Film Grease Movie Clothing is a term that encompasses individual motion pictures, the field of film as an art form, and the motion picture industry. Films Grease Movie Clothing are produced by Grease Movie Clothing recording images from the world with cameras, or by creating images using animation techniques or special Grease Movie Clothing effects.
Films are Grease Movie Clothing cultural artifacts created by specific cultures, which reflect those Grease Movie Clothing cultures, and, in turn, affect Grease Movie Clothing them. Film is considered Grease Movie Clothing to be an important art form, a source of popular entertainment and a powerful method for educating � or indoctrinating � citizens. The visual elements of cinema gives motion pictures a universal power of communication. Some films have become popular worldwide attractions by using dubbing or subtitles that translate the dialogue.
Traditional films are made up of a series Grease Movie Clothing of individual images called frames. When these images are shown rapidly in succession, a viewer has the illusion that motion Grease Movie Clothing is occurring. The viewer cannot see Grease Movie Clothing the flickering between frames due to an effect Grease Movie Clothing known as persistence of vision, whereby the eye retains a
The origin of the Grease Movie Clothing name "film" comes Grease Movie Clothing from the fact that photographic film (also Grease Movie Clothing called film stock) had historically been Grease Movie Clothing the primary medium for Grease Movie Clothing recording and displaying motion pictures. Many other terms exist for an individual motion picture, including picture, picture show, photo-play, flick, and most commonly, movie. Additional terms for the field in general include the big screen, the silver screen, the cinema, and the movies.In the 1860s, mechanisms Grease Movie Clothing for producing artificially created, two-dimensional images Grease Movie Clothing in Grease Movie Clothing motion were demonstrated with devices such as the zoetrope and Grease Movie Clothing the praxinoscope. These machines were outgrowths of simple optical devices (such as magic lanterns) and would display sequences of still pictures at sufficient speed for the images on the pictures to appear to be moving, a phenomenon called Grease Movie Clothing persistence of Grease Movie Clothing vision. Naturally, the images needed to Grease Movie Clothing be carefully designed to achieve the desired effect � and the underlying principle became the basis for the development of film animation.
A frame from Roundhay Garden Scene, the world's earliest film, by Louis Le Prince, 1888
With the Grease Movie Clothing development of celluloid film for still photography, it became possible to directly capture objects in motion in Grease Movie Clothing real time. Early versions of the technology sometimes required a Grease Movie Clothing person to look into a viewing machine to see the pictures Grease Movie Clothing which were Grease Movie Clothing separate paper Grease Movie Clothing prints attached Grease Movie Clothing to a drum turned by a handcrank. The pictures were Grease Movie Clothing shown at a variable speed of about 5 to 10 Grease Movie Clothing pictures per second depending on how rapidly the crank was turned. Some of these machines were coin operated. By the 1880s, Grease Movie Clothing the development of the motion picture camera allowed the individual Grease Movie Clothing component images to be captured and stored on a single reel, and led quickly to the development of a motion picture projector to shine light through the processed and printed film and magnify these "moving picture shows" Grease Movie Clothing onto a screen for an entire audience. These reels, so exhibited, came to be known Grease Movie Clothing as Grease Movie Clothing "motion pictures". Early motion pictures Grease Movie Clothing were static shots that showed an event or action with no editing or other cinematic Grease Movie Clothing techniques.
Ignoring Grease Movie Clothing Dickson's Grease Movie Clothing early sound experiments (1894), Grease Movie Clothing commercial motion pictures were purely visual art through the late 19th century, but these innovative silent films had gained a hold on the public imagination. Around the turn of the twentieth century, films began developing San Francisco Ca Movie Star Sighting a narrative structure by stringing scenes together to tell narratives. The scenes were later broken up into multiple shots of Grease Movie Clothing varying sizes and angles. Other techniques such as Grease Movie Clothing camera movement were realized as effective ways to portray a story on film. Rather than leave the audience in silence, theater owners would hire a pianist or organist or a full orchestra to play music fitting the mood of the film at any given moment. By the early 1920s, most Grease Movie Clothing films Grease Movie Clothing came with a prepared Grease Movie Clothing list Grease Movie Clothing of sheet music for Grease Movie Clothing this purpose, with complete film scores being composed Grease Movie Clothing for major productions.
A shot from Georges Melies Le Voyage dans la Grease Movie Clothing Lune (A Trip to the Moon) Grease Movie Clothing (1902), an early narrative film.
