Film is a Willow Movie Sword term that encompasses individual motion Willow Movie Sword pictures, Willow Movie Sword the field of film as an art form, and the motion picture industry. Films Willow Movie Sword are produced by Willow Movie Sword recording images from the world with cameras, or by creating images using animation techniques or special Willow Movie Sword effects.
Films are cultural artifacts created by specific Willow Movie Sword cultures, which reflect those cultures, and, Willow Movie Sword in turn, affect them. Film is considered to be an important art Willow Movie Sword form, a source of popular entertainment and a powerful method for educating � or Willow Movie Sword indoctrinating � citizens. The visual elements Willow Movie Sword of cinema gives motion pictures a universal power of communication. Some films have become popular worldwide attractions by using dubbing or subtitles that translate the dialogue.
Traditional films Willow Movie Sword are made up of a series of individual images called frames. When Willow Movie Sword these images are shown rapidly in succession, a viewer has the illusion that motion is occurring. The viewer cannot see the flickering between Willow Movie Sword frames due to an effect known as persistence of vision, whereby the eye retains a
The origin of the Willow Movie Sword name "film" comes from Willow Movie Sword the fact Willow Movie Sword that photographic film (also called film stock) had historically been the primary medium for recording and displaying motion pictures. Many other terms exist for an individual motion picture, including picture, Willow Movie Sword picture show, photo-play, flick, and most commonly, Willow Movie Sword movie. Additional terms Home Theater Movie Screen for the field in general include the big screen, the Willow Movie Sword silver screen, the cinema, and the movies.In the 1860s, mechanisms for producing artificially created, Willow Movie Sword two-dimensional images in motion were demonstrated Willow Movie Sword with Willow Movie Sword devices such as the zoetrope and the praxinoscope. These machines were outgrowths of simple optical devices Willow Movie Sword (such as magic lanterns) and would display sequences of still pictures at sufficient Willow Movie Sword speed for the Willow Movie Sword images on the pictures to appear to be moving, a Willow Movie Sword phenomenon called persistence of vision. Willow Movie Sword Naturally, the images needed Willow Movie Sword to be carefully designed to achieve Willow Movie Sword the desired effect � and the underlying principle became the basis for the Aaa Movie Tickets development of film animation.
A frame from Roundhay Garden Scene, the world's earliest film, by Louis Le Prince, 1888
With the development of celluloid film for still photography, it became possible to directly capture objects in motion in real Willow Movie Sword time. Willow Movie Sword Early versions of the technology sometimes required a person to look into a viewing machine to see the pictures Willow Movie Sword which were separate paper prints Willow Movie Sword attached Willow Movie Sword to a drum turned by a handcrank. The pictures were shown at a variable speed of about 5 to 10 pictures per second depending on how rapidly Willow Movie Sword the crank was turned. Some of these machines were coin operated. By the 1880s, the development of the motion picture camera allowed the individual component images to be Willow Movie Sword captured and stored on a single reel, and led quickly Willow Movie Sword to the development of a motion picture projector to shine light through the processed and printed film and magnify these "moving picture shows" onto a screen for an entire audience. These reels, so exhibited, came to be known as "motion pictures". Early motion pictures were Willow Movie Sword static Willow Movie Sword shots that showed an event or action with no Willow Movie Sword editing or other cinematic techniques.
Ignoring Dickson's early Willow Movie Sword sound experiments (1894), commercial motion pictures were purely visual art through the Willow Movie Sword late 19th century, but these Willow Movie Sword innovative silent films had Willow Movie Sword gained a hold on the public imagination. Around the turn of the twentieth century, films Willow Movie Sword began developing Willow Movie Sword a narrative structure by stringing scenes together to tell narratives. The scenes were later broken up into multiple shots of varying sizes and angles. Other Willow Movie Sword techniques such as camera movement were realized Willow Movie Sword as effective ways to portray a story on film. Rather than leave the audience in silence, theater owners would hire a pianist or organist or a full orchestra Willow Movie Sword to play Willow Movie Sword music Willow Movie Sword fitting the mood of the Willow Movie Sword film at any given moment. By the Willow Movie Sword early 1920s, most films came with a prepared list of sheet music for this purpose, with complete film scores being composed for major productions.
A shot from Georges Melies Le Voyage dans la Lune (A Trip Willow Movie Sword to the Moon) (1902), an early narrative film.
