater Movie Screen In general, these works can be divided into two categories: academic criticism by film scholars and journalistic film criticism that appears regularly in newspapers and other media.
Film critics working for newspapers, magazines, and broadcast media mainly review new releases. Normally they only see any given film once and have only a day or two Home Theater Movie Screen to formulate opinions. Despite this, critics have Home Theater Movie Screen an important impact on films, especially those of certain genres. Mass marketed action, horror, and comedy films Home Theater Movie Screen tend not to be greatly affected by a Home Theater Movie Screen critic's overall judgment of Home Theater Movie Screen a film. The plot summary and description Home Theater Movie Screen of a film that makes up the majority of any film review can still have an important impact on whether people decide Home Theater Movie Screen to see a film. For prestige films such as most dramas, the influence of reviews is extremely Home Theater Movie Screen important. Poor reviews will often doom a film to Home Theater Movie Screen obscurity and financial loss.
The impact of a reviewer Home Theater Movie Screen on a given film's box office performance is a Home Theater Movie Screen matter of debate. Some claim that movie marketing is now so intense and well financed that reviewers cannot Home Theater Movie Screen make an impact against it. Home Theater Movie Screen However, the cataclysmic failure of Home Theater Movie Screen some Home Theater Movie Screen heavily-promoted Home Theater Movie Screen movies which were harshly reviewed, as well as the unexpected success of critically praised independent movies Home Theater Movie Screen indicates that Home Theater Movie Screen extreme Home Theater Movie Screen critical reactions can have considerable influence. Others Home Theater Movie Screen note that Home Theater Movie Screen positive film reviews Home Theater Movie Screen have been shown to spark Home Theater Movie Screen interest in little-known films. Conversely, there have been several films in which film companies have so little confidence that they refuse to give reviewers an advanced viewing to avoid widespread panning of the film. However, this usually backfires as reviewers are wise Home Theater Movie Screen to the tactic and warn Home Theater Movie Screen the public that the film may not be worth Home Theater Movie Screen seeing and the films often do poorly as a result.
It is argued that journalist film critics should only be known as film reviewers, and true film critics are those who take a more academic approach to films. This Home Theater Movie Screen line of work is more often known as film theory or film studies. These film critics attempt to come to understand how film and filming techniques work, and what effect Home Theater Movie Screen they have on Home Theater Movie Screen people. Home Theater Movie Screen Rather than having their works published in newspapers or appear Home Theater Movie Screen on television, their articles are published in scholarly journals, or sometimes in up-market magazines. They also tend to be affiliated with colleges or universities.
Industry
Main article: Film industry
The making Home Theater Movie Screen and Home Theater Movie Screen showing Home Theater Movie Screen of motion pictures Home Theater Movie Screen became a source of profit almost as soon as the process was invented. Upon seeing how successful their new Home Theater Movie Screen invention, and its product, was in their native France, the Lumieres quickly set about touring the Continent to exhibit the Home Theater Movie Screen first films privately to royalty and publicly to Home Theater Movie Screen the masses. In Home Theater Movie Screen each country, they would Home Theater Movie Screen normally add new, local Home Theater Movie Screen scenes to their catalogue and, quickly enough, found local entrepreneurs in the various Home Theater Movie Screen countries of Europe to buy their equipment and photograph, export, import and Home Theater Movie Screen screen additional product commercially. The Oberammergau Passion Play of 1898[citation needed] was the first commercial motion picture ever produced. Other pictures soon followed, and motion pictures became a separate industry that overshadowed the Home Theater Movie Screen vaudeville world. Dedicated theaters and companies formed specifically Home Theater Movie Screen to produce and distribute films, while motion picture actors became Home Theater Movie Screen major Home Theater Movie Screen celebrities and commanded huge Home Theater Movie Screen fees for their Home Theater Movie Screen performances. Already Home Theater Movie Screen by 1917, Charlie Home Theater Movie Screen Chaplin had a Home Theater Movie Screen contract that called Home Theater Movie Screen for an annual salary of one million dollars.
In Home Theater Movie Screen the United Home Theater Movie Screen States today, much Home Theater Movie Screen of Home Theater Movie Screen the film industry is centered around Hollywood. Home Theater Movie Screen Other regional centers exist in many parts of Home Theater Movie Screen the world, such as Mumbai-centered Bollywood, the Indian film industry's Hindi cinema which produces the largest number of films in the world.[1] Whether the ten thousand-plus feature length films a year produced by the Valley Home Theater Movie Screen pornographic film industry should qualify for this Home Theater Movie Screen title is the source Home Theater Movie Screen of some debate.[citation needed] Though the expense involved in making movies has led cinema production to concentrate under the auspices of movie studios, recent advances in affordable film making equipment have allowed independent film productions to Home Theater Movie Screen flourish.
