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Hokus Pokus Movie

Film is a term that encompasses individual motion pictures, the field of film as an art form, and the motion picture industry. Films are produced by recording images from the world with cameras, or by creating images Hokus Pokus Movie using animation techniques or special effects. Films are cultural artifacts created by specific cultures, which reflect Hokus Pokus Movie those cultures, and, in turn, affect them. Film is considered Hokus Pokus Movie to be an important art form, a source of popular entertainment and a powerful method for educating � or indoctrinating � citizens. The visual elements of cinema gives motion pictures a universal power of

Hokus Pokus Movie

communication. Some films have become popular worldwide attractions by using dubbing or subtitles that translate the dialogue. Traditional films Hokus Pokus Movie are Hokus Pokus Movie made up of a series of individual images called frames. When these images are shown rapidly in succession, a Hokus Pokus Movie viewer has the illusion that motion is occurring. The Hokus Pokus Movie viewer cannot see Hokus Pokus Movie the flickering between frames due to an effect known as persistence of vision, whereby the eye retains a The origin of the name Hokus Pokus Movie "film" comes from the fact that photographic film (also called film stock) Hokus Pokus Movie had historically been the primary Hokus Pokus Movie medium for recording and displaying motion pictures. Many other terms exist for an individual motion picture, including picture, picture show, photo-play, flick, and most commonly, movie. Additional terms for the field in general include the big screen, the Hokus Pokus Movie silver screen, the cinema, and the movies.In the 1860s, mechanisms for Hokus Pokus Movie producing artificially Hokus Pokus Movie created, two-dimensional images in motion were demonstrated with devices such

Hokus Pokus Movie

as the zoetrope and the praxinoscope. These machines were outgrowths Hokus Pokus Movie of simple optical devices (such as magic lanterns) and would Hokus Pokus Movie display sequences of still pictures at Hokus Pokus Movie sufficient speed for the images on Hokus Pokus Movie the pictures to appear to be moving, a phenomenon called persistence of vision. Naturally, the images needed to be carefully designed to achieve the desired Hokus Pokus Movie effect � and the underlying principle became the Hokus Pokus Movie basis for the development of film animation. A frame from Roundhay Garden Scene, the world's earliest film, by Louis Le Prince, Dvd Movie Format 1888 With the development of celluloid film for still Hokus Pokus Movie photography, it became possible to directly capture objects in motion in real Hokus Pokus Movie time. Early Hokus Pokus Movie versions of the technology sometimes required a person to look into a viewing machine to see the pictures which were separate paper prints attached to Hokus Pokus Movie a drum turned by a handcrank. Hokus Pokus Movie The pictures were shown at Hokus Pokus Movie a variable speed of about Hokus Pokus Movie 5 to 10 Hokus Pokus Movie pictures per second depending on how rapidly the crank was turned. Some Hokus Pokus Movie of these machines Hokus Pokus Movie were coin operated. Hokus Pokus Movie By the 1880s, the development of the motion picture camera allowed the individual component images to be captured and stored on a single reel, and led quickly to the Hokus Pokus Movie development of a motion picture projector to shine light through the processed and Hokus Pokus Movie printed film and magnify these "moving picture shows" onto

