Film is a term that encompasses individual motion pictures, the field of film as an Rialto Movie Theater art form, and the motion picture industry. Films are produced by recording images from the world Rialto Movie Theater with cameras, or by creating images using animation techniques or Rialto Movie Theater special effects.
Films are cultural artifacts created by specific cultures, which reflect those cultures, and, Rialto Movie Theater in turn, affect them. Film is Rialto Movie Theater considered to be an important Rialto Movie Theater art form, a source of popular entertainment and a powerful method for educating � or indoctrinating Rialto Movie Theater � citizens. The visual elements of cinema gives motion pictures a universal power of communication. Some films have become popular worldwide attractions by using dubbing Rialto Movie Theater or subtitles that translate the dialogue.
Traditional films are made up of a Rialto Movie Theater series of individual images called frames. When these Rialto Movie Theater images are shown rapidly in succession, a viewer Rialto Movie Theater has the illusion Rialto Movie Theater that motion is occurring. The viewer cannot see the flickering between frames due to an Rialto Movie Theater effect known as persistence of vision, whereby the eye retains a
The origin of the name "film" comes from the Rialto Movie Theater fact that photographic film (also called film stock) had historically been the primary medium for recording and displaying motion pictures. Many other terms exist for an individual motion picture, including picture, picture show, photo-play, flick, and most commonly, movie. Additional terms for the field in general include the big screen, the silver screen, the Rialto Movie Theater cinema, Rialto Movie Theater and the movies.In the 1860s, mechanisms for Rialto Movie Theater producing artificially created, two-dimensional Rialto Movie Theater images in motion were demonstrated with devices such as the zoetrope and the praxinoscope. These machines were outgrowths of simple optical devices (such as magic lanterns) and would display sequences of still pictures at sufficient speed for Rialto Movie Theater the images on the pictures Rialto Movie Theater to appear to be moving, a phenomenon called persistence of Rialto Movie Theater vision. Rialto Movie Theater Naturally, the images needed to be carefully designed to achieve the desired effect � and the underlying principle became the basis Rialto Movie Theater for the development of Rialto Movie Theater film animation.
A frame from Roundhay Garden Scene, the world's earliest Rialto Movie Theater film, by Louis Le Prince, 1888
With the development of celluloid film for still photography, it became possible to directly capture objects in motion in real time. Early versions of the technology sometimes required Rialto Movie Theater a person to look into a viewing machine to see the pictures which were separate paper prints attached Rialto Movie Theater to a drum turned by a handcrank. Rialto Movie Theater The pictures were shown at a variable speed of about Rialto Movie Theater 5 to 10 pictures per second depending Rialto Movie Theater on how rapidly the crank was turned. Some of Rialto Movie Theater these machines were coin operated. By the 1880s, the development of the motion picture camera allowed the individual component images to be captured and Rialto Movie Theater stored on Rialto Movie Theater a single reel, and led quickly to the Rialto Movie Theater development of Rialto Movie Theater a motion picture projector to shine light through the processed and printed film and magnify these "moving picture shows" onto a screen for an entire audience. These reels, so exhibited, Rialto Movie Theater came to be known as Rialto Movie Theater "motion pictures". Early motion pictures were static shots that showed an event or action with Rialto Movie Theater no editing or Rialto Movie Theater other cinematic techniques.
Ignoring Dickson's early sound experiments (1894), commercial motion pictures were purely visual art Rialto Movie Theater through the late 19th century, but these innovative silent films had gained a hold Rialto Movie Theater on the public imagination. Around the turn of the twentieth century, films began developing a narrative structure by stringing scenes together to tell narratives. The scenes were Rialto Movie Theater later broken up into multiple shots of varying Rialto Movie Theater sizes and angles. Other techniques such as camera movement were realized as effective ways to portray a story on film. Rather than leave the audience in silence, theater owners would hire a pianist or organist or a Rialto Movie Theater full orchestra to play music fitting the mood of the film at any given moment. By the early Rialto Movie Theater 1920s, most films came with a prepared list of sheet music for Rialto Movie Theater this purpose, with complete film scores being composed for major productions.
A shot from Georges Melies Le Voyage dans la Lune Rialto Movie Theater (A Trip to Rialto Movie Theater the Moon) (1902), an early narrative film.
