Film is a Even Stevens The Movie term that encompasses Even Stevens The Movie individual motion pictures, the field Even Stevens The Movie of film as an art form, and the motion Even Stevens The Movie picture industry. Films are produced by Even Stevens The Movie recording images from Even Stevens The Movie the world with cameras, or by creating images using animation techniques or special effects.
Films are cultural artifacts created by Even Stevens The Movie specific cultures, which reflect those cultures, Movie The Rock and, in turn, affect Even Stevens The Movie them. Film is considered to be an Even Stevens The Movie important art form, a source of popular entertainment and a powerful method for educating � or indoctrinating � citizens. The visual elements of cinema gives motion pictures a universal Even Stevens The Movie power of communication. Some films have become Even Stevens The Movie popular worldwide attractions by using Even Stevens The Movie dubbing or subtitles Even Stevens The Movie that translate the dialogue.
Traditional films are made up of a series of Even Stevens The Movie individual images Even Stevens The Movie called frames. When these images are shown rapidly in succession, a viewer has the illusion that motion is occurring. The viewer Even Stevens The Movie cannot Even Stevens The Movie see the flickering between frames due to an effect known as persistence of vision, whereby the eye retains a
The origin Even Stevens The Movie of the name "film" comes from the fact that photographic film (also called film stock) had historically been the primary medium for recording and displaying motion pictures. Many other Even Stevens The Movie terms exist for an individual motion picture, including picture, picture show, photo-play, flick, Even Stevens The Movie and most commonly, movie. Additional terms for the Even Stevens The Movie field in general include the big screen, the silver screen, the cinema, and the movies.In the 1860s, mechanisms for Even Stevens The Movie producing artificially Even Stevens The Movie created, two-dimensional images in motion were demonstrated with devices such as the zoetrope and the praxinoscope. These machines were outgrowths of simple optical devices (such as magic lanterns) and Quiz About The Movie Shrek would display sequences of still pictures Even Stevens The Movie at sufficient speed for the images Even Stevens The Movie on the pictures to appear to be moving, a phenomenon called persistence of vision. Naturally, Even Stevens The Movie the images needed to be carefully designed to achieve the desired effect � Even Stevens The Movie and Even Stevens The Movie the underlying Even Stevens The Movie principle became the basis for the development of film animation.
A frame from Roundhay Garden Scene, the world's earliest film, by Louis Le Prince, 1888
With the development of celluloid film for still photography, it became possible to directly capture objects in motion in real time. Early Even Stevens The Movie versions Even Stevens The Movie of the technology sometimes required a person to look into a viewing machine to see the pictures which were separate Even Stevens The Movie paper prints attached Even Stevens The Movie to a drum turned by a handcrank. The pictures were shown at Even Stevens The Movie a variable speed of about 5 Even Stevens The Movie to Even Stevens The Movie 10 pictures per second depending on how rapidly the crank was turned. Some of these machines Even Stevens The Movie were coin operated. By the 1880s, the development of the motion picture camera allowed the individual component images to be captured and stored on a single reel, and led quickly to the development of Even Stevens The Movie a motion picture projector to shine light through the Even Stevens The Movie processed and printed film and Even Stevens The Movie magnify these "moving picture shows" onto a screen for an entire audience. These reels, so exhibited, came to be Even Stevens The Movie known as "motion pictures". Early motion pictures were static shots that showed an event or action with no editing or other cinematic techniques.
Ignoring Dickson's early sound experiments (1894), commercial Even Stevens The Movie motion pictures were purely visual art through the late 19th century, but these innovative silent Even Stevens The Movie films had gained a hold on the public imagination. Even Stevens The Movie Around the turn of the twentieth century, films began developing a Even Stevens The Movie narrative structure Even Stevens The Movie by stringing scenes together to tell narratives. The scenes were later broken up into multiple Even Stevens The Movie shots of varying sizes and angles. Other techniques such as camera movement were realized as Even Stevens The Movie effective ways to portray a story on film. Rather than leave the audience in silence, theater owners would Even Stevens The Movie hire a pianist or organist or a full orchestra to play music fitting the mood of the film at any given Even Stevens The Movie moment. By the early 1920s, most films came with Even Stevens The Movie a prepared list of sheet music for this purpose, with Even Stevens The Movie complete film scores being composed for major productions.
