Film is a term Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region that encompasses individual motion pictures, the field of film as an art form, Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region and the motion picture industry. Films are produced by recording images from the world with cameras, or by creating images using animation techniques or special effects.
Films are cultural artifacts created by specific cultures, which reflect those cultures, and, in turn, affect them. Film is considered Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region to be an Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region important art form, a source Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region of Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region popular entertainment and a powerful method for educating � or indoctrinating � citizens. The visual Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region elements of cinema gives motion pictures a universal power of communication. Some films have become popular worldwide attractions by using dubbing or subtitles that translate the dialogue.
Traditional films are made up of a series of individual images called frames. When Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region these images are shown rapidly in succession, a viewer has the illusion that motion is occurring. The viewer cannot Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region see the flickering between frames due to an effect known Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region as persistence of vision, whereby the Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region eye Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region retains a
The origin of the name "film" comes from the fact that photographic film (also called film Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region stock) had historically been Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region the primary medium for Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region recording and displaying motion Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region pictures. Many other terms exist for an individual motion picture, Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region including picture, picture show, photo-play, flick, and most commonly, movie. Additional terms for the field in general include the big screen, the silver screen, the cinema, and the movies.In the 1860s, mechanisms for producing artificially created, two-dimensional images in motion were demonstrated with devices such as the zoetrope and the praxinoscope. Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region These machines were outgrowths of simple Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region optical devices (such as magic lanterns) and would display Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region sequences of still pictures at sufficient speed for the images on the pictures to appear to be moving, a phenomenon called persistence of vision. Naturally, Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region the images needed to be carefully designed to achieve the desired Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region effect � and the Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region underlying principle became the basis Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region for the development of film animation.
A frame from Roundhay Garden Scene, the world's earliest film, by Louis Le Prince, Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region 1888
With the development of celluloid Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region film for still photography, it became possible to directly capture objects in motion in real time. Early Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region versions of the technology sometimes required a person to look into a viewing machine to see the pictures which were separate paper prints attached Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region to a Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region drum turned by a handcrank. The pictures were shown at a variable speed of Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region about 5 to 10 pictures per second depending on how rapidly the crank Blow Movie Posters Htm was turned. Some of these machines Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region were Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region coin Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region operated. By the 1880s, the development of the motion picture camera allowed the individual component images to be captured Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region and stored Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region on a single reel, and led quickly to the development of a motion picture projector to shine light through the processed and printed film Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region and magnify these "moving picture shows" onto a screen Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region for an entire audience. These reels, so exhibited, came to Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region be known as "motion pictures". Early motion pictures were Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region static shots that showed an event or Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region action with no editing or other cinematic techniques.
Ignoring Dickson's early sound experiments (1894), commercial motion pictures were purely visual art through the late 19th century, but these innovative silent Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region films had gained a Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region hold on the Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region public Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region imagination. Around Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region the turn of the twentieth century, films Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region began developing a narrative structure by stringing scenes together Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region to tell Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region narratives. The scenes were Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region later broken up into multiple shots of varying sizes and angles. Other techniques such Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region as camera movement were realized as effective ways Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region to portray a story on film. Rather than leave Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region the audience in silence, Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region theater owners would hire a pianist Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region or organist or a full orchestra to play Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region music Hokus Pokus Movie fitting the mood of the film at any Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region given moment. By the early 1920s, most films came with a Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region prepared list of Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region sheet music for this purpose, with complete film scores being composed for major productions.
A Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region shot from Georges Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region Melies Le Voyage dans la Lune (A Trip to the Moon) (1902), an Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region early narrative film.
The rise of European cinema was interrupted by the breakout of World War I Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region while the film industry in United States flourished with the rise Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region of Hollywood. However in the 1920s, European filmmakers such Medusa Movie as Sergei Eisenstein, F. W. Murnau, and Fritz Lang, along with American innovator Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region D. W. Griffith and the contributions of Charles Chaplin, Buster Keaton and others, continued to advance the medium. In the 1920s, Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region new Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region technology allowed filmmakers to attach to each film a soundtrack Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region of Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region speech, music and sound effects synchronized with the action on the screen. These sound films were initially distinguished by calling them Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region "talking pictures", or talkies.