Profit is a key force in the industry, due to the costly and risky nature of filmmaking; many films have large cost overruns, a notorious example being Kevin Costner's Waterworld. Yet many filmmakers strive to create works of lasting social significance. The Academy Awards (also known as "the Oscars") are the most Home Theater Movie Screen prominent film awards in Home Theater Movie Screen the United Home Theater Movie Screen States, providing recognition each year to films, ostensibly based on their artistic merits.
There is Home Theater Movie Screen also a large industry for educational and instructional films made in lieu of or in addition to lectures and texts.
Preview
A preview performance refers to a showing of a movie to a select audience, usually for the purposes of corporate promotions, Home Theater Movie Screen before the public film premiere itself. Previews are sometimes Home Theater Movie Screen used to judge audience reaction, which Home Theater Movie Screen if unexpectedly negative, may result in recutting Home Theater Movie Screen or even refilming certain sections. (cf Audience response.)
Trailer
Main article: Trailer (film)
Trailers or previews are film Home Theater Movie Screen advertisements for films that will be exhibited in the future at a cinema, on whose screen they are shown. The term "trailer" comes from their having originally been shown at the end of a film programme. That practice did not last long, because patrons Home Theater Movie Screen tended to leave the theater Home Theater Movie Screen after the films ended, but the name has Home Theater Movie Screen stuck. Trailers are now shown before the film Home Theater Movie Screen (or the A movie in a double feature program) begins.
The nature of the Home Theater Movie Screen film determines the size and type of crew required during filmmaking. Many Hollywood adventure films need computer generated imagery Home Theater Movie Screen (CGI), created by Home Theater Movie Screen dozens of Home Theater Movie Screen 3D modellers, animators, rotoscopers Home Theater Movie Screen and compositors. However, a Home Theater Movie Screen low-budget, independent film Home Theater Movie Screen may be made with a skeleton crew, often paid very little. Also, an open source Home Theater Movie Screen film may be Home Theater Movie Screen produced through open, collaborative processes. Filmmaking takes place all over the world using different technologies, styles of acting Home Theater Movie Screen and genre, and is produced in a variety of economic contexts that range from state-sponsored documentary in China to profit-oriented movie making within the American studio system.
This production cycle typically Home Theater Movie Screen takes three years. The first year is taken up with development. The second year comprises preproduction and production. The third year, post-production and distribution.
Crew
Main article: Film crew
A Home Theater Movie Screen film crew is a group of people hired by a film company, employed during the "production" or Home Theater Movie Screen "photography" phase, for the purpose of producing a film or motion picture. Crew are distinguished from cast, the actors who appear in front of the camera or provide voices for characters in the film. The crew interacts with but is also distinct from the production staff, consisting of producers, managers, company representatives, their assistants, and those whose primary responsibility falls in pre-production or post-production phases, such as writers and editors. Communication between production and crew generally Home Theater Movie Screen passes Home Theater Movie Screen through the director and his/her staff of assistants. Medium-to-large crews are generally divided into departments with well defined hierarchies and standards for interaction and cooperation between the departments. Other than acting, the crew handles everything in the photography Home Theater Movie Screen phase: props and costumes, shooting, sound, electrics (i.e., lights), sets, and production special effects. Caterers (known in the film industry as "craft services") are usually Home Theater Movie Screen not considered part of the crew.
Technology
Film stock consists of transparent celluloid, acetate, or polyester base coated with an Home Theater Movie Screen emulsion containing light-sensitive chemicals. Cellulose nitrate was the first type Home Theater Movie Screen of film Home Theater Movie Screen base used to record motion pictures, but due to its flammability was eventually replaced by safer Home Theater Movie Screen materials. Stock widths Home Theater Movie Screen and the film format for images on the reel have had a rich history, though most large commercial films are still shot on (and distributed to theaters) as 35 mm prints.
