Film is a term that encompasses individual motion pictures, the field of film as an art form, and the motion picture industry. Films are produced by recording images from the world with cameras, or by creating images using animation techniques or special effects.
Films are cultural artifacts created by specific cultures, which reflect those cultures, and, in turn, affect them. Film New Gi Joe Movie is considered to be an important art form, a source of popular entertainment and a powerful method for educating � or indoctrinating � citizens. The visual elements of cinema gives motion pictures a universal power of communication. Some New Gi Joe Movie films have become popular worldwide attractions New Gi Joe Movie by New Gi Joe Movie using dubbing or subtitles that translate the dialogue.
Traditional films are made up New Gi Joe Movie of a series of individual images called New Gi Joe Movie frames. When these images are shown rapidly in succession, a viewer New Gi Joe Movie has the illusion that motion is occurring. The viewer cannot see the flickering between frames due New Gi Joe Movie to an effect known as persistence of vision, whereby the eye retains a
The origin of the name "film" comes New Gi Joe Movie from the fact that photographic film (also called film stock) had historically been the primary medium for recording and displaying motion pictures. Many other terms New Gi Joe Movie exist for an individual motion picture, including picture, picture show, photo-play, flick, and most New Gi Joe Movie commonly, movie. Additional terms for the field in general include the big screen, the silver screen, the cinema, and the movies.In the 1860s, mechanisms for producing artificially created, two-dimensional images in New Gi Joe Movie motion were demonstrated with devices such New Gi Joe Movie as New Gi Joe Movie the zoetrope and the praxinoscope. These machines were outgrowths of simple optical devices (such as magic lanterns) and would display sequences of still New Gi Joe Movie pictures at sufficient speed for the images on the New Gi Joe Movie pictures to appear to be New Gi Joe Movie moving, a phenomenon called persistence New Gi Joe Movie of vision. Naturally, the images needed to be carefully designed to achieve the New Gi Joe Movie desired effect � and the underlying principle became the basis for the development New Gi Joe Movie of film animation.
A frame from Roundhay Garden Scene, the world's earliest film, by Louis Le Prince, 1888
With New Gi Joe Movie the development of celluloid film for still photography, it became possible to directly capture objects New Gi Joe Movie in motion in New Gi Joe Movie real time. New Gi Joe Movie Early versions of the technology sometimes required a person to look into a viewing machine to see the pictures which were separate New Gi Joe Movie paper prints attached to a drum turned by a handcrank. New Gi Joe Movie The pictures were shown New Gi Joe Movie at New Gi Joe Movie a New Gi Joe Movie variable speed New Gi Joe Movie of about 5 to 10 pictures per second depending on how rapidly the crank was turned. Some of these machines were coin operated. By the 1880s, the development of the motion picture camera allowed the individual component images to be captured and stored on a single reel, and led quickly to the development of a motion picture projector to shine light through the processed and printed film and magnify these "moving picture shows" onto a screen for an entire audience. These reels, New Gi Joe Movie so exhibited, came to be known as "motion pictures". Early motion pictures were static shots that showed an event or action with no editing or other cinematic techniques.
Ignoring New Gi Joe Movie Dickson's early sound experiments (1894), commercial New Gi Joe Movie motion pictures were purely visual art through the late 19th century, but these innovative silent films had New Gi Joe Movie gained a hold on the public New Gi Joe Movie imagination. Around the turn of the New Gi Joe Movie twentieth century, films began developing a narrative structure by stringing scenes New Gi Joe Movie together New Gi Joe Movie to tell narratives. The scenes were later broken up into multiple shots of varying sizes and angles. Other techniques such as camera movement were realized as effective ways to portray New Gi Joe Movie a story on film. Rather than New Gi Joe Movie leave the New Gi Joe Movie audience in silence, theater owners would hire a pianist or organist New Gi Joe Movie or a full orchestra to play music fitting the mood New Gi Joe Movie of New Gi Joe Movie the film at any given moment. By the early 1920s, most films came with a prepared list of sheet New Gi Joe Movie music for this purpose, with complete film scores being New Gi Joe Movie composed for major productions.