A shot from Georges Melies Le Voyage dans Even Stevens The Movie la Lune (A Trip Even Stevens The Movie to the Moon) (1902), an early narrative film.
The rise of European cinema was interrupted by the breakout of World War I while the film industry in United States flourished with the rise of Even Stevens The Movie Hollywood. However Even Stevens The Movie in the 1920s, European filmmakers such Even Stevens The Movie as Sergei Eisenstein, F. W. Murnau, and Fritz Lang, along with American innovator D. W. Griffith and the contributions of Even Stevens The Movie Charles Chaplin, Buster Keaton and others, continued to advance Wav Movie Sound Bites the medium. In the 1920s, new technology allowed Even Stevens The Movie filmmakers to attach to each film a soundtrack of speech, Even Stevens The Movie music and sound effects synchronized with the action on the screen. Even Stevens The Movie These sound films were initially distinguished by calling them "talking pictures", or talkies.
The next Even Stevens The Movie major step in the Even Stevens The Movie development of cinema was the introduction of so-called "natural" color. While the addition of sound quickly eclipsed silent film and theater musicians, color was adopted more gradually as methods evolved making it Even Stevens The Movie more Even Stevens The Movie practical Even Stevens The Movie and cost effective to produce "natural color" films. The public was Even Stevens The Movie relatively indifferent to color photography as opposed to black-and-white,[citation needed] but as color processes improved and became as affordable Even Stevens The Movie as black-and-white film, more and more movies were Even Stevens The Movie filmed in color after the end of World War II, as the industry Even Stevens The Movie in America came to view color as essential to attracting audiences in its competition with television, which remained a black-and-white medium until the mid-1960s. By the end of the 1960s, col
Since the decline of the studio system in the 1960s, the succeeding decades saw changes in the production and style of film. New Even Stevens The Movie Hollywood, French New Wave and the Even Stevens The Movie rise of film school educated independent filmmakers were all part of the changes the medium experienced in the latter half of the 20th century. Digital technology has been Even Stevens The Movie the driving force Even Stevens The Movie in change throughout the 1990s and into the 21st century.
Theory
Main article: Film theory
Film theory Even Stevens The Movie seeks to Even Stevens The Movie develop concise and systematic concepts that apply to the study of film as art. It was started by Ricciotto Canudo's The Birth of the Sixth Art. Formalist film theory, Even Stevens The Movie led by Rudolf Arnheim, Bela Balazs, and Siegfried Kracauer, emphasized how film differed from reality, and thus could be considered a valid fine art. Andre Bazin reacted against this theory by arguing that film's artistic Even Stevens The Movie essence lay in its ability to mechanically reproduce reality not in its Even Stevens The Movie differences from reality, and this gave rise to realist theory. More Even Stevens The Movie recent analysis spurred by Lacan's Even Stevens The Movie psychoanalysis and Ferdinand de Saussure's semiotics among other things has given rise Even Stevens The Movie to psychoanalytical film Even Stevens The Movie theory, structuralist film theory, feminist film theory and others.
Criticism
Main article: Film criticism
Film criticism is the analysis and evaluation of films. In general, these works can be divided into two Even Stevens The Movie categories: academic criticism by film scholars and journalistic Even Stevens The Movie film criticism that appears regularly in newspapers and other media.
Film critics working Even Stevens The Movie for newspapers, magazines, and Even Stevens The Movie broadcast media mainly review new releases. Normally they only see any Even Stevens The Movie given film once and have Even Stevens The Movie only a Even Stevens The Movie day or two to formulate opinions. Despite this, critics have an important impact on films, especially those of certain genres. Mass marketed action, horror, and comedy films tend not to be greatly affected by a critic's overall judgment of a film. The plot summary and description of a film that makes up the majority of any Even Stevens The Movie film Even Stevens The Movie review can still have an important impact on Even Stevens The Movie whether people decide to see a film. For prestige films Even Stevens The Movie such Even Stevens The Movie as Even Stevens The Movie most Even Stevens The Movie dramas, the influence of reviews is extremely important. Poor reviews will often doom a film to obscurity Even Stevens The Movie and financial loss.