The next major Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region step in the Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region development of cinema was the introduction of so-called Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region "natural" color. While the addition of sound quickly eclipsed silent film and theater musicians, color was adopted Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region more gradually as Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region methods evolved making it more Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region practical and cost effective to produce "natural color" films. The public was relatively indifferent to color photography as Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region opposed to black-and-white,[citation needed] but as color processes improved and became as affordable as black-and-white film, more and more movies were filmed Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region in color after the Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region end of Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region World War II, Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region as the industry in America came Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region to view color as essential to attracting audiences in its competition with television, which remained a black-and-white medium until the mid-1960s. By Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region the end of Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region the 1960s, col
Since the decline of the studio system in the 1960s, the succeeding decades saw changes in the production Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region and style of film. New Hollywood, French New Wave Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region and the rise of film school educated independent filmmakers were Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region all part of the changes the medium experienced in the latter half of the 20th century. Digital technology has been the driving force in change throughout the 1990s and into the 21st century.
Theory
Main article: Film theory
Film theory seeks to develop Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region concise and systematic concepts that apply to the study of Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region film as art. It was started by Ricciotto Canudo's Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region The Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region Birth of the Sixth Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region Art. Formalist film theory, led by Rudolf Arnheim, Bela Balazs, and Siegfried Kracauer, emphasized Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region how Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region film Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region differed from Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region reality, and thus could be considered a valid fine art. Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region Andre Bazin reacted Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region against this theory by arguing that film's artistic essence lay in its ability to mechanically reproduce reality not in its differences from reality, and this gave rise to realist theory. More recent analysis spurred by Lacan's psychoanalysis and Ferdinand de Saussure's semiotics among other things has given rise Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region to psychoanalytical film theory, structuralist film theory, feminist film theory Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region and others.
Criticism
Main article: Film criticism
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Film criticism is the analysis and evaluation of films. In general, these works can Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region be divided into two Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region categories: academic Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region criticism by film scholars and journalistic film criticism that Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region appears regularly Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region in newspapers and other media.
Film critics working for Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region newspapers, magazines, Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region and broadcast Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region media mainly review new releases. Normally they only see any given film once and have only a day or two to formulate opinions. Despite this, Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region critics have an important impact on films, especially those of certain genres. Mass marketed action, Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region horror, and comedy films tend not to Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region be greatly affected by Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region a critic's overall judgment of a Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region film. The plot summary Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region and description of a film that makes up the majority of any film review can still Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region have an important impact on whether Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region people decide to see a film. Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region For prestige films Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region such as most dramas, the Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region influence of reviews is extremely Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region important. Poor Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region reviews will Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region often doom a film to obscurity and financial loss.
The impact of Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region a reviewer on Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region a given film's box Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region office performance is a matter Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region of debate. Some claim that movie marketing is now Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region so intense and well Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region financed that reviewers cannot make an impact against it. However, Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region the cataclysmic failure Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region of some heavily-promoted movies which were harshly reviewed, as well Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region as the unexpected success of critically praised independent movies indicates that extreme critical reactions can have considerable influence. Others note that Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region positive film reviews have been shown to spark interest in little-known films. Conversely, there have been several films in which film companies have so little confidence that they refuse to give reviewers an advanced viewing to avoid widespread panning of the film. However, this usually backfires as Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region reviewers are wise to the tactic and warn the public Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region that the film may not be worth seeing and the films often do poorly as a result.
It is argued that journalist film critics Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region should only be known as film Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region reviewers, and true film critics are those who Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region take a more Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region academic approach to films. This line of work is Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region more often known as Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region film theory or film studies. These film critics attempt to come to understand how film and filming techniques work, and what effect they have on people. Rather than having their Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region works published Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region in newspapers Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region or appear on television, their articles are published in scholarly journals, or sometimes in up-market magazines. They Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region also tend to be affiliated with Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region colleges or Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region universities.
Industry
Main article: Film industry
The making Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region and showing of motion pictures became a source of profit almost as soon as the process was invented. Upon seeing how successful Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region their Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region new invention, and its product, was in their native Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region France, Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region the Lumieres quickly set Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region about touring the Continent to exhibit the first films privately to royalty and publicly to the masses. In each country, they would normally add Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region new, local scenes to their catalogue and, quickly enough, found Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region local Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region entrepreneurs in the various countries of Europe to buy their equipment and photograph, export, import and screen additional product commercially. The Oberammergau Passion Play of 1898[citation needed] was the first commercial motion Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region picture ever produced. Other pictures soon followed, Sweeny Todd Depp Movie and motion Myspace Wife Boob Cheating Movie pictures became a separate industry that overshadowed the Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region vaudeville world. Dedicated Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region theaters and Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region companies formed specifically to produce and distribute films, while motion picture actors became major celebrities and commanded huge fees for their performances. Already by 1917, Charlie Chaplin had Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region a contract that called for an annual salary of one million dollars.