The rise of European cinema was interrupted by the breakout of World War I while the film industry in United States flourished with the Rialto Movie Theater rise of Hollywood. However in the 1920s, European filmmakers such as Sergei Eisenstein, F. W. Murnau, and Fritz Lang, along with American innovator D. W. Griffith and the Rialto Movie Theater contributions of Charles Chaplin, Buster Keaton and others, continued Rialto Movie Theater to advance the Rialto Movie Theater medium. In the Rialto Movie Theater 1920s, new Rialto Movie Theater technology allowed filmmakers to attach to each film a soundtrack of speech, music and sound effects synchronized with the action on the screen. These sound Rialto Movie Theater films were initially distinguished by calling them "talking pictures", or talkies.
The next major step in the development of Rialto Movie Theater cinema was the introduction of so-called "natural" color. Rialto Movie Theater While the addition of Rialto Movie Theater sound Rialto Movie Theater quickly eclipsed silent film and theater musicians, color was adopted more gradually as methods evolved making it Rialto Movie Theater more practical and cost effective to produce "natural color" films. The public was relatively indifferent to color photography as opposed to black-and-white,[citation needed] but as color processes improved Rialto Movie Theater and became as affordable as black-and-white film, more and more movies Rialto Movie Theater were filmed in color after the end of Rialto Movie Theater World War II, as the industry in America came to view color as essential to attracting audiences in its competition with television, which remained a black-and-white medium until the Rialto Movie Theater mid-1960s. By the end of the 1960s, col
Since the Rialto Movie Theater decline Rialto Movie Theater of Rialto Movie Theater the studio system in Rialto Movie Theater the 1960s, the succeeding decades saw changes in Rialto Movie Theater the production Rialto Movie Theater and style of film. New Hollywood, French New Wave and the rise of film school educated independent filmmakers were Rialto Movie Theater all part of the changes the Rialto Movie Theater medium experienced in the latter half of the Rialto Movie Theater 20th century. Digital technology has been the driving force in change throughout the Rialto Movie Theater 1990s and Rialto Movie Theater into the 21st century.
Theory
Main article: Film theory
Film theory seeks Rialto Movie Theater to develop concise and Rialto Movie Theater systematic concepts that apply to the study of film as art. It was started by Ricciotto Canudo's The Birth of the Sixth Art. Formalist film Rialto Movie Theater theory, led by Rudolf Arnheim, Bela Balazs, and Siegfried Kracauer, emphasized how film differed Rialto Movie Theater from reality, and thus could be considered a valid fine Rialto Movie Theater art. Andre Bazin reacted Rialto Movie Theater against Rialto Movie Theater this theory Rialto Movie Theater by arguing that film's artistic essence lay in its Rialto Movie Theater ability Rialto Movie Theater to mechanically reproduce reality Rialto Movie Theater not Rialto Movie Theater in its differences from reality, and this gave rise to realist theory. More recent analysis spurred by Lacan's Rialto Movie Theater psychoanalysis and Ferdinand de Saussure's semiotics among other things has given rise to psychoanalytical film Rialto Movie Theater theory, structuralist film theory, feminist film theory and others.
Criticism
Main article: Film criticism
Film criticism is the analysis Rialto Movie Theater and evaluation of films. In general, these works Rialto Movie Theater can be divided into two categories: academic criticism by film scholars and journalistic film criticism that appears regularly in newspapers and other media.
Film critics working for newspapers, magazines, and broadcast media mainly review new releases. Normally they only see Rialto Movie Theater any given film once and have only a day or two to Rialto Movie Theater formulate opinions. Despite this, critics have an important impact on films, especially those of Rialto Movie Theater certain genres. Mass Rialto Movie Theater marketed action, horror, and comedy films tend not to Rialto Movie Theater be greatly affected by a critic's Rialto Movie Theater overall judgment of a film. Rialto Movie Theater The plot summary and description Rialto Movie Theater of a film that makes up the Rialto Movie Theater majority of any film review can still Rialto Movie Theater have an important impact on whether people decide to see a film. Rialto Movie Theater For prestige films such as most dramas, the influence of reviews Rialto Movie Theater is Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie extremely important. Rialto Movie Theater Poor Rialto Movie Theater reviews will often Rialto Movie Theater doom a film to obscurity and financial loss.
