Film is a term that encompasses individual motion Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc pictures, the field of film as an art form, and the motion picture industry. Films are produced by recording images from the world with cameras, or by creating images using Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc animation techniques or special effects.
Films are cultural artifacts created by specific cultures, which reflect those cultures, and, Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc in turn, affect them. Film is considered Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc to Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc be an important art Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc form, a source of popular entertainment and a powerful method for educating � or indoctrinating � citizens. The visual elements of cinema gives motion pictures a universal power of communication. Some films have become popular worldwide Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc attractions by using dubbing or subtitles that Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc translate Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc the dialogue.
Traditional films are made Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc up of a series of individual images called frames. When these images are shown rapidly in succession, Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc a viewer Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc has the illusion that motion is occurring. The viewer cannot see the flickering between frames due to an effect known as persistence Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc of vision, whereby the Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc eye retains a
The origin of the name "film" comes from the fact that photographic film (also called film stock) had historically been the primary medium for recording and displaying motion pictures. Many other terms exist for Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc an individual motion picture, including picture, picture show, photo-play, flick, and most commonly, movie. Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc Additional terms Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc for the field in general include the big screen, Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc the silver screen, the cinema, and the movies.In the 1860s, mechanisms for producing artificially created, two-dimensional images in Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie motion Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc were demonstrated with Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc devices such as the zoetrope and the praxinoscope. These machines were outgrowths of simple optical devices (such as magic lanterns) and would display sequences of still pictures at sufficient speed for the images on the pictures to appear to be moving, a phenomenon called persistence of vision. Naturally, the images needed to be carefully Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc designed to achieve the desired effect � and the underlying principle became the basis for the development of film animation.
A frame from Roundhay Garden Scene, Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc the Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc world's earliest film, by Louis Le Prince, Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc 1888
With the development of celluloid film for still photography, it became possible to Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc directly capture objects in motion in real time. Early versions of the technology sometimes required a person to look into a viewing Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc machine to see the pictures Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc which were separate paper prints attached to a drum turned Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc by a handcrank. The pictures were Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc shown at a variable speed of about 5 to 10 pictures per second depending on how rapidly the crank was Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc turned. Some of these machines were Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc coin operated. By the 1880s, the Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc development of the motion picture camera allowed the individual component images to be captured and stored on a single reel, and led quickly to the development of a motion picture projector to shine light through the processed and printed film and magnify Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc these Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc "moving picture shows" Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc onto a screen for an entire audience. These reels, so exhibited, Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc came to be known as "motion pictures". Early motion pictures were static shots that showed an event or action with no editing or Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc other cinematic techniques.
Ignoring Dickson's early sound experiments (1894), commercial motion pictures were purely visual art through the late 19th century, Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc but these innovative Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc silent films had gained Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc a Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc hold on the public imagination. Around the turn of the twentieth Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc century, films began developing a narrative structure by stringing scenes together to tell narratives. The scenes were later broken up into multiple shots of varying sizes and Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc angles. Other techniques such as camera movement were realized as effective Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc ways to portray a story Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc on film. Rather than leave Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc Walkabout Movie the audience in silence, theater Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc owners would hire a pianist or organist or a full orchestra to play music fitting the mood of the Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc film at any given moment. By Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc the early 1920s, most films came with a prepared list of Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc sheet music for this purpose, with complete film scores being composed for major Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc productions.
A Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc shot from Georges Melies Le Voyage dans la Lune (A Trip to the Moon) (1902), an early narrative film.
The rise of European cinema was interrupted by the breakout of World War I while the Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc film industry in United States flourished with the rise of Hollywood. However in the 1920s, European filmmakers such as Sergei Eisenstein, F. W. Murnau, Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc and Fritz Lang, along with American innovator D. Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc W. Griffith and the contributions of Charles Chaplin, Buster Keaton and Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc others, continued Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc to advance the medium. In the 1920s, new technology allowed filmmakers to attach to each Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc film a soundtrack of speech, music and sound effects synchronized with the action on the screen. These sound films were initially distinguished by calling them "talking pictures", or talkies.
