Film Western Town Movie Set Designer is a term that encompasses individual motion pictures, the field of film as an art form, and the motion picture industry. Films are produced by recording Western Town Movie Set Designer images from the world with cameras, or by creating images using animation techniques or special effects.
Films are cultural artifacts created by Western Town Movie Set Designer specific cultures, which reflect those cultures, Western Town Movie Set Designer and, in turn, affect them. Film is considered to be an important art form, a source Western Town Movie Set Designer of Western Town Movie Set Designer popular entertainment and a powerful method for educating � or indoctrinating � citizens. The visual elements of cinema gives motion pictures a universal power of communication. Some films Western Town Movie Set Designer have become popular Western Town Movie Set Designer worldwide attractions by using dubbing or Western Town Movie Set Designer subtitles that translate the dialogue.
Traditional Western Town Movie Set Designer films are made up of a series of individual images called frames. Western Town Movie Set Designer When these images Western Town Movie Set Designer are shown rapidly in Western Town Movie Set Designer succession, a viewer has the illusion that motion is occurring. The viewer cannot see Western Town Movie Set Designer the Hentai Movie Downloads flickering between frames due to Western Town Movie Set Designer an Western Town Movie Set Designer effect known as Western Town Movie Set Designer persistence of vision, Western Town Movie Set Designer whereby the eye retains a
The origin of the name "film" comes from the fact that photographic film (also called film stock) had historically been the primary medium for recording and displaying motion pictures. Many other terms exist Western Town Movie Set Designer for an individual motion picture, including picture, picture show, photo-play, flick, and most commonly, movie. Additional terms for the field in general include the Western Town Movie Set Designer big screen, the silver screen, the cinema, and the movies.In the 1860s, mechanisms for producing artificially created, two-dimensional images in motion were Western Town Movie Set Designer demonstrated with devices such as Western Town Movie Set Designer the Western Town Movie Set Designer zoetrope and the praxinoscope. These machines were outgrowths of simple optical Western Town Movie Set Designer devices (such as magic lanterns) and would Western Town Movie Set Designer display Western Town Movie Set Designer sequences of still Western Town Movie Set Designer pictures at sufficient Western Town Movie Set Designer speed Western Town Movie Set Designer for the images on the pictures to appear to be moving, a Western Town Movie Set Designer phenomenon called Western Town Movie Set Designer persistence of vision. Naturally, the images needed to be carefully designed to achieve the desired effect � and the underlying principle became the basis for the development of film animation.
A frame from Roundhay Garden Scene, the world's earliest film, Western Town Movie Set Designer by Louis Le Prince, 1888
With the development of celluloid film for still photography, it became possible Western Town Movie Set Designer to directly capture objects in Western Town Movie Set Designer motion in real time. Early versions Western Town Movie Set Designer of the technology sometimes required a person to look into a viewing machine to see the pictures which were separate paper prints attached to a drum turned by a handcrank. The pictures were shown at a variable speed of about 5 to 10 pictures per second depending on how rapidly the crank was turned. Western Town Movie Set Designer Some of these machines were coin operated. Western Town Movie Set Designer By the 1880s, the development of the motion picture camera allowed the individual component images Watch The Movie Shortbus Online to Western Town Movie Set Designer be captured and stored on Western Town Movie Set Designer a single reel, and led quickly to the development of a motion picture projector to shine light through the processed and printed Western Town Movie Set Designer film and magnify Western Town Movie Set Designer these "moving picture shows" Western Town Movie Set Designer onto a screen for an entire audience. These reels, so exhibited, came to be known as "motion pictures". Early motion pictures were static shots that showed an event or action with no editing or other cinematic techniques.
Ignoring Dickson's early sound experiments (1894), Western Town Movie Set Designer commercial motion pictures were purely visual art through the late 19th century, Western Town Movie Set Designer but these innovative Western Town Movie Set Designer silent films had gained a hold on the public imagination. Around the turn of the twentieth century, films began Western Town Movie Set Designer developing a narrative structure by stringing scenes together to Western Town Movie Set Designer tell narratives. The scenes were later broken up into multiple shots of varying sizes Western Town Movie Set Designer and angles. Other techniques such as camera movement were realized Western Town Movie Set Designer as effective ways to portray a story on Western Town Movie Set Designer film. Western Town Movie Set Designer Rather than leave the Western Town Movie Set Designer audience in silence, theater owners would hire a pianist or organist or a full orchestra to play music fitting Western Town Movie Set Designer the mood of the film at any given moment. By the Western Town Movie Set Designer early 1920s, most films came Western Town Movie Set Designer with Western Town Movie Set Designer a prepared list of sheet music for this Western Town Movie Set Designer purpose, with complete film scores being composed for major Western Town Movie Set Designer productions.