In the United Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region States today, much of the film industry is centered around Hollywood. Other regional centers exist Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region in many parts of the world, such as Mumbai-centered Bollywood, the Indian film industry's Hindi cinema which produces the largest number of films in Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region the world.[1] Whether the ten thousand-plus feature Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region length films a year produced by the Valley pornographic film industry should qualify for this title is the source of some debate.[citation needed] Though the Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region expense involved in Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region making movies Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region has Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region led cinema production to concentrate under the auspices of Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region movie studios, recent advances in affordable film making equipment have allowed Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region independent film productions to flourish.
Profit is a key force in the industry, due to Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region the costly and risky nature of filmmaking; many films have large cost overruns, a Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region notorious Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region example being Kevin Costner's Waterworld. Yet many Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region filmmakers strive to create works of lasting social significance. The Academy Awards (also known as "the Oscars") are the most prominent film awards in the United Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region States, providing recognition each year to films, ostensibly based on their artistic merits.
There is also a large industry for educational and instructional films made in lieu Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region of or in addition to lectures and texts.
Preview
A preview performance refers to a showing of a movie to Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region a select audience, usually for the purposes of Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region corporate promotions, before the public film premiere itself. Previews are sometimes used to judge Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region audience reaction, which if unexpectedly negative, may result in recutting or even refilming certain sections. (cf Audience response.)
Trailer
Main article: Trailer (film)
Trailers or previews are film advertisements for films that will be exhibited in the future at a cinema, on whose screen they are shown. The term "trailer" comes from their having originally been shown at the end of a film Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region programme. That practice did not last long, because patrons tended to leave the theater after the Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region films ended, but Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region the name has stuck. Trailers are now shown before the film (or the Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region A movie in a double feature program) begins.
The nature of the film determines the size and type of crew required Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region during filmmaking. Many Hollywood adventure films need computer Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region generated Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region imagery (CGI), Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region created by dozens of 3D modellers, animators, rotoscopers and compositors. However, a low-budget, independent film may be made with a skeleton crew, often paid very little. Also, an open source film may be produced through open, collaborative processes. Filmmaking takes place all over the world using different technologies, styles of acting and genre, and is produced in a variety of economic contexts that range from state-sponsored documentary in China to profit-oriented movie making within the American studio system.
This production cycle typically takes three years. The first year is taken up with development. The second year comprises preproduction and Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region production. The third year, post-production and distribution.
Crew
Main article: Film Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region crew
A film crew is a group of people hired by a film company, employed during the "production" or "photography" phase, for the purpose of producing a film or motion picture. Crew are distinguished from cast, the actors who appear in Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region front of the camera or provide voices for characters in the film. The crew interacts with but is also Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region distinct from the production Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region staff, consisting of producers, managers, company representatives, Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region their assistants, and those whose primary responsibility falls in pre-production or Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region post-production phases, such as writers and editors. Communication between production and crew generally passes through the director and his/her staff of assistants. Medium-to-large crews are generally divided into departments with well defined hierarchies and standards for interaction and cooperation between the departments. Other than acting, the Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region crew handles everything in the photography phase: Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region props and costumes, shooting, sound, Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region electrics (i.e., Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region lights), sets, and production special effects. Caterers (known in the film industry as "craft services") are usually not considered part of the crew.
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Technology
Film stock consists of transparent celluloid, acetate, or polyester base coated with an emulsion containing light-sensitive chemicals. Cellulose nitrate was Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region the first type of Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region film base used to record Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region motion pictures, but due to its flammability was eventually replaced by Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region safer materials. Stock widths and the film Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region format for images on the reel Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region have had a rich history, though most large commercial films Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region are still shot on (and distributed to theaters) as 35 mm prints.