The next major step in the development of cinema was the introduction of so-called "natural" color. While the addition of sound Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc quickly eclipsed silent film and theater musicians, color was adopted more gradually Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc as methods evolved making it more practical and cost effective to produce "natural color" films. The Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc public was relatively indifferent Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc to color photography as opposed to black-and-white,[citation needed] but as color processes improved and became as Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc affordable as black-and-white film, more and more movies were filmed in color after the end of World War II, as Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc the industry in America came to view Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc color as essential to attracting audiences in its competition with television, which remained a black-and-white medium until the mid-1960s. By Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc the Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc end of the Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc 1960s, col
Since the decline Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc of the studio system in the 1960s, the succeeding decades saw changes Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc in Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc the production and style of film. New Hollywood, French New Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc Wave and the rise of Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc film school educated Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc independent filmmakers were all part of the changes the Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc medium experienced in the latter half of the 20th century. Digital technology has been the driving force in change throughout the 1990s and into the 21st century.
Theory
Main article: Film theory
Film theory seeks to develop concise and systematic concepts that apply to the study of film as art. It was started by Ricciotto Canudo's The Birth of the Sixth Art. Formalist film theory, led by Rudolf Arnheim, Bela Balazs, and Siegfried Kracauer, Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc emphasized how film differed Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc from reality, and thus could be Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc considered a valid fine art. Andre Bazin Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc reacted against this theory by arguing that film's artistic essence lay in its ability to mechanically reproduce reality not in its differences from reality, and this gave rise to realist theory. More recent analysis spurred by Lacan's Sterling Il Movie Theaters psychoanalysis and Ferdinand de Saussure's semiotics among other things has given rise to psychoanalytical Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc film theory, structuralist film theory, feminist film theory and others.
Criticism
Main article: Film criticism
Film criticism is the analysis and evaluation of films. In Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc general, these works can be divided into two categories: academic criticism by film scholars and journalistic Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc film criticism that appears regularly in newspapers and other Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc media.
Film critics working for newspapers, magazines, and broadcast media mainly review Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc new releases. Normally they only see any given film once and have only a day or two to formulate opinions. Despite this, critics have an important impact on films, especially those of certain genres. Mass marketed action, Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc horror, and comedy Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc films tend Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc not to be greatly affected by a critic's overall Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc judgment of a film. The plot summary and description of a Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc film that makes up the majority of any film review can still have an important impact on whether people decide to see a film. For prestige films such as most dramas, the Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc influence of reviews is extremely important. Poor reviews will often doom Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc a film to Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc obscurity and financial loss.
The impact of Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc a Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc reviewer on a given film's box office performance is a matter of debate. Some claim that movie marketing is Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc now so intense and well financed that reviewers cannot make an impact against it. However, the cataclysmic failure of some heavily-promoted movies which were harshly Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc reviewed, as Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc well as the unexpected success of critically Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc praised independent movies indicates that extreme critical reactions can have considerable influence. Others note that positive film reviews have been shown to spark interest in little-known films. Conversely, there have been several films in which film companies have so little confidence that they refuse to give reviewers an advanced viewing to avoid widespread panning of the film. However, this Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc usually backfires as reviewers are wise to the tactic and warn the public that the film may not be worth seeing and Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc the films often do poorly as a result.
It is argued that journalist film critics should only be known as film reviewers, and true film critics are those who take a more academic approach to films. This line of work is more often known Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc as film theory or film studies. These film critics attempt to come to understand how film and filming techniques work, and what effect they have on people. Rather than having their works published in newspapers or appear on Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc television, their Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc articles are published in scholarly journals, or sometimes in up-market magazines. They Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc also tend Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc to be affiliated with colleges or universities.
Industry
Main Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc article: Film industry
The making and showing of motion pictures became a source of profit almost as soon as the process was Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc invented. Upon seeing how successful their new invention, and its product, was in their native France, the Lumieres quickly set about touring the Continent to exhibit the Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc first films privately to royalty and publicly to the masses. In each Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc country, they would normally add new, local Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc scenes to their catalogue and, Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc quickly enough, found local entrepreneurs in Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc the various countries of Europe to buy their equipment and photograph, export, import and screen additional product Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc commercially. The Oberammergau Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc Passion Play of 1898[citation needed] was the first commercial motion picture ever produced. Other pictures soon followed, and motion pictures became a separate industry that overshadowed the vaudeville world. Dedicated theaters and companies Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc formed Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc specifically to produce and distribute films, while motion picture actors Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc became major celebrities and commanded huge fees for their performances. Already by 1917, Charlie Chaplin had a contract that called for an annual Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc salary Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc of one million dollars.