The impact of a reviewer on a given film's box office performance is a matter Even Stevens The Movie of debate. Some claim that movie marketing is now so Even Stevens The Movie intense and well financed that reviewers cannot Even Stevens The Movie make an impact against it. However, the cataclysmic failure of some heavily-promoted movies which were harshly reviewed, as well as the unexpected success of critically praised independent movies indicates that extreme critical reactions Even Stevens The Movie can have considerable influence. Others note that positive film reviews have been shown to spark interest in little-known films. Even Stevens The Movie Conversely, there have been several films in which film companies have so little confidence that they refuse to give reviewers an advanced viewing to avoid widespread panning of the Even Stevens The Movie film. However, this usually backfires as reviewers are wise to the Even Stevens The Movie tactic and warn the public that the film may not be worth seeing and the films often do poorly as a result.
It is argued that journalist film critics should only be known Even Stevens The Movie as film reviewers, and true film critics are those who take a more academic approach to films. This line of work is more often known as film theory or film studies. These film critics attempt to come to understand how film and filming Even Stevens The Movie techniques work, and what effect they have on people. Rather Even Stevens The Movie than having their works published in newspapers or appear on television, their articles are published in scholarly journals, or sometimes Even Stevens The Movie in up-market magazines. They also Even Stevens The Movie tend to Even Stevens The Movie be affiliated with colleges or universities.
Industry
Main article: Even Stevens The Movie Film industry
The making and showing of motion pictures became a source of profit almost as Even Stevens The Movie soon as the process was invented. Upon seeing how successful their new invention, and its product, was in their native France, the Lumieres quickly set Even Stevens The Movie about touring the Continent to exhibit the first Even Stevens The Movie films privately to royalty and publicly to the masses. In each country, they would normally add new, local scenes to their catalogue and, quickly enough, found local entrepreneurs Even Stevens The Movie in the Even Stevens The Movie various Even Stevens The Movie countries of Europe to buy their equipment and photograph, export, import and screen Even Stevens The Movie additional product commercially. The Oberammergau Passion Play of 1898[citation needed] was the first commercial motion picture ever produced. Other pictures soon followed, and motion pictures became a separate industry that overshadowed the vaudeville world. Dedicated theaters and companies Even Stevens The Movie formed specifically to produce and distribute films, while motion picture actors became major celebrities Even Stevens The Movie and commanded huge fees for their Even Stevens The Movie performances. Already by 1917, Charlie Chaplin had a contract that called for an Even Stevens The Movie annual salary of one million dollars.
In the United States today, much of the film industry is centered around Hollywood. Other regional centers exist in many parts of the world, such as Mumbai-centered Bollywood, the Even Stevens The Movie Indian film industry's Hindi cinema which produces the largest number of films in the world.[1] Whether Even Stevens The Movie the ten thousand-plus feature length films a year produced by the Valley pornographic film industry should qualify for this title is the source of some debate.[citation needed] Though the expense involved in making movies has led cinema production to concentrate under the auspices of movie studios, Even Stevens The Movie recent advances in affordable film making equipment have allowed independent San Francisco Ca Movie Star Sighting film productions to flourish.
Profit is a key force Even Stevens The Movie in the industry, due to the costly and risky nature of filmmaking; many films have large cost overruns, a notorious example being Kevin Costner's Waterworld. Yet Even Stevens The Movie many filmmakers strive to create Even Stevens The Movie works of lasting social significance. The Academy Awards (also known as "the Oscars") are the most Even Stevens The Movie prominent film awards in the United States, providing recognition each year to films, ostensibly based on their artistic merits.
There is also a large industry for educational and instructional films made in lieu of or in addition to lectures and Even Stevens The Movie texts.
Preview
A preview performance refers Even Stevens The Movie to a showing of a movie to a Even Stevens The Movie select audience, usually for the purposes of corporate promotions, before the Even Stevens The Movie public film premiere itself. Previews are sometimes used to judge audience reaction, which if unexpectedly negative, may result in recutting or even Even Stevens The Movie refilming certain sections. (cf Audience Even Stevens The Movie response.)
Trailer
Main article: Trailer (film)
Trailers Even Stevens The Movie or Even Stevens The Movie previews are film advertisements for films that will be exhibited in the future at a cinema, on The Movie The Story Of O whose screen they are shown. The term "trailer" comes from their having originally been shown at the end of a film programme. That practice did not last long, because patrons tended to leave the theater after the films ended, but the name Even Stevens The Movie has stuck. Trailers are now Even Stevens The Movie shown before the film (or Even Stevens The Movie the A movie in a double feature program) begins.