Hokus Pokus Movie

a screen Hokus Pokus Movie for an entire audience. These reels, so exhibited, came to be known as Hokus Pokus Movie "motion pictures". Early motion pictures were static shots that Hokus Pokus Movie showed an event or action with no editing or other cinematic techniques. Ignoring Dickson's early sound experiments Hokus Pokus Movie (1894), commercial motion pictures were purely visual art through the late 19th century, but these innovative silent films had gained Hokus Pokus Movie a Hokus Pokus Movie hold on the public imagination. Around the turn of the twentieth Hokus Pokus Movie century, films began developing a Hokus Pokus Movie narrative structure by stringing scenes together to tell narratives. The scenes were later broken up into multiple shots of varying sizes and Hokus Pokus Movie angles. Other techniques such as camera movement were realized Hokus Pokus Movie as Hokus Pokus Movie effective ways to portray a story on film. Rather than leave the audience Hokus Pokus Movie in silence, theater owners would hire a pianist or organist or a full orchestra to play music fitting the mood of the film at any given moment. By the early 1920s, Hokus Pokus Movie most films came with a prepared list of Hokus Pokus Movie sheet music Hokus Pokus Movie for this purpose, with complete Hokus Pokus Movie film scores being Hokus Pokus Movie composed for major productions. A Hokus Pokus Movie shot from Georges Melies Le Voyage dans la Lune (A Trip to the Moon) (1902), an early narrative film. The rise of European cinema was interrupted by the breakout of World War I while the film industry in United States flourished with the rise of Hollywood. However in the 1920s, European filmmakers such as Sergei Eisenstein, F. W. Murnau, and Fritz Lang, along Hokus Pokus Movie with American innovator D. Hokus Pokus Movie W. Griffith and the contributions of Charles Chaplin, Buster Keaton and others, continued to advance the medium. In Aneta Smrhova Movie the

Hokus Pokus Movie

1920s, new technology allowed filmmakers to attach to each film a soundtrack of speech, music and sound effects synchronized with the action on the

Hokus Pokus Movie

screen. These sound films were initially distinguished by calling them "talking pictures", or Hokus Pokus Movie talkies. The next major step in the Hokus Pokus Movie development of cinema was the introduction of so-called "natural" Hokus Pokus Movie color. While Hokus Pokus Movie the Hokus Pokus Movie addition of sound quickly eclipsed silent film and Hokus Pokus Movie theater musicians, color was Hokus Pokus Movie adopted more gradually as methods evolved Hokus Pokus Movie making it more practical and cost effective to produce "natural color" films. The public was relatively indifferent to color photography as opposed to

Hokus Pokus Movie

black-and-white,[citation needed] but as color processes improved and became Hokus Pokus Movie as affordable as black-and-white film, more and more movies were filmed in color after the end of World

Hokus Pokus Movie

War II, as the industry in America

Hokus Pokus Movie

came to view color as Hokus Pokus Movie essential to attracting audiences in its competition with television, Hokus Pokus Movie which remained a black-and-white medium until the mid-1960s. By the end of the Hokus Pokus Movie 1960s, col Since Hokus Pokus Movie the decline of the studio system Hokus Pokus Movie in the 1960s, the succeeding decades saw changes in the production Hokus Pokus Movie and style of film. New Hollywood, French New Wave and the rise of film school educated independent filmmakers were all part of the changes the medium experienced in the latter half of the 20th century. Digital technology has been the driving force in change throughout the 1990s and into the 21st century. Theory Main Hokus Pokus Movie article: Film theory Film theory seeks to develop Hokus Pokus Movie concise and systematic concepts that apply to the Hokus Pokus Movie study of film as art. It was started by Ricciotto Canudo's The Hokus Pokus Movie Birth of the Sixth Art. Hokus Pokus Movie Formalist film theory, led Hokus Pokus Movie by Rudolf Hokus Pokus Movie Arnheim, Bela Balazs, and Siegfried Kracauer, emphasized how film differed from reality, and thus could be considered a valid fine art. Hokus Pokus Movie Andre Bazin reacted against Hokus Pokus Movie this theory by arguing that film's Hokus Pokus Movie artistic essence lay in its ability to mechanically reproduce reality not in its differences from reality, and this gave rise to realist theory. More recent analysis spurred by Lacan's Hokus Pokus Movie psychoanalysis and Ferdinand de Saussure's semiotics among other things has given rise to psychoanalytical film theory, structuralist film theory, Hokus Pokus Movie feminist film theory and others. Criticism Main article: Film criticism Film criticism is the analysis and evaluation of films. In general, these works can be divided into two Hokus Pokus Movie categories: academic criticism by film scholars and journalistic film criticism that appears regularly in newspapers and other media. Film critics working Hokus Pokus Movie for newspapers, magazines, and broadcast media mainly review new releases. Normally they only see any given film once and have only a day or two to formulate opinions. Despite this, critics have an important impact on films, especially those of certain genres. Mass marketed action, horror, and comedy films tend not Hokus Pokus Movie to be greatly Hokus Pokus Movie affected by a critic's overall judgment of a film. The plot summary and description of a film that makes up the majority of any film review Hokus Pokus Movie can still have an important impact on whether people decide to see a film. For Hokus Pokus Movie prestige films such as most dramas, the Hokus Pokus Movie influence of reviews is extremely important. Poor reviews will often doom a film Hokus Pokus Movie to obscurity and financial loss. The impact of a reviewer on a given Hokus Pokus Movie film's box office performance is a matter of Hokus Pokus Movie debate. Hokus Pokus Movie Some claim that movie marketing is now so intense and well financed that reviewers cannot make an impact against it. However, the cataclysmic failure of some heavily-promoted movies which were harshly reviewed,

