Film is a term that encompasses Catheter Movie Gallery individual motion pictures, the field of film as an art form, Catheter Movie Gallery and the motion picture industry. Films are produced by recording Catheter Movie Gallery images from the world with cameras, or by Catheter Movie Gallery creating images using animation techniques or special effects.
Films are cultural artifacts created by specific cultures, which Catheter Movie Gallery reflect those cultures, and, in turn, affect them. Film is considered to be Catheter Movie Gallery an important art form, a source Catheter Movie Gallery of popular entertainment and a powerful method for educating Catheter Movie Gallery � or indoctrinating � citizens. Catheter Movie Gallery The visual elements Catheter Movie Gallery of cinema Catheter Movie Gallery gives motion pictures a universal power of communication. Some films have become popular worldwide attractions by using dubbing or subtitles that translate the dialogue.
Traditional films are Catheter Movie Gallery made up of Catheter Movie Gallery a series of individual Catheter Movie Gallery images called frames. When Catheter Movie Gallery these images are shown rapidly in succession, Catheter Movie Gallery a viewer has the illusion that motion is occurring. The viewer cannot see the flickering between Catheter Movie Gallery frames due Catheter Movie Gallery to Catheter Movie Gallery an effect known as persistence of vision, whereby the eye retains a
The origin of the name "film" comes from the fact that photographic film (also called film stock) had historically been Catheter Movie Gallery the primary medium for recording and displaying motion pictures. Many other terms exist for an individual motion picture, including picture, picture show, photo-play, flick, and most commonly, movie. Additional terms for the field in general include Catheter Movie Gallery the big screen, the silver screen, the cinema, and the movies.In the Catheter Movie Gallery 1860s, mechanisms for producing artificially created, two-dimensional images in motion were demonstrated with devices such Catheter Movie Gallery as Catheter Movie Gallery the zoetrope and Catheter Movie Gallery the praxinoscope. These machines were outgrowths of simple optical Catheter Movie Gallery devices (such as Catheter Movie Gallery magic lanterns) and would display sequences of still pictures at sufficient speed for the images on the pictures to appear to be moving, a phenomenon called persistence of vision. Naturally, the images needed Catheter Movie Gallery to be carefully designed to achieve the desired effect � and Catheter Movie Gallery the underlying principle became the basis for the development of film animation.
A frame from Roundhay Garden Scene, the world's earliest film, by Louis Le Prince, Catheter Movie Gallery 1888
With the development of celluloid film for Catheter Movie Gallery still photography, it became possible to directly capture Catheter Movie Gallery objects in motion in real time. Early versions of the technology sometimes required a person to look into a viewing Catheter Movie Gallery machine Catheter Movie Gallery to see Catheter Movie Gallery the pictures which were separate paper prints attached to a drum turned by a handcrank. The pictures were Catheter Movie Gallery shown at a variable speed of about 5 to 10 pictures per second depending on how rapidly Catheter Movie Gallery the crank was turned. Catheter Movie Gallery Some of these machines were Catheter Movie Gallery coin operated. By the 1880s, the development of the motion picture camera allowed the individual component images to be captured and stored on a single reel, and led quickly to the development of a motion picture projector to shine light through Catheter Movie Gallery the processed Catheter Movie Gallery and printed film and magnify these "moving picture shows" onto a screen for an entire Catheter Movie Gallery audience. These reels, so exhibited, came to be Catheter Movie Gallery known as "motion pictures". Catheter Movie Gallery Early motion pictures were static shots that showed an event or action with no editing or other cinematic techniques.