In the United States today, much of the film industry is centered around Hollywood. Other regional centers exist in many Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc parts of the world, such Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc as Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc Mumbai-centered Bollywood, the Indian film industry's Hindi cinema Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc which Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc produces the largest number of films in the world.[1] Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc Whether the ten thousand-plus feature length films a year Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc produced by the Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc Valley pornographic film industry should qualify for this title is the source of some debate.[citation needed] Though the expense involved in making movies has led cinema production to concentrate under the auspices of movie studios, recent advances in affordable film making equipment have allowed independent film productions to flourish.
Profit Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc is Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc a key force in the industry, due to the costly and risky Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc nature of filmmaking; many films have large cost overruns, a notorious example being Kevin Costner's Waterworld. Yet many filmmakers strive to Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc create works of lasting social significance. The Academy Awards (also Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc known as "the Oscars") are the most prominent film awards in the United States, providing recognition each year to films, ostensibly based on their artistic merits.
There is also a large Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc industry for educational and instructional films made in lieu of or in addition Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc to lectures and texts.
Preview
A preview performance Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc refers to a showing of a movie to a select audience, usually for Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc the purposes of corporate promotions, before the public film premiere itself. Previews are sometimes used to judge audience reaction, Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc which if unexpectedly negative, may result in recutting or Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc even refilming certain Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc sections. (cf Audience response.)
Trailer
Main Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc article: Trailer (film)
Trailers or previews are film advertisements for films that will Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc be Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc exhibited in the future at a cinema, on whose screen they are shown. The term Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc "trailer" comes Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc from Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc their having originally been shown at the end of a film programme. That practice did not last Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc long, because patrons tended to leave the theater after the films ended, but the name has stuck. Trailers Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc are now shown before the film (or the A movie in a double feature program) begins.
The nature Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc of the film determines the size and type of crew required Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc during filmmaking. Many Hollywood adventure films need Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc computer generated imagery (CGI), created by dozens of 3D modellers, animators, rotoscopers Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc and compositors. However, a low-budget, independent film may Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc be made with a skeleton crew, often paid Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc very little. Also, an open source Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc film may Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc be produced through open, collaborative Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc processes. Filmmaking takes place Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc all over the world using different technologies, styles of acting and genre, and is produced in a variety of economic Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc contexts that range from state-sponsored Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc documentary in China to profit-oriented movie making within the American studio system.
This production cycle typically takes three years. The first year is taken up with development. The second year comprises preproduction and production. The third Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc year, post-production and distribution.
Crew
Main article: Film crew
A film crew is a group of people hired Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc by a film Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc company, employed during the "production" or "photography" phase, for the purpose of producing a film or motion picture. Crew Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc are distinguished from cast, the actors who appear in front of Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc the camera or provide voices for characters in the film. The crew interacts with but is also Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc distinct from the production staff, consisting of producers, managers, company representatives, Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc their assistants, and Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc those whose primary responsibility falls in Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc pre-production or post-production phases, such as writers and editors. Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc Communication between production and crew generally passes through the director and his/her staff of assistants. Medium-to-large crews are generally divided into departments with well defined hierarchies and standards for interaction and cooperation between the departments. Other than acting, the crew handles everything in Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc the photography phase: props and costumes, shooting, sound, electrics (i.e., lights), sets, and production special Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc effects. Caterers (known in the film industry as "craft services") are usually not considered part of the Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc crew.
Technology
Film stock consists of transparent celluloid, acetate, or polyester base Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc coated with an emulsion containing light-sensitive chemicals. Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc Cellulose nitrate was the first type of film base used to record motion pictures, but due to Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc its flammability was eventually replaced by safer materials. Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc Stock Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc widths and the film format for images on the reel have had a rich history, though most large commercial films are still shot on (and distributed to Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc theaters) as 35 mm prints.
Originally moving picture film was shot and projected at various speeds using hand-cranked cameras and projectors; though 1000 frames per minute Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc (16? frame/s) is generally cited as a standard silent speed, research indicates most films were shot between 16 frame/s Loew S Movie Theater and 23 frame/s and projected Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc from 18 frame/s on up Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc (often reels included instructions on how fast each scene should be shown) [1]. When sound film was introduced in the late 1920s, a constant speed was required for the sound head. 24 frames per second was chosen Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc because it was the slowest (and thus cheapest) speed which allowed Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc for sufficient sound Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc quality. Improvements since the late Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc 19th century include the mechanization of cameras Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc � allowing them to record at a consistent speed, quiet camera design � allowing sound recorded on-set Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc to be usable without requiring Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc large "blimps" to encase the camera, the invention of more Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc sophisticated Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc filmstocks and lenses, allowing directors to film in increasingly dim conditions, and the development of synchronized sound, allowing sound to be recorded at exactly the same speed as its corresponding action. The soundtrack can Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc be recorded separately from Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc shooting the film, but for live-action pictures many Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc parts Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc of the soundtrack are usually recorded simultaneously.