Originally moving picture film was shot and projected at various speeds using hand-cranked cameras and projectors; though 1000 frames per minute (16? frame/s) is Home Theater Movie Screen generally cited as a standard silent speed, research Home Theater Movie Screen indicates most films were shot between 16 frame/s and 23 frame/s and projected from 18 Home Theater Movie Screen frame/s on up (often reels included instructions on how fast each scene should be shown) [1]. When Home Theater Movie Screen sound Home Theater Movie Screen film Home Theater Movie Screen was introduced in the late 1920s, a Home Theater Movie Screen constant speed was required for the sound head. Home Theater Movie Screen 24 frames per second was chosen Home Theater Movie Screen because it Home Theater Movie Screen was the slowest (and Home Theater Movie Screen thus cheapest) speed which allowed for sufficient sound quality. Improvements Home Theater Movie Screen since the Home Theater Movie Screen late 19th century include the mechanization of cameras � allowing them to record at a consistent Home Theater Movie Screen speed, quiet camera design � allowing sound recorded on-set to be usable Home Theater Movie Screen without requiring large "blimps" to encase the camera, the invention of more sophisticated filmstocks and lenses, allowing directors to Home Theater Movie Screen film in increasingly dim conditions, and the development of synchronized sound, allowing sound to be recorded at exactly the same speed as its corresponding action. The soundtrack can be recorded Home Theater Movie Screen separately from Home Theater Movie Screen shooting the film, but for live-action pictures many parts of the soundtrack are usually recorded simultaneously.
As a medium, film is not limited to motion pictures, since the technology Home Theater Movie Screen developed as Home Theater Movie Screen the Home Theater Movie Screen basis for photography. It can be used to present a progressive sequence of still images in Home Theater Movie Screen the form of a slideshow. Film has also been incorporated Home Theater Movie Screen into multimedia presentations, and often Home Theater Movie Screen has importance as primary historical documentation. However, historic films have problems in terms of Home Theater Movie Screen preservation and storage, and the motion picture industry is exploring many alternatives. Most movies on cellulose nitrate base Home Theater Movie Screen have been copied onto Home Theater Movie Screen modern safety films. Some studios save color films through the use of separation masters � three B&W negatives each exposed through red, green, or blue filters (essentially a reverse of the Technicolor Home Theater Movie Screen process). Digital methods have also been used to restore films, although their continued obsolescence cycle makes them (as of 2006) a poor choice for long-term preservation. Film preservation of decaying film stock is a matter of Home Theater Movie Screen concern to both film historians and archivists, and to companies interested in preserving their existing products in order to make Home Theater Movie Screen them available to future generations (and thereby increase revenue). Preservation Home Theater Movie Screen is Home Theater Movie Screen generally a higher-concern for nitrate and single-strip color films, due to their high decay rates; black and Home Theater Movie Screen white films on safety bases and color films preserved on Technicolor imbibition prints tend to keep up much better, assuming proper handling and storage.
Some films in recent decades have been recorded using analog video technology similar to that used in television production. Modern digital video cameras and Home Theater Movie Screen digital Home Theater Movie Screen projectors are gaining ground as Home Theater Movie Screen well. These approaches are extremely beneficial to moviemakers, especially because footage can be evaluated and edited without waiting for the film stock to be processed. Yet the migration is gradual, and as of 2005 most major motion pictures are still recorded on film.
Independent
Main article: Independent film
The Lumiere Brothers
Independent filmmaking often takes place outside of Hollywood, or other major studio systems. Home Theater Movie Screen An independent film (or indie film) is a film initially produced without financing or distribution from a major movie studio. Creative, business, and technological reasons have all contributed to the growth of the indie film scene in the late 20th and early 21st century.
On Home Theater Movie Screen the business side, the costs of big-budget studio films also leads to conservative choices Home Theater Movie Screen in cast and crew. There is Home Theater Movie Screen a trend in Hollywood towards co-financing (over two-thirds of the films Home Theater Movie Screen put out by Warner Bros. in 2000 were joint ventures, up from 10% in 1987).[2] A hopeful director is almost never given the opportunity to Home Theater Movie Screen get a job Home Theater Movie Screen on a big-budget studio film unless he or she has significant industry experience in film or television. Also, the studios rarely produce films with Home Theater Movie Screen unknown Home Theater Movie Screen actors, Home Theater Movie Screen particularly in lead roles.
Before the advent of digital alternatives, the cost of professional film equipment and stock was also a hurdle Home Theater Movie Screen to being able Home Theater Movie Screen to produce, direct, or star in a traditional studio Home Theater Movie Screen film. Home Theater Movie Screen The cost of 35 mm film is outpacing inflation: in Home Theater Movie Screen 2002 alone, film negative costs were up 23%, according to Home Theater Movie Screen Variety.[2].
But the advent of consumer camcorders Home Theater Movie Screen in 1985, and more importantly, the arrival of high-resolution digital video in the early 1990s, have lowered the technology barrier to movie production significantly. Both production and post-production costs have been significantly lowered; today, the hardware and software for post-production Home Theater Movie Screen can be installed in Home Theater Movie Screen a commodity-based personal computer. Technologies such as DVDs, FireWire connections and non-linear editing system pro-level software like Adobe Home Theater Movie Screen Premiere Pro, Sony Vegas and Apple's Final Home Theater Movie Screen Cut Pro, and consumer level software such as Apple's Final Cut Express and iMovie make movie-making relatively inexpensive.