Originally moving picture film was Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region shot Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region and projected at various speeds using hand-cranked cameras and projectors; though 1000 frames per Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region minute (16? frame/s) is generally cited as a standard silent speed, research indicates most films were shot between 16 frame/s and 23 frame/s and projected Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region The Movie The Exorcist from 18 frame/s on up (often reels included instructions on how fast each Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region scene should be shown) [1]. When sound film was introduced in the late 1920s, a constant speed was required Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region for the sound head. 24 frames Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region per second was chosen because it was Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region the slowest Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region (and thus cheapest) speed which allowed for Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region sufficient sound Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region quality. Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region Improvements since the late 19th century include the Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region mechanization of cameras � allowing them to record at a consistent speed, quiet camera design � allowing sound recorded on-set to be usable without requiring large "blimps" to encase the Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region camera, the invention of more sophisticated filmstocks and lenses, allowing directors to film in increasingly dim conditions, and the development of synchronized sound, allowing sound to be recorded at exactly the same speed as its corresponding action. The soundtrack Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region can be recorded separately from shooting the film, but for live-action pictures many parts of the soundtrack are usually recorded simultaneously.
As a medium, film is not limited to motion pictures, since the Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region technology developed as the basis for photography. It Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region can be used to present a progressive sequence of still images in the form of Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region a slideshow. Film has also been incorporated into multimedia presentations, and Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region often has importance as primary historical documentation. However, historic films have problems in terms of preservation and storage, and the motion picture industry is exploring many alternatives. Most movies on cellulose nitrate base have been copied onto modern safety films. Some studios save color films through the use of separation masters � three B&W Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region negatives each exposed through red, green, or blue filters (essentially a reverse Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region of the Technicolor process). Digital methods have also been used to restore films, although their continued obsolescence Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region cycle makes them (as of 2006) a poor choice for long-term preservation. Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region Film preservation of decaying film stock is a matter of concern to both film historians and archivists, and to Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region companies interested in preserving their existing products in order to make them available to future generations (and thereby increase revenue). Preservation is generally a higher-concern Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region for nitrate and Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region single-strip color films, Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region due to their high decay rates; black and white films on safety bases and Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region color films preserved on Technicolor imbibition prints tend to keep up much better, assuming proper handling and storage.
Some films in recent decades have been recorded using analog video technology similar Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region to that used in television production. Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region Modern digital Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region video cameras and digital projectors are gaining ground as well. These approaches are extremely beneficial to moviemakers, especially because footage Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region can be evaluated Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region and edited without waiting for Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region the film stock Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region to be processed. Yet the migration is gradual, and as of 2005 most major motion pictures are still recorded on film.
Independent
Main article: Independent film
The Lumiere Brothers
Independent filmmaking often takes place outside of Hollywood, or other major studio systems. An independent Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region film (or indie film) is a film initially produced without financing or distribution from a major movie studio. Creative, business, and technological Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region reasons have all contributed to the growth of the indie film scene in the late 20th and early 21st century.
On the business side, the costs of big-budget studio films also leads to conservative choices in cast and Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region crew. There is a trend in Hollywood towards co-financing (over Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region two-thirds of the films put out by Warner Bros. in 2000 were joint ventures, up from 10% in 1987).[2] A hopeful director is almost never given the opportunity to get a job on a big-budget studio film unless he Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region or she has significant Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region industry experience in film or television. Also, Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region the studios rarely produce films with unknown actors, particularly in lead roles.
Before the Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region advent of digital alternatives, the Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region cost of professional film equipment and stock was also a hurdle to being able to produce, direct, or star in a Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region traditional studio film. The cost of 35 Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region mm film is outpacing inflation: in 2002 alone, film negative costs were up 23%, according Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region to Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region Variety.[2].
But the advent Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region of consumer camcorders in 1985, Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region and more importantly, the arrival of high-resolution digital video Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region in the early 1990s, have lowered Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region the Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region technology barrier to movie production significantly. Both production and post-production costs have been significantly lowered; today, the Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region hardware and Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region software for post-production can be installed in a commodity-based personal computer. Technologies Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region such as Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region DVDs, FireWire connections and non-linear editing system pro-level Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region software like Adobe Premiere Pro, Sony Vegas and Apple's Final Cut Pro, and consumer level software such as Apple's Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region Final Cut Express and iMovie make movie-making relatively inexpensive.
Since the introduction of DV Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region technology, the means of production have become more democratized. Filmmakers can conceivably shoot and edit a movie, create and edit the sound and music, and mix the final cut on a home computer. However, while the means of production may Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region be democratized, financing, distribution, and marketing remain difficult to Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region accomplish outside the traditional system. Most Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region independent filmmakers rely on film Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region festivals Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region to get their films noticed and sold for distribution. The arrival of internet-based video outlets such as YouTube and Veoh has further changed the film making landscape in ways that are still Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region to be determined.