A shot from Georges Melies Le Voyage dans la Lune (A Trip to the New Gi Joe Movie Moon) (1902), an early narrative film.
The rise of European cinema was interrupted by the breakout of New Gi Joe Movie World New Gi Joe Movie War I while the film industry in United States flourished with the rise of Hollywood. However in the 1920s, European filmmakers such as Sergei Eisenstein, F. W. Murnau, and Fritz Lang, along with American innovator D. W. Griffith and the contributions of Charles New Gi Joe Movie Chaplin, Buster Keaton and others, continued to advance the medium. In the 1920s, new technology allowed filmmakers to New Gi Joe Movie attach to each film a soundtrack of speech, New Gi Joe Movie music and sound effects synchronized with New Gi Joe Movie the New Gi Joe Movie action on the screen. These sound New Gi Joe Movie films were initially distinguished by calling them "talking pictures", or talkies.
The next major step in the development of cinema was the introduction of so-called "natural" color. While the New Gi Joe Movie addition New Gi Joe Movie of sound quickly eclipsed silent film and theater musicians, color was adopted more gradually as methods evolved making it more practical and cost New Gi Joe Movie effective to produce "natural New Gi Joe Movie color" films. Thebigguy Movie Cam Releases The New Gi Joe Movie public was relatively indifferent to color photography as opposed to black-and-white,[citation needed] but as color processes improved and became as affordable as black-and-white film, more and more movies were filmed in color after New Gi Joe Movie the end of World War II, as the industry in America came to view color as essential to attracting audiences in its competition with television, which remained a black-and-white medium until the mid-1960s. By the end of the New Gi Joe Movie 1960s, col
Since the decline of the studio system in the 1960s, the succeeding decades New Gi Joe Movie saw changes in the production and style of film. New Hollywood, French New Wave and the rise of film school New Gi Joe Movie educated independent filmmakers were all part of the changes the medium experienced in the latter New Gi Joe Movie half New Gi Joe Movie of the 20th century. Digital New Gi Joe Movie technology has been the driving force in change throughout New Gi Joe Movie the 1990s and into the 21st century.
Theory
Main New Gi Joe Movie article: Film theory
Film theory seeks to develop concise and systematic concepts that apply to the study of film as art. It was started New Gi Joe Movie by Ricciotto Canudo's The Birth of the New Gi Joe Movie Sixth Art. Formalist film theory, led by New Gi Joe Movie Rudolf Arnheim, New Gi Joe Movie Bela Balazs, and Siegfried Kracauer, New Gi Joe Movie emphasized how film differed from reality, and thus could be considered a valid fine art. Andre New Gi Joe Movie Bazin reacted against this theory New Gi Joe Movie by arguing New Gi Joe Movie that New Gi Joe Movie film's artistic essence lay in its ability to mechanically New Gi Joe Movie reproduce reality not in its differences from reality, and this gave rise to realist theory. More recent analysis spurred by Lacan's psychoanalysis and Ferdinand de Saussure's semiotics New Gi Joe Movie among other things has given rise to psychoanalytical film theory, structuralist film theory, feminist film theory and others.
Criticism
Main article: Film criticism
Film criticism is New Gi Joe Movie the analysis and evaluation of films. In general, these works New Gi Joe Movie can New Gi Joe Movie be divided into two categories: academic criticism by film scholars and journalistic film criticism that appears regularly in newspapers and other media.