The rise of European cinema Willow Movie Sword was interrupted by the breakout of World War I while the film industry in United Willow Movie Sword States flourished with the rise of Hollywood. However in the 1920s, European filmmakers Willow Movie Sword such as Sergei Willow Movie Sword Eisenstein, F. W. Murnau, and Fritz Willow Movie Sword Lang, along with American innovator D. W. Willow Movie Sword Griffith and the contributions of Charles Chaplin, Buster Keaton and others, continued to advance the medium. Hoyts Movie Times In the 1920s, new technology allowed filmmakers to attach to each film a soundtrack of speech, Willow Movie Sword music and sound effects synchronized with the action on the screen. These sound Willow Movie Sword films were initially distinguished by calling them "talking pictures", or talkies.
The next major step in the development of cinema was the introduction of so-called "natural" color. While the addition of sound quickly eclipsed silent film and theater musicians, color Willow Movie Sword was adopted more gradually Willow Movie Sword as methods evolved making it more practical and cost effective to produce "natural Willow Movie Sword color" films. The public was Willow Movie Sword relatively indifferent to color photography as opposed Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc to black-and-white,[citation needed] but as color processes improved and became as affordable as black-and-white film, more and more Willow Movie Sword movies were filmed in color after the end of World Willow Movie Sword War II, as the industry in America came to view color as essential to attracting audiences in its competition with television, which remained a black-and-white Willow Movie Sword medium until the mid-1960s. By the end of the Willow Movie Sword 1960s, col
Since the decline of the studio system in the 1960s, the succeeding decades saw Willow Movie Sword changes in the production and style of film. New Hollywood, French Willow Movie Sword New Wave and the rise of film school educated independent filmmakers were all part of the changes the medium experienced in the latter Willow Movie Sword half of the 20th century. Digital technology has been the driving force in change throughout the 1990s and into the 21st century.
Theory
Main article: Film Willow Movie Sword theory
Film theory seeks to develop concise and systematic concepts that apply to Willow Movie Sword the study of film as art. It was Willow Movie Sword started by Ricciotto Canudo's The Birth of the Sixth Art. Formalist film theory, Willow Movie Sword led by Rudolf Arnheim, Bela Balazs, and Siegfried Kracauer, emphasized how film differed from reality, and thus could be considered Willow Movie Sword a valid fine art. Andre Bazin reacted against this theory by arguing that film's artistic essence lay in its ability to mechanically reproduce reality Willow Movie Sword not in its differences from Willow Movie Sword reality, and this gave rise to realist Willow Movie Sword theory. More recent analysis spurred by Lacan's psychoanalysis and Ferdinand de Saussure's semiotics among Willow Movie Sword other Willow Movie Sword things Willow Movie Sword has given rise Willow Movie Sword to psychoanalytical Willow Movie Sword film theory, structuralist Willow Movie Sword film theory, Willow Movie Sword feminist film theory and others.
Criticism
Main article: Film Willow Movie Sword criticism
Film criticism is Willow Movie Sword the analysis and evaluation of films. Willow Movie Sword In general, these works can be divided into two categories: academic criticism by film scholars and journalistic film criticism that appears regularly in newspapers and other media.
Film critics working for newspapers, magazines, and broadcast media mainly review new releases. Normally they only see any given Willow Movie Sword film once and have only a day or two to formulate opinions. Despite this, critics have an important Willow Movie Sword impact on films, especially those of certain genres. Mass Willow Movie Sword marketed Willow Movie Sword action, horror, and comedy films Willow Movie Sword tend not to be greatly affected by Willow Movie Sword a critic's overall judgment of a Willow Movie Sword film. The plot summary and description of a film that makes up the majority of any film review can still have Willow Movie Sword an important impact on whether people decide to see a film. For prestige films such as most dramas, the influence of reviews is extremely important. Poor reviews will often doom a film to obscurity Willow Movie Sword and financial loss.
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The impact of Willow Movie Sword a reviewer on a given film's box office performance is a matter Willow Movie Sword of Willow Movie Sword debate. Some claim that movie marketing is now so Willow Movie Sword intense and well financed that reviewers cannot make an impact against it. However, the cataclysmic failure of some heavily-promoted movies which were Willow Movie Sword harshly Willow Movie Sword reviewed, as well as the unexpected success of critically praised independent movies Willow Movie Sword indicates that extreme critical reactions can have considerable Willow Movie Sword influence. Willow Movie Sword Others note Willow Movie Sword that positive film reviews have been shown to spark Willow Movie Sword interest in little-known films. Conversely, there Willow Movie Sword have been several films in which film companies have so little confidence that Willow Movie Sword they refuse to Willow Movie Sword give reviewers an advanced viewing to avoid widespread panning of the film. However, this usually backfires as reviewers are wise to the tactic Willow Movie Sword and Willow Movie Sword warn the public that the film may not be worth seeing and the films often do Willow Movie Sword poorly as a result.
It is argued that journalist film critics should only be known as film reviewers, and true film critics Willow Movie Sword are those who take a Willow Movie Sword more academic approach to films. This line of work is more often known as film Willow Movie Sword theory Willow Movie Sword or film Willow Movie Sword studies. These film critics attempt to Willow Movie Sword come to understand how film and filming techniques work, and what effect they have on people. Rather than having Willow Movie Sword their works published in newspapers or appear on television, their articles are published in scholarly journals, or sometimes in up-market magazines. They also tend to be Willow Movie Sword affiliated with colleges Willow Movie Sword or universities.
Industry
Main Willow Movie Sword article: Film industry
The making and showing of motion pictures became a source of profit almost as soon as the process was invented. Upon seeing how successful their new invention, and its product, was in their native France, the Lumieres quickly set about touring the Continent to exhibit the first films Willow Movie Sword privately to royalty and publicly to the masses. In each country, they would normally add new, local scenes Willow Movie Sword to their catalogue and, quickly enough, found local entrepreneurs in the various countries of Europe to buy their equipment and photograph, export, import and screen additional product commercially. The Oberammergau Passion Play of 1898[citation needed] was the first commercial motion picture ever produced. Other pictures Willow Movie Sword soon followed, and motion pictures became a separate industry that overshadowed the vaudeville world. Dedicated theaters and companies formed specifically Willow Movie Sword to produce and distribute Willow Movie Sword films, while motion picture Willow Movie Sword actors became major Willow Movie Sword celebrities Willow Movie Sword and Willow Movie Sword commanded huge fees for their performances. Already by 1917, Charlie Chaplin had a contract Willow Movie Sword that called for an annual salary of one million dollars.
In the United States Willow Movie Sword today, much of the film industry is centered around Hollywood. Other Willow Movie Sword regional centers exist in many Willow Movie Sword parts of the world, Willow Movie Sword such as Mumbai-centered Bollywood, the Indian film industry's Hindi cinema which produces the largest number of films in the world.[1] Whether the ten thousand-plus feature length films a year produced by the Valley pornographic film industry should qualify for Willow Movie Sword this title is the source of some debate.[citation needed] Willow Movie Sword Though the expense involved in Willow Movie Sword making movies has led cinema production Willow Movie Sword to concentrate Willow Movie Sword under the auspices of movie Willow Movie Sword studios, recent advances Willow Movie Sword in affordable film making equipment have allowed Willow Movie Sword independent film productions to flourish.
Profit is Willow Movie Sword a key force in the Willow Movie Sword industry, due to Willow Movie Sword the costly and risky nature Willow Movie Sword of Willow Movie Sword filmmaking; Hentai Movie Downloads many films have large Willow Movie Sword cost overruns, a notorious example being Kevin Costner's Waterworld. Yet Willow Movie Sword many filmmakers strive to create works of lasting social significance. The Academy Awards Willow Movie Sword (also known as "the Oscars") are the most prominent film awards Willow Movie Sword in the United States, Willow Movie Sword providing recognition each year to films, ostensibly based on their artistic merits.
There is also a large industry for educational and instructional films made in lieu of or in addition to lectures and texts.
Preview
A preview performance refers to a showing of a movie to Willow Movie Sword a select audience, usually for the purposes Willow Movie Sword of corporate promotions, before the public film Willow Movie Sword premiere itself. Previews are sometimes used to judge audience Willow Movie Sword reaction, which if Willow Movie Sword unexpectedly negative, may result in recutting or even refilming certain Willow Movie Sword sections. (cf Audience Willow Movie Sword response.)