Ignoring Dickson's Catheter Movie Gallery early sound experiments (1894), Catheter Movie Gallery commercial motion pictures were purely visual art through the late 19th century, but these innovative silent films had gained a hold on the public imagination. Around Catheter Movie Gallery the Catheter Movie Gallery turn of the twentieth century, films began developing a narrative Catheter Movie Gallery structure by stringing scenes together to tell narratives. The scenes were later broken up Catheter Movie Gallery into multiple shots of varying sizes Catheter Movie Gallery and angles. Other techniques such as camera movement were realized as effective ways to portray a story on film. Rather than leave the audience Catheter Movie Gallery in silence, theater owners would hire a pianist or organist Catheter Movie Gallery or Catheter Movie Gallery a full orchestra to play music fitting the mood of the Catheter Movie Gallery film at Catheter Movie Gallery any given moment. By the early 1920s, most films came with a prepared list of Catheter Movie Gallery sheet music for Catheter Movie Gallery this purpose, with Catheter Movie Gallery complete film scores being composed for major productions.
A shot from Georges Melies Le Voyage Catheter Movie Gallery dans Catheter Movie Gallery la Catheter Movie Gallery Lune (A Trip to the Moon) (1902), an early narrative film.
The rise of European cinema was Catheter Movie Gallery interrupted by the breakout of Catheter Movie Gallery World War I while the film industry in Catheter Movie Gallery United States flourished with the rise of Hollywood. However in Catheter Movie Gallery the 1920s, European filmmakers such as Sergei Eisenstein, F. W. Murnau, and Fritz Lang, along with American innovator D. W. Griffith and the contributions of Charles Chaplin, Buster Keaton and others, continued to advance the medium. In the 1920s, new Catheter Movie Gallery technology allowed filmmakers to attach to each film Catheter Movie Gallery a soundtrack of speech, music and sound effects synchronized with Catheter Movie Gallery the action on the screen. These sound films were initially distinguished by calling them "talking pictures", or talkies.
The next major step in the development of cinema was the introduction of so-called "natural" Catheter Movie Gallery color. Catheter Movie Gallery While the addition of sound quickly eclipsed silent film and theater musicians, color was adopted more gradually as Catheter Movie Gallery methods Catheter Movie Gallery evolved making it more practical and cost effective to produce "natural color" films. The Catheter Movie Gallery public was relatively indifferent to color photography as opposed to black-and-white,[citation needed] but as color processes improved and became as affordable as black-and-white film, more and more Catheter Movie Gallery movies were filmed in Catheter Movie Gallery color after the end of World War II, as the industry in America came to view color as essential to attracting audiences in Catheter Movie Gallery its competition Catheter Movie Gallery with television, which Catheter Movie Gallery remained a black-and-white Catheter Movie Gallery medium until the mid-1960s. By the end Catheter Movie Gallery of Catheter Movie Gallery the 1960s, col
Since the decline of the studio system in the 1960s, the succeeding decades saw changes in the production and style of film. New Catheter Movie Gallery Hollywood, French New Catheter Movie Gallery Wave and the rise of Catheter Movie Gallery film school educated independent filmmakers were all part of Catheter Movie Gallery the changes the medium experienced in the latter half of the 20th century. Digital technology Catheter Movie Gallery has been the driving force in change throughout the 1990s and into Catheter Movie Gallery the 21st century.
Theory
Main article: Film theory
Film theory seeks to develop Catheter Movie Gallery concise and systematic concepts that apply Catheter Movie Gallery to the study Catheter Movie Gallery of film as art. It was started by Ricciotto Canudo's The Birth of the Sixth Art. Formalist film theory, led by Rudolf Arnheim, Bela Balazs, and Siegfried Kracauer, emphasized how film differed from reality, Catheter Movie Gallery and thus could be considered a valid fine art. Catheter Movie Gallery Andre Bazin reacted Catheter Movie Gallery against this theory by arguing that film's artistic essence lay in its ability to mechanically reproduce reality not in its differences from reality, and this gave rise to realist theory. More recent analysis spurred by Lacan's psychoanalysis and Ferdinand de Saussure's Catheter Movie Gallery semiotics among other things has given Catheter Movie Gallery rise to psychoanalytical film theory, structuralist film theory, feminist film theory and others.