The rise of Grease Movie Clothing European cinema was interrupted by the breakout of World War I while the Grease Movie Clothing film industry in United States flourished with the rise of Hollywood. However in the 1920s, European filmmakers such as Sergei Eisenstein, F. W. Murnau, and Fritz Lang, along with American innovator D. W. Griffith and the contributions of Charles Chaplin, Buster Keaton and others, continued to advance the medium. In the 1920s, new technology allowed filmmakers to attach to each film a soundtrack of speech, Grease Movie Clothing music and sound effects Grease Movie Clothing synchronized with the action on the screen. These sound films were initially distinguished by calling them "talking pictures", or talkies.
The next major step Grease Movie Clothing in the development of cinema was the introduction of so-called "natural" color. While the Grease Movie Clothing addition of sound quickly eclipsed silent film Grease Movie Clothing and theater musicians, color was adopted Grease Movie Clothing more gradually as methods evolved Grease Movie Clothing making it more practical and cost effective Grease Movie Clothing to produce "natural color" films. The public was relatively indifferent to color photography as opposed to black-and-white,[citation needed] but as color Grease Movie Clothing processes improved and became as affordable as black-and-white film, more and more movies were filmed in color after the end of World War II, as Grease Movie Clothing the industry in America came to view color Grease Movie Clothing as essential to attracting audiences in its competition with Grease Movie Clothing television, which remained a black-and-white medium until Grease Movie Clothing the mid-1960s. By the end of the 1960s, col
Since the decline of the studio system Grease Movie Clothing in the 1960s, the succeeding decades saw changes in the production and style of film. New Hollywood, French Grease Movie Clothing New Wave and the rise of film school educated independent filmmakers were all part of the changes the Grease Movie Clothing medium experienced in the Grease Movie Clothing latter half of the 20th century. Digital technology has been the driving force in change throughout the 1990s and into the 21st century.
Theory
Main article: Film theory
Film theory seeks to develop concise and systematic concepts that apply to the study of film as art. Grease Movie Clothing It was started Grease Movie Clothing by Ricciotto Canudo's The Birth of the Sixth Art. Grease Movie Clothing Formalist film theory, led by Rudolf Arnheim, Bela Balazs, and Siegfried Kracauer, emphasized how film differed from reality, and thus could Grease Movie Clothing be considered Grease Movie Clothing a valid fine art. Andre Bazin reacted against this theory by Grease Movie Clothing arguing that film's artistic essence lay in its ability to mechanically reproduce reality not in its differences from reality, and this gave rise to realist theory. More recent analysis spurred by Lacan's psychoanalysis and Grease Movie Clothing Ferdinand Grease Movie Clothing de Saussure's semiotics among other things has given rise Grease Movie Clothing to psychoanalytical film theory, structuralist film theory, feminist film theory and Grease Movie Clothing others.
Criticism
Main Grease Movie Clothing article: Film criticism
Film criticism Grease Movie Clothing is the analysis and evaluation of films. In general, these works Grease Movie Clothing can be divided into two categories: Grease Movie Clothing academic criticism by film scholars Grease Movie Clothing and journalistic film criticism that appears regularly in newspapers and other media.
Film critics working for newspapers, magazines, and broadcast media mainly review new releases. Normally they only Grease Movie Clothing see any given film once and have only a day or two to formulate Grease Movie Clothing opinions. Despite this, critics have an important impact on films, especially Grease Movie Clothing those of Grease Movie Clothing certain genres. Mass Grease Movie Clothing marketed Grease Movie Clothing action, horror, and comedy films tend not Grease Movie Clothing to be greatly affected by a critic's overall judgment of a film. The plot summary and description of a film that makes up the majority of Grease Movie Clothing any film review can still have an important impact on whether people decide to see a Grease Movie Clothing film. For Grease Movie Clothing prestige films such as most dramas, the influence of reviews is extremely important. Poor reviews will often doom a film to obscurity and Grease Movie Clothing financial loss.
The impact of a reviewer on Grease Movie Clothing a given film's box office performance is a matter of debate. Some claim that movie marketing is now so intense and well financed that reviewers cannot make an impact against it. However, the cataclysmic failure of some heavily-promoted movies which were harshly reviewed, as well as the Grease Movie Clothing unexpected success of critically praised independent movies Grease Movie Clothing indicates that extreme critical reactions can have considerable influence. Others note that positive film reviews have Grease Movie Clothing been shown to spark interest in little-known films. Conversely, there have been several films in which film companies have so little confidence Grease Movie Clothing that they refuse to give reviewers an advanced viewing to avoid widespread panning of the film. However, this usually backfires as reviewers are wise to the tactic and warn the public that the film may not be worth seeing and the films Grease Movie Clothing often do poorly as Grease Movie Clothing a result.