A shot from Georges Melies Le Voyage dans la Lune (A Trip to the Moon) (1902), an Western Town Movie Set Designer early narrative film.
The rise of European cinema was interrupted by the breakout of World War I while the film industry in United States flourished with Western Town Movie Set Designer the rise of Hollywood. However in the 1920s, European filmmakers such as Sergei Eisenstein, F. W. Murnau, and Fritz Lang, Western Town Movie Set Designer along Western Town Movie Set Designer with American innovator D. W. Griffith and Western Town Movie Set Designer the contributions of Charles Chaplin, Buster Keaton and others, continued to advance the medium. In the 1920s, new Western Town Movie Set Designer technology allowed filmmakers to attach to each film a soundtrack of speech, music and sound effects synchronized with the action on the screen. These sound films were initially distinguished by calling them Western Town Movie Set Designer "talking Western Town Movie Set Designer pictures", Western Town Movie Set Designer or talkies.
The next major step in Western Town Movie Set Designer the development Western Town Movie Set Designer of cinema was the Western Town Movie Set Designer introduction Western Town Movie Set Designer of so-called "natural" color. While Western Town Movie Set Designer the addition of sound quickly eclipsed silent film and theater musicians, color was adopted more gradually Western Town Movie Set Designer as methods evolved making it more practical and cost effective to produce "natural color" films. The public was relatively indifferent to color Western Town Movie Set Designer photography as Western Town Movie Set Designer opposed to black-and-white,[citation needed] but as color processes improved and became as affordable as black-and-white film, more and more movies were filmed in color after Western Town Movie Set Designer the end of World War II, as the industry in America came to view color as essential to attracting audiences in its competition with television, which remained Western Town Movie Set Designer a black-and-white medium until the mid-1960s. By the end of the 1960s, col
Since the decline of the studio system in the 1960s, the succeeding decades saw changes in the production and style of film. New Hollywood, French Western Town Movie Set Designer New Wave and the rise of film school educated independent filmmakers were all part of the changes the medium experienced in the latter half of the 20th century. Digital technology has been the driving force in change throughout the 1990s and into the 21st century.
Theory
Main article: Film theory
Film theory seeks to develop concise and systematic Western Town Movie Set Designer concepts that apply to the study of film as art. It was Western Town Movie Set Designer started by Ricciotto Canudo's The Birth of the Sixth Art. Formalist film theory, led by Western Town Movie Set Designer Rudolf Western Town Movie Set Designer Arnheim, Bela Balazs, Western Town Movie Set Designer and Siegfried Kracauer, emphasized how film differed from Western Town Movie Set Designer reality, Western Town Movie Set Designer and thus could Western Town Movie Set Designer be considered a valid fine art. Andre Bazin reacted Frankenstein Movie With Gene Wilder against this Western Town Movie Set Designer theory by arguing Western Town Movie Set Designer that film's artistic essence lay in its ability to mechanically reproduce reality not in its differences from reality, and this gave rise to realist theory. Western Town Movie Set Designer More Western Town Movie Set Designer recent analysis Western Town Movie Set Designer spurred by Lacan's psychoanalysis and Ferdinand Western Town Movie Set Designer de Saussure's semiotics among other things has given rise Western Town Movie Set Designer to psychoanalytical film theory, structuralist film theory, feminist film theory and others.
Criticism
Main article: Film criticism
Film criticism is the analysis and evaluation of films. In general, these works can be divided into two categories: academic criticism by film scholars and journalistic Western Town Movie Set Designer film criticism that appears regularly in Western Town Movie Set Designer newspapers Western Town Movie Set Designer and other media.
Film critics working Western Town Movie Set Designer for newspapers, magazines, Western Town Movie Set Designer and broadcast media mainly review Western Town Movie Set Designer new releases. Normally they only see any given film once and have only a day or two to formulate opinions. Despite this, critics have an important impact on films, especially those of certain Western Town Movie Set Designer genres. Mass marketed action, horror, and comedy films tend not to Western Town Movie Set Designer be greatly affected by a critic's overall Western Town Movie Set Designer judgment of a film. The plot Western Town Movie Set Designer summary and description of a film that makes up the majority of any film review can still have an important impact on whether people decide to see a film. For prestige films such Western Town Movie Set Designer as most dramas, the influence of reviews is extremely important. Poor Western Town Movie Set Designer reviews will Western Town Movie Set Designer often doom a film to obscurity Western Town Movie Set Designer and financial loss.
The impact of a reviewer on a given film's box office performance is a Western Town Movie Set Designer matter of debate. Some Western Town Movie Set Designer claim that movie marketing is now so intense Western Town Movie Set Designer and well financed that reviewers cannot make an impact against it. However, the cataclysmic failure of some heavily-promoted movies which were harshly reviewed, as well as the unexpected success of critically Western Town Movie Set Designer praised independent movies indicates that Western Town Movie Set Designer extreme critical reactions can have considerable Western Town Movie Set Designer influence. Others note that positive film reviews have Western Town Movie Set Designer been shown to spark interest in little-known films. Conversely, there have been several films in which film companies have so little confidence that they Western Town Movie Set Designer refuse to give reviewers an advanced viewing to avoid widespread panning of the Western Town Movie Set Designer film. However, this usually backfires as reviewers are wise to the tactic and Western Town Movie Set Designer warn the public that the film may not be worth seeing and the Western Town Movie Set Designer films often Western Town Movie Set Designer do poorly Western Town Movie Set Designer as a result.
It Western Town Movie Set Designer is Western Town Movie Set Designer argued that journalist film critics should only be known as film reviewers, and Western Town Movie Set Designer true film critics are those who take a more Western Town Movie Set Designer academic approach to films. This line of work is more often Sid And Nancy Movie known Western Town Movie Set Designer as film theory or Western Town Movie Set Designer film studies. These film critics attempt to come Western Town Movie Set Designer to understand how film and filming techniques work, and what effect they have on people. Western Town Movie Set Designer Rather Western Town Movie Set Designer than having their Western Town Movie Set Designer works published in newspapers or appear on television, their articles are published in scholarly journals, or sometimes in up-market magazines. They also Western Town Movie Set Designer tend to be affiliated with colleges or Western Town Movie Set Designer universities.
Industry
Main article: Film industry
The making and showing of motion pictures became a source of profit almost as soon as Western Town Movie Set Designer the process Western Town Movie Set Designer was invented. Western Town Movie Set Designer Upon seeing how successful their new invention, and its product, was in their native France, Western Town Movie Set Designer the Lumieres quickly set about Western Town Movie Set Designer touring the Continent to exhibit the Western Town Movie Set Designer first films privately to royalty and publicly to the masses. In each country, they would normally Western Town Movie Set Designer add new, local scenes Western Town Movie Set Designer to their Western Town Movie Set Designer catalogue and, quickly Western Town Movie Set Designer enough, found local entrepreneurs Western Town Movie Set Designer in the various countries of Europe to buy their equipment and photograph, export, import Western Town Movie Set Designer and screen additional product commercially. The Oberammergau Western Town Movie Set Designer Passion Play of Western Town Movie Set Designer 1898[citation needed] was the first commercial motion Western Town Movie Set Designer picture ever produced. Other pictures Western Town Movie Set Designer soon followed, and Western Town Movie Set Designer motion pictures became a separate industry that overshadowed the vaudeville world. Dedicated theaters and companies formed specifically to produce and distribute Western Town Movie Set Designer films, while motion picture actors became major celebrities and commanded huge fees for their performances. Already by 1917, Charlie Chaplin had a contract that called for an annual salary of one million dollars.
In the United States Western Town Movie Set Designer today, much of the film industry is centered around Hollywood. Other regional centers exist in many parts of the world, such as Mumbai-centered Bollywood, the Indian film industry's Hindi cinema which produces the largest number of films in the world.[1] Whether the ten thousand-plus feature length films a year produced Western Town Movie Set Designer by the Western Town Movie Set Designer Valley pornographic film Western Town Movie Set Designer industry should qualify for this title is the source of some debate.[citation needed] Though the Western Town Movie Set Designer expense involved in making movies has led cinema production to concentrate under the auspices of movie Western Town Movie Set Designer studios, recent advances in affordable film making equipment have allowed independent film productions to flourish.
Profit is a key force in the industry, due to the costly and risky nature of filmmaking; many films have large Western Town Movie Set Designer cost Western Town Movie Set Designer overruns, a notorious example being Kevin Costner's Western Town Movie Set Designer Waterworld. Yet many filmmakers strive to create works of lasting social significance. The Academy Awards (also known as "the Oscars") are the most prominent film awards Western Town Movie Set Designer in the Western Town Movie Set Designer United States, providing recognition each year to films, ostensibly based on their artistic merits.
There is also Western Town Movie Set Designer a large industry for educational and instructional films Western Town Movie Set Designer made in lieu of or in addition to lectures and texts.
Preview
A preview performance refers to a showing of a movie to a select Western Town Movie Set Designer audience, usually for the purposes Western Town Movie Set Designer of corporate promotions, Western Town Movie Set Designer before the public film premiere itself. Previews are sometimes used to Western Town Movie Set Designer judge audience reaction, which if unexpectedly negative, may result in recutting or even Western Town Movie Set Designer refilming certain sections. (cf Audience response.)
Trailer
Main article: Trailer (film)
Trailers or previews are film advertisements for films that will be exhibited in the future at Western Town Movie Set Designer a cinema, on whose screen they are shown. The term "trailer" comes Western Town Movie Set Designer from their having originally been shown at the end of a film programme. That Western Town Movie Set Designer practice Western Town Movie Set Designer did not Western Town Movie Set Designer last long, Western Town Movie Set Designer because patrons tended to leave the theater after the films ended, but the name has Western Town Movie Set Designer stuck. Trailers are now shown before the film (or Western Town Movie Set Designer the A movie in a double feature program) begins.
The Western Town Movie Set Designer nature of the film determines the size and type of crew required during filmmaking. Many Hollywood Western Town Movie Set Designer adventure films Western Town Movie Set Designer need computer generated imagery (CGI), created by dozens of 3D modellers, Western Town Movie Set Designer animators, rotoscopers and compositors. However, a low-budget, Western Town Movie Set Designer independent film may Western Town Movie Set Designer be made with a skeleton crew, often Western Town Movie Set Designer paid very little. Also, an open source film may be produced through open, Western Town Movie Set Designer collaborative processes. Filmmaking takes place all over the world using different technologies, styles of acting and genre, and is produced in a variety of economic contexts that range from state-sponsored documentary in China to profit-oriented movie making within the American studio system.
This production Western Town Movie Set Designer cycle typically takes three years. The first year is taken up with Western Town Movie Set Designer development. The second year comprises preproduction and Western Town Movie Set Designer production. The Western Town Movie Set Designer third year, post-production and distribution.
Crew
Main article: Film Western Town Movie Set Designer crew
A film crew Western Town Movie Set Designer is a group of people Western Town Movie Set Designer hired by a film company, employed during the "production" or "photography" phase, for the purpose of producing a film or motion picture. Crew are distinguished Western Town Movie Set Designer from cast, the actors who appear in front of the camera or provide voices for characters in Western Town Movie Set Designer the film. The crew interacts with Western Town Movie Set Designer but is also distinct from the production staff, consisting of producers, managers, company representatives, their assistants, and those whose primary responsibility falls in pre-production or post-production phases, such as writers Western Town Movie Set Designer and editors. Communication between production and Western Town Movie Set Designer crew Western Town Movie Set Designer generally passes through the director Western Town Movie Set Designer and his/her staff of assistants. Medium-to-large crews are generally divided into departments with well defined hierarchies and standards for interaction and cooperation between the departments. Other than acting, Western Town Movie Set Designer the crew handles Western Town Movie Set Designer everything in the photography phase: props and costumes, shooting, Western Town Movie Set Designer sound, electrics (i.e., lights), sets, and production special effects. Western Town Movie Set Designer Caterers (known in the film industry as "craft services") are usually not considered part of the crew.
|
Technology
Film stock consists of Western Town Movie Set Designer transparent celluloid, acetate, or polyester base coated with an emulsion containing light-sensitive chemicals. Cellulose nitrate was the first type of film base used to record motion pictures, but due to its flammability was eventually replaced by safer materials. Stock widths and Western Town Movie Set Designer the Western Town Movie Set Designer film format for images on the reel have had a rich history, though most Western Town Movie Set Designer large commercial films are still shot on (and distributed to theaters) as Western Town Movie Set Designer 35 mm prints.
Originally moving picture film was shot and projected at various speeds using hand-cranked cameras and projectors; though 1000 frames Western Town Movie Set Designer per minute (16? frame/s) is generally cited as a standard silent Western Town Movie Set Designer speed, research indicates most films were shot between Western Town Movie Set Designer 16 frame/s and 23 frame/s and projected from 18 frame/s on up (often reels included instructions on how fast each Western Town Movie Set Designer scene should Western Town Movie Set Designer be Western Town Movie Set Designer shown) [1]. When sound film was introduced in the late 1920s, a constant speed was required for the Western Town Movie Set Designer sound head. 24 frames per second was chosen because it was the slowest (and thus Pirates X Movie Clips cheapest) speed which allowed for sufficient sound quality. Improvements since the late 19th century include the mechanization of cameras � allowing them to Western Town Movie Set Designer record at a consistent speed, quiet Western Town Movie Set Designer camera design Western Town Movie Set Designer � allowing Western Town Movie Set Designer sound recorded on-set Western Town Movie Set Designer to be Western Town Movie Set Designer usable without requiring large "blimps" to encase the camera, the invention of more sophisticated filmstocks and lenses, Western Town Movie Set Designer allowing directors to film in increasingly Western Town Movie Set Designer dim conditions, and Western Town Movie Set Designer the development of synchronized sound, allowing sound to Western Town Movie Set Designer be recorded at exactly the same speed as its corresponding action. The soundtrack can be recorded separately from shooting Western Town Movie Set Designer the film, but for live-action pictures many parts of the soundtrack are usually recorded Western Town Movie Set Designer simultaneously.
As a medium, film is not limited to motion pictures, since the technology developed as the basis for photography. It can be used to present a progressive sequence of still images in the form of a slideshow. Film has also been incorporated into multimedia presentations, Western Town Movie Set Designer and often has importance as primary historical documentation. However, historic films have problems in terms of preservation and storage, and the motion picture industry is exploring many alternatives. Most movies on cellulose nitrate base have been copied onto modern safety films. Some studios save color films through the use of separation masters � three B&W negatives each exposed through Western Town Movie Set Designer red, Western Town Movie Set Designer green, or blue filters Western Town Movie Set Designer (essentially a reverse of the Western Town Movie Set Designer Technicolor process). Digital methods have also been used to restore films, although Western Town Movie Set Designer their continued obsolescence cycle makes them (as of 2006) Western Town Movie Set Designer a poor choice for long-term preservation. Film preservation of decaying film stock is Western Town Movie Set Designer a matter of concern to both film historians and archivists, and to companies interested in preserving their existing products in order to make them available to future generations (and thereby increase revenue). Preservation is generally a higher-concern Western Town Movie Set Designer for nitrate and single-strip color Western Town Movie Set Designer films, due to their high decay rates; black and white films on safety Western Town Movie Set Designer bases Western Town Movie Set Designer and color films preserved on Technicolor imbibition prints tend Western Town Movie Set Designer to keep up much better, assuming proper handling and storage.
Some films in recent Western Town Movie Set Designer decades have been recorded using analog video technology similar to that used in television production. Modern digital video cameras and digital projectors are gaining ground as well. These approaches are extremely beneficial to moviemakers, especially because footage can be evaluated and edited without waiting Western Town Movie Set Designer for Western Town Movie Set Designer the film stock to be processed. Yet the migration Western Town Movie Set Designer is gradual, and as of 2005 most major motion pictures are still recorded on film.
Independent
Main article: Independent film
The Western Town Movie Set Designer Lumiere Brothers
Independent filmmaking often takes place outside of Hollywood, or other major studio systems. An independent film (or Western Town Movie Set Designer indie film) is a film initially produced without financing or distribution from a major Western Town Movie Set Designer movie studio. Creative, business, and technological reasons have all contributed to the growth of the indie film scene in the late 20th and early 21st century.
On the business side, the costs of big-budget Western Town Movie Set Designer studio films also leads to conservative choices in Western Town Movie Set Designer cast and crew. There is a trend Western Town Movie Set Designer in Hollywood towards co-financing (over two-thirds of the films Western Town Movie Set Designer put out by Warner Western Town Movie Set Designer Bros. in 2000 were joint ventures, up from 10% in 1987).[2] A hopeful director is almost never given the opportunity to get a job on a big-budget studio film unless he or she has significant industry experience in film or television. Western Town Movie Set Designer Also, the studios rarely produce films with Western Town Movie Set Designer unknown actors, particularly in lead roles.
Before the advent of digital alternatives, the cost of professional film equipment and stock Western Town Movie Set Designer was also a hurdle to being able to produce, direct, or star in a traditional Western Town Movie Set Designer studio film. The cost of 35 Western Town Movie Set Designer mm film is Western Town Movie Set Designer outpacing Western Town Movie Set Designer inflation: in 2002 alone, film negative costs were up 23%, according to Western Town Movie Set Designer Variety.[2].
But the advent of consumer camcorders in 1985, Western Town Movie Set Designer and more importantly, the arrival of Western Town Movie Set Designer high-resolution digital video in the early Western Town Movie Set Designer 1990s, have lowered the technology barrier to movie production significantly. Both production and Western Town Movie Set Designer post-production costs have been Western Town Movie Set Designer significantly lowered; today, the hardware and software for post-production can Western Town Movie Set Designer be installed in a commodity-based personal computer. Technologies such as DVDs, Western Town Movie Set Designer FireWire connections Western Town Movie Set Designer and non-linear editing system pro-level software Western Town Movie Set Designer like Adobe Premiere Pro, Sony Vegas and Apple's Final Movie Loops For Your Videos Cut Pro, and consumer level Western Town Movie Set Designer software such as Apple's Final Cut Express and iMovie Western Town Movie Set Designer make movie-making relatively inexpensive.
Since the introduction of DV technology, the means of production have become more democratized. Filmmakers can conceivably shoot and edit a movie, create and edit the sound and music, and mix Western Town Movie Set Designer the final cut on a home computer. However, while the means of production may Western Town Movie Set Designer be democratized, financing, distribution, and marketing remain difficult to accomplish outside the traditional system. Most independent filmmakers rely on film festivals to get their films noticed and sold for distribution. Western Town Movie Set Designer The arrival of internet-based Western Town Movie Set Designer video outlets such as YouTube and Veoh has further changed the film making landscape in ways that are still to be determined.
Open content film
Main article: Open Western Town Movie Set Designer content film
An Western Town Movie Set Designer open content film Western Town Movie Set Designer is much like Western Town Movie Set Designer an independent film, but it is produced through open collaborations; its source material is available under a license which is permissive enough to allow other parties to Western Town Movie Set Designer create fan fiction or derivative works, than a traditional copyright. Like independent Western Town Movie Set Designer filmmaking, open source filmmaking takes place outside of Hollywood, or other major studio systems.
Fan film
Main article: Fan Western Town Movie Set Designer film
A fan film is a film or video inspired by a film, television program, comic book or a similar source, created by fans rather Western Town Movie Set Designer than by the source's copyright holders or creators. Fan Western Town Movie Set Designer filmmakers have traditionally been Western Town Movie Set Designer amateurs, but some of the more notable films have actually been produced by professional filmmakers as film school class Western Town Movie Set Designer projects or as demonstration reels. Fan films vary tremendously in Western Town Movie Set Designer length, Western Town Movie Set Designer from short faux-teaser trailers for non-existent motion Western Town Movie Set Designer pictures to rarer full-length Western Town Movie Set Designer motion pictures
Animation is the technique Western Town Movie Set Designer in which each Western Town Movie Set Designer frame of a film is produced individually, whether generated as a computer graphic, or by photographing a drawn image, Western Town Movie Set Designer or by repeatedly making small changes to a Western Town Movie Set Designer model unit (see claymation and stop motion), and then Western Town Movie Set Designer photographing the result with a special animation camera. When the frames are strung together and the Western Town Movie Set Designer resulting film is viewed at a speed Western Town Movie Set Designer of 16 or more frames per second, there is an illusion of continuous movement (due to the persistence of Western Town Movie Set Designer vision). Generating such a film is Western Town Movie Set Designer very labour intensive and tedious, Western Town Movie Set Designer though the development of computer animation has greatly sped up the process.
File Western Town Movie Set Designer formats Western Town Movie Set Designer like GIF, QuickTime, Western Town Movie Set Designer Shockwave and Flash allow animation to be viewed on a computer or over the Internet.
Because animation is Western Town Movie Set Designer very time-consuming and often very expensive to produce, the majority of animation for TV and movies comes from professional animation studios. However, the field of independent animation has existed at least since the 1950s, with animation being produced by independent studios (and sometimes by a single Western Town Movie Set Designer person). Several independent animation producers have gone on to enter the professional animation industry.
Limited animation is a way of increasing Western Town Movie Set Designer production and decreasing costs of animation by using "short Western Town Movie Set Designer cuts" in the animation process. This method was pioneered by UPA and popularized Western Town Movie Set Designer by Hanna-Barbera, and adapted by other studios as cartoons moved from movie Western Town Movie Set Designer theaters to television.[3]
Although most animation studios are now using digital technologies in their productions, Western Town Movie Set Designer there is a specific Western Town Movie Set Designer style of animation that depends on film. Western Town Movie Set Designer Cameraless animation, made famous Western Town Movie Set Designer by moviemakers Western Town Movie Set Designer like Norman McLaren, Len Lye and Stan Brakhage, is painted and drawn directly onto pieces of film, and then Western Town Movie Set Designer run through a projector.
Venues
When it is initially produced, a feature film is often shown to audiences in a movie theater or cinema. The first theater designed exclusively for cinema opened in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in 1905.[4] Thousands of such theaters were built or converted from existing facilities within a few years.[5] In the United States, these Western Town Movie Set Designer theaters came Western Town Movie Set Designer to be known as nickelodeons, because admission typically cost a nickel (five cents).
Typically, one film is the featured presentation (or feature film). Before the 1970s, there were "double features"; typically, a high quality "A picture" rented by an independent theater for Western Town Movie Set Designer a lump sum, and a "B picture" of lower quality rented for a percentage of the gross receipts. Today, the bulk of the material shown before the feature film consists of previews for upcoming movies and paid advertisements (also known as trailers or "The Twenty").
Historically, all Western Town Movie Set Designer mass marketed feature films were made to be shown in movie theaters. The development of television has allowed films to be broadcast to larger audiences, usually Movie Poster The Savage after the film is no longer being shown in theaters. Western Town Movie Set Designer Recording Western Town Movie Set Designer technology Western Town Movie Set Designer has also enabled consumers to rent or buy copies of films on VHS or DVD (and the older formats of laserdisc, VCD and Western Town Movie Set Designer SelectaVision � see also videodisc), and Internet downloads may be available and have Western Town Movie Set Designer started to become revenue Western Town Movie Set Designer sources for the film companies. Some films are now made specifically for these other venues, being released as made-for-TV movies or direct-to-video movies. The production values on these films Western Town Movie Set Designer are often considered to be of inferior quality Western Town Movie Set Designer compared to theatrical releases in similar genres, and indeed, some films that are rejected Western Town Movie Set Designer by Western Town Movie Set Designer their own studios upon completion are distributed through these markets.
The movie theater pays an average Western Town Movie Set Designer of about 50-55% of its ticket Western Town Movie Set Designer sales to the movie studio, as film rental fees.[6] The actual percentage starts with Western Town Movie Set Designer a Western Town Movie Set Designer number higher than that, and decreases as the duration of a film's showing continues, as an incentive to theaters to keep Western Town Movie Set Designer movies in the theater longer. However, today's barrage of highly marketed movies Western Town Movie Set Designer ensures that most movies are shown in first-run theaters for less than 8 weeks. There are a few Western Town Movie Set Designer movies every year that defy this rule, often limited-release movies that Western Town Movie Set Designer start in only a few theaters Western Town Movie Set Designer and actually grow their theater count through good word-of-mouth and reviews. According to a 2000 study by ABN AMRO, about 26% of Hollywood movie studios' worldwide |