The impact of a reviewer on a Rialto Movie Theater given film's box office performance is a Rialto Movie Theater matter of debate. Some claim that movie marketing is now so intense and well financed that reviewers cannot make an impact against it. However, the cataclysmic failure of some Rialto Movie Theater heavily-promoted movies which were harshly Rialto Movie Theater reviewed, as well as the unexpected success of critically Rialto Movie Theater praised independent movies indicates that extreme Rialto Movie Theater critical reactions can have Rialto Movie Theater considerable influence. Others note that positive film reviews have been shown to spark interest in little-known films. Conversely, there have been several films in which film companies have so Rialto Movie Theater little confidence that they refuse to give reviewers an advanced viewing Rialto Movie Theater to avoid widespread panning Rialto Movie Theater of the film. However, this usually backfires as reviewers are Rialto Movie Theater wise to the tactic and warn the public that the film Rialto Movie Theater may not be worth seeing Rialto Movie Theater and the films often do poorly as a result.
It is argued that journalist film critics should only be known as film reviewers, and true film critics are those Rialto Movie Theater who take a Rialto Movie Theater more academic approach to films. This line of work is more often known as film theory or film studies. These Rialto Movie Theater film critics attempt to come to understand how film and filming techniques work, and what Rialto Movie Theater effect they have on people. Rather than having their works Rialto Movie Theater published in newspapers or appear on television, their articles are published in scholarly journals, or sometimes in up-market magazines. They also tend to Rialto Movie Theater be affiliated with colleges or universities.
Industry
Main article: Film industry
The making and Rialto Movie Theater showing of motion pictures became a source of profit almost as soon as the process was invented. Upon seeing how successful their new invention, and its product, was in their native France, the Lumieres quickly set about touring the Continent to exhibit the first Rialto Movie Theater films privately to royalty Rialto Movie Theater and publicly Rialto Movie Theater to the masses. In each country, they would normally add Rialto Movie Theater new, local scenes to their catalogue and, quickly Rialto Movie Theater enough, found local entrepreneurs in the various Rialto Movie Theater countries of Europe to buy their equipment and photograph, export, import Rialto Movie Theater and screen additional product commercially. The Oberammergau Passion Play of 1898[citation needed] was the first commercial motion picture ever produced. Other pictures soon followed, and motion pictures became a Rialto Movie Theater separate industry that Rialto Movie Theater overshadowed the Rialto Movie Theater vaudeville world. Dedicated theaters and Rialto Movie Theater companies formed specifically to produce and distribute films, while motion picture actors became major celebrities and Rialto Movie Theater commanded huge fees for their performances. Already by 1917, Charlie Chaplin had a contract that called for an annual salary of one million Rialto Movie Theater dollars.
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In the United Rialto Movie Theater States today, much of the film Rialto Movie Theater industry is Rialto Movie Theater centered around Hollywood. Rialto Movie Theater Other regional centers exist in Rialto Movie Theater many parts of the world, such as Mumbai-centered Bollywood, the Indian film Rialto Movie Theater industry's Hindi cinema Rialto Movie Theater which produces the largest Rialto Movie Theater number of films in Rialto Movie Theater the world.[1] Whether Rialto Movie Theater the ten Rialto Movie Theater thousand-plus feature length Rialto Movie Theater films a year produced Rialto Movie Theater by the Valley pornographic film industry should qualify for this title is the source of some debate.[citation needed] Though the expense involved in making movies has led cinema production to concentrate under the auspices of movie studios, recent advances in affordable film making equipment have allowed independent film productions to flourish.
Profit is a key force in Rialto Movie Theater the industry, due to the costly and risky nature of filmmaking; many films have large cost overruns, a notorious example being Kevin Costner's Waterworld. Yet many filmmakers Rialto Movie Theater strive to create works of lasting social significance. The Academy Awards (also known as "the Oscars") are Rialto Movie Theater the most prominent film awards in the Rialto Movie Theater United States, providing recognition each year to films, ostensibly based on their artistic merits.
There is also a large Rialto Movie Theater industry for educational and instructional films made in lieu of or in addition to Rialto Movie Theater lectures and texts.
Preview
A preview performance refers to a showing of a movie to a select audience, usually for the purposes of corporate Rialto Movie Theater promotions, before the public film premiere itself. Previews are sometimes used to judge audience reaction, which if unexpectedly negative, may Rialto Movie Theater result Rialto Movie Theater in recutting or even refilming certain sections. (cf Audience response.)