Criticism
Main article: Film criticism
Film Catheter Movie Gallery criticism is the analysis and Catheter Movie Gallery evaluation of films. In Catheter Movie Gallery general, these works can be divided Catheter Movie Gallery into two Catheter Movie Gallery categories: academic criticism by Catheter Movie Gallery film scholars and journalistic film criticism that appears regularly in newspapers Catheter Movie Gallery and other media.
Film critics working for newspapers, magazines, and broadcast media mainly review new releases. Normally they only see any given film once and have only a day or two to formulate opinions. Despite this, critics have an important impact on Catheter Movie Gallery films, especially Catheter Movie Gallery those of certain genres. Mass marketed action, horror, and comedy films tend not to be greatly affected by a critic's overall judgment of a film. The plot summary and description of a film that makes up the majority of any film review can still have an important impact on whether people decide to see a film. For prestige films such as most dramas, the Catheter Movie Gallery influence Catheter Movie Gallery of reviews is extremely important. Poor reviews will often Catheter Movie Gallery doom a film to Catheter Movie Gallery obscurity and financial Catheter Movie Gallery loss.
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The impact of a reviewer on a given film's Catheter Movie Gallery box office performance is a matter of debate. Some claim that movie marketing is now so intense Catheter Movie Gallery and well financed that reviewers cannot make an impact against it. However, the cataclysmic failure of some heavily-promoted movies which were harshly reviewed, as Catheter Movie Gallery well as the unexpected success of critically praised independent movies indicates that extreme critical reactions can Catheter Movie Gallery have considerable influence. Others note Catheter Movie Gallery that positive film reviews have been shown to spark interest Catheter Movie Gallery in little-known films. Conversely, there have been several films in which film companies have Catheter Movie Gallery so little confidence that they refuse Catheter Movie Gallery to Catheter Movie Gallery give Catheter Movie Gallery reviewers an advanced viewing to avoid widespread panning of the Catheter Movie Gallery film. However, this usually backfires as reviewers are wise Catheter Movie Gallery to the tactic and warn the public that the film may not be worth seeing and the films often do poorly as a result.
It is argued Catheter Movie Gallery that journalist film critics should only be known as film reviewers, and Review Movie Elizabeth true film critics are those who take a more Catheter Movie Gallery academic approach to films. This Catheter Movie Gallery line of work is more often known as film theory or film studies. These film critics attempt to come to understand how film and filming techniques work, and Catheter Movie Gallery what effect Catheter Movie Gallery they have on people. Rather than having their Catheter Movie Gallery works published in newspapers or appear on television, their articles are published Catheter Movie Gallery in scholarly journals, or sometimes in up-market magazines. They also tend to be affiliated Catheter Movie Gallery with colleges or universities.
Industry
Main article: Film industry
The Catheter Movie Gallery making and showing of motion pictures became a source of profit almost as soon as the process was invented. Upon seeing Catheter Movie Gallery how successful their new invention, and its product, was in their native France, the Lumieres quickly set about touring the Continent to exhibit Catheter Movie Gallery the first films privately to royalty and publicly to Catheter Movie Gallery the masses. In each country, they would normally add new, local Catheter Movie Gallery scenes to their Catheter Movie Gallery catalogue and, Catheter Movie Gallery quickly enough, found local entrepreneurs in the Catheter Movie Gallery various countries of Europe to buy Catheter Movie Gallery their equipment and photograph, export, import and screen additional product Catheter Movie Gallery commercially. The Oberammergau Passion Play of 1898[citation needed] was the first commercial Catheter Movie Gallery motion picture ever produced. Other pictures soon followed, and motion pictures became a separate industry that overshadowed the vaudeville world. Dedicated theaters and companies formed specifically to produce and distribute films, Catheter Movie Gallery while motion Catheter Movie Gallery picture actors became major celebrities and commanded huge fees for their performances. Already by 1917, Charlie Chaplin had a contract that called for Catheter Movie Gallery an annual salary of one million dollars.