Since the introduction of DV technology, the means of production have Home Theater Movie Screen become more democratized. Home Theater Movie Screen Filmmakers can conceivably shoot and edit a movie, create and edit the sound and music, and mix the final cut on a home computer. However, while the means of production may be democratized, financing, distribution, and marketing Home Theater Movie Screen remain difficult to Home Theater Movie Screen accomplish outside the traditional system. Most independent filmmakers rely Home Theater Movie Screen on film festivals to get their films noticed and sold for distribution. The arrival Home Theater Movie Screen of internet-based video outlets Home Theater Movie Screen such as YouTube and Veoh has further changed the film making landscape in ways Home Theater Movie Screen that are still to be determined.
Open Home Theater Movie Screen content film
Main article: Open content film
An open content film is Home Theater Movie Screen much like an independent film, Home Theater Movie Screen but it is produced through open collaborations; Home Theater Movie Screen its Home Theater Movie Screen source material is available under a license which is Home Theater Movie Screen permissive enough to allow other parties to Home Theater Movie Screen create Home Theater Movie Screen fan fiction or derivative works, Home Theater Movie Screen than a traditional copyright. Like independent filmmaking, open source filmmaking takes place Home Theater Movie Screen outside of Hollywood, or other major studio systems.
Fan film
Main article: Fan film
A fan film is a film or video inspired by a film, television program, comic book or a similar source, created by fans rather than by the source's copyright holders or creators. Home Theater Movie Screen Fan Home Theater Movie Screen filmmakers have traditionally been amateurs, but some of the more Home Theater Movie Screen notable films have actually been produced by professional filmmakers Home Theater Movie Screen as film school class projects or as demonstration Home Theater Movie Screen reels. Fan films Home Theater Movie Screen vary tremendously in length, from short faux-teaser trailers for non-existent motion pictures to rarer full-length motion pictures
Animation is the technique in Walkabout Movie which each frame of a film Home Theater Movie Screen is produced individually, whether generated as a computer graphic, or by photographing a drawn image, or by repeatedly making small changes to a model Home Theater Movie Screen unit (see claymation Home Theater Movie Screen and stop motion), and then photographing the result with a special animation camera. When the frames are strung together and the resulting film is viewed at a speed of Home Theater Movie Screen 16 Home Theater Movie Screen or Home Theater Movie Screen more frames per second, there is Home Theater Movie Screen an illusion of continuous movement (due to the persistence of vision). Generating such a film is very labour Home Theater Movie Screen intensive and tedious, though the development of computer animation has greatly Home Theater Movie Screen sped up the process.
File formats like GIF, QuickTime, Shockwave and Home Theater Movie Screen Flash Home Theater Movie Screen allow animation to be viewed on a computer or over the Internet.
Because animation is very time-consuming and Home Theater Movie Screen often very expensive to produce, the majority of animation for TV and movies comes from professional animation studios. However, the field of independent animation has existed at least since the 1950s, with animation being Home Theater Movie Screen produced by Home Theater Movie Screen independent studios (and sometimes by a single person). Several independent animation producers have gone on to enter the professional Home Theater Movie Screen animation industry.
Limited animation is a way of Sterling Il Movie Theaters increasing Home Theater Movie Screen Loew S Movie Theater production and decreasing costs of animation by using "short cuts" Home Theater Movie Screen in the animation Home Theater Movie Screen process. This method was pioneered by UPA and Home Theater Movie Screen popularized by Hanna-Barbera, and adapted by other studios as cartoons moved from movie theaters to television.[3]
Although most animation studios are now using Home Theater Movie Screen digital technologies in their productions, there is a specific style of animation that depends on film. Cameraless animation, made famous by moviemakers like Home Theater Movie Screen Norman McLaren, Len Lye and Stan Brakhage, is painted Home Theater Movie Screen and drawn directly onto pieces of film, and then run through a projector.
Venues
When it is initially produced, a feature film is often shown to audiences in a movie theater Home Theater Movie Screen or cinema. The first theater designed exclusively for cinema opened in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in Home Theater Movie Screen 1905.[4] Thousands of such theaters were built or converted from existing facilities Home Theater Movie Screen within a few years.[5] In the Home Theater Movie Screen United States, these theaters came to be known as nickelodeons, because admission typically cost a nickel (five cents).