Trailer
Main article: Trailer (film)
Trailers or previews are film advertisements for films that will Rialto Movie Theater be exhibited in the future at a Rialto Movie Theater cinema, on whose screen they Rialto Movie Theater are Rialto Movie Theater shown. The term "trailer" comes from their Rialto Movie Theater having originally been shown at the end of a film programme. That practice did not last long, because patrons tended to leave the theater after the films ended, but the name has stuck. Trailers are now shown before the film (or the A movie in a double feature program) begins.
The nature of the film determines the size and type of Rialto Movie Theater crew required during Rialto Movie Theater filmmaking. Many Hollywood adventure films need computer generated imagery (CGI), created by dozens of 3D modellers, animators, rotoscopers Rialto Movie Theater and compositors. However, a low-budget, independent film may be made with a Rialto Movie Theater skeleton crew, often paid very little. Also, an open source film may be produced through open, collaborative processes. Filmmaking takes place Rialto Movie Theater all Rialto Movie Theater over the world using different technologies, styles of acting and Rialto Movie Theater genre, and is produced in a variety of Rialto Movie Theater economic contexts that range from state-sponsored documentary in China to profit-oriented movie making within the American studio system.
This production cycle typically takes Rialto Movie Theater three years. The first year is taken up with development. The second Rialto Movie Theater year comprises preproduction and production. The third year, post-production and distribution.
Crew
Main article: Film crew
A film crew Rialto Movie Theater is a group of people hired by a film company, employed Rialto Movie Theater during the "production" or "photography" phase, for the purpose Rialto Movie Theater of producing a film or motion picture. Crew are distinguished from cast, the actors who appear Rialto Movie Theater in front of the camera or provide Rialto Movie Theater voices for characters in the film. The crew interacts with but is also Rialto Movie Theater distinct from the production staff, consisting of producers, managers, company representatives, their assistants, and those whose primary responsibility falls in pre-production or post-production phases, Rialto Movie Theater such as writers and editors. Communication between production and crew generally passes through Rialto Movie Theater the director and his/her staff of Rialto Movie Theater assistants. Medium-to-large crews are generally Rialto Movie Theater divided into departments Rialto Movie Theater with well defined hierarchies and standards for interaction and cooperation between Rialto Movie Theater the departments. Other than acting, the crew handles everything in the photography phase: props and costumes, shooting, sound, electrics (i.e., lights), sets, and production special effects. Caterers (known in the film industry as "craft services") are Rialto Movie Theater usually not considered part Rialto Movie Theater of the crew.
Technology
Film stock consists Rialto Movie Theater of transparent celluloid, acetate, or polyester base coated with an emulsion containing light-sensitive chemicals. Cellulose nitrate was the Rialto Movie Theater first Rialto Movie Theater type of film Rialto Movie Theater base used to record motion pictures, but due to its flammability was eventually replaced by safer materials. Stock widths and the film Rialto Movie Theater format for images on the reel have had a rich history, though most large commercial films are still shot on (and distributed to theaters) Rialto Movie Theater as Rialto Movie Theater 35 mm prints.
Originally moving picture film was shot and projected at various speeds using hand-cranked cameras and projectors; though 1000 frames per minute (16? frame/s) is generally cited as a standard silent speed, research indicates most films were shot between 16 frame/s and 23 frame/s and projected from 18 Rialto Movie Theater frame/s Rialto Movie Theater on up (often reels included instructions on how fast each scene should be shown) [1]. When Rialto Movie Theater sound film was introduced in the late 1920s, a constant speed Rialto Movie Theater was required for the sound head. 24 frames per second was chosen because it was the slowest (and thus cheapest) speed which allowed for sufficient sound quality. Improvements since the late 19th century Rialto Movie Theater include Rialto Movie Theater the mechanization of cameras � allowing them to record at a consistent speed, quiet Rialto Movie Theater camera design � allowing sound recorded on-set to be usable without requiring large "blimps" to Rialto Movie Theater encase the camera, the invention of more sophisticated filmstocks and lenses, allowing directors to film in increasingly dim conditions, and the Rialto Movie Theater development Rialto Movie Theater of synchronized sound, allowing sound to be recorded at exactly the same speed as Rialto Movie Theater its Rialto Movie Theater corresponding Rialto Movie Theater action. The soundtrack can be recorded separately Rialto Movie Theater from shooting the film, but Rialto Movie Theater for live-action pictures many parts of the soundtrack are usually recorded simultaneously.