In the United States today, much of the film industry is centered around Catheter Movie Gallery Hollywood. Other Catheter Movie Gallery regional centers exist in many Catheter Movie Gallery parts of the world, such as Mumbai-centered Bollywood, the Indian film industry's Catheter Movie Gallery Hindi cinema which produces the largest number of films in the world.[1] Whether the Catheter Movie Gallery ten thousand-plus feature length films a year produced by the Valley pornographic Catheter Movie Gallery film industry should qualify for this title is the source of some debate.[citation Catheter Movie Gallery needed] Though the expense involved in Catheter Movie Gallery making movies has led cinema Catheter Movie Gallery production to concentrate under the auspices of movie studios, recent advances in affordable film making Catheter Movie Gallery equipment Catheter Movie Gallery have Catheter Movie Gallery allowed independent film Catheter Movie Gallery productions to flourish.
Profit Catheter Movie Gallery is a key Catheter Movie Gallery force in Catheter Movie Gallery the industry, due Catheter Movie Gallery to the costly and risky nature of filmmaking; many films have large cost overruns, a notorious example being Kevin Costner's Waterworld. Yet many filmmakers strive to create works of lasting social significance. The Academy Awards (also known as Catheter Movie Gallery "the Oscars") are the most prominent film awards Catheter Movie Gallery in the United States, providing Catheter Movie Gallery recognition each year to films, ostensibly based on their artistic merits.
There is also a large industry Catheter Movie Gallery for educational and instructional films made in lieu of or in addition to Catheter Movie Gallery lectures and texts.
Preview
A preview performance refers to a showing of a movie to a select audience, usually for the purposes of corporate promotions, before the public Catheter Movie Gallery film premiere itself. Previews are sometimes used to judge Catheter Movie Gallery audience reaction, which if unexpectedly negative, may result in recutting or even refilming certain sections. (cf Audience response.)
Trailer
Main Catheter Movie Gallery article: Trailer (film)
Trailers or previews are film advertisements for films that will be exhibited in the future at a cinema, on whose screen they are shown. The term "trailer" comes from their having originally been shown at the end of a film programme. That practice Catheter Movie Gallery did not last long, because patrons tended to leave the theater after the films ended, but the name has stuck. Trailers are now shown Catheter Movie Gallery before the film (or the A Catheter Movie Gallery movie in a double feature program) begins.
The nature of the Catheter Movie Gallery film Catheter Movie Gallery determines the size and Catheter Movie Gallery type of crew required during filmmaking. Many Hollywood adventure films need computer generated imagery (CGI), created by dozens of 3D modellers, animators, rotoscopers Catheter Movie Gallery and compositors. However, a low-budget, independent film may be made with a skeleton crew, Blow Movie Posters Htm often paid very little. Also, an open source film may Catheter Movie Gallery be produced through open, collaborative processes. Filmmaking takes place all over the world using different technologies, styles of acting and genre, and is produced in a variety of economic contexts that range from state-sponsored documentary in China to profit-oriented movie making Catheter Movie Gallery within the American studio system.
This production cycle typically takes three Catheter Movie Gallery years. The first year is Catheter Movie Gallery taken up with development. The second year comprises preproduction and production. The third year, post-production and distribution.
Crew
Main article: Film Catheter Movie Gallery crew
A film crew is a group of people hired by a film company, employed during the "production" or "photography" phase, for the purpose Catheter Movie Gallery of producing a film or motion picture. Crew are distinguished from cast, the actors who appear in front Catheter Movie Gallery of the camera or provide Catheter Movie Gallery voices for characters in the Catheter Movie Gallery film. Catheter Movie Gallery The crew Catheter Movie Gallery interacts with but is also distinct from the production staff, consisting of producers, managers, company representatives, their assistants, and those whose Catheter Movie Gallery primary responsibility falls in pre-production or post-production phases, such as writers and Catheter Movie Gallery editors. Communication between production and crew generally passes through the director and his/her staff of assistants. Medium-to-large crews are generally divided into departments with well defined hierarchies Catheter Movie Gallery and standards for interaction and cooperation between Catheter Movie Gallery the departments. Catheter Movie Gallery Other than acting, the Catheter Movie Gallery crew handles everything in the photography phase: props and costumes, shooting, sound, electrics (i.e., lights), sets, and production special Catheter Movie Gallery effects. Caterers (known in Catheter Movie Gallery the film industry as "craft services") are usually not considered part of the crew.