It is argued that journalist film critics should only be known as film reviewers, and true film critics are those who take a more academic approach to films. This line of work is more often known as Grease Movie Clothing film theory or film studies. These film critics attempt to come Grease Movie Clothing to understand how film and filming techniques Grease Movie Clothing work, and what effect they have on people. The Movie The Story Of O Rather than having their works Grease Movie Clothing published Grease Movie Clothing in newspapers or appear on Grease Movie Clothing television, their Grease Movie Clothing articles are published Grease Movie Clothing in scholarly journals, or sometimes in Grease Movie Clothing up-market magazines. They also tend to be affiliated with colleges Grease Movie Clothing or universities.
Industry
Main article: Film industry
The Grease Movie Clothing making and showing of motion pictures became a source of profit almost as soon as the process was invented. Upon seeing how successful their new invention, and its product, was Grease Movie Clothing in their native France, the Lumieres quickly set about touring the Continent to exhibit the Grease Movie Clothing first films privately to royalty and publicly to the masses. In each country, they would normally add new, local scenes to their catalogue and, quickly enough, found local entrepreneurs in the various countries of Europe to buy Grease Movie Clothing their equipment Grease Movie Clothing and photograph, export, Grease Movie Clothing import and screen additional product commercially. The Oberammergau Passion Play of 1898[citation needed] Grease Movie Clothing was the first commercial motion picture Grease Movie Clothing ever produced. Other pictures soon followed, and motion pictures became a Grease Movie Clothing separate industry that overshadowed the vaudeville world. Dedicated Grease Movie Clothing theaters and companies formed specifically to produce and Grease Movie Clothing distribute Grease Movie Clothing films, while motion Grease Movie Clothing picture actors became major celebrities and commanded huge fees Grease Movie Clothing for their performances. Already by 1917, Charlie Chaplin had a contract that called for an annual salary of one million dollars.
|
In the United States today, much of the film industry is centered around Hollywood. Other Grease Movie Clothing regional centers exist in many parts of the world, such as Mumbai-centered Bollywood, the Indian film industry's Hindi cinema which produces the largest number of films in the world.[1] Whether the ten thousand-plus feature Grease Movie Clothing length films a year produced by the Valley Grease Movie Clothing pornographic film industry should qualify for Grease Movie Clothing this title is the source of some debate.[citation needed] Though the expense involved in Grease Movie Clothing making movies has led cinema production to concentrate under the auspices of movie studios, recent advances in Grease Movie Clothing affordable film making equipment have allowed Grease Movie Clothing independent film productions to Grease Movie Clothing flourish.
Profit is a key force in the industry, due to the Grease Movie Clothing costly and risky nature Grease Movie Clothing of filmmaking; many Grease Movie Clothing films have large Grease Movie Clothing cost overruns, a notorious example being Kevin Costner's Waterworld. Yet Grease Movie Clothing many filmmakers strive to create works of lasting social significance. The Academy Grease Movie Clothing Awards (also known as "the Oscars") are the most prominent film awards in the United States, Grease Movie Clothing providing recognition each year to films, ostensibly based on their artistic merits.
There is also a large industry for educational and instructional Grease Movie Clothing films Grease Movie Clothing made in lieu of or in addition to lectures and texts.
Preview
A preview performance refers to a showing of a movie to a select audience, usually for Grease Movie Clothing the purposes of corporate promotions, before the public Grease Movie Clothing film Grease Movie Clothing premiere itself. Previews are sometimes used to judge audience reaction, which if unexpectedly negative, may result in recutting Grease Movie Clothing or even refilming certain sections. (cf Audience response.)
Trailer
Main article: Trailer (film)
Trailers or Grease Movie Clothing previews are film advertisements for films that will be exhibited in the future at a cinema, Grease Movie Clothing on Grease Movie Clothing whose screen they are shown. The term "trailer" comes from their having originally Grease Movie Clothing been shown at the Grease Movie Clothing end of a film programme. That practice did not last long, because patrons tended to leave the theater after the films ended, but the name has stuck. Trailers are Grease Movie Clothing now Grease Movie Clothing shown before the film (or the A movie in a double feature program) begins.
The nature of the film Grease Movie Clothing determines the size and type of crew required during filmmaking. Many Hollywood adventure films need computer generated imagery (CGI), created by dozens of 3D modellers, animators, rotoscopers and compositors. However, a low-budget, independent film may be made with a Grease Movie Clothing skeleton crew, often paid very little. Also, an open source film may be produced through open, collaborative processes. Filmmaking Grease Movie Clothing takes place all over the world using different technologies, styles of acting and genre, and is produced in a variety of economic contexts that range Grease Movie Clothing from state-sponsored documentary in China to profit-oriented movie making within Grease Movie Clothing the American studio system.