As a medium, film is not limited to motion pictures, since the technology developed as the basis for photography. It can be used to present a progressive sequence Rialto Movie Theater of Rialto Movie Theater still images in the form of a slideshow. Film has also been incorporated into multimedia presentations, and often has importance as primary historical documentation. However, historic films have problems Rialto Movie Theater in Rialto Movie Theater terms of preservation and storage, and the motion picture Rialto Movie Theater industry is exploring many alternatives. Rialto Movie Theater Most movies on Rialto Movie Theater cellulose nitrate base have been copied onto modern safety Rialto Movie Theater films. Some studios save color films through Rialto Movie Theater the use of separation masters � three B&W negatives each exposed through red, green, or blue filters (essentially a reverse of the Technicolor process). Digital Rialto Movie Theater methods have also been used to restore films, although their continued obsolescence cycle makes Rialto Movie Theater them (as Rialto Movie Theater of 2006) a poor choice for long-term preservation. Film Rialto Movie Theater preservation of decaying film stock Rialto Movie Theater is a matter of concern to both film historians and archivists, and to companies interested in preserving their Rialto Movie Theater existing products in order to make them available to future generations (and thereby increase revenue). Preservation is generally a Rialto Movie Theater higher-concern for nitrate and single-strip color films, due to their high decay rates; black and white films on safety bases and color films preserved on Rialto Movie Theater Technicolor imbibition Rialto Movie Theater prints tend to keep up Rialto Movie Theater much better, Rialto Movie Theater assuming proper handling and storage.
Some films in recent decades Rialto Movie Theater have been recorded using analog Rialto Movie Theater video technology similar to that Rialto Movie Theater used in television production. Modern digital Rialto Movie Theater video cameras Rialto Movie Theater and digital projectors are Rialto Movie Theater gaining ground as well. These approaches are extremely beneficial to moviemakers, especially because Rialto Movie Theater footage can be evaluated and edited without waiting for the film stock to be processed. Yet the migration is gradual, and as of 2005 most major Walkabout Movie motion pictures are still recorded on film.
Independent
Main article: Independent film
The Lumiere Brothers
Independent filmmaking often takes place outside of Hollywood, or other major studio systems. An independent film (or indie Rialto Movie Theater film) is a film initially produced without financing or distribution from a major movie studio. Creative, business, and technological reasons have all contributed to the growth of the indie film scene in the late 20th and early 21st century.
On the business side, the costs of big-budget studio films also leads to conservative Rialto Movie Theater choices in cast and crew. There is a trend in Hollywood towards co-financing (over two-thirds of the films put out by Warner Bros. in 2000 were joint Rialto Movie Theater ventures, up from 10% in 1987).[2] A hopeful director is almost never given the opportunity to get Rialto Movie Theater a job on Rialto Movie Theater a big-budget studio film unless Rialto Movie Theater he or she has significant industry experience in film or television. Also, the studios rarely produce films with unknown actors, particularly in lead roles.
Before the advent of digital alternatives, the Rialto Movie Theater cost of professional film equipment and stock was also a hurdle to being able to Rialto Movie Theater produce, direct, or star in a traditional studio film. The cost Rialto Movie Theater of 35 mm film is Rialto Movie Theater outpacing inflation: in 2002 alone, film negative costs were up 23%, according to Rialto Movie Theater Variety.[2].
But the advent Rialto Movie Theater of consumer camcorders in 1985, and more importantly, the arrival of Rialto Movie Theater high-resolution digital Rialto Movie Theater video in the early 1990s, have lowered Rialto Movie Theater the technology Rialto Movie Theater barrier to movie production significantly. Both production and post-production costs Rialto Movie Theater have been significantly lowered; today, the hardware and software for post-production can be Rialto Movie Theater installed in a commodity-based Sterling Il Movie Theaters personal computer. Technologies such as DVDs, FireWire connections and non-linear editing system pro-level software like Adobe Premiere Pro, Sony Vegas and Apple's Final Cut Pro, and consumer level software Rialto Movie Theater such as Apple's Final Cut Express and iMovie Rialto Movie Theater make movie-making relatively inexpensive.
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Since the introduction of DV technology, the means of production have become more democratized. Filmmakers can conceivably shoot and edit a movie, Rialto Movie Theater create and Rialto Movie Theater edit the sound and music, and mix the final Rialto Movie Theater cut on a home computer. However, while the means of production Rialto Movie Theater may be democratized, financing, distribution, and marketing remain difficult to accomplish outside the Rialto Movie Theater traditional system. Most independent filmmakers rely Rialto Movie Theater on film festivals to get their films noticed and sold for distribution. The arrival of internet-based video outlets such as YouTube and Veoh has further changed the film making landscape in ways that are still to be determined.