Technology
Film stock consists of transparent celluloid, Catheter Movie Gallery acetate, or polyester base coated with an emulsion containing light-sensitive chemicals. Cellulose nitrate was Catheter Movie Gallery the first Catheter Movie Gallery type of Catheter Movie Gallery film base used to record motion pictures, but due to its flammability was eventually replaced by safer materials. Stock widths and the film format for images on the Catheter Movie Gallery reel have had Catheter Movie Gallery a rich Catheter Movie Gallery history, though most large commercial films are still shot on (and distributed to theaters) as 35 mm prints.
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Originally moving Catheter Movie Gallery picture Catheter Movie Gallery film was shot and projected at various speeds using hand-cranked cameras and projectors; though 1000 frames per Catheter Movie Gallery minute Catheter Movie Gallery (16? Catheter Movie Gallery frame/s) is Catheter Movie Gallery generally cited as a standard silent Catheter Movie Gallery speed, research indicates most films were shot between 16 Catheter Movie Gallery frame/s and 23 frame/s and projected from 18 frame/s on Catheter Movie Gallery up (often reels Catheter Movie Gallery included Catheter Movie Gallery instructions on Catheter Movie Gallery how fast each scene should be shown) [1]. When Catheter Movie Gallery sound Catheter Movie Gallery film was introduced in the late 1920s, a constant speed Catheter Movie Gallery was required for the sound head. 24 frames per second was chosen because it was Catheter Movie Gallery the slowest (and thus cheapest) speed which allowed for sufficient sound quality. Improvements since the late 19th Catheter Movie Gallery century include the mechanization of cameras � allowing them to record at a consistent speed, Catheter Movie Gallery quiet camera design � allowing sound recorded on-set to be Catheter Movie Gallery usable Catheter Movie Gallery without requiring Hokus Pokus Movie large "blimps" to encase the camera, the invention of Catheter Movie Gallery more sophisticated filmstocks and lenses, Catheter Movie Gallery allowing directors to film in increasingly dim conditions, and the development of synchronized sound, allowing sound to be recorded Catheter Movie Gallery at exactly the same speed as its corresponding action. The soundtrack can be recorded separately from shooting the film, but for live-action pictures many parts of the soundtrack are usually recorded simultaneously.
As a Catheter Movie Gallery medium, film is not limited to motion pictures, since the technology developed as the basis for photography. It can be used to present a progressive Catheter Movie Gallery sequence of still images in the form of a slideshow. Film Catheter Movie Gallery has also been incorporated into multimedia presentations, and often has importance as primary historical documentation. However, historic films Catheter Movie Gallery have problems in terms of preservation and storage, and the motion picture industry is exploring many alternatives. Most Catheter Movie Gallery movies on cellulose nitrate base Catheter Movie Gallery have been copied onto modern safety films. Some studios save color films through the use of Catheter Movie Gallery separation masters � three B&W negatives each exposed through red, green, or blue filters (essentially a reverse of the Technicolor process). Digital methods Catheter Movie Gallery have also been used to restore Catheter Movie Gallery films, although their continued Catheter Movie Gallery obsolescence cycle makes them Catheter Movie Gallery (as of 2006) a poor choice for long-term preservation. Film preservation of decaying film stock is a Catheter Movie Gallery matter of concern to Catheter Movie Gallery both film historians and archivists, and to Catheter Movie Gallery companies interested in preserving their existing products in order to make them available to future generations Catheter Movie Gallery (and thereby increase Catheter Movie Gallery revenue). Preservation is generally a higher-concern for nitrate and single-strip color films, due to their high decay rates; black and white films Medusa Movie on safety bases and color films preserved on Technicolor imbibition prints tend to keep up much better, assuming proper handling and storage.