This production cycle typically takes Grease Movie Clothing three years. The first year is taken up with development. Grease Movie Clothing The second year comprises Grease Movie Clothing preproduction and Grease Movie Clothing production. The third year, post-production and distribution.
Crew
Main article: Film crew
A film crew is a group of people Grease Movie Clothing hired by a film company, employed during the "production" or "photography" phase, for the purpose of producing a film or motion picture. Crew are distinguished from cast, the actors who appear in front of the camera or provide voices for Grease Movie Clothing characters in the film. The crew interacts with but is also distinct from the Grease Movie Clothing production staff, consisting Grease Movie Clothing of producers, managers, company representatives, their assistants, and Grease Movie Clothing those whose primary responsibility falls Grease Movie Clothing in pre-production or post-production phases, such as writers and editors. Communication between production and crew generally Grease Movie Clothing passes through the director and his/her staff of assistants. Grease Movie Clothing Medium-to-large crews are generally divided into departments with well defined hierarchies and standards for interaction Grease Movie Clothing and cooperation between the departments. Other than acting, the crew handles everything in the photography phase: props and costumes, shooting, sound, electrics (i.e., lights), sets, Grease Movie Clothing and production special effects. Caterers (known in the film industry Grease Movie Clothing as "craft Grease Movie Clothing services") are Grease Movie Clothing usually not considered part of the crew.
Technology
Film stock consists of transparent celluloid, acetate, or polyester base coated with an emulsion containing light-sensitive Grease Movie Clothing chemicals. Cellulose nitrate was the first type of film base used Grease Movie Clothing to record motion pictures, but due to its flammability was eventually replaced by safer materials. Grease Movie Clothing Stock widths and the Grease Movie Clothing film format for images on the reel have had a rich history, though most large commercial films are still shot on (and distributed Grease Movie Clothing to theaters) as 35 mm prints.
Originally moving picture film was shot and projected at various Grease Movie Clothing speeds using hand-cranked cameras and projectors; though 1000 frames per minute (16? frame/s) is generally Grease Movie Clothing cited as a standard silent speed, research indicates most films were shot between 16 frame/s and 23 frame/s Grease Movie Clothing and Grease Movie Clothing projected from 18 frame/s on up (often Grease Movie Clothing reels included instructions on how fast each scene Grease Movie Clothing should be shown) [1]. When sound film Grease Movie Clothing was introduced in the late 1920s, a constant speed was required for the sound head. 24 frames per second was chosen because it was the slowest (and thus cheapest) speed which allowed for sufficient sound quality. Improvements since the late 19th century Grease Movie Clothing include the mechanization Grease Movie Clothing of cameras � allowing them to record at a consistent speed, quiet camera design � allowing sound recorded on-set to be usable without requiring large Grease Movie Clothing "blimps" to encase the camera, the invention of more sophisticated filmstocks and lenses, allowing directors to film in increasingly dim conditions, and the development of synchronized sound, allowing sound to be Grease Movie Clothing recorded Grease Movie Clothing at exactly the same speed as its corresponding action. The soundtrack can be recorded separately from shooting Projector Map Movie In 3d Max the film, but Grease Movie Clothing for live-action pictures many parts Grease Movie Clothing of the soundtrack are Grease Movie Clothing usually recorded simultaneously.
As a medium, film is not limited to motion pictures, since the technology Grease Movie Clothing developed as the basis for Grease Movie Clothing photography. It Grease Movie Clothing can Grease Movie Clothing be Grease Movie Clothing used to present Grease Movie Clothing a Grease Movie Clothing progressive sequence of Grease Movie Clothing still images in the form of Grease Movie Clothing a slideshow. Film has also been incorporated into multimedia presentations, and often has importance as primary historical documentation. However, historic films Grease Movie Clothing have problems in terms of preservation and storage, and the motion picture industry is exploring many alternatives. Most movies on cellulose nitrate base have been copied onto modern safety films. Some studios save color films through the use of separation masters � three B&W negatives each exposed through red, green, or blue filters (essentially a reverse of the Technicolor process). Digital methods Grease Movie Clothing have also been used to restore Grease Movie Clothing films, although their continued obsolescence cycle makes them (as of 2006) a poor choice for long-term preservation. Grease Movie Clothing Film preservation of decaying film stock is a matter of concern to both film historians and archivists, and to companies interested in preserving their Grease Movie Clothing existing products in order to Grease Movie Clothing make them available to future generations (and thereby increase revenue). Grease Movie Clothing Preservation is generally a higher-concern for nitrate and Grease Movie Clothing single-strip color films, due to Movie Bumper Stickers their high decay rates; black and white films on safety bases and color films preserved on Technicolor imbibition prints tend to keep up much better, assuming proper handling and storage.
Some films in recent decades have been recorