Film is a Saw Movie Times term that encompasses individual motion pictures, the field of film as an art form, and the motion picture industry. Films are produced by recording images from the world with cameras, or Saw Movie Times by creating images using animation Saw Movie Times techniques or special effects.
Films are cultural artifacts created by specific cultures, which reflect those cultures, and, in turn, affect them. Film is considered to be an important Saw Movie Times art form, Saw Movie Times a source of popular entertainment and a powerful method for educating � or Saw Movie Times indoctrinating Saw Movie Times � citizens. The visual elements of cinema gives motion pictures a universal power of communication. Saw Movie Times Some films have become popular worldwide attractions by using dubbing or subtitles that translate Saw Movie Times the dialogue.
Traditional films are made up of a series of individual images called frames. When these images are shown rapidly in succession, a viewer has the illusion that motion is occurring. The viewer cannot see the flickering between frames due to an effect known as persistence of vision, whereby the eye retains a
The origin Saw Movie Times of the name "film" comes from the Saw Movie Times fact that photographic film (also called film stock) had historically been the primary medium for recording and Saw Movie Times displaying motion pictures. Many other terms exist for an individual motion picture, including picture, picture show, photo-play, flick, Saw Movie Times and Saw Movie Times most commonly, movie. Additional terms for the field in general include the big screen, the silver screen, the cinema, and the movies.In Saw Movie Times the 1860s, mechanisms for producing artificially created, two-dimensional images in motion were demonstrated with devices such as the zoetrope and the praxinoscope. These machines were outgrowths of simple optical devices (such as magic lanterns) and would display sequences of still pictures at sufficient speed for the Saw Movie Times images on the pictures to appear to be moving, a phenomenon called persistence of vision. Naturally, the images needed to be carefully designed to achieve the desired effect � and the underlying principle became the basis for the development of film animation.
A frame from Roundhay Garden Scene, Saw Movie Times the Saw Movie Times world's earliest film, by Louis Le Prince, 1888
With the Saw Movie Times development of celluloid film for still photography, it became Saw Movie Times possible to directly capture Saw Movie Times objects Saw Movie Times in Saw Movie Times motion in real time. Early versions of Saw Movie Times the technology sometimes Saw Movie Times required a person to look into a viewing machine to see Saw Movie Times the pictures Saw Movie Times which were separate paper prints attached to a drum turned by a handcrank. The pictures were shown at a variable speed of about 5 to 10 pictures per second depending on Saw Movie Times how rapidly the crank was turned. Some of these machines were coin Saw Movie Times operated. By the 1880s, the development of the Saw Movie Times motion picture camera allowed the Saw Movie Times individual component images Saw Movie Times to be captured and stored on a single Saw Movie Times reel, and led quickly to the development of a motion picture projector to shine light through the processed and printed film and magnify these "moving picture shows" onto a screen for an entire audience. These reels, so exhibited, came to be known as "motion pictures". Early motion Saw Movie Times pictures Saw Movie Times were static shots that showed an event or action with no editing or other cinematic techniques.
Ignoring Dickson's early sound experiments (1894), commercial Saw Movie Times motion Saw Movie Times pictures Saw Movie Times were purely visual art through Saw Movie Times the late 19th century, but these innovative silent films Saw Movie Times had gained a hold on the public imagination. Around the turn of the twentieth century, films began developing a narrative Saw Movie Times structure by stringing scenes Saw Movie Times together to tell narratives. The scenes were later broken up into multiple Saw Movie Times shots of varying sizes and angles. Other techniques such Saw Movie Times as camera movement were realized as effective ways to portray a story on film. Rather than leave the audience in silence, theater owners would hire a pianist or organist or a full orchestra to play music fitting the mood of the film at any given moment. Saw Movie Times By the early 1920s, most films came with a prepared list of sheet music for this purpose, Saw Movie Times with complete film scores being composed for major productions.
A shot from Georges Melies Le Voyage dans la Lune (A Trip Saw Movie Times to the Moon) (1902), an early narrative film.
The rise of European cinema was interrupted by the breakout Saw Movie Times of World War I while the film industry in United States flourished with the rise of Hollywood. However in the 1920s, European filmmakers such as Sergei Eisenstein, F. W. Saw Movie Times Murnau, and Fritz Lang, along with Saw Movie Times American innovator D. W. Griffith and the contributions of Charles Chaplin, Buster Keaton and others, continued to advance the medium. In the 1920s, new technology allowed filmmakers to attach to each Saw Movie Times film a soundtrack of speech, Saw Movie Times music and sound effects synchronized with the Saw Movie Times action on the screen. These Saw Movie Times sound films were initially distinguished by calling them "talking Saw Movie Times pictures", or talkies.
The next major step in the development of cinema was the Saw Movie Times introduction of so-called "natural" color. While the addition of sound quickly eclipsed silent film and theater musicians, color was adopted more gradually as methods evolved Saw Movie Times making it more practical and cost Saw Movie Times effective to produce "natural color" films. The public was Saw Movie Times relatively indifferent to color photography as opposed Saw Movie Times to black-and-white,[citation needed] but Saw Movie Times as color processes improved and became as affordable as black-and-white film, more and more movies were filmed in color after the Saw Movie Times end of World War II, as the industry in America came Michael Ontkean Valerie Bertinelli Movie to view color as essential to attracting audiences in its competition with television, Saw Movie Times which remained a black-and-white medium until the Saw Movie Times mid-1960s. By the end of the 1960s, col
Since the decline of the studio system in Saw Movie Times the 1960s, the Saw Movie Times succeeding decades saw changes in the production and style of film. New Hollywood, French New Saw Movie Times Wave and the rise of film school educated Saw Movie Times independent filmmakers Saw Movie Times were all part of the changes the medium experienced in the latter half of the 20th century. Digital technology has been the driving force in change throughout the Saw Movie Times 1990s and into Saw Movie Times the 21st century.
Theory
Main article: Film theory
Film theory seeks to develop concise and systematic concepts that apply to the Saw Movie Times study of film Saw Movie Times as art. It was started by Saw Movie Times Ricciotto Canudo's The Birth of the Sixth Art. Formalist Saw Movie Times film theory, led by Rudolf Arnheim, Bela Balazs, and Siegfried Kracauer, emphasized how film differed Saw Movie Times from reality, and thus could be considered a valid fine Saw Movie Times art. Andre Bazin reacted against this theory by arguing that film's artistic essence lay in its ability to mechanically reproduce reality not in its differences from reality, and this gave rise Saw Movie Times to realist theory. More recent analysis spurred by Lacan's psychoanalysis and Ferdinand de Saw Movie Times Saussure's semiotics among other things has given rise to psychoanalytical film theory, Saw Movie Times structuralist film theory, Saw Movie Times feminist film theory Saw Movie Times and Saw Movie Times others.
Criticism
Main article: Film criticism
Film criticism Saw Movie Times is Saw Movie Times the analysis and evaluation of films. In general, these works can Saw Movie Times be divided into two categories: academic criticism by film Saw Movie Times scholars and journalistic film Saw Movie Times criticism that appears regularly Saw Movie Times in newspapers and other media.
Film critics working for newspapers, magazines, and broadcast media mainly review new Saw Movie Times releases. Saw Movie Times Normally they only see any given film once and have only a day Saw Movie Times or two to formulate opinions. Despite this, Saw Movie Times critics have an important impact on films, especially Saw Movie Times those of certain Saw Movie Times genres. Mass marketed action, horror, and comedy films tend not to be greatly affected by a critic's overall judgment of Saw Movie Times a film. The plot summary and description of a film that makes up the majority of any film review can still have an important impact on whether people decide to see a film. For prestige films such as most Saw Movie Times dramas, the Saw Movie Times influence of reviews is extremely important. Poor reviews Saw Movie Times will often doom a film to obscurity and financial loss.
The impact of Saw Movie Times a reviewer Saw Movie Times on a given film's box office performance is a matter of debate. Some Saw Movie Times claim that movie marketing is now Saw Movie Times so intense and well financed that reviewers cannot make an impact against it. However, the cataclysmic failure of some heavily-promoted movies which were harshly reviewed, as well as the Saw Movie Times unexpected success of critically praised independent movies indicates that extreme critical reactions can Saw Movie Times have considerable influence. Others note that positive film reviews have been shown to spark interest in Saw Movie Times little-known films. Conversely, there have been Saw Movie Times several films in which film companies have so Saw Movie Times little confidence that they refuse to give Saw Movie Times reviewers an advanced viewing to avoid widespread panning of the film. However, this usually backfires as reviewers are Saw Movie Times wise to the tactic and warn the public that the film may not be worth seeing and the films often do poorly as a result.
It is argued that journalist film critics should only be known Saw Movie Times as film reviewers, and true film critics are those who take a Saw Movie Times more academic approach to films. This line of work is Saw Movie Times more often known as film theory or film studies. These film Saw Movie Times critics attempt to come to understand how film and filming techniques work, and what effect they have on people. Rather than having Saw Movie Times their works published in newspapers or appear on television, their Saw Movie Times articles are published in scholarly journals, or sometimes in Saw Movie Times up-market magazines. They also tend to be affiliated with colleges Saw Movie Times or universities.
Industry
Main article: Film industry
The Saw Movie Times making and showing of motion pictures became a source Saw Movie Times of profit almost as Saw Movie Times soon as the process was invented. Upon seeing Saw Movie Times how successful their new invention, and its product, was in their native France, the Lumieres quickly set about touring the Continent to exhibit the first films privately Saw Movie Times to Saw Movie Times royalty and publicly Saw Movie Times to the masses. In each country, they would normally add new, local scenes to their catalogue and, quickly Saw Movie Times enough, found local entrepreneurs in the various countries of Europe to buy their equipment and photograph, Saw Movie Times export, import and screen additional product commercially. The Oberammergau Passion Saw Movie Times Play of 1898[citation Saw Movie Times needed] was the first commercial Saw Movie Times motion picture Saw Movie Times ever produced. Other pictures soon followed, and motion pictures became Saw Movie Times a Saw Movie Times separate industry that overshadowed the vaudeville world. Dedicated theaters and companies formed specifically to Saw Movie Times produce and distribute films, while motion picture actors became major celebrities and commanded huge fees for Saw Movie Times their performances. Already by 1917, Charlie Chaplin had a contract Saw Movie Times that called for an annual salary of Saw Movie Times one million dollars.
In the United States today, much of the Saw Movie Times film industry is centered around Hollywood. Other regional centers exist in many parts of the world, such as Mumbai-centered Bollywood, the Indian Saw Movie Times film industry's Saw Movie Times Hindi cinema which produces the largest number of films in the world.[1] Whether the ten thousand-plus feature length films a year produced by the Valley Saw Movie Times pornographic film industry should qualify for this title is the source of some Saw Movie Times debate.[citation Saw Movie Times needed] Though the expense involved in making movies has led cinema production to concentrate under the auspices Saw Movie Times of movie studios, recent advances in affordable film making equipment have allowed independent film productions to flourish.
Profit is a key force in Saw Movie Times the industry, due to the costly and risky nature of filmmaking; Saw Movie Times many films have large cost overruns, a notorious example being Kevin Costner's Waterworld. Yet many filmmakers strive to create works of lasting social significance. The Saw Movie Times Academy Saw Movie Times Awards (also known as "the Oscars") are the most prominent film awards in the United States, providing recognition each year to films, ostensibly based on their artistic merits.
There is also a large industry Saw Movie Times for educational and instructional films made in lieu of or in addition Saw Movie Times to lectures and texts.
Preview
A preview performance refers to a showing of a movie to a select audience, usually for the purposes of corporate promotions, Saw Movie Times before the public film Saw Movie Times premiere itself. Previews Saw Movie Times are sometimes used to judge audience reaction, which if Saw Movie Times unexpectedly negative, may result in recutting or even refilming certain Saw Movie Times sections. (cf Audience response.)
Trailer
Main article: Trailer Saw Movie Times (film)
Trailers or previews Saw Movie Times are film advertisements for films that will be exhibited in Saw Movie Times the future at a cinema, on whose screen they are shown. The term "trailer" comes Saw Movie Times from their having originally been Saw Movie Times shown at the end of Saw Movie Times a film programme. That practice did not last long, because patrons tended to leave the theater after the films ended, but the name has stuck. Trailers are now shown before Saw Movie Times the film Saw Movie Times (or the A movie Saw Movie Times in Saw Movie Times a double feature program) begins.
The nature of the film determines the size and type of crew required during filmmaking. Many Hollywood adventure films need computer generated imagery (CGI), created by dozens Saw Movie Times of 3D Saw Movie Times modellers, animators, rotoscopers and compositors. However, a low-budget, independent film may Saw Movie Times be made with a skeleton crew, often paid Saw Movie Times very little. Also, Saw Movie Times an open source film may be produced through open, collaborative processes. Filmmaking takes place all over the Saw Movie Times world using different technologies, styles Movie About Future Generations Being Dumb of acting and genre, and is produced Saw Movie Times in a variety of economic Saw Movie Times contexts that range from state-sponsored documentary in China Saw Movie Times to profit-oriented movie making within Saw Movie Times the American studio system.
This production cycle typically takes three years. The first year is taken up with development. The second year comprises preproduction and production. The Saw Movie Times third year, post-production and distribution.
Crew
Main article: Film crew
A Saw Movie Times film crew is a group of people Saw Movie Times hired by a film Saw Movie Times company, employed during the "production" or "photography" phase, Saw Movie Times for the purpose of producing a film or motion picture. Crew are distinguished from cast, the actors who appear in front of the camera or provide voices for characters in the film. The crew interacts with Saw Movie Times but is also distinct from the production staff, consisting of producers, managers, company representatives, their assistants, and those whose primary responsibility falls in pre-production or post-production phases, Saw Movie Times such as writers and Saw Movie Times editors. Communication between production Saw Movie Times and Saw Movie Times crew generally passes through the director and his/her staff of assistants. Medium-to-large crews are generally divided into departments with well defined Saw Movie Times hierarchies and standards for interaction and cooperation between the departments. Other than acting, the crew handles everything in the photography phase: props and costumes, shooting, sound, electrics (i.e., lights), sets, and production special effects. Caterers (known in the film industry as "craft Downtown Minneapolis Movie Theatres services") are usually not considered part of the crew.
Technology
Film stock consists of transparent celluloid, acetate, or polyester Saw Movie Times base coated with an emulsion containing light-sensitive Saw Movie Times chemicals. Cellulose nitrate was the first type of film base used to record motion pictures, but due to its flammability was Saw Movie Times eventually replaced by safer materials. Stock widths and the film format for images on the reel have had a rich history, though most large commercial films are still shot on (and distributed to theaters) as 35 mm prints.
Originally moving picture Saw Movie Times film was shot and projected at various speeds using hand-cranked cameras and projectors; though 1000 frames per minute (16? frame/s) is Solari Movie generally cited as a standard silent speed, research indicates most films were shot between 16 frame/s and 23 Saw Movie Times frame/s and projected from 18 frame/s on up Saw Movie Times (often reels Saw Movie Times included instructions on how fast each Saw Movie Times scene should be shown) [1]. When sound film was introduced in the late Saw Movie Times 1920s, a constant speed was required for the sound Saw Movie Times head. 24 frames Saw Movie Times per Saw Movie Times second was chosen Saw Movie Times because it was the slowest (and thus Saw Movie Times cheapest) speed which allowed for sufficient sound quality. Improvements since the late 19th century include the mechanization of cameras � allowing Saw Movie Times them to record at Saw Movie Times a consistent speed, quiet camera design � allowing sound recorded on-set to be usable without requiring large "blimps" to encase the camera, Saw Movie Times the Saw Movie Times invention of more sophisticated filmstocks and Saw Movie Times lenses, allowing directors to film in increasingly dim Saw Movie Times conditions, and the development of synchronized sound, allowing sound to Saw Movie Times be recorded at exactly the same speed as its corresponding action. The soundtrack can be recorded separately from Saw Movie Times shooting the film, but for live-action pictures many parts of the Saw Movie Times soundtrack are usually recorded Saw Movie Times simultaneously.
As a medium, film Saw Movie Times is not Saw Movie Times limited to motion pictures, since the technology Saw Movie Times developed as the basis for photography. It can be used to present a Saw Movie Times progressive sequence of still images Saw Movie Times in the form of a slideshow. Film has also been incorporated into multimedia presentations, and often has importance as primary historical documentation. However, historic films have problems in terms of preservation and storage, and the motion picture industry is exploring many alternatives. Most movies on cellulose nitrate base have been copied onto modern Saw Movie Times safety films. Some studios save color films through the use of separation masters Saw Movie Times � three B&W negatives each Saw Movie Times exposed through red, green, Sony Movie Studio or blue filters (essentially a reverse of the Saw Movie Times Technicolor Saw Movie Times process). Digital methods have Saw Movie Times also been used to restore films, although their continued obsolescence cycle Saw Movie Times makes them (as of 2006) a Irrestible Movie Ending poor choice for long-term preservation. Film preservation of decaying film stock is a matter of concern to both film historians and archivists, and to companies interested in preserving their existing products in Saw Movie Times order to make them available to future generations (and thereby increase revenue). Preservation is generally a higher-concern for nitrate and single-strip color films, due to their high decay rates; black and white films on Saw Movie Times safety bases and color films Saw Movie Times preserved Saw Movie Times on Technicolor Saw Movie Times imbibition prints tend to keep up much better, assuming proper handling and storage.
Some films Saw Movie Times in recent decades have been recorded using analog video technology similar to Saw Movie Times that used in Saw Movie Times television production. Modern digital video cameras and digital projectors are gaining ground as well. These approaches are extremely beneficial to moviemakers, especially because footage Saw Movie Times can be evaluated and edited without waiting for the film stock to be processed. Yet the migration is gradual, Saw Movie Times and as of 2005 most Saw Movie Times major motion pictures are still recorded on film.
Independent
Main article: Independent film
The Lumiere Brothers
Independent filmmaking often takes place outside of Hollywood, or other major studio systems. Saw Movie Times An independent film (or indie film) is a film Saw Movie Times initially produced Saw Movie Times without financing or distribution from a major movie studio. Saw Movie Times Creative, business, and technological reasons have all contributed to the growth of the indie Saw Movie Times film scene in the Saw Movie Times late 20th and early 21st century.
On Saw Movie Times the business side, Saw Movie Times the costs of big-budget studio films also leads to conservative choices in cast and crew. There Saw Movie Times Martinsburg Wv Movie Guide is a trend in Hollywood towards co-financing (over Tokio Drift Movie two-thirds of the films put out by Warner Bros. in 2000 were joint ventures, up from 10% in 1987).[2] A hopeful director is almost never given the opportunity to get a Saw Movie Times job on a big-budget studio film unless he or she has significant industry experience in Saw Movie Times film or television. Also, the studios rarely produce films with unknown actors, particularly in lead roles.
Before the advent of digital alternatives, the cost of professional film equipment and Saw Movie Times stock was also a hurdle to being able to produce, direct, Saw Movie Times or star in a traditional studio film. The cost Saw Movie Times of 35 Saw Movie Times mm film is outpacing inflation: in 2002 alone, film negative costs were up 23%, according to Variety.[2].
But Saw Movie Times the advent of consumer camcorders in 1985, and more importantly, the Saw Movie Times arrival of high-resolution digital video in Saw Movie Times the early 1990s, have lowered the technology barrier Saw Movie Times to movie production significantly. Both production and post-production Saw Movie Times costs have been significantly lowered; today, the hardware and software for post-production can be installed in a commodity-based personal computer. Technologies such as DVDs, Saw Movie Times FireWire connections and non-linear editing system Saw Movie Times pro-level software like Adobe Premiere Pro, Sony Vegas Saw Movie Times and Saw Movie Times Apple's Final Cut Pro, and consumer level software such as Apple's Saw Movie Times Final Cut Express and iMovie make movie-making relatively inexpensive.
Since the introduction of DV technology, the means of production have become more democratized. Filmmakers can conceivably shoot and edit Saw Movie Times a movie, create and edit the sound and music, and mix the Saw Movie Times final cut on a home computer. However, while the Saw Movie Times means of production Saw Movie Times may be democratized, financing, Saw Movie Times distribution, and marketing remain difficult to accomplish outside the traditional system. Most independent filmmakers Saw Movie Times rely on film festivals to get their films noticed and sold for distribution. The arrival of internet-based video outlets such as YouTube and Saw Movie Times Veoh has further changed Saw Movie Times the film making landscape in ways that are still to be determined.
Open content film
Main article: Open content film
An open content film is much like an independent film, but it is produced Saw Movie Times through open collaborations; its source material is available under a license which is permissive enough to allow other parties to create fan fiction or derivative works, than Saw Movie Times a traditional copyright. Like independent filmmaking, open source Saw Movie Times filmmaking takes place Saw Movie Times outside of Hollywood, or other major studio systems.
Fan Saw Movie Times film
Main article: Fan Saw Movie Times film
A fan film is a film or video inspired by a film, television program, comic book or a similar source, created by fans rather than by the source's copyright holders or creators. Fan Saw Movie Times filmmakers have traditionally been amateurs, but some of the more notable Saw Movie Times films have actually been produced by professional filmmakers as film school class projects or as demonstration reels. Fan films vary tremendously in length, from short faux-teaser trailers for non-existent motion pictures to rarer full-length motion pictures
Animation is the technique in which each frame of a film is produced individually, whether generated as a computer graphic, or by Saw Movie Times photographing a drawn image, Saw Movie Times or by repeatedly making Saw Movie Times small changes Saw Movie Times to a model unit (see claymation and stop motion), and then Saw Movie Times photographing the result with a special animation camera. When the frames are strung together and the resulting film is viewed at a speed of 16 Saw Movie Times or more frames per second, there is an illusion of continuous movement (due to the persistence of vision). Saw Movie Times Generating such a film is very labour intensive and tedious, though the development of computer animation Saw Movie Times has greatly sped up the process.
File formats like GIF, QuickTime, Shockwave and Flash allow animation to be viewed Saw Movie Times on Saw Movie Times a computer or over the Internet.
Because animation is very time-consuming and often very expensive to produce, the majority Saw Movie Times of animation for TV and movies comes Saw Movie Times from professional animation studios. However, the field of independent animation has existed at least since the 1950s, with animation being produced by independent studios (and sometimes Saw Movie Times by a single person). Several independent animation producers have gone Saw Movie Times on to Saw Movie Times enter the professional animation industry.
Limited animation is a way of increasing production and decreasing costs of animation by using "short Saw Movie Times cuts" in the animation Saw Movie Times process. This method was pioneered by Saw Movie Times UPA and popularized by Hanna-Barbera, and adapted by other Saw Movie Times studios as cartoons moved Saw Movie Times from movie theaters to television.[3]
Although most animation studios are now using digital technologies in their productions, there is a specific style of animation that depends Saw Movie Times on film. Cameraless animation, Saw Movie Times made famous by moviemakers like Norman McLaren, Len Lye and Stan Brakhage, is painted and drawn directly Saw Movie Times onto pieces of film, Saw Movie Times and then run through a projector.
Venues
When it is initially produced, a Saw Movie Times feature film is often shown to audiences in a movie theater or cinema. The Saw Movie Times first theater designed exclusively for cinema opened in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in 1905.[4] Saw Movie Times Thousands of such theaters were built or converted from existing Saw Movie Times facilities within a few Saw Movie Times years.[5] In the United States, these theaters came to be known Saw Movie Times as nickelodeons, because admission typically cost a nickel (five cents).
Typically, one film is the Saw Movie Times featured presentation (or feature film). Before the 1970s, there were "double features"; typically, a high quality Saw Movie Times "A picture" Saw Movie Times rented by an independent Saw Movie Times theater for a lump sum, and a Saw Movie Times "B picture" of lower quality rented for a percentage of the gross receipts. Saw Movie Times Today, the bulk of the material shown before the feature film consists of previews for upcoming movies and paid advertisements (also known as trailers or "The Twenty").
Historically, all mass marketed feature films were made to be shown in movie theaters. The development of Saw Movie Times television Saw Movie Times has allowed films to be broadcast to larger Saw Movie Times audiences, Saw Movie Times usually after Saw Movie Times the film is no longer being shown in theaters. Recording technology has also enabled consumers to rent or buy copies of films on VHS or DVD (and the older formats of laserdisc, VCD and Saw Movie Times SelectaVision � see also videodisc), and Internet downloads may be available and have started to become revenue sources for the film companies. Some films are now made specifically for Saw Movie Times these other venues, being released as made-for-TV movies or direct-to-video movies. The production values on these films are often considered to Saw Movie Times be of inferior quality compared to theatrical releases in similar genres, Saw Movie Times and indeed, some films that are rejected by their own studios upon completion are distributed through these markets.
The movie theater pays an Saw Movie Times average of about 50-55% of its ticket sales Saw Movie Times to the movie studio, as Saw Movie Times film rental Saw Movie Times fees.[6] The actual Saw Movie Times percentage starts with a Saw Movie Times number higher than that, and Saw Movie Times decreases as the duration of a film's showing continues, as an incentive to theaters to keep movies in the theater Saw Movie Times longer. However, today's barrage of highly marketed movies ensures that most movies are shown in first-run theaters for less than 8 weeks. There are a few movies every year that defy this rule, often limited-release movies that start in only a few theaters and actually grow Saw Movie Times their theater count through good word-of-mouth and reviews. According Saw Movie Times to a 2000 study by ABN AMRO, about 26% of Hollywood Saw Movie Times movie studios' worldwide income Saw Movie Times came from Saw Movie Times box Saw Movie Times office ticket sales; 46% came from VHS and DVD sales to consumers; and 28% came from television (broadcast, cable, Download Movie Free and pay-per-view).[6]
Future state
While motion Saw Movie Times picture films have been around for more than a Saw Movie Times century, film is still a relative newcomer in the pantheon of fine arts. In the 1950s, when television became widely available, industry analysts predicted the demise of local movie theaters. Despite competition from television's increasing technological sophistication over the 1960s and 1970s, Saw Movie Times such as Saw Movie Times the development of color television and large screens, motion picture cinemas continued. In the 1980s, when the Saw Movie Times widespread availability of inexpensive Saw Movie Times videocassette Saw Movie Times recorders enabled people to select films Saw Movie Times for home viewing, Saw Movie Times industry analysts again wrongly predicted the death of the local Saw Movie Times cinemas.
In Saw Movie Times the Saw Movie Times 1990s and 2000s the development of digital DVD players, Saw Movie Times home theater amplification systems with surround sound and subwoofers, and large LCD Saw Movie Times or Saw Movie Times plasma screens enabled people to select and view films at home with greatly improved audio and visual reproduction. These new technologies provided audio and visual that in the past only local cinemas had been able Saw Movie Times to provide: a large, clear Saw Movie Times widescreen presentation of a film with a full-range, high-quality multi-speaker sound system. Once again industry analysts predicted the demise of the local cinema. Local cinemas will be changing in the 2000s and moving towards digital screens, a new approach which will allow for easier and quicker distribution of films Saw Movie Times (via satellite or hard disks), a development which may give Saw Movie Times local theaters a reprieve from their predicted demise.
The cinema now faces a new challenge from home video by the likes of a new DVD format Blu-ray, which can provide full HD 1080p video playback at near cinema quality. Video Saw Movie Times formats are gradually catching up with Saw Movie Times the resolutions and quality that film offers, 1080p in Blu-ray offers a pixel resolution of Saw Movie Times 1920?1080 a leap from the DVD offering of 720?480 and the paltry 330?480 offered by the first home video standard VHS. Saw Movie Times The Saw Movie Times maximum resolutions that film currently offers are 2485?2970 or 1420?3390, UHD, Saw Movie Times a future digital video format, will offer a massive resolution of 7680?4320, Saw Movie Times surpassing all current film resolutions. The only viable competitor to these new innovations is IMAX which can play film content at an extreme 10000?7000 resolution.
Despite the Saw Movie Times rise of all new technologies, the development of the home video market and a surge of online piracy, 2007 was a record year in film that showed the highest ever box-office Violated Virgin Movie Galleries grosses. Many expected film to suffer as a result of the effects listed above but it has flourished, strengthening film studio expectations for the future. |