Hokus Pokus Movie

as well as the unexpected success of critically Hokus Pokus Movie praised independent movies indicates that extreme critical reactions can

Hokus Pokus Movie

have considerable influence. Others note that positive film reviews have been shown Hokus Pokus Movie to spark interest Hokus Pokus Movie in little-known films. Conversely, there have been several films in which film companies have Hokus Pokus Movie so little confidence that Hokus Pokus Movie they refuse to give reviewers an advanced viewing to avoid widespread panning of Hokus Pokus Movie the Hokus Pokus Movie film.

Hokus Pokus Movie

However, this usually backfires as reviewers are wise to the tactic and warn the Hokus Pokus Movie public that the film may not be worth seeing and the films often do poorly as a result. It is argued that journalist film critics should Hokus Pokus Movie only Hokus Pokus Movie be known as film Hokus Pokus Movie reviewers, and true film critics are those who take a more academic approach to films. This line of work is Hokus Pokus Movie more often known as film theory or film studies. These film critics attempt to come to understand how film and filming techniques work, and what effect they have on people. Rather than having their works published in newspapers or appear on television, their articles are published in scholarly journals, or sometimes in up-market magazines. They also tend to be affiliated with colleges or universities. Industry Main article: Hokus Pokus Movie Film industry The making and showing of motion pictures became a source of profit almost as soon as the process was invented. Upon seeing how successful their new Hokus Pokus Movie invention, and its product, was in their native France, the Hokus Pokus Movie Lumieres quickly set about touring the Hokus Pokus Movie Continent to exhibit the first films privately to royalty and publicly to the masses. In each country, they would normally add new, local scenes to their catalogue and, quickly Hokus Pokus Movie enough, found local entrepreneurs in the various countries of Europe to buy their equipment and Hokus Pokus Movie photograph, export, import and screen additional product commercially. The Oberammergau Passion Play of 1898[citation needed] was the first commercial motion picture ever produced. Other pictures soon Hokus Pokus Movie followed, and motion pictures became a separate Hokus Pokus Movie industry that overshadowed the vaudeville world. Dedicated theaters and companies formed specifically to produce and distribute films, Hokus Pokus Movie while motion picture actors became Hokus Pokus Movie major celebrities and commanded huge fees for their performances. Already by 1917, Charlie Chaplin had a contract that called for an annual Hokus Pokus Movie salary of Hokus Pokus Movie one million dollars. In the United States today, much of the film industry is centered around Hollywood. Other Hokus Pokus Movie regional centers exist in Hokus Pokus Movie many parts of the Hokus Pokus Movie world, such as Mumbai-centered Bollywood, the Indian film industry's Hindi cinema which produces the largest number of films in the world.[1] Whether the Hokus Pokus Movie ten thousand-plus feature length films a year produced by Hokus Pokus Movie the Valley pornographic film industry Hokus Pokus Movie should qualify for this title is the source of some debate.[citation needed] Though the

Hokus Pokus Movie

expense involved in making movies has led cinema production to concentrate under the auspices