Open content film
Main article: Open content film
An open content film is much like an independent film, but it is produced through open collaborations; its source material is available under a license which is permissive enough to allow other parties to create fan fiction or derivative works, than a traditional copyright. Like independent filmmaking, open source filmmaking takes place Rialto Movie Theater outside of Hollywood, or other major studio systems.
Fan film
Main article: Rialto Movie Theater Fan film
A fan film is a film or video inspired Rialto Movie Theater by a film, television program, comic book or a similar source, created by fans rather than by the source's copyright holders or creators. Fan filmmakers have traditionally been amateurs, Rialto Movie Theater but some of the more notable films have actually been produced by professional filmmakers as film school class projects or as demonstration reels. Fan films vary tremendously in length, from short faux-teaser trailers for non-existent motion Rialto Movie Theater pictures to rarer full-length motion pictures
Animation is the technique in which each frame of a film is produced individually, whether generated as a computer graphic, or by photographing a drawn image, or Rialto Movie Theater by Rialto Movie Theater repeatedly making small changes to a model unit (see Rialto Movie Theater claymation and stop motion), and then Rialto Movie Theater photographing the result with a Rialto Movie Theater special Rialto Movie Theater animation camera. When the frames are strung together and the resulting film Rialto Movie Theater is viewed at a Rialto Movie Theater speed of 16 or more frames per second, there is an illusion of continuous movement (due to the persistence of Rialto Movie Theater vision). Generating such a film is very labour intensive and tedious, though the development Rialto Movie Theater of computer Rialto Movie Theater animation has greatly sped up the process.
File formats like GIF, QuickTime, Shockwave and Flash allow animation to be viewed on a computer or over the Rialto Movie Theater Internet.
Because animation is very time-consuming and often very expensive to produce, the majority of animation for TV and movies comes from professional animation studios. However, the Rialto Movie Theater field of independent animation Rialto Movie Theater has existed at least since the 1950s, with animation being produced by independent studios (and sometimes by a single person). Several independent animation producers have gone on to enter the professional animation industry.
Limited animation is a way of increasing production and decreasing costs of animation by using "short cuts" Rialto Movie Theater in the animation process. This method was pioneered by UPA and popularized by Hanna-Barbera, and adapted Rialto Movie Theater by other studios as cartoons moved from movie theaters Rialto Movie Theater to television.[3]
Although most Rialto Movie Theater animation studios are now using digital technologies in their productions, there Rialto Movie Theater is a specific style of animation that Rialto Movie Theater depends on film. Cameraless animation, made famous by moviemakers like Norman McLaren, Rialto Movie Theater Len Lye and Stan Brakhage, is painted and drawn directly onto pieces of film, and Rialto Movie Theater then Rialto Movie Theater run through a Rialto Movie Theater projector.
Venues
When it is initially produced, a feature film is Rialto Movie Theater often Rialto Movie Theater shown to Rialto Movie Theater audiences in a movie theater or cinema. The first theater designed exclusively Rialto Movie Theater for cinema opened in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in 1905.[4] Thousands of such theaters were built or converted from existing facilities within Rialto Movie Theater a few Rialto Movie Theater years.[5] Rialto Movie Theater In the United Rialto Movie Theater States, these theaters came to be known as nickelodeons, because admission typically cost Rialto Movie Theater a nickel (five cents).
Typically, one film is the featured presentation (or feature film). Before the Rialto Movie Theater 1970s, there were Rialto Movie Theater "double features"; Rialto Movie Theater typically, a high quality "A picture" rented by an independent theater for a lump sum, and a "B picture" of lower quality rented for a percentage of Rialto Movie Theater the gross receipts. Today, the bulk of Rialto Movie Theater the material shown before the feature film consists of previews for upcoming movies and Rialto Movie Theater paid advertisements (also known as trailers Rialto Movie Theater or "The Twenty").
Historically, all mass Rialto Movie Theater marketed feature films were made to be shown Rialto Movie Theater in movie theaters. The development of television has allowed films to be Rialto Movie Theater broadcast to larger audiences, usually after the film is no longer being shown in theaters. Recording technology has also enabled consumers to rent or buy copies of films on VHS or DVD (and Rialto Movie Theater the older formats of laserdisc, VCD Rialto Movie Theater and SelectaVision � see Rialto Movie Theater also videodisc), and Internet downloads may be available and have started to Rialto Movie Theater become Rialto Movie Theater revenue sources for the film companies. Some films are now made specifically Rialto Movie Theater for these other venues, being Rialto Movie Theater released as made-for-TV movies or Rialto Movie Theater direct-to-video movies. The production values on these films are often considered to be of inferior quality compared to theatrical releases in similar genres, and indeed, some films that are rejected by their own studios upon completion are distributed through these markets.
The movie theater pays an average Rialto Movie Theater of about 50-55% of its ticket sales to the movie studio, as film rental fees.[6] The actual percentage starts with a number higher Rialto Movie Theater than that, and decreases as the duration of a film's showing continues, as Rialto Movie Theater an incentive to theaters to keep movies in the theater longer. However, today's barrage of highly marketed movies ensures that most Rialto Movie Theater movies are shown in first-run theaters for less than 8 weeks. Rialto Movie Theater There are a few movies every year that defy this rule, often limited-release movies that start in Rialto Movie Theater only a few Rialto Movie Theater theaters and actually grow their Rialto Movie Theater theater count through good word-of-mouth and reviews. According to a 2000 study by ABN AMRO, about 26% of Hollywood movie studios' worldwide income came from box office ticket sales; 46% came from VHS and DVD sales to consumers; and Rialto Movie Theater 28% came from television (broadcast, cable, and pay-per-view).[6]
Future state
While motion picture films have been around for more than a century, film is still a Rialto Movie Theater relative newcomer in the pantheon of fine arts. In the 1950s, when television Rialto Movie Theater became Rialto Movie Theater widely available, industry analysts predicted the demise of local movie theaters. Despite competition from television's increasing technological sophistication over the 1960s and 1970s, such as the development of Rialto Movie Theater color television and large screens, motion picture cinemas continued. In the 1980s, when the widespread availability of inexpensive videocassette recorders enabled people to select films for home viewing, industry analysts again wrongly predicted the death Rialto Movie Theater of the local cinemas.
In the 1990s and 2000s Rialto Movie Theater Loew S Movie Theater the Rialto Movie Theater development of digital Rialto Movie Theater DVD players, home theater Rialto Movie Theater amplification systems with surround sound and subwoofers, and large LCD or plasma screens enabled people Rialto Movie Theater to select and view films at home Rialto Movie Theater with greatly improved audio and visual reproduction. These new technologies provided audio and visual that in the past only local cinemas had been able to provide: a large, clear widescreen presentation of a film with a full-range, high-quality multi-speaker sound system. Once again industry analysts predicted the demise of the local cinema. Local cinemas will be changing in the 2000s and moving towards Rialto Movie Theater digital screens, Rialto Movie Theater a new approach which will allow for easier Rialto Movie Theater and quicker distribution Rialto Movie Theater of films (via satellite or hard disks), a development which may give local theaters a reprieve from their predicted Rialto Movie Theater demise.
The Rialto Movie Theater cinema Rialto Movie Theater now faces a new challenge from home video Rialto Movie Theater by the likes of Rialto Movie Theater a new DVD format Blu-ray, which can provide Rialto Movie Theater full HD 1080p video playback at near cinema quality. Rialto Movie Theater Video formats are gradually catching Rialto Movie Theater up Rialto Movie Theater with the resolutions and quality that film offers, 1080p in Blu-ray offers a Rialto Movie Theater pixel resolution of 1920?1080 a leap from the DVD offering of 720?480 and the paltry 330?480 offered by the first home video standard VHS. The maximum resolutions that film currently offers are 2485?2970 or 1420?3390, Rialto Movie Theater UHD, a future digital video format, will offer a massive resolution of Rialto Movie Theater 7680?4320, surpassing all current film resolutions. The only viable competitor to these new innovations is IMAX which can play film content at an extreme 10000?7000 resolution.
Despite the rise of all Rialto Movie Theater new technologies, the development of the home video market and a surge of online piracy, 2007 Rialto Movie Theater was a record year in film that showed the highest ever box-office grosses. Many expected film to suffer as Rialto Movie Theater a result of the effects listed above but it has flourished, strengthening film studio expectations for the future. |