Film critics working for newspapers, magazines, and broadcast media mainly review new releases. Normally they only see any given film once and have only a day or two to formulate opinions. Despite this, critics have an important impact on films, especially those New Gi Joe Movie of New Gi Joe Movie certain genres. Mass marketed action, horror, New Gi Joe Movie and comedy films tend not to be greatly affected by a critic's overall judgment of a film. The plot summary and description of a film that makes up the majority of any film New Gi Joe Movie review can still New Gi Joe Movie have New Gi Joe Movie an important impact New Gi Joe Movie on New Gi Joe Movie whether people decide to see a New Gi Joe Movie film. For prestige films such New Gi Joe Movie as most dramas, the influence of reviews is extremely important. Poor reviews will often doom a film to obscurity and financial loss.
The New Gi Joe Movie impact of a reviewer on a given film's box office performance is a matter of debate. Some claim that movie marketing is now so intense and New Gi Joe Movie well financed that reviewers cannot make New Gi Joe Movie an impact against it. However, the cataclysmic failure of New Gi Joe Movie some heavily-promoted movies which were harshly reviewed, as well New Gi Joe Movie as the unexpected success of critically praised independent movies indicates that extreme critical reactions can have considerable New Gi Joe Movie influence. Others note that positive New Gi Joe Movie film reviews have been shown to spark interest in little-known films. Conversely, there have been several New Gi Joe Movie films in New Gi Joe Movie which film companies Western Town Movie Set Designer have so little confidence that they refuse to give reviewers an advanced viewing to avoid widespread panning of the film. However, this usually backfires as reviewers are wise to New Gi Joe Movie the tactic and warn the public that the film may not be worth seeing and the New Gi Joe Movie films often New Gi Joe Movie do poorly as a result.
It is argued that journalist film critics New Gi Joe Movie should only be known as film reviewers, and true film New Gi Joe Movie critics are those who take a more academic approach to films. This line of New Gi Joe Movie work is more often known as film theory or film studies. These film critics attempt to come to understand how film and filming techniques work, and what effect New Gi Joe Movie they have on New Gi Joe Movie people. Rather than having their works published in newspapers or appear on television, their articles are published in scholarly journals, or sometimes in New Gi Joe Movie up-market New Gi Joe Movie magazines. New Gi Joe Movie They also tend New Gi Joe Movie to be affiliated New Gi Joe Movie with colleges or universities.
Industry
Main article: Film industry
The making and showing of motion pictures became a source of profit almost as New Gi Joe Movie soon as the process was invented. New Gi Joe Movie Upon New Gi Joe Movie seeing how successful their new invention, and its product, was in New Gi Joe Movie their native France, the Lumieres quickly set about touring the Continent to exhibit the first New Gi Joe Movie films privately to royalty and publicly to the New Gi Joe Movie masses. In each country, they would normally add new, local scenes New Gi Joe Movie to New Gi Joe Movie their catalogue and, quickly enough, found local entrepreneurs New Gi Joe Movie in the various New Gi Joe Movie countries of Willow Movie Sword Europe to buy their equipment and photograph, export, import and screen additional product commercially. The Oberammergau Passion Play of 1898[citation needed] was the first commercial New Gi Joe Movie motion picture ever produced. Other pictures soon followed, and motion pictures became a separate industry that overshadowed the vaudeville world. Dedicated theaters and companies formed specifically to produce and distribute films, while motion picture actors became major celebrities and commanded huge fees New Gi Joe Movie for their performances. Already by 1917, Charlie Chaplin had New Gi Joe Movie a contract that called for an annual salary of one million dollars.
In the United States today, much New Gi Joe Movie of the film industry is centered around New Gi Joe Movie Hollywood. Other regional centers New Gi Joe Movie exist in many New Gi Joe Movie parts of the world, Transatlantic Movie such as Mumbai-centered Bollywood, the Indian film industry's New Gi Joe Movie Hindi cinema which produces the largest number of films in the world.[1] Whether the ten thousand-plus feature length New Gi Joe Movie films a year Movie The Rock produced New Gi Joe Movie by the Valley pornographic film industry should qualify for this title is the source of some New Gi Joe Movie debate.[citation needed] Though the expense involved in making movies has New Gi Joe Movie led cinema production to New Gi Joe Movie concentrate under New Gi Joe Movie the auspices of New Gi Joe Movie movie studios, recent advances in affordable film making equipment have allowed independent New Gi Joe Movie film productions to flourish.
Profit is a New Gi Joe Movie key force in the industry, due to New Gi Joe Movie the costly and risky nature of filmmaking; many films have large cost overruns, a New Gi Joe Movie notorious example being Kevin Costner's Waterworld. Yet many filmmakers strive to create works of lasting social New Gi Joe Movie significance. The New Gi Joe Movie Academy Awards (also known as "the Oscars") are the most prominent film awards in the United States, providing recognition each year to films, ostensibly based on their New Gi Joe Movie artistic merits.
There is also a large industry for educational and instructional films New Gi Joe Movie made in lieu of or in addition to lectures and texts.
Preview
A preview performance refers to a showing of a movie to a select audience, usually for the purposes of corporate promotions, before the public film premiere itself. Previews are sometimes used to judge audience reaction, which if unexpectedly negative, New Gi Joe Movie may result New Gi Joe Movie in New Gi Joe Movie recutting or even refilming certain sections. New Gi Joe Movie (cf New Gi Joe Movie Audience response.)
Trailer
Main article: Trailer (film)
Trailers or previews are film advertisements for films that will be exhibited in the future at a cinema, on whose screen they are shown. The term New Gi Joe Movie "trailer" comes from their having originally been shown at the end of a film programme. That practice did not last long, because patrons tended to leave the theater after the films ended, but the name has stuck. Trailers are New Gi Joe Movie now New Gi Joe Movie shown before the film (or New Gi Joe Movie the A movie in a double feature program) New Gi Joe Movie begins.
The nature of the film determines the size and type of New Gi Joe Movie crew required during filmmaking. Many Hollywood adventure films New Gi Joe Movie need New Gi Joe Movie computer generated imagery New Gi Joe Movie (CGI), created by dozens of New Gi Joe Movie 3D modellers, animators, New Gi Joe Movie rotoscopers and compositors. However, a low-budget, independent film may be made with a skeleton crew, often paid very little. Also, an open source film may be produced through open, collaborative processes. Filmmaking takes place all over the world New Gi Joe Movie using different technologies, styles of acting and genre, and is New Gi Joe Movie produced in a variety of economic contexts New Gi Joe Movie that range from state-sponsored documentary in China to profit-oriented movie making within the American studio system.
This production cycle typically takes New Gi Joe Movie three New Gi Joe Movie years. The first year is taken up New Gi Joe Movie with development. The New Gi Joe Movie second year comprises preproduction and production. The third year, New Gi Joe Movie post-production and distribution.
Crew
Main article: Film crew
A film crew is a New Gi Joe Movie group of people hired by New Gi Joe Movie a film New Gi Joe Movie company, employed New Gi Joe Movie during the "production" New Gi Joe Movie or "photography" phase, for the purpose of New Gi Joe Movie producing a film or motion picture. Crew are Quiz About The Movie Shrek distinguished from cast, the actors who appear New Gi Joe Movie in front of New Gi Joe Movie the camera or New Gi Joe Movie provide voices for New Gi Joe Movie characters in the film. The New Gi Joe Movie crew New Gi Joe Movie interacts with New Gi Joe Movie but is also distinct from the production staff, consisting of producers, managers, company representatives, their assistants, New Gi Joe Movie and those whose New Gi Joe Movie primary responsibility falls in pre-production or post-production phases, such New Gi Joe Movie as writers and New Gi Joe Movie editors. Communication between production and crew generally passes through the director and his/her staff of assistants. Medium-to-large crews are generally divided into departments with New Gi Joe Movie well defined hierarchies and New Gi Joe Movie standards for interaction New Gi Joe Movie and cooperation between the departments. Other than acting, the crew handles everything in the photography phase: props and costumes, shooting, New Gi Joe Movie sound, electrics (i.e., lights), sets, and New Gi Joe Movie production special effects. Caterers (known in the film industry as "craft services") are usually not considered New Gi Joe Movie part of the crew.
Technology
Film stock consists of transparent celluloid, acetate, or polyester base coated with an emulsion containing light-sensitive chemicals. Cellulose nitrate was the first type New Gi Joe Movie of film base used to record motion pictures, but due to its flammability was eventually New Gi Joe Movie replaced by safer materials. Stock New Gi Joe Movie widths and the New Gi Joe Movie film format for images on the reel have had a rich history, though most large commercial films are still shot on (and distributed to theaters) as 35 mm prints.
Originally moving New Gi Joe Movie picture film was shot and projected at various speeds using hand-cranked cameras and projectors; though 1000 frames per minute (16? frame/s) is generally cited as a standard silent speed, research indicates most films were shot between 16 frame/s and 23 frame/s and projected from 18 frame/s on up (often reels included instructions on New Gi Joe Movie how fast each scene should New Gi Joe Movie be shown) [1]. When sound New Gi Joe Movie film was Wav Movie Sound Bites introduced in the late 1920s, a constant speed was required New Gi Joe Movie for the sound head. 24 frames per second was chosen because it was the slowest (and thus cheapest) speed which allowed for sufficient New Gi Joe Movie sound quality. Improvements since the late 19th century include the mechanization of cameras � allowing them to record at a consistent New Gi Joe Movie speed, quiet New Gi Joe Movie camera design � allowing sound recorded on-set to be usable without requiring large "blimps" to encase New Gi Joe Movie the New Gi Joe Movie camera, the invention of more sophisticated filmstocks and lenses, allowing New Gi Joe Movie directors New Gi Joe Movie to film in New Gi Joe Movie increasingly dim conditions, and the development of synchronized sound, allowing sound to be recorded at exactly the same speed as its corresponding action. The New Gi Joe Movie soundtrack can be recorded separately from shooting the film, but for live-action pictures many parts of the soundtrack are usually recorded simultaneously.
As New Gi Joe Movie a medium, film is not limited to motion New Gi Joe Movie pictures, since the technology developed as the basis for photography. It can be used to present a progressive sequence of still images in the form of a slideshow. Film has also been incorporated into multimedia presentations, and often has importance as primary historical documentation. However, historic films have problems in terms of preservation and storage, New Gi Joe Movie and the New Gi Joe Movie motion picture industry is exploring many alternatives. Most movies on cellulose nitrate base have been copied onto modern safety films. Some studios save color films through the use of separation masters � New Gi Joe Movie three B&W negatives each exposed through red, green, or blue filters (essentially New Gi Joe Movie a reverse of the Technicolor New Gi Joe Movie process). Digital methods have also been used to restore films, although their continued obsolescence cycle makes them (as of 2006) New Gi Joe Movie a New Gi Joe Movie poor choice for long-term preservation. Film preservation of decaying film stock is New Gi Joe Movie a matter of concern to both film historians and archivists, and to companies New Gi Joe Movie interested in preserving their existing products in order to make them available to future generations (and thereby increase New Gi Joe Movie revenue). New Gi Joe Movie Preservation is generally a higher-concern for nitrate and single-strip color films, due to their high decay rates; black and New Gi Joe Movie white films on safety bases and color films preserved on Technicolor imbibition prints tend to keep up much better, assuming proper handling and New Gi Joe Movie storage.
Some films in recent decades New Gi Joe Movie have been recorded using analog video technology similar to that used in New Gi Joe Movie television production. Modern digital video cameras and digital projectors are gaining ground as well. These approaches are extremely beneficial to moviemakers, especially because footage New Gi Joe Movie can be evaluated and New Gi Joe Movie edited without waiting New Gi Joe Movie for the film stock to be processed. Yet the migration is gradual, and as of 2005 most major motion pictures are still recorded on film.