Typically, one film Home Theater Movie Screen is the featured presentation (or feature film). Before the Home Theater Movie Screen 1970s, there were "double features"; typically, a Home Theater Movie Screen high quality "A picture" rented by an independent theater for a lump sum, and a "B picture" of lower quality rented for a percentage of the gross receipts. Today, the bulk of the material shown before the feature film consists of previews for upcoming Home Theater Movie Screen movies and paid advertisements (also known as trailers or "The Twenty").
Historically, all mass marketed feature films were made to Home Theater Movie Screen be shown in movie theaters. The development of television has allowed films Home Theater Movie Screen to be broadcast to larger audiences, usually after the film is Home Theater Movie Screen no longer being shown in theaters. Recording technology has also enabled consumers to rent Home Theater Movie Screen or buy copies Home Theater Movie Screen of films on Home Theater Movie Screen VHS Home Theater Movie Screen or DVD (and the older formats of laserdisc, VCD and SelectaVision � see also videodisc), and Internet downloads may be available and have started to become revenue sources Home Theater Movie Screen for Home Theater Movie Screen the film Home Theater Movie Screen companies. Some films are now made specifically for these other venues, being released as made-for-TV Home Theater Movie Screen movies or direct-to-video movies. The production values on these films are often considered to Home Theater Movie Screen be of inferior quality Home Theater Movie Screen compared to Home Theater Movie Screen theatrical releases in similar genres, and indeed, some Home Theater Movie Screen films that are Home Theater Movie Screen rejected by their own studios upon completion are distributed through these markets.
The movie theater pays Home Theater Movie Screen an average of about 50-55% of its ticket sales to Home Theater Movie Screen the Home Theater Movie Screen movie studio, Home Theater Movie Screen as film rental fees.[6] The actual percentage starts Home Theater Movie Screen with a number higher than that, and decreases as the duration of a film's showing Home Theater Movie Screen continues, as an incentive to theaters to keep movies in the theater longer. However, today's barrage of highly Home Theater Movie Screen marketed movies ensures that most movies are shown in first-run theaters for Home Theater Movie Screen less than Rialto Movie Theater 8 weeks. There are a few movies every Home Theater Movie Screen year that defy this rule, often limited-release movies that start in only Home Theater Movie Screen a few theaters and actually Home Theater Movie Screen grow their theater count through good word-of-mouth and reviews. According to a 2000 study by ABN AMRO, about 26% of Hollywood movie studios' worldwide income came from box office ticket sales; 46% came from VHS and DVD sales to consumers; and 28% Home Theater Movie Screen came from television (broadcast, cable, and pay-per-view).[6]
Future state
While motion picture films have been Home Theater Movie Screen around for more than a century, film is still a relative newcomer in the pantheon Home Theater Movie Screen of fine arts. Home Theater Movie Screen In the 1950s, when Home Theater Movie Screen television became widely available, industry analysts predicted the demise of Home Theater Movie Screen local movie theaters. Despite Home Theater Movie Screen competition Home Theater Movie Screen from television's increasing technological Home Theater Movie Screen sophistication over the 1960s and 1970s, such as the development of Home Theater Movie Screen color television Home Theater Movie Screen and large Home Theater Movie Screen screens, motion picture cinemas continued. In the 1980s, when the widespread availability of inexpensive videocassette recorders enabled Home Theater Movie Screen people to select films for home viewing, industry analysts again wrongly predicted the death of the local cinemas.
In the 1990s and 2000s the development Home Theater Movie Screen of digital DVD players, home theater amplification systems with surround sound and Home Theater Movie Screen subwoofers, and large LCD or plasma screens enabled people to select and view films at home with greatly improved audio and visual reproduction. These new technologies provided audio and visual that in the past only local cinemas had been able to Home Theater Movie Screen provide: Home Theater Movie Screen a Home Theater Movie Screen large, clear widescreen presentation of a film with a full-range, high-quality multi-speaker sound system. Once again Home Theater Movie Screen industry analysts Home Theater Movie Screen predicted the demise of the local cinema. Local cinemas Home Theater Movie Screen will be changing in the 2000s and Home Theater Movie Screen moving towards digital Home Theater Movie Screen screens, a new approach which will allow for easier and quicker Home Theater Movie Screen distribution of films (via satellite or hard disks), a development which may give local theaters a reprieve from their predicted demise.
The cinema now faces a new challenge from home video by the likes of a new DVD Home Theater Movie Screen format Home Theater Movie Screen Blu-ray, which can provide full HD 1080p Home Theater Movie Screen video playback at near cinema quality. Video formats are gradually catching up with the resolutions and quality that film offers, 1080p Home Theater Movie Screen in Blu-ray offers a pixel resolution of 1920?1080 a leap from the DVD offering Home |