Trailer
Main article: Trailer (film)
Trailers or previews are film advertisements for films that will be exhibited in the future at a cinema, on whose screen they are shown. The Willow Movie Sword term "trailer" comes Willow Movie Sword from their having originally been shown at the end Willow Movie Sword of a film programme. That practice did not last long, because patrons tended to leave the theater Willow Movie Sword after the films ended, but the name has stuck. Willow Movie Sword Trailers Willow Movie Sword are now shown before the film (or the A Willow Movie Sword movie in a double feature program) begins.
The nature of the film determines the size and Willow Movie Sword type of crew required during filmmaking. Many Hollywood adventure films need computer generated imagery (CGI), created by dozens Willow Movie Sword of 3D modellers, animators, rotoscopers and compositors. However, a low-budget, independent film may be made Willow Movie Sword with a skeleton crew, often paid very little. Also, an Willow Movie Sword open source film may be produced through open, collaborative processes. Filmmaking takes place all Willow Movie Sword over the world using different technologies, styles of acting and genre, and is produced in a variety of economic contexts that Willow Movie Sword range from state-sponsored documentary in China to profit-oriented movie making within the American studio system.
This production Willow Movie Sword cycle typically takes three years. The first year is taken up with development. The second year comprises preproduction and production. The third year, post-production and distribution.
Crew
Main article: Film Willow Movie Sword crew
A film crew is a group of people hired by a film company, employed during the "production" or "photography" phase, for the purpose of producing a film or motion picture. Crew are distinguished from Watch The Movie Shortbus Online cast, the Willow Movie Sword actors who appear in front of the camera or provide voices for characters in the film. The crew interacts with but Willow Movie Sword is also distinct from Willow Movie Sword the Willow Movie Sword production staff, consisting of producers, managers, company representatives, their assistants, and those whose primary responsibility Willow Movie Sword falls in pre-production or post-production phases, Willow Movie Sword such as writers and editors. Communication between production and crew generally passes through the director and his/her staff of assistants. Medium-to-large crews are generally divided into departments with well defined hierarchies and standards for interaction and cooperation between the departments. Other than acting, the crew handles everything in the photography phase: props and costumes, shooting, sound, Willow Movie Sword electrics (i.e., lights), sets, and production special effects. Willow Movie Sword Caterers (known in the film industry as "craft services") are usually not considered part of the crew.
Technology
Film stock consists of transparent celluloid, Willow Movie Sword acetate, or polyester base coated with Willow Movie Sword an emulsion containing Willow Movie Sword light-sensitive chemicals. Cellulose nitrate was the first type of film base used to record motion Willow Movie Sword pictures, but due to its flammability was eventually replaced by safer materials. Stock widths and the film format for images on the reel have Willow Movie Sword had a rich history, though most large commercial films are still shot Willow Movie Sword on (and distributed to Willow Movie Sword theaters) as 35 mm prints.
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Originally moving picture film was shot and Willow Movie Sword projected at various speeds using hand-cranked cameras and projectors; though 1000 frames per minute (16? frame/s) is generally cited as a standard silent speed, research indicates most films were shot between 16 frame/s and 23 frame/s and projected from 18 frame/s on up (often reels Willow Movie Sword included Willow Movie Sword instructions on how Frankenstein Movie With Gene Wilder fast each scene should be shown) Willow Movie Sword [1]. When sound film Willow Movie Sword was introduced in the late 1920s, a constant speed was Willow Movie Sword required for the sound head. 24 frames per second was chosen because it was the slowest (and thus cheapest) speed which allowed for sufficient sound quality. Improvements Willow Movie Sword since the late 19th century include the mechanization of cameras � allowing them Willow Movie Sword to record at a consistent speed, quiet camera design � allowing sound recorded on-set to be usable without requiring large "blimps" to encase Willow Movie Sword the camera, the invention of more sophisticated filmstocks and lenses, allowing directors to film in increasingly dim conditions, and the development of synchronized sound, allowing sound Willow Movie Sword to be Willow Movie Sword recorded at exactly Willow Movie Sword the same speed as its Willow Movie Sword corresponding action. The soundtrack can be recorded separately Willow Movie Sword from Willow Movie Sword shooting the film, but for live-action pictures many parts of the Willow Movie Sword soundtrack are usually recorded Willow Movie Sword simultaneously.
As a medium, film is not limited to motion pictures, since the technology developed as the basis for photography. It can be used to present a progressive sequence Willow Movie Sword of still images Willow Movie Sword in the form of a slideshow. Film has also been incorporated into Willow Movie Sword multimedia presentations, and often has importance as primary historical documentation. However, historic films have problems in terms of preservation and storage, and the motion picture industry is exploring Willow Movie Sword many Willow Movie Sword alternatives. Most movies on cellulose nitrate base Sid And Nancy Movie have Willow Movie Sword been copied onto modern safety films. Some Willow Movie Sword studios Willow Movie Sword save color films Willow Movie Sword through the use of separation masters � three B&W negatives each exposed through red, green, or blue filters (essentially a reverse of the Technicolor process). Digital methods have also been used to restore films, Willow Movie Sword although their continued obsolescence Willow Movie Sword cycle makes them (as of 2006) a poor choice for long-term preservation. Film preservation of decaying film stock is a matter of concern to both film historians and archivists, Pirates X Movie Clips and to companies interested Movie Loops For Your Videos in preserving their existing products in order to Willow Movie Sword make them available to future generations (and thereby increase Willow Movie Sword revenue). Preservation is generally a Willow Movie Sword higher-concern for nitrate and single-strip color films, due Willow Movie Sword to Willow Movie Sword their high decay rates; Willow Movie Sword black and white films on Willow Movie Sword safety bases and color films preserved on Technicolor imbibition prints tend to keep up much better, assuming proper handling and Willow Movie Sword storage.
Some films in recent decades have been recorded Willow Movie Sword using analog video Willow Movie Sword technology similar to that used in television production. Modern digital video Willow Movie Sword cameras and digital projectors Willow Movie Sword are gaining ground as well. These approaches are extremely beneficial to moviemakers, especially because footage can be evaluated and edited without waiting for the film Willow Movie Sword stock to be processed. Yet the migration is gradual, Willow Movie Sword and as of 2005 most major motion Willow Movie Sword pictures are still recorded on film.
Independent
Main article: Independent film
The Lumiere Brothers
Independent filmmaking often takes place outside of Hollywood, or other major studio systems. An independent film (or indie film) is Willow Movie Sword a film initially produced without Willow Movie Sword financing Willow Movie Sword or distribution from a major movie studio. Creative, business, and technological reasons have Willow Movie Sword all contributed to the growth of the indie film scene in the late 20th and early 21st century.
On the business side, the costs of big-budget studio films also leads to conservative choices in cast and crew. There is a trend in Hollywood towards co-financing (over two-thirds of the films put out by Warner Bros. in 2000 were joint ventures, up from 10% in 1987).[2] A hopeful director is almost never given the opportunity to get a job on a big-budget studio film unless he or she has Willow Movie Sword significant industry experience in film or television. Also, the studios rarely produce films with unknown actors, particularly in lead roles.
Before the advent of digital alternatives, Willow Movie Sword the cost of professional film equipment and stock was also a hurdle to being able to produce, Willow Movie Sword direct, or star in a traditional Willow Movie Sword studio Willow Movie Sword film. Willow Movie Sword The cost of 35 mm film is outpacing inflation: in 2002 alone, film negative costs were up 23%, according to Variety.[2].
But the advent of consumer camcorders in Movie Poster The Savage 1985, and more importantly, the Willow Movie Sword arrival of high-resolution digital video in Willow Movie Sword the early 1990s, have lowered the technology barrier to Willow Movie Sword movie Willow Movie Sword production significantly. Both production Willow Movie Sword and post-production costs have been Willow Movie Sword significantly lowered; today, the hardware and software for Willow Movie Sword post-production can be installed in a commodity-based personal computer. Technologies such as DVDs, FireWire connections and non-linear editing system pro-level software like Adobe Premiere Pro, Sony Vegas and Apple's Final Cut Pro, and consumer level software such Willow Movie Sword as Apple's Final Cut Express and iMovie Willow Movie Sword make movie-making relatively inexpensive.