Hokus Pokus Movie

of movie studios, recent advances in affordable film making equipment have allowed independent Hokus Pokus Movie film productions to flourish. Profit is a key force in the Hokus Pokus Movie industry, due to the costly and risky nature of filmmaking; many Hokus Pokus Movie films have large cost overruns, a notorious example being Kevin Costner's Hokus Pokus Movie Waterworld. Yet many filmmakers strive to Hokus Pokus Movie create works of lasting social significance. The Academy Awards (also known as "the Oscars") are the most prominent Hokus Pokus Movie film awards in the United States, providing recognition Shadow Divers Movie each year to films, ostensibly based on their artistic merits. There is Hokus Pokus Movie also a Hokus Pokus Movie large industry for educational and instructional films made in lieu of or in addition to lectures and texts. Preview A preview performance refers to a Hokus Pokus Movie showing of a movie to a select audience, usually for the purposes of corporate promotions, before the public film premiere itself. Previews are sometimes used to judge audience reaction, which if unexpectedly negative, may result in recutting Hokus Pokus Movie or even refilming certain sections. (cf Audience response.) Trailer Main article: Trailer (film) Trailers or previews are film Hokus Pokus Movie advertisements for films that Hokus Pokus Movie will be exhibited in the future at a cinema, on whose screen they are shown. The term "trailer" comes from their having originally been shown at the end of Hokus Pokus Movie a film programme. That practice did not last long, because patrons tended to leave the theater after the films ended, but the name Hokus Pokus Movie has stuck. Trailers are now shown before the film (or the A movie in a double feature program) begins. The nature of the film determines the size

Hokus Pokus Movie

and type

Hokus Pokus Movie

of crew required Hokus Pokus Movie during filmmaking. Many Hollywood Hokus Pokus Movie adventure films need computer generated imagery (CGI), created by dozens of 3D modellers, animators, rotoscopers and compositors. However, a low-budget, Hokus Pokus Movie independent film may be made with a skeleton crew, often paid very little. Also, an open Hokus Pokus Movie source film may be produced Super Troopers Free Online Movie through open, collaborative processes. Filmmaking takes place all over Hokus Pokus Movie the world using different Hokus Pokus Movie technologies, styles of acting and genre, and Hokus Pokus Movie is produced in a variety of economic contexts that range from state-sponsored documentary in China to profit-oriented movie making within the American studio system. This production cycle typically takes three years. The first year is taken up with development. The second year comprises preproduction and production. The third year, post-production and distribution. Crew Main article: Film crew A film Hokus Pokus Movie crew is a group Hokus Pokus Movie of people hired by a Hokus Pokus Movie film company, employed during the "production" or "photography" phase, for the purpose of producing a film or motion picture. Crew are distinguished from cast, the actors who appear Hokus Pokus Movie in front of the camera or provide voices Hokus Pokus Movie for characters in the film. The crew interacts with but is also distinct from the production staff, consisting of producers, managers, company representatives, their Hokus Pokus Movie assistants, and those whose primary responsibility falls in pre-production or Hokus Pokus Movie post-production phases, such as writers and editors. Communication between production and crew generally passes through Highest Boxoffice Movie the director and his/her staff of assistants. Hokus Pokus Movie Medium-to-large crews are generally Hokus Pokus Movie divided into departments with well defined hierarchies and standards for Jesus Christ Superstar Movie Memorabilia interaction and cooperation between the departments.