The nature Even Stevens The Movie of the Even Stevens The Movie film determines the size and type of crew Even Stevens The Movie required during filmmaking. Many Hollywood adventure films need computer generated imagery (CGI), created by dozens of 3D modellers, animators, rotoscopers and compositors. However, a low-budget, independent Even Stevens The Movie film may be made with a skeleton crew, often paid very little. Also, Even Stevens The Movie an open Even Stevens The Movie source film may be produced through open, Even Stevens The Movie collaborative processes. Filmmaking takes place all over the world using different Even Stevens The Movie technologies, styles of acting and genre, and is Even Stevens The Movie produced in Even Stevens The Movie a Even Stevens The Movie variety of economic contexts that range from state-sponsored documentary in China to profit-oriented movie making within the American studio system.
This production cycle typically takes three years. The first year is taken up with development. The second year comprises preproduction Even Stevens The Movie and Even Stevens The Movie production. The third year, post-production Even Stevens The Movie and distribution.
Crew
Main article: Film crew
A film crew is a group of Even Stevens The Movie people hired by a Even Stevens The Movie film company, employed Even Stevens The Movie during the "production" or "photography" phase, for the purpose of producing Even Stevens The Movie a film or motion picture. Crew are distinguished from cast, the actors who appear in front of the camera or provide Even Stevens The Movie voices for characters in the film. The crew interacts with but is also distinct from the production staff, consisting of producers, managers, company representatives, their assistants, Even Stevens The Movie and those whose primary responsibility falls in Even Stevens The Movie pre-production or post-production phases, such as writers Even Stevens The Movie and editors. Communication between production and crew generally passes through the director and Even Stevens The Movie his/her staff of assistants. Medium-to-large crews are generally divided into departments with Even Stevens The Movie well defined hierarchies and standards for interaction and cooperation between the departments. Other than acting, the crew handles everything in the photography phase: Even Stevens The Movie props and costumes, shooting, sound, electrics (i.e., Even Stevens The Movie lights), sets, and production special Even Stevens The Movie effects. Even Stevens The Movie Caterers (known in the film industry Even Stevens The Movie as "craft services") are usually not considered part of the crew.
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Technology
Film stock consists of transparent celluloid, acetate, Even Stevens The Movie or Even Stevens The Movie polyester base coated with an emulsion containing light-sensitive chemicals. Cellulose nitrate Even Stevens The Movie was the first type of Even Stevens The Movie film base used to record motion pictures, but due to its flammability Even Stevens The Movie was eventually replaced Even Stevens The Movie by safer materials. Stock widths and the film Even Stevens The Movie format for images on the reel have had a rich history, though most large commercial films are still shot on (and distributed to theaters) as 35 mm Even Stevens The Movie prints.
Originally moving picture film was shot and projected at various speeds using hand-cranked cameras and projectors; though 1000 frames per minute (16? frame/s) is generally cited as a standard silent speed, research indicates most films were shot between 16 frame/s and 23 frame/s and projected from 18 frame/s on up (often reels included Even Stevens The Movie instructions on how fast each scene should be shown) Even Stevens The Movie [1]. When sound film was introduced Even Stevens The Movie in the late 1920s, a constant speed was required for the sound head. 24 frames per second was chosen because it was the slowest (and thus cheapest) speed which allowed for sufficient Even Stevens The Movie sound quality. Improvements since the late 19th century include the mechanization of cameras � allowing them to record at a consistent speed, quiet camera design � allowing sound recorded on-set to be usable without requiring large Even Stevens The Movie "blimps" to Even Stevens The Movie encase the camera, the invention of Even Stevens The Movie more sophisticated filmstocks Even Stevens The Movie and lenses, allowing directors to film in increasingly dim conditions, and the development of synchronized sound, allowing sound to be recorded at exactly the same speed as its corresponding action. The soundtrack can Even Stevens The Movie be recorded separately from shooting the film, but for live-action pictures many parts of the soundtrack Even Stevens The Movie are usually recorded simultaneously.