Some films in recent decades have been recorded using analog video technology similar to that used in television production. Modern digital video cameras and digital projectors are gaining ground Catheter Movie Gallery as well. These approaches are extremely beneficial to moviemakers, especially because footage can be evaluated and edited without waiting for the film stock to be processed. Yet the Catheter Movie Gallery migration is gradual, Catheter Movie Gallery and as of 2005 most major motion pictures are still recorded on film.
Independent
Main article: Independent film
The Lumiere Brothers
Independent Catheter Movie Gallery filmmaking often takes place outside of Hollywood, or other major studio systems. An independent film (or indie film) is Catheter Movie Gallery a film initially produced without financing or distribution from a major movie studio. Creative, business, and technological reasons have all contributed to the growth of the indie film scene Catheter Movie Gallery in the late 20th and early 21st Sweeny Todd Depp Movie century.
On the business side, the costs Catheter Movie Gallery of big-budget studio films also leads Catheter Movie Gallery to conservative choices in cast and crew. There Myspace Wife Boob Cheating Movie is a Catheter Movie Gallery trend in Hollywood towards co-financing (over two-thirds of the films put out by Warner Bros. in 2000 were joint ventures, up from 10% Catheter Movie Gallery in 1987).[2] A hopeful director is Catheter Movie Gallery almost never given the opportunity to get a job Catheter Movie Gallery on a big-budget studio film unless Catheter Movie Gallery he or she has significant industry experience in film or television. Also, the studios rarely produce films with unknown actors, particularly in lead roles.
Before the advent of Catheter Movie Gallery digital alternatives, the cost of professional film equipment and stock was also a hurdle to being able to produce, direct, or star Catheter Movie Gallery in a Catheter Movie Gallery traditional studio Catheter Movie Gallery film. The cost of 35 mm film is outpacing inflation: in 2002 alone, film negative costs were up 23%, according to Catheter Movie Gallery Variety.[2].
But the Catheter Movie Gallery advent of consumer camcorders in Catheter Movie Gallery 1985, and more importantly, the arrival of high-resolution digital video in the early 1990s, have lowered the technology barrier to movie production Catheter Movie Gallery significantly. Both production and post-production costs have been significantly lowered; today, the hardware and software for post-production can be installed in a Catheter Movie Gallery commodity-based personal computer. Technologies Catheter Movie Gallery such as DVDs, FireWire connections and non-linear editing system pro-level software like Adobe Premiere Catheter Movie Gallery Pro, Sony Vegas and Apple's Final Cut Pro, and consumer level software such as Apple's Final Cut Express Catheter Movie Gallery and iMovie make Catheter Movie Gallery movie-making relatively inexpensive.
Since the introduction of DV technology, the means of production have become more democratized. Filmmakers can Catheter Movie Gallery conceivably shoot and edit a movie, create and edit the sound and music, and mix the final cut on a Catheter Movie Gallery home computer. However, while the means of production may be democratized, financing, distribution, and marketing Catheter Movie Gallery remain difficult Catheter Movie Gallery to accomplish outside the traditional system. Most independent filmmakers rely on Catheter Movie Gallery film festivals to Catheter Movie Gallery get their films noticed and sold for distribution. The Catheter Movie Gallery arrival of internet-based video outlets such as YouTube and Veoh has further changed the film making landscape in ways that are still to be determined.
Open content film
Main article: Open content film
An Catheter Movie Gallery open content film is Catheter Movie Gallery much like an independent film, but it is produced through open collaborations; its source material is available under a license which is permissive enough to allow other parties to Catheter Movie Gallery create fan fiction or derivative Catheter Movie Gallery works, than a traditional copyright. Like independent filmmaking, open source filmmaking takes place outside of Hollywood, or other major studio systems.
Fan film
Main article: Fan film
A fan film is a film or video inspired by a film, television Catheter Movie Gallery program, comic book or a similar source, created by fans rather than by the Catheter Movie Gallery source's Catheter Movie Gallery copyright Catheter Movie Gallery holders or creators. Fan filmmakers have traditionally been Catheter Movie Gallery amateurs, but some of the more notable Catheter Movie Gallery films have Catheter Movie Gallery actually been produced by professional filmmakers as film school class projects or as demonstration reels. Fan films vary tremendously in length, from short faux-teaser trailers for non-existent motion pictures to rarer full-length motion pictures
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Animation is the technique Catheter Movie Gallery in which each frame of a film is produced individually, whether generated as a computer graphic, or by photographing a drawn image, or by repeatedly making small changes to a model unit (see claymation and stop motion), and then Catheter Movie Gallery photographing the result with Catheter Movie Gallery a special animation camera. When the frames are strung together Catheter Movie Gallery and the resulting film is viewed at a speed of 16 Catheter Movie Gallery or more frames per second, there is an illusion of continuous movement (due to the persistence of vision). Generating such a film is very labour intensive and tedious, Catheter Movie Gallery though the development Catheter Movie Gallery of computer animation has greatly sped up the process.
File formats like GIF, QuickTime, Shockwave Catheter Movie Gallery and Flash allow animation to be viewed on a computer or over the Catheter Movie Gallery Internet.
Because animation is very time-consuming and often very expensive Catheter Movie Gallery to produce, the majority of animation for TV and movies comes from professional animation studios. However, the field of Catheter Movie Gallery independent animation Catheter Movie Gallery has Catheter Movie Gallery existed at least since the 1950s, with animation being produced by independent studios (and sometimes by a single person). Several independent animation producers have gone on to enter the Catheter Movie Gallery professional animation industry.
Limited Catheter Movie Gallery animation is a way of increasing production and decreasing Catheter Movie Gallery costs of animation by using "short cuts" in Catheter Movie Gallery the animation process. This The Movie The Exorcist method was pioneered by UPA and popularized by Hanna-Barbera, and adapted by other Catheter Movie Gallery studios as cartoons moved from movie theaters to television.[3]
Although most animation studios are Catheter Movie Gallery now Catheter Movie Gallery using digital technologies Catheter Movie Gallery in their productions, there is a specific style of animation that depends on film. Cameraless Catheter Movie Gallery animation, made famous by moviemakers like Norman McLaren, Len Lye and Stan Brakhage, is painted and drawn directly onto pieces of Catheter Movie Gallery film, and Catheter Movie Gallery then run through a projector.
Venues
When it is initially produced, a feature film is often shown to audiences in a movie theater or cinema. The first theater designed exclusively for cinema opened in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in 1905.[4] Thousands of such theaters were built or converted from existing facilities within Catheter Movie Gallery a few Catheter Movie Gallery years.[5] In the United States, these theaters came to be known as nickelodeons, because admission typically cost a nickel (five Catheter Movie Gallery cents).
Typically, one film is the featured presentation Catheter Movie Gallery (or feature film). Before the 1970s, there were "double features"; typically, a high quality "A picture" rented by an independent theater for a lump sum, and a "B picture" of lower quality rented for a percentage of the gross receipts. Today, the bulk of the material shown before the feature film consists of previews Catheter Movie Gallery for upcoming movies and paid advertisements (also known Catheter Movie Gallery as trailers or "The Twenty").
Historically, all mass marketed feature films were Catheter Movie Gallery made to be shown in movie theaters. The development of television has allowed films to be broadcast to larger audiences, usually after Catheter Movie Gallery the film is no longer being shown in theaters. Recording technology has also enabled consumers to Catheter Movie Gallery rent or buy copies of films on Catheter Movie Gallery VHS or DVD (and the older formats of laserdisc, VCD and SelectaVision � see also videodisc), Catheter Movie Gallery and Catheter Movie Gallery Internet downloads may be available and have started to Catheter Movie Gallery become revenue sources for the film companies. Some films are now made specifically for these other venues, being released as made-for-TV movies or direct-to-video movies. The production values on these films are often Catheter Movie Gallery considered to be of inferior quality compared to theatrical releases in similar Catheter Movie Gallery genres, and indeed, some films that are rejected by their own studios upon completion are distributed through these markets.
The movie Catheter Movie Gallery theater pays an average of about 50-55% of its ticket sales to the movie studio, as film rental fees.[6] The actual percentage starts with a number higher Catheter Movie Gallery than that, and decreases as the duration of a film's showing continues, as an incentive to theaters to keep movies in the theater longer. However, today's barrage of highly marketed movies ensures that most Catheter Movie Gallery movies are shown in first-run theaters for less than 8 weeks. There are Catheter Movie Gallery a few movies Catheter Movie Gallery every year that defy this rule, often limited-release movies that start in Catheter Movie Gallery only a Catheter Movie Gallery few theaters and actually grow their theater Catheter Movie Gallery count through good word-of-mouth and reviews. According to a 2000 study by ABN AMRO, about 26% of Hollywood movie studios' Catheter Movie Gallery worldwide income came from box office ticket sales; 46% came from VHS and DVD sales to consumers; and 28% Catheter Movie Gallery came from television (broadcast, cable, and pay-per-view).[6]
Future Catheter Movie Gallery state
While motion picture films have been Catheter Movie Gallery around Catheter Movie Gallery for Catheter Movie Gallery more than a century, film is Catheter Movie Gallery still a relative newcomer in the pantheon of fine arts. In the 1950s, when television became widely available, industry analysts predicted the demise of local movie theaters. Despite competition from television's increasing Catheter Movie Gallery technological sophistication over the 1960s and 1970s, Catheter Movie Gallery such as Catheter Movie Gallery the development of color television and large screens, motion picture cinemas continued. In the 1980s, when the widespread availability of inexpensive videocassette recorders enabled people to select films for home viewing, industry analysts again wrongly predicted the death Catheter Movie Gallery of the local Catheter Movie Gallery cinemas.
In the 1990s and 2000s the development of digital DVD players, home theater amplification systems Homemade Cumshot Movie with surround sound and subwoofers, and large LCD or plasma screens Catheter Movie Gallery enabled people to select and view films at home Catheter Movie Gallery with greatly improved audio and visual reproduction. These new technologies provided audio and Catheter Movie Gallery visual that in the past only local cinemas had been able to provide: a large, clear widescreen presentation of a film with a full-range, high-quality multi-speaker sound system. Once again Catheter Movie Gallery industry analysts predicted the demise of Catheter Movie Gallery the local cinema. Local cinemas will be changing in the 2000s and moving towards digital screens, a new approach which will allow for easier Catheter Movie Gallery and quicker distribution of films (via satellite or hard Veggie Tale Movie disks), a development Catheter Movie Gallery which may give local theaters a reprieve from their predicted demise.
The cinema now faces a Catheter Movie Gallery new challenge from home video by the likes of a new DVD format Blu-ray, which can provide full HD 1080p video playback at near cinema quality. Video formats are gradually catching up with the resolutions and quality that film offers, 1080p in Blu-ray offers a pixel resolution of 1920?1080 a leap from the Catheter Movie Gallery DVD offering of 720?480 and Catheter Movie Gallery the paltry 330?480 offered Catheter Movie Gallery by the first home video standard VHS. The maximum resolutions that film Catheter Movie Gallery currently offers are 2485?2970 or 1420?3390, UHD, a future digital video format, will offer a massive |