Independent
Main article: Independent film
The Lumiere New Gi Joe Movie Brothers
Independent filmmaking often takes place outside of New Gi Joe Movie Hollywood, or other major studio systems. An independent film (or New Gi Joe Movie indie film) is a film initially produced without financing or distribution from New Gi Joe Movie a New Gi Joe Movie major movie studio. New Gi Joe Movie Creative, New Gi Joe Movie business, and technological reasons have all contributed to the growth of New Gi Joe Movie the indie New Gi Joe Movie film scene in the late 20th and early 21st century.
On the business side, the costs of big-budget studio films also leads to conservative New Gi Joe Movie choices in cast and crew. There is a trend in Hollywood New Gi Joe Movie towards co-financing (over two-thirds of the films put out by Warner Bros. in New Gi Joe Movie 2000 were joint ventures, up New Gi Joe Movie from 10% in New Gi Joe Movie 1987).[2] A hopeful director is New Gi Joe Movie almost never given the opportunity New Gi Joe Movie to get a New Gi Joe Movie job on New Gi Joe Movie a big-budget studio film unless he or she has significant industry New Gi Joe Movie experience in film or television. Also, the studios rarely New Gi Joe Movie produce New Gi Joe Movie films with New Gi Joe Movie unknown actors, particularly New Gi Joe Movie in lead roles.
Before New Gi Joe Movie the advent of digital alternatives, the cost of professional film equipment and stock was also a New Gi Joe Movie hurdle to being able to produce, direct, or star in a New Gi Joe Movie traditional studio film. The New Gi Joe Movie cost of 35 mm film is outpacing inflation: in 2002 alone, film negative costs were up 23%, according to Variety.[2].
But the advent of consumer camcorders in 1985, and more importantly, the arrival of New Gi Joe Movie high-resolution digital video in the early 1990s, have lowered the technology barrier to movie production New Gi Joe Movie significantly. Both production and post-production costs have been significantly lowered; today, the hardware and software for post-production can be installed in a New Gi Joe Movie commodity-based personal computer. Technologies such as DVDs, FireWire connections and non-linear editing system pro-level software like Adobe Premiere Pro, Sony Vegas New Gi Joe Movie and Apple's Final Cut Pro, and consumer level software such as Apple's Final Cut Express and iMovie make movie-making relatively inexpensive.
Since the introduction of DV technology, the means of production have become New Gi Joe Movie more democratized. Filmmakers can conceivably shoot and edit a movie, create and edit the sound and music, and mix the final cut on a home computer. However, while the means New Gi Joe Movie of production may be democratized, financing, distribution, and marketing remain difficult to accomplish outside New Gi Joe Movie the New Gi Joe Movie traditional system. Most independent filmmakers rely on film New Gi Joe Movie festivals to get their films noticed and sold for distribution. New Gi Joe Movie The New Gi Joe Movie arrival of internet-based video outlets such as YouTube and Veoh has further changed the film making landscape in ways that are still to be determined.
Open content film
Main article: Open content film
An open content film is much like an independent film, but New Gi Joe Movie it is produced through open collaborations; its source material is available under New Gi Joe Movie a license which is permissive enough to allow other parties to create fan fiction or derivative works, than a traditional copyright. San Francisco Ca Movie Star Sighting Like New Gi Joe Movie independent filmmaking, open source filmmaking takes place outside of Hollywood, or other New Gi Joe Movie The Movie The Story Of O major studio systems.