Open content film
Main article: Open content film
An open content film is much like an independent film, but it is produced through open collaborations; its source material is available under a license Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region which is Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region permissive enough to allow Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region other parties to create fan fiction or derivative works, than a traditional copyright. Like independent filmmaking, open source filmmaking takes place Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region outside of Hollywood, or other major studio systems.
Fan film
Main article: Fan film
A fan film is a film or video inspired by a Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region film, television program, comic book or a similar source, created by fans rather than by the source's copyright holders or creators. Fan filmmakers have traditionally been amateurs, but some of the Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region more Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region notable films have actually been produced by professional filmmakers as film school Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region class projects or Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region as demonstration reels. Fan films Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region vary tremendously in length, from short faux-teaser trailers for non-existent Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region motion pictures to rarer full-length motion pictures
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Animation is the technique in which each frame of Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region a film is produced individually, whether generated Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region as a computer Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region graphic, or by photographing a drawn image, or by repeatedly making small changes to a model unit (see claymation and Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region stop motion), and Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region then photographing the result with a special animation camera. When the frames are strung together and the resulting film is viewed at a Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region speed of 16 or more frames per second, there is an illusion of continuous movement (due to the persistence of vision). Generating Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region such a film is very labour intensive and tedious, though the development of computer animation has greatly sped up the process.
File formats like GIF, QuickTime, Shockwave and Flash allow animation to be viewed on Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region a computer or over the Internet.
Because animation is very time-consuming and often very expensive to produce, the majority of Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region animation for TV and movies comes from professional animation studios. However, the field of independent animation has existed at least since the 1950s, with animation being produced by independent studios (and sometimes by a single person). Several independent animation producers have gone on to enter the professional animation industry.
Limited animation is a way of increasing production and decreasing costs of animation by using Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region "short cuts" in the animation process. This method was pioneered by UPA and popularized by Hanna-Barbera, and adapted by other studios as cartoons moved from movie theaters to television.[3]
Although most animation studios are now using digital technologies in their productions, there is a specific style of animation that depends Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region on film. Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region Cameraless animation, Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region made famous by moviemakers like Norman McLaren, Len Lye Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region and Stan Brakhage, is painted and drawn directly onto pieces of film, and then run through a projector.
Venues
When it is initially produced, a feature film is often shown to audiences in a movie theater Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region or cinema. The first theater designed exclusively for cinema opened in Pittsburgh, Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region Pennsylvania in 1905.[4] Thousands of such theaters were built or converted from existing facilities within a few years.[5] In the United States, these theaters Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region came to be known as nickelodeons, because admission typically cost a Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region nickel (five cents).
Typically, one film is the featured presentation (or feature film). Before Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region the Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region 1970s, there were "double features"; typically, a high Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region quality "A picture" rented by Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region an independent theater for a lump sum, and a Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region "B picture" of Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region lower quality rented for a percentage of the Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region gross receipts. Today, the bulk of the material shown before the feature film consists of previews for Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region upcoming movies and paid advertisements (also known as trailers or "The Twenty").
Historically, all mass marketed feature films were made to be shown in movie theaters. The development of television Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region has allowed films to be broadcast to larger audiences, usually after the film is no longer being shown in theaters. Recording Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region technology has also enabled consumers Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region to rent or buy copies of films on VHS or DVD Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region (and the older formats of laserdisc, VCD and Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region SelectaVision Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region � Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region see also videodisc), Homemade Cumshot Movie and Internet downloads Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region may be available and have started to become revenue sources for the film companies. Some films are now made specifically for these other Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region venues, being released as made-for-TV movies or direct-to-video movies. The production values on these films Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region are often considered to be of inferior quality compared Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region to theatrical releases in similar genres, Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region and indeed, some films that are rejected by their own studios upon completion are distributed through Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region these markets.
The movie theater pays an average of about 50-55% of its ticket Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region sales to the movie studio, as film rental fees.[6] The actual percentage starts with a number Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region higher than that, and decreases Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region as the duration of a film's showing continues, as an incentive to Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie Region theaters to keep movies Dvd Box Set Halloween Movie |