Hokus Pokus Movie

Other than Hokus Pokus Movie acting, the crew Hokus Pokus Movie handles everything in the photography phase: props and costumes, shooting, sound, electrics (i.e., Hokus Pokus Movie lights), sets, and production special effects. Hokus Pokus Movie Caterers (known in the film Hokus Pokus Movie industry as "craft services") are usually not considered part of the crew. Technology Film stock consists of transparent celluloid, acetate, or polyester base coated with an emulsion Hokus Pokus Movie containing light-sensitive chemicals. Cellulose nitrate was the first Hokus Pokus Movie type of film base used Hokus Pokus Movie to record motion pictures, but due to its flammability was eventually replaced by safer materials. Stock widths and the film format for images on the reel have had a rich history, though most large commercial films are still shot on (and distributed to theaters) as 35 mm Hokus Pokus Movie prints. Originally moving

Hokus Pokus Movie

picture film was shot and projected at various speeds using hand-cranked cameras and projectors; though 1000 frames per minute (16? frame/s) is generally cited as a Hokus Pokus Movie standard silent speed, research indicates most films were shot between 16 frame/s and 23 frame/s and projected from 18 frame/s on up (often reels included instructions on how fast each scene should be shown) [1]. When sound Hokus Pokus Movie film was introduced in the late 1920s, a constant speed was required for the sound head. 24 frames per second was Hokus Pokus Movie chosen because it was the slowest (and thus cheapest) speed which allowed Hokus Pokus Movie for sufficient sound quality. Improvements since the late 19th century include the mechanization of cameras � allowing them to record at a consistent speed, quiet camera design � allowing sound recorded on-set to be usable without requiring large "blimps" to encase the camera, the invention Hokus Pokus Movie of more sophisticated filmstocks and lenses, allowing directors to film in increasingly dim conditions, and the development of synchronized sound, allowing sound to be recorded at exactly the same speed as its corresponding action. The Hokus Pokus Movie soundtrack can be recorded separately from shooting Hokus Pokus Movie the film, but for

Hokus Pokus Movie

live-action pictures Hokus Pokus Movie many parts of the soundtrack are usually recorded simultaneously. As

Hokus Pokus Movie

a medium, film is not limited to motion pictures, since the technology Hokus Pokus Movie developed as the basis for photography. It can be used to present a progressive Hokus Pokus Movie sequence of still images in the form of Hokus Pokus Movie a slideshow. Film has also been incorporated into multimedia presentations, and often has importance as primary historical documentation. However, historic films have problems in terms of preservation and storage, and the motion picture industry is exploring many alternatives. Most movies on cellulose Hokus Pokus Movie nitrate base have

Hokus Pokus Movie

been copied onto modern safety films. Some studios save color films through the use of separation masters � three B&W Hokus Pokus Movie negatives each exposed through red, green, or blue filters (essentially a reverse of the Technicolor process). Digital Hokus Pokus Movie methods Hokus Pokus Movie have

Hokus Pokus Movie

also been used to restore films, although their continued obsolescence cycle makes them (as of 2006) a poor choice for long-term preservation. Film preservation of Hokus Pokus Movie decaying film stock is a matter of concern Hokus Pokus Movie to both film historians and archivists, and to companies Review Movie Elizabeth interested in preserving Hokus Pokus Movie their existing products in order to make them available to future generations (and thereby increase revenue). Preservation is generally a higher-concern for nitrate and single-strip Hokus Pokus Movie color films, Hokus Pokus Movie due to their high decay Hokus Pokus Movie rates; black and white films on safety Hokus Pokus Movie bases and color films preserved Hokus Pokus Movie on Technicolor imbibition prints tend to keep up Hokus Pokus Movie much better, assuming proper handling and storage. Some films in recent decades have been Hokus Pokus Movie recorded using analog video technology similar to that used in television production. Modern digital video cameras and digital

Hokus Pokus Movie

projectors are Hokus Pokus Movie gaining ground as well. These approaches are extremely beneficial to moviemakers, especially because footage

Hokus Pokus Movie

can be evaluated and edited without waiting Hokus Pokus Movie for the film stock to be processed. Yet the migration is gradual, and as of Hokus Pokus Movie 2005 most Hokus Pokus Movie major motion pictures are Hokus Pokus Movie still recorded on Hokus Pokus Movie film. Independent Main article: Independent film The Lumiere Brothers Independent Hokus Pokus Movie filmmaking often takes place outside of Hollywood, or other major studio systems. An independent film Hokus Pokus Movie (or indie film) Hokus Pokus Movie is a film initially produced without Hokus Pokus Movie financing or distribution from a major movie studio. Creative, business, and Hokus Pokus Movie technological reasons have all contributed to the growth of the indie Hokus Pokus Movie film scene in Hokus Pokus Movie the late 20th and early 21st Hokus Pokus Movie century. On the business side, Hokus Pokus Movie the costs Hokus Pokus Movie of big-budget studio films also leads to conservative choices in cast and crew. There Hokus Pokus Movie is a trend in Hollywood towards co-financing (over two-thirds of the films put out Hokus Pokus Movie by Warner

Hokus Pokus Movie

Bros. in 2000 were joint ventures, up from 10% in 1987).[2] A hopeful director is almost Hokus Pokus Movie never given the opportunity to Hokus Pokus Movie get a job on a

Hokus Pokus Movie

big-budget studio film Hokus Pokus Movie unless he or she has significant Hokus Pokus Movie industry Hokus Pokus Movie experience in film or Hokus Pokus Movie television. Also, the studios rarely produce films with unknown actors, particularly in lead roles. Before the advent of digital alternatives, the Hokus Pokus Movie cost of professional film equipment and stock was also Hokus Pokus Movie a hurdle to being able Hokus Pokus Movie to produce, direct, or star in a traditional studio film. The cost Hokus Pokus Movie of 35 mm film is outpacing inflation: in 2002 alone, film negative costs were up 23%, according to Variety.[2]. But the advent of consumer camcorders in 1985, and more importantly, the arrival of high-resolution digital video in the early 1990s, Hokus Pokus Movie have lowered the technology barrier

Hokus Pokus Movie

to movie production significantly. Both production and post-production costs have been significantly lowered; today, the hardware and software for post-production can be installed in a commodity-based personal computer. Technologies such as DVDs, FireWire connections and non-linear editing system pro-level software like Adobe Premiere Hokus Pokus Movie Pro, Sony Vegas and Apple's Final Cut Pro, and consumer level software such as Apple's Final Hokus Pokus Movie Cut Express and iMovie make movie-making relatively inexpensive. Since Hokus Pokus Movie the introduction of DV technology, the means of production have become more democratized. Filmmakers can conceivably shoot and edit a movie, Hokus Pokus Movie create and edit the sound and music, and mix the final cut on a home computer. However, while the means of production may Hokus Pokus Movie be democratized, Hokus Pokus Movie financing, distribution, and marketing remain difficult to accomplish outside the traditional system. Most independent filmmakers rely on film Hokus Pokus Movie festivals to get their films noticed and sold for distribution. The arrival of internet-based Hokus Pokus Movie video outlets such as YouTube and Veoh has further changed the film making landscape in ways Hokus Pokus Movie that are still to be determined. Open content film Main article: Hokus Pokus Movie Open content film An open content film is much like an independent Hokus Pokus Movie film, but Hokus Pokus Movie it Hokus Pokus Movie is produced through open collaborations; its source material is available under a license which is Hokus Pokus Movie permissive enough to allow other parties to create fan fiction or Hokus Pokus Movie derivative works, than a traditional copyright. Like independent filmmaking, open source filmmaking takes place outside of Hollywood, or other major

Hokus Pokus Movie

studio systems. Fan film Main article: Fan

Hokus Pokus Movie

film A fan film is a film or video Hokus Pokus Movie inspired by a film, television program, comic book or a similar source, created Hokus Pokus Movie by fans rather than by the Hokus Pokus Movie source's copyright holders or creators. Fan Hokus Pokus Movie filmmakers have traditionally been amateurs, but some of the more notable Hokus Pokus Movie films have actually been produced by professional filmmakers as film school class projects or as demonstration reels. Fan films vary tremendously in length, from short faux-teaser trailers for non-existent Hokus Pokus Movie motion pictures to rarer full-length motion pictures Animation is