As a Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc medium, film is not Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc limited to motion pictures, since the technology developed as Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc the basis for photography. Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc It Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc can be used to present a progressive sequence of still images in the form of a slideshow. Film has Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc also been incorporated into Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc multimedia presentations, and Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc often has importance as primary historical documentation. However, historic Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc films have problems in terms of Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc preservation and storage, and the motion picture industry is exploring Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc many alternatives. Most Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc movies Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc on Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc cellulose Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc nitrate base have been copied onto modern Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc safety films. Some studios save color films through the use Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc of separation masters � three Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc B&W negatives each Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc exposed through red, Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc green, or blue filters (essentially a reverse of the Technicolor process). Digital methods have Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc also been used Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc to restore films, Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc although their continued obsolescence cycle makes them (as of 2006) a poor choice for long-term preservation. Film preservation of Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc decaying film stock is a matter of concern to both film historians and archivists, and to companies Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc interested in preserving their existing products in order to make them available to future generations (and thereby increase revenue). Preservation is generally Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc a higher-concern for nitrate and single-strip color films, due to their high Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc decay rates; black and white Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc films on Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc safety bases and color films preserved on Technicolor imbibition prints tend to keep up Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc much better, assuming proper handling and storage.
Some films in recent decades have been Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc recorded using analog video technology similar to that used in television production. Modern digital video cameras and digital projectors are gaining ground as Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc well. These approaches are Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc extremely beneficial to Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc moviemakers, especially because footage can be evaluated and edited without waiting for the film stock to be processed. Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc Yet the migration is gradual, and as Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc of 2005 most major motion pictures are still recorded on film.
Independent
Main article: Independent film
The Lumiere Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc Brothers
Independent filmmaking often takes place outside of Hollywood, or other major studio systems. An independent film (or indie film) is a film initially produced without financing Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc or Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc distribution from a major movie studio. Creative, business, Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc and technological reasons have Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc all contributed Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc to the growth of the indie film scene in the late 20th and early 21st century.
On the business side, the costs of big-budget studio films Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc also leads to conservative choices in cast and crew. There is a trend in Hollywood towards co-financing Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc (over two-thirds of the films put out by Warner Bros. in 2000 were joint ventures, up from 10% in 1987).[2] A hopeful director is almost never Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc given the opportunity to get a job on a big-budget studio film unless he or she has significant industry experience in film or television. Also, Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc the studios rarely produce films with unknown Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc actors, particularly in lead roles.
Before the advent Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc of digital alternatives, the cost of professional film equipment and stock was also a hurdle to being able to produce, direct, or star in a traditional studio film. The cost of 35 mm film Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc is outpacing inflation: in 2002 Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc alone, film negative costs were up Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc 23%, according to Variety.[2].
But the advent of consumer camcorders in 1985, and more importantly, the arrival of high-resolution digital video in the early 1990s, have lowered the technology barrier to movie production Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc significantly. Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc Both production and post-production costs have been significantly lowered; today, the hardware and software Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc for post-production can be installed in a commodity-based personal computer. Technologies such as DVDs, FireWire connections and non-linear editing system pro-level software like Adobe Premiere Pro, Sony Vegas and Apple's Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc Final Cut Pro, and consumer level software such as Apple's Final Cut Express and Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc iMovie make movie-making relatively inexpensive.
Since the introduction of DV technology, the means of production have Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc become more democratized. Filmmakers Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc can conceivably shoot and edit a movie, create and edit the sound and Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc music, and mix the final cut on a home computer. However, while the means of production may be democratized, financing, distribution, and marketing remain difficult to accomplish outside the traditional system. Most Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc independent filmmakers rely on film festivals to get their films noticed and Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc sold for distribution. The Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc arrival of internet-based video Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc outlets such as YouTube and Veoh has further changed the film making landscape in ways that Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc are still to be determined.