Since the introduction of DV technology, the means of production have become more democratized. Willow Movie Sword Filmmakers can conceivably shoot and edit a movie, create and edit the sound Willow Movie Sword and music, and Willow Movie Sword mix the final cut on a home computer. However, Willow Movie Sword while the means of production may be democratized, financing, distribution, and marketing remain difficult Willow Movie Sword to accomplish outside the traditional system. Most independent filmmakers rely on film festivals to get Willow Movie Sword their films noticed and sold for distribution. The arrival of internet-based video outlets such as YouTube and Veoh has further changed the film making landscape in ways that Willow Movie Sword are still to Willow Movie Sword be determined.
Open content film
Main article: Open content film
An open content film is much like an independent film, Willow Movie Sword but it is produced through open collaborations; its source material is available Willow Movie Sword under a license which is permissive enough to allow other parties to create fan fiction or derivative works, than a traditional copyright. Like independent filmmaking, open source Willow Movie Sword filmmaking takes place outside of Hollywood, or other major studio systems.
Fan film
Main article: Fan film
A fan film is a Willow Movie Sword film or video inspired by a film, television program, comic book or a similar source, Willow Movie Sword created by fans rather than by the source's copyright holders or creators. Fan filmmakers have traditionally been amateurs, but some of the more notable films have actually been produced by professional filmmakers as film school class projects or as demonstration reels. Fan films vary tremendously in length, from short faux-teaser trailers for non-existent motion pictures to rarer full-length motion pictures
Animation is the technique in which each frame of a film is produced individually, whether generated Willow Movie Sword as a computer graphic, or by photographing a drawn Willow Movie Sword image, or by repeatedly Willow Movie Sword making small changes to a model unit (see claymation and stop motion), and then photographing Willow Movie Sword the result with Willow Movie Sword a special animation camera. When the frames are strung together and the resulting film is viewed at a speed of 16 or more frames per second, there is an illusion of continuous movement (due to the persistence of vision). Generating Willow Movie Sword such a film is very labour intensive Willow Movie Sword and tedious, though the development of computer animation has greatly sped up the process.
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File formats like GIF, QuickTime, Shockwave and Flash allow animation to be viewed on a computer or over the Internet.
Because animation is very time-consuming and often very expensive to produce, the majority of animation for TV and movies Willow Movie Sword comes from professional animation studios. However, the field of Willow Movie Sword independent animation has existed Thebigguy Movie Cam Releases at least since Willow Movie Sword the 1950s, with animation being Willow Movie Sword produced by independent studios (and sometimes by Willow Movie Sword a single person). Several Willow Movie Sword independent animation producers have gone on to enter the professional Willow Movie Sword animation industry.
Limited animation is a way of increasing production and decreasing costs of animation by using "short cuts" in the animation process. This method was pioneered by UPA and popularized by Hanna-Barbera, and adapted by other studios as cartoons moved from movie theaters to television.[3]
Although most Willow Movie Sword animation studios are now Willow Movie Sword using digital technologies in their productions, there is a specific style of animation that depends on film. Cameraless animation, made famous by moviemakers Willow Movie Sword like Norman Willow Movie Sword McLaren, Len Lye and Stan Brakhage, is painted and drawn Willow Movie Sword directly onto pieces of film, and then Willow Movie Sword run through a projector.
Venues
When it is initially produced, a feature film Willow Movie Sword is often Willow Movie Sword shown to audiences in a Willow Movie Sword movie theater or cinema. The first theater designed exclusively for Willow Movie Sword cinema opened in Willow Movie Sword Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Willow Movie Sword in 1905.[4] Thousands of such theaters were built Willow Movie Sword or converted Willow Movie Sword from existing facilities within a few years.[5] In the United States, these theaters came to be known as Willow Movie Sword nickelodeons, because admission Willow Movie Sword typically cost a nickel (five cents).
Typically, one film is the featured presentation (or feature film). Before the 1970s, there were "double features"; typically, a high quality "A Willow Movie Sword picture" rented by an independent theater for a lump sum, and a "B picture" of lower quality rented for a percentage of the Willow Movie Sword gross receipts. Today, the bulk of the material shown before the feature film consists of previews for Willow Movie Sword upcoming movies and paid advertisements Willow Movie Sword (also known as trailers or "The Twenty").
Historically, all mass marketed feature films were made to be shown in movie theaters. The development of television has allowed films to be broadcast to larger Willow Movie Sword audiences, usually Willow Movie Sword after the film is no longer being shown in theaters. Recording technology has also enabled consumers to rent or buy copies of films on VHS or DVD (and the older formats of laserdisc, VCD Willow Movie Sword and SelectaVision � see also videodisc), and Internet downloads may be available and have started to become revenue sources for the Willow Movie Sword film companies. Some films are now made specifically for these other venues, being released as made-for-TV movies Willow Movie Sword or direct-to-video movies. The production values on these films are often considered to be of inferior quality compared to theatrical releases in similar Willow Movie Sword genres, and indeed, some Willow Movie Sword films that are rejected by their own studios upon completion are distributed through these markets.
The movie theater pays an average of Willow Movie Sword about 50-55% of its ticket sales to the movie studio, as film rental fees.[6] The actual Willow Movie Sword percentage Willow Movie Sword starts Willow Movie Sword with a number higher than that, and decreases as the duration of a film's showing continues, as an incentive Willow Movie Sword to theaters to keep movies in the theater longer. However, today's barrage of highly marketed movies ensures that Willow Movie Sword most Willow Movie Sword movies are shown in first-run theaters for less than 8 weeks. There are a few movies Willow Movie Sword every year that defy this rule, often limited-release movies that start in only a few theaters and actually grow their theater count through good word-of-mouth and reviews. Willow Movie Sword According to a 2000 study by ABN AMRO, about 26% of Hollywood Willow Movie Sword movie studios' worldwide income came from box office ticket sales; 46% came Willow Movie Sword from VHS Willow Movie Sword and DVD sales to Willow Movie Sword consumers; and 28% came from television (broadcast, cable, and pay-per-view).[6]
Future state
While motion picture Willow Movie Sword films have been around for more than Willow Movie Sword a century, film is Willow Movie Sword still a relative newcomer in the Willow Movie Sword pantheon of fine arts. In the 1950s, when television became widely available, industry analysts predicted Willow Movie Sword the demise of local movie theaters. Despite Willow Movie Sword competition from television's Willow Movie Sword increasing technological sophistication over the 1960s and 1970s, such as the development of color television and large screens, motion picture cinemas continued. In Willow Movie Sword the 1980s, when the widespread availability of Willow Movie Sword inexpensive videocassette recorders enabled people to select films for home viewing, industry analysts again wrongly predicted Willow Movie Sword the death of the local cinemas.
In the 1990s and 2000s the development of Willow Movie Sword digital DVD players, home theater amplification systems with surround sound and subwoofers, and large LCD or plasma screens enabled people to select and view films at home with greatly improved audio and visual reproduction. These new Willow Movie Sword technologies provided Willow Movie Sword audio and visual that in the past only Willow Movie Sword local cinemas Willow Movie Sword had been able to provide: Willow Movie Sword a Willow Movie Sword large, clear widescreen presentation of a film with a full-range, high-quality multi-speaker sound system. Once again industry analysts predicted the demise of the local cinema. Local cinemas will be changing in the 2000s and moving towards digital screens, Willow Movie Sword a new approach which will allow for easier and quicker distribution of films (via satellite or hard disks), a development which may give local theaters a reprieve Western Town Movie Set Designer from their predicted demise.
The cinema now faces a new challenge from home Willow Movie Sword video by the likes of a new DVD format Blu-ray, Willow Movie Sword which can provide full Willow Movie Sword HD 1080p video playback at near cinema quality. Video formats are Willow Movie Sword gradually catching up with the resolutions and quality that film Willow Movie Sword offers, 1080p in Blu-ray offers a Willow Movie Sword pixel resolution of 1920?1080 a leap from the DVD offering of 720?480 and the paltry 330?480 offered by the first home video standard VHS. Willow Movie Sword The maximum resolutions that film currently offers are 2485?2970 or 1420?3390, UHD, a future Willow Movie Sword digital video Willow Movie Sword format, will offer a massive resolution of Willow Movie Sword 7680?4320, Willow Movie Sword surpassing all current film resolutions. Willow Movie Sword The only viable competitor to these new innovations is IMAX which can play film content at an extreme 10000?7000 resolution.
Despite the rise of all new technologies, the development of the home video Willow Movie Sword market and a surge of online piracy, 2007 was a record year in film that showed the highest Willow Movie Sword ever box-office grosses. Many expected Willow Movie Sword film to suffer as a result of the effects listed above but Willow Movie Sword it has flourished, strengthening film studio expectations for the future. |