Fan film
Main article: Fan film
A fan film is a New Gi Joe Movie film or video inspired by a film, television program, comic book or a similar source, created by fans rather than by the source's copyright holders or creators. Fan filmmakers have traditionally been amateurs, but New Gi Joe Movie some of the more notable films have actually been produced by professional filmmakers as New Gi Joe Movie film school class projects or as demonstration reels. New Gi Joe Movie Fan films vary tremendously in length, from short faux-teaser trailers New Gi Joe Movie for non-existent motion pictures to rarer full-length motion pictures
Animation is the technique in which each frame of a film is produced individually, whether generated as a New Gi Joe Movie computer graphic, or by photographing a Projector Map Movie In 3d Max drawn image, or by repeatedly making small changes to New Gi Joe Movie a model unit (see claymation and stop motion), and then photographing the result with a special animation camera. When the frames are strung together and the resulting film is viewed at a speed of 16 or more frames per second, New Gi Joe Movie there is an illusion of continuous movement (due to the persistence of vision). Generating such a film is very labour intensive and tedious, though the development of computer animation has New Gi Joe Movie greatly sped up the process.
File formats like New Gi Joe Movie GIF, QuickTime, Shockwave and Flash allow animation to New Gi Joe Movie be viewed on a computer New Gi Joe Movie or over New Gi Joe Movie the Internet.
Because animation is very time-consuming and often very expensive to produce, the majority of animation for TV and movies New Gi Joe Movie comes from professional animation studios. However, New Gi Joe Movie the field of independent animation has existed at New Gi Joe Movie least since New Gi Joe Movie the 1950s, with animation being produced by independent studios New Gi Joe Movie (and sometimes by a single person). Several independent animation producers have gone on to enter the professional animation industry.
Limited animation is a way of increasing production and decreasing costs of animation by using "short cuts" in the animation New Gi Joe Movie process. This method was pioneered by UPA and popularized by Hanna-Barbera, and adapted by other studios as cartoons moved New Gi Joe Movie from movie New Gi Joe Movie theaters to television.[3]
Although most animation studios are now using digital technologies in their productions, there is a specific New Gi Joe Movie style of animation that depends New Gi Joe Movie on film. Cameraless animation, made famous by moviemakers Movie Bumper Stickers like Norman McLaren, Len Lye and Stan Brakhage, is painted and drawn directly onto pieces of film, New Gi Joe Movie and then run through a projector.
Venues
When it is initially produced, a feature film is often shown to New Gi Joe Movie audiences in a movie theater or cinema. The first theater designed exclusively for cinema opened in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania New Gi Joe Movie in 1905.[4] Thousands of such theaters were built or converted from existing facilities within a few New Gi Joe Movie years.[5] New Gi Joe Movie In the United States, these theaters came to be known as nickelodeons, because admission typically cost a nickel (five cents).
Typically, one New Gi Joe Movie film is the featured presentation (or feature film). Before the 1970s, there were "double features"; typically, a high quality New Gi Joe Movie "A picture" rented by New Gi Joe Movie an independent theater for a lump New Gi Joe Movie sum, and a "B picture" of New Gi Joe Movie lower quality rented for a percentage of the gross receipts. Today, New Gi Joe Movie the bulk of the material shown before the feature film consists of previews for upcoming movies and paid advertisements (also known as trailers or "The Twenty").
Historically, all mass marketed feature films were New Gi Joe Movie Even Stevens The Movie made to be shown in movie theaters. The New Gi Joe Movie development of television has allowed films to be broadcast to larger audiences, usually after the film is no longer being shown in theaters. Recording technology has also enabled New Gi Joe Movie consumers to rent or buy copies of films New Gi Joe Movie on VHS or DVD (and the older formats of laserdisc, VCD and SelectaVision � New Gi Joe Movie see also videodisc), New Gi Joe Movie and Internet New Gi Joe Movie downloads may be available and have started to become revenue sources New Gi Joe Movie for the film companies. Some films are now made specifically for these other venues, being released New Gi Joe Movie as made-for-TV movies or direct-to-video movies. The production values on these films are often New Gi Joe Movie considered to be of inferior quality compared to theatrical releases in similar genres, and indeed, some films that are rejected by their own studios upon completion are distributed through these markets.
The movie theater pays an average of New Gi Joe Movie about 50-55% of its ticket sales to New Gi Joe Movie the Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures movie studio, as film rental fees.[6] The actual percentage starts with a number higher than that, and decreases as the New Gi Joe Movie duration of a film's showing continues, as an incentive to theaters to keep New Gi Joe Movie movies in the theater longer. However, today's barrage of highly marketed movies ensures that most movies are shown in first-run theaters New Gi Joe Movie for less than 8 weeks. There are New Gi Joe Movie a few movies every year that defy this rule, often New Gi Joe Movie limited-release movies that start in only a few New Gi Joe Movie theaters and actually grow their theater New Gi Joe Movie count through good word-of-mouth and Grease Movie Clothing reviews. According to a 2000 study by ABN AMRO, about 26% of Hollywood movie studios' worldwide income came from box office ticket sales; 46% came from VHS and DVD sales to consumers; and 28% came from television New Gi Joe Movie (broadcast, cable, and pay-per-view).[6]
Future state
While motion picture films have been New Gi Joe Movie around for more than a century, film New Gi Joe Movie is still a relative newcomer in the pantheon of fine arts. In the 1950s, when television became American Movie Channle widely available, industry analysts predicted the demise of local movie theaters. Despite competition from television's increasing technological sophistication over New Gi Joe Movie the 1960s and 1970s, such as the development of color television and large screens, motion picture cinemas continued. In New Gi Joe Movie the 1980s, when the widespread availability of inexpensive videocassette recorders enabled people to select films for home viewing, industry analysts again wrongly predicted the death of the local cinemas.
In the 1990s and 2000s the development of digital DVD players, home theater amplification systems with surround sound and subwoofers, New Gi Joe Movie and large LCD or plasma screens enabled people to select New Gi Joe Movie and view New Gi Joe Movie films at home with greatly improved New Gi Joe Movie audio and visual reproduction. These new technologies provided audio and visual that in the past only local cinemas New Gi Joe Movie had been able to provide: a large, clear widescreen New Gi Joe Movie presentation of a film with a full-range, high-quality multi-speaker sound system. New Gi Joe Movie Once again industry analysts predicted the demise of the local cinema. Local cinemas will be changing in the 2000s and moving towards digital New Gi Joe Movie screens, a New Gi Joe Movie new approach New Gi Joe Movie which New Gi Joe Movie will allow for New Gi Joe Movie easier and quicker New Gi Joe Movie distribution of films (via satellite or hard disks), New Gi Joe Movie a development New Gi Joe Movie which may give local theaters a reprieve from their predicted demise.
The cinema now faces a new challenge from home video by the likes of a new DVD format Blu-ray, which can provide New Gi Joe Movie full HD 1080p video New Gi Joe Movie playback at near cinema quality. Video formats are gradually catching up with the resolutions New Gi Joe Movie and quality that film offers, 1080p in Blu-ray offers a pixel resolution of 1920?1080 a leap from the DVD offering of 720?480 and the paltry 330?480 offered by the first home video standard VHS. New Gi Joe Movie The maximum resolutions that film currently offers are 2485?2970 or 1420?3390, UHD, a future digital video format, will offer a massive resolution of 7680?4320, surpassing all current film resolutions. The only viable New Gi Joe Movie competitor to these new innovations is IMAX New Gi Joe Movie which can play film content at an extreme 10000?7000 resolution.
Despite the rise of all new technologies, the development of the home video market and New Gi Joe Movie a surge New Gi Joe Movie of online piracy, 2007 was a record year in film that showed the highest ever New Gi Joe Movie box-office grosses. Many New Gi Joe Movie expected film to suffer as a result of the effects listed above but New Gi Joe Movie it has flourished, strengthening film studio expectations for New Gi Joe Movie the future. |