Hokus Pokus Movie

the technique in Hokus Pokus Movie which each frame of a Hokus Pokus Movie film is produced individually, whether generated as a Hokus Pokus Movie computer graphic, or by photographing a drawn image, or by repeatedly making small changes to a model unit (see claymation and stop Hokus Pokus Movie motion), and then photographing the result with a special animation camera. When the frames Hokus Pokus Movie are Hokus Pokus Movie strung Hokus Pokus Movie together and the resulting film is viewed at a speed of 16 or Hokus Pokus Movie more frames per second, there is an illusion of continuous movement (due to the persistence of Hokus Pokus Movie vision). Generating such a film is very labour intensive and tedious, though Hokus Pokus Movie the Hokus Pokus Movie development Hokus Pokus Movie of computer animation has greatly sped up the process. File formats like GIF, QuickTime, Shockwave and Flash allow animation Hokus Pokus Movie to be viewed on a computer or over the Internet. Because animation Hokus Pokus Movie is very time-consuming and Hokus Pokus Movie often very expensive to produce, the majority of animation for TV and movies comes from professional animation studios. However, Hokus Pokus Movie the field of independent animation has existed at least since the 1950s, with animation being produced by independent Hokus Pokus Movie studios (and sometimes by a Hokus Pokus Movie single person). Several independent animation producers have gone on to enter the professional animation industry. Limited animation is a way Hokus Pokus Movie of increasing production and decreasing costs of animation by using "short Hokus Pokus Movie cuts" in the Hokus Pokus Movie animation process. This method was pioneered by UPA and popularized Hokus Pokus Movie by Hanna-Barbera, and adapted by other studios as cartoons Hokus Pokus Movie moved from Hokus Pokus Movie movie theaters to television.[3] Although most animation studios are now using digital Hokus Pokus Movie technologies in their productions, there is a specific style of animation that depends on film. Cameraless animation, made famous by moviemakers like Norman McLaren, Len Hokus Pokus Movie Lye and Stan Brakhage, is painted and drawn directly onto pieces of film, and then run through a projector. Venues When it is initially produced, a feature film Hokus Pokus Movie is often shown to audiences in Hokus Pokus Movie a movie theater or cinema. Hokus Pokus Movie The first theater designed exclusively for cinema opened in Pittsburgh, Hokus Pokus Movie Pennsylvania in 1905.[4] Thousands of such theaters

Hokus Pokus Movie

were built Hokus Pokus Movie or Hokus Pokus Movie converted from existing facilities within a few years.[5] In the Hokus Pokus Movie United Hokus Pokus Movie States, these theaters came to be known as nickelodeons, because admission typically cost a nickel

Hokus Pokus Movie

(five cents). Typically, Hokus Pokus Movie one film is Hokus Pokus Movie the featured presentation (or feature film). Before the 1970s, there were "double features"; typically, a high quality "A picture" rented by an independent

Hokus Pokus Movie

theater Hokus Pokus Movie for a Hokus Pokus Movie lump sum, and a "B picture" Hokus Pokus Movie of lower quality rented for a percentage of the gross receipts. Today, the bulk of the material shown Hokus Pokus Movie before the feature film consists of previews Hokus Pokus Movie for upcoming movies and paid advertisements (also Hokus Pokus Movie known as trailers or "The Twenty"). Historically, all mass marketed feature Hokus Pokus Movie films were made to be shown in movie theaters. The development of television has allowed films to be broadcast to larger audiences, usually after the film is Hokus Pokus Movie no longer being shown in theaters. Recording technology has also enabled consumers to rent or buy copies of films on VHS or DVD Hokus Pokus Movie (and the older formats of laserdisc, VCD and Hokus Pokus Movie SelectaVision � see also Hokus Pokus Movie Blow Movie Posters Htm videodisc), and Internet downloads may be available and have started to become revenue sources for the film companies. Hokus Pokus Movie Some films are now made specifically for these other venues, being Hokus Pokus Movie released as made-for-TV movies or direct-to-video movies. The production Hokus Pokus Movie values on these films are

Hokus Pokus Movie

often considered to be of inferior quality compared to theatrical releases Hokus Pokus Movie in similar genres, and indeed, some films that are Hokus Pokus Movie rejected by their own studios upon completion are distributed through these markets. The movie theater pays an average of about 50-55% of its ticket sales to the movie studio, as film rental fees.[6] The actual percentage starts with Hokus Pokus Movie a number higher than that, and decreases as the duration of a film's showing continues, as

Hokus Pokus Movie

an incentive to theaters to keep movies in Hokus Pokus Movie the theater longer. However, today's barrage of Hokus Pokus Movie highly marketed movies ensures that most movies are shown in first-run theaters for less than 8 weeks. There are a few movies every year that defy Hokus Pokus Movie this rule, often limited-release movies that start in only a few theaters and actually grow their theater count through good word-of-mouth and reviews. According to a 2000 study by ABN AMRO, about 26% of Hollywood movie studios' worldwide income came from box Hokus Pokus Movie office ticket sales; 46% came from VHS Hokus Pokus Movie and Hokus Pokus Movie DVD sales to consumers; and 28% came from television (broadcast, cable, and pay-per-view).[6] Future state While motion picture

Hokus Pokus Movie

films have been around for more than a century, film is still a relative newcomer in the Hokus Pokus Movie pantheon of fine arts. In the 1950s, when television became widely available, industry Hokus Pokus Movie analysts predicted the demise

Hokus Pokus Movie

of local movie theaters. Despite competition from Hokus Pokus Movie television's increasing technological sophistication over the 1960s and 1970s, Hokus Pokus Movie such as the development of color television and large screens, motion picture Hokus Pokus Movie cinemas continued. In the 1980s, when the widespread availability Hokus Pokus Movie of inexpensive videocassette recorders enabled people to select films for home viewing, industry analysts again wrongly predicted

Hokus Pokus Movie

the death of the local cinemas. In Hokus Pokus Movie the 1990s and 2000s the development of Hokus Pokus Movie digital DVD players, home theater amplification systems with surround sound and subwoofers, and large LCD or plasma screens enabled Hokus Pokus Movie people to select and view films at home with greatly improved

Hokus Pokus Movie

audio and visual reproduction. These new technologies provided audio and visual that in the past only local cinemas had been able to Hokus Pokus Movie provide: a large, clear widescreen presentation of a film with a full-range, high-quality multi-speaker sound system. Once again industry analysts predicted the demise Hokus Pokus Movie of the local cinema. Local cinemas will be changing in the 2000s Hokus Pokus Movie and moving Hokus Pokus Movie towards digital screens, a new approach which will allow for easier and quicker distribution of films (via satellite or hard disks), a development which may give local theaters a reprieve from their predicted demise. The Hokus Pokus Movie cinema now faces a Hokus Pokus Movie new challenge from home video by the likes of a new DVD format Hokus Pokus Movie Blu-ray, which can provide full HD Hokus Pokus Movie 1080p video playback at near cinema quality. Video formats are gradually catching up with the resolutions and quality that film offers, 1080p in Blu-ray offers a pixel resolution of 1920?1080 a leap from Hokus Pokus Movie the DVD offering of 720?480 and the paltry 330?480 offered by the first Hokus Pokus Movie home video standard VHS. The maximum resolutions that film currently offers are 2485?2970 or 1420?3390, UHD, a future digital Hokus Pokus Movie video format, will offer a massive resolution of 7680?4320, surpassing all current film

Hokus Pokus Movie

resolutions. The

Hokus Pokus Movie

only viable competitor to these new innovations is IMAX which can play film content at an extreme 10000?7000 resolution. Despite the rise of all new Hokus Pokus Movie technologies, the Hokus Pokus Movie development of the Hokus Pokus Movie home video market and a surge Hokus Pokus Movie of online piracy, 2007 was a record year in film that showed the highest ever box-office grosses. Hokus Pokus Movie Many expected film to Hokus Pokus Movie suffer as a result of the effects listed above but it has flourished, strengthening film studio expectations for the future.