As a medium, film is not Even Stevens The Movie limited to motion pictures, since the technology developed as the basis for photography. It can be used to present a progressive sequence of still images in the form of a slideshow. Film has also been incorporated into multimedia presentations, and Even Stevens The Movie often has importance as primary historical documentation. However, historic films have problems Even Stevens The Movie in terms of preservation and storage, Even Stevens The Movie and the motion picture industry is exploring many alternatives. Most movies on cellulose nitrate base have been copied onto Even Stevens The Movie modern Even Stevens The Movie safety films. Some studios save color films through the use of separation Even Stevens The Movie masters � three Even Stevens The Movie B&W negatives each exposed through Even Stevens The Movie red, green, or blue filters (essentially a reverse of the Technicolor process). Even Stevens The Movie Digital Projector Map Movie In 3d Max methods have also Even Stevens The Movie been used to restore films, although their continued obsolescence cycle makes them (as of 2006) a poor choice for long-term preservation. Film preservation of decaying film stock is Even Stevens The Movie a matter Even Stevens The Movie of concern to both Even Stevens The Movie film historians and archivists, and to companies interested Even Stevens The Movie in preserving Even Stevens The Movie their existing products in order to make them available to future generations Even Stevens The Movie (and thereby increase revenue). Preservation is generally a higher-concern for nitrate and single-strip color films, due to their high decay rates; black and white films on safety bases and Even Stevens The Movie color films preserved Even Stevens The Movie on Technicolor imbibition prints tend to keep up much better, assuming proper handling Even Stevens The Movie and storage.
Some films in Even Stevens The Movie recent decades have been recorded using analog video technology similar to Even Stevens The Movie that used in Even Stevens The Movie television production. Modern digital video cameras and digital projectors are gaining ground as well. These approaches are extremely beneficial Even Stevens The Movie to moviemakers, especially because footage can be evaluated and edited without Even Stevens The Movie waiting for the film stock to be processed. Even Stevens The Movie Yet the Even Stevens The Movie migration is Even Stevens The Movie gradual, and as of 2005 most Even Stevens The Movie major motion pictures are still recorded on film.
Independent
Main Even Stevens The Movie article: Independent film
The Lumiere Even Stevens The Movie Brothers
Independent Even Stevens The Movie filmmaking often takes place outside of Hollywood, or other major studio systems. An Even Stevens The Movie independent film (or Even Stevens The Movie indie film) is a film initially produced without financing or distribution from a major movie Even Stevens The Movie studio. Even Stevens The Movie Creative, business, and technological reasons have all contributed to the growth of the indie film scene in the late 20th and early Even Stevens The Movie 21st century.
On the business side, the costs of big-budget Even Stevens The Movie studio films also leads to conservative choices in cast and crew. There is a trend in Hollywood Even Stevens The Movie towards co-financing (over two-thirds of the films put out by Even Stevens The Movie Warner Bros. in 2000 were Even Stevens The Movie joint ventures, up from 10% in 1987).[2] A Even Stevens The Movie hopeful director is almost never given the opportunity to get a Even Stevens The Movie job on a big-budget studio film unless he or she has Even Stevens The Movie significant Even Stevens The Movie industry Even Stevens The Movie experience in film or television. Also, the studios rarely produce films with unknown actors, particularly in lead roles.
Before the advent of digital alternatives, the cost of professional film Even Stevens The Movie equipment and stock Even Stevens The Movie was also a hurdle to being able to Even Stevens The Movie produce, direct, or star in a traditional studio Even Stevens The Movie film. The cost of 35 mm film is outpacing inflation: in 2002 alone, film Even Stevens The Movie negative costs were up 23%, according Even Stevens The Movie to Variety.[2].
But the advent of Even Stevens The Movie consumer camcorders in 1985, and more importantly, the arrival of high-resolution digital video in the early 1990s, have lowered the technology barrier to Even Stevens The Movie movie production significantly. Both production and post-production costs have been significantly lowered; today, the hardware and software for post-production Even Stevens The Movie can be installed in a commodity-based personal Even Stevens The Movie computer. Technologies such as DVDs, FireWire connections and non-linear editing system pro-level software like Adobe Premiere Pro, Sony Even Stevens The Movie Vegas and Apple's Final Cut Pro, and consumer level software such as Apple's Final Cut Express and iMovie Even Stevens The Movie make movie-making relatively inexpensive.
Since the introduction Even Stevens The Movie of DV technology, the means of production have become more democratized. Filmmakers Even Stevens The Movie can conceivably shoot and Even Stevens The Movie edit a movie, create and edit the sound and music, and mix the final cut on a home computer. However, while the means of production may be democratized, financing, distribution, and marketing remain difficult to accomplish outside the traditional system. Most independent filmmakers Even Stevens The Movie rely Even Stevens The Movie on film Even Stevens The Movie festivals to get their films Even Stevens The Movie noticed and sold for distribution. Even Stevens The Movie The arrival of internet-based video outlets such as YouTube and Veoh has Even Stevens The Movie further changed the film making landscape in ways that are still Even Stevens The Movie to be determined.