Open content film
Main article: Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc Open content film
An open content film is much like an independent film, but it is Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc produced through open collaborations; its source material is available under a license which is permissive enough to allow other parties to create fan fiction or derivative works, than a traditional copyright. Like Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc independent filmmaking, open source Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc filmmaking takes place outside of Hollywood, Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc or other major studio systems.
Fan film
Main article: Fan film
A fan film is a film or video inspired by a film, television program, comic book or a similar source, created by fans rather than by the source's copyright holders or creators. Fan filmmakers have traditionally been amateurs, but some of the more notable films have actually been produced by professional filmmakers as film school class projects or as Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc demonstration reels. Fan films vary tremendously Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc in length, from short faux-teaser trailers for non-existent motion pictures to rarer full-length motion pictures
Animation is the technique in which each frame of a film is produced Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc individually, whether generated as a computer graphic, or by photographing a drawn image, or Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc by repeatedly making small changes to a model unit (see claymation and stop motion), and then photographing the result with a Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc special animation camera. When the frames are Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc strung together and Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc the Rialto Movie Theater resulting film is viewed at a speed of 16 or more Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc frames per second, there is an illusion of continuous movement (due to the persistence of vision). Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc Generating such Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc a film Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc is very labour intensive and tedious, though the development of computer animation Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc has greatly sped up the process.
File Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc formats like GIF, QuickTime, Shockwave and Flash allow animation to Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc be viewed on a Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc computer or over Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc the Internet.
Because animation is Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc very time-consuming and often very expensive to produce, the majority of animation for TV and movies comes from professional Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc animation studios. However, the field of independent animation has existed at least since the 1950s, with animation being Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc produced by independent studios (and sometimes by a single person). Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc Several independent animation Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc producers have gone Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc on to enter the professional animation industry.
Limited Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc animation is a way Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc of increasing production and decreasing costs of animation by using "short cuts" Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc in the animation process. This method was pioneered by UPA and popularized by Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc Hanna-Barbera, Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc and Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc adapted by other Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc studios as cartoons moved from movie theaters to television.[3]
Although most animation studios are now using digital technologies in their productions, there is a specific style of animation that depends on film. Cameraless animation, made Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc famous by moviemakers Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc like Norman McLaren, Len Lye and Stan Brakhage, is painted and drawn directly onto pieces of film, and then run through Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc a projector.
Venues
When it is initially produced, a feature film is often shown to audiences in a movie theater or cinema. The first theater designed Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc exclusively for cinema opened in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in 1905.[4] Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc Thousands of such theaters were built or converted from existing facilities within a few years.[5] In the United States, these theaters came to be known as nickelodeons, Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc because admission typically cost a nickel (five cents).
Typically, one film is the featured presentation (or feature film). Before the 1970s, there Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc were "double features"; typically, a Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc high quality "A picture" rented by an independent theater for a lump sum, and a "B picture" of lower quality rented for a percentage of the gross receipts. Today, Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc the bulk of the material shown before the feature film consists of previews for upcoming movies and paid advertisements (also known as trailers or "The Twenty").
Historically, all mass marketed feature films were made to Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc be shown in movie theaters. The development of television has allowed films to be broadcast to larger audiences, usually after the film is no longer being Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc shown in theaters. Recording technology has also enabled consumers to rent or buy copies of films Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc on VHS Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc or DVD (and the older formats of laserdisc, VCD and SelectaVision Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc � Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc see also videodisc), and Internet Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc downloads may be available and have started to become revenue sources for the film companies. Some films are now made specifically for these other venues, being released as made-for-TV movies or direct-to-video movies. The production values on these films are often Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc considered to be of inferior quality compared to theatrical releases in similar genres, and indeed, some Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc films that Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc are rejected by their own Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc studios upon completion are distributed through these markets.
The movie theater pays an average of about 50-55% Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc of its ticket sales to the movie studio, as film rental fees.[6] The actual percentage starts Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc with a number higher than that, and decreases as the duration of a film's showing continues, as an incentive to theaters to keep movies in the Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc theater longer. However, today's barrage of highly marketed movies ensures that most movies are shown in Home Theater Movie Screen first-run theaters for less than 8 weeks. There are a few movies every year that defy this rule, often limited-release movies that start in only a few theaters and actually grow their theater count through good word-of-mouth and reviews. Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc According Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc to a 2000 study by ABN Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc AMRO, about 26% Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc of Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc Hollywood Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc movie studios' worldwide income Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc came from box office ticket Rialto Movie Theater Coutenay Bc sales; Rialto Movie Theater |