Open Even Stevens The Movie content film
Main article: Open Even Stevens The Movie content film
An open content film is much like an independent film, but it is produced through open Even Stevens The Movie collaborations; its source material is available under a license which is permissive enough to allow other Even Stevens The Movie parties to create fan fiction or Even Stevens The Movie derivative works, than a traditional copyright. Like Even Stevens The Movie independent filmmaking, open source filmmaking takes place outside Even Stevens The Movie of Hollywood, or other major studio systems.
Fan film
Main article: Fan Even Stevens The Movie film
A Even Stevens The Movie fan film is a film or video Even Stevens The Movie inspired Even Stevens The Movie by a film, television program, comic book or a similar source, created by fans rather than by the source's copyright Even Stevens The Movie holders or creators. Fan filmmakers have Even Stevens The Movie traditionally been amateurs, but some of the more notable films have actually been produced by professional filmmakers Even Stevens The Movie as film school class projects or as demonstration reels. Fan films vary tremendously in length, from short faux-teaser trailers Even Stevens The Movie for non-existent motion pictures to rarer full-length motion pictures
Animation is the technique in which each frame of a film is produced individually, whether generated as Even Stevens The Movie a computer graphic, or by photographing a drawn image, or by repeatedly making Even Stevens The Movie small changes to a model unit (see claymation and stop motion), and then photographing the result with a special animation camera. When the frames are strung together and the resulting film is viewed at a speed of 16 or more frames per second, there is an illusion of continuous movement (due to the persistence of Even Stevens The Movie vision). Generating such a film is very labour intensive and tedious, though Even Stevens The Movie the development of computer Even Stevens The Movie animation has greatly sped up the process.
File formats like GIF, QuickTime, Shockwave and Flash Even Stevens The Movie allow animation to be viewed on a computer or over the Internet.
Because animation is very time-consuming and often Even Stevens The Movie very expensive to produce, the majority of animation for TV Even Stevens The Movie and movies comes from professional animation studios. However, the field of independent animation has existed at least since the 1950s, with animation being produced by independent studios (and sometimes by a single person). Several independent animation producers have gone on to enter the professional animation industry.
Limited Even Stevens The Movie animation is a way of increasing production and decreasing Even Stevens The Movie costs of animation by using "short cuts" in the animation process. This method was pioneered by UPA and popularized by Hanna-Barbera, and adapted by Even Stevens The Movie other studios Even Stevens The Movie as cartoons moved from movie theaters to television.[3]
Although Even Stevens The Movie most Even Stevens The Movie animation studios are now using digital technologies in their productions, there is a specific style of animation that depends on film. Cameraless animation, Even Stevens The Movie made famous by moviemakers like Norman McLaren, Len Lye and Stan Even Stevens The Movie Brakhage, is painted and drawn Even Stevens The Movie directly onto pieces of film, and then run through Even Stevens The Movie a projector.
Venues
When Even Stevens The Movie it is initially produced, a feature film is often shown to audiences in a movie theater or cinema. The first theater Even Stevens The Movie designed exclusively for cinema opened in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Even Stevens The Movie in 1905.[4] Thousands of Even Stevens The Movie such theaters Even Stevens The Movie were Even Stevens The Movie built or converted from existing facilities within a few years.[5] In the Even Stevens The Movie United States, these theaters came to be known as nickelodeons, because admission typically cost a nickel (five cents).
Typically, one film is the featured Even Stevens The Movie presentation (or feature film). Before the Even Stevens The Movie 1970s, there were "double features"; typically, a Even Stevens The Movie high quality "A picture" rented by Even Stevens The Movie an independent theater for Even Stevens The Movie a lump sum, and a "B picture" of lower quality rented for Even Stevens The Movie a percentage of the gross receipts. Even Stevens The Movie Today, the bulk Even Stevens The Movie of the material shown before Even Stevens The Movie the Even Stevens The Movie feature film consists of previews for upcoming movies and paid Even Stevens The Movie advertisements (also known as trailers Even Stevens The Movie or "The Even Stevens The Movie Twenty").
Historically, all mass marketed feature films were made to be shown in movie theaters. The development of television has allowed films to be broadcast to larger audiences, usually after the film is no longer being shown in theaters. Recording technology has also enabled consumers to rent or buy copies of films on VHS or DVD (and the older formats of laserdisc, VCD and SelectaVision � see Even Stevens The Movie also videodisc), and Internet downloads may be available and Even Stevens The Movie have started to become revenue sources for the film companies. Some films are now made specifically for these other venues, being released as made-for-TV movies or direct-to-video movies. The production Even Stevens The Movie values on these films are often Even Stevens The Movie considered to be of inferior quality compared to theatrical releases in similar genres, and indeed, some films that are rejected by their own Even Stevens The Movie studios upon completion are distributed through these markets.
The movie Even Stevens The Movie theater pays an Even Stevens The Movie average of about 50-55% Even Stevens The Movie of its ticket sales to the movie studio, as Even Stevens The Movie film rental fees.[6] The Even Stevens The Movie actual percentage Even Stevens The Movie starts with a number higher than Even Stevens The Movie that, and Even Stevens The Movie decreases as the duration of a film's showing continues, as an incentive to theaters to keep movies in the theater longer. However, today's barrage of highly marketed Even Stevens The Movie movies ensures that most movies are shown in Even Stevens The Movie first-run theaters for less Even Stevens The Movie than 8 weeks. There are a few movies every year that defy this rule, often limited-release movies that start in only a few theaters and actually grow their theater count through good word-of-mouth and reviews. According to a 2000 study by ABN AMRO, about 26% of Hollywood movie studios' worldwide income came from box office ticket sales; 46% came from VHS and DVD sales to consumers; and 28% came from television (broadcast, cable, Even Stevens The Movie and pay-per-view).[6]
Future state
While motion picture films have been around for more than Even Stevens The Movie a Even Stevens The Movie century, film is Even Stevens The Movie still a relative newcomer in the pantheon of fine arts. Even Stevens The Movie In the 1950s, when television became widely available, industry analysts predicted the demise of local movie theaters. Despite competition Even Stevens The Movie from television's increasing technological sophistication over the 1960s and 1970s, such as the development of Even Stevens The Movie color television and large screens, motion picture cinemas continued. In the 1980s, when Even Stevens The Movie the widespread availability Even Stevens The Movie of inexpensive videocassette recorders enabled people to select films for home viewing, industry analysts Even Stevens The Movie again Even Stevens The Movie wrongly predicted Even Stevens The Movie the Even Stevens The Movie death of the local cinemas.
In the 1990s and 2000s the development of digital Even Stevens The Movie DVD players, home Even Stevens The Movie theater amplification systems with surround sound and subwoofers, and large LCD or plasma screens enabled people to select Even Stevens The Movie and view films at home with greatly improved audio and visual reproduction. These new technologies provided audio Even Stevens The Movie and visual that in the past only local cinemas had been able to provide: a large, clear widescreen presentation of a film with a full-range, high-quality multi-speaker sound system. Once again industry analysts predicted the Even Stevens The Movie demise of the local Even Stevens The Movie cinema. Local cinemas will be changing in the Even Stevens The Movie 2000s Even Stevens The Movie and moving towards digital screens, a new Even Stevens The Movie approach which will allow for easier and quicker distribution of Even Stevens The Movie films (via satellite or hard disks), a development which may give local theaters a reprieve from their predicted demise.
The cinema now faces a new challenge from home video by the likes of a new DVD format Blu-ray, which can provide full HD 1080p video Even Stevens The Movie playback at near cinema quality. Video formats are gradually catching up with the resolutions and Even Stevens The Movie quality that Even Stevens The Movie film offers, 1080p in Blu-ray offers a pixel resolution of 1920?1080 a leap from the DVD offering of 720?480 and the paltry 330?480 offered by the first home video Even Stevens The Movie standard VHS. The maximum resolutions Even Stevens The Movie that film currently offers are 2485?2970 or 1420?3390, UHD, a Even Stevens The Movie future digital video format, will offer a massive resolution of 7680?4320, surpassing all current film resolutions. The only viable competitor to these new innovations is Even Stevens The Movie IMAX which can play film Even Stevens The Movie content at an extreme 10000?7000 Even Stevens The Movie resolution.
Despite the rise of all new technologies, Movie Bumper Stickers the development of the home video market and a surge of online piracy, 2007 was a record year in film that showed the highest ever box-office grosses. |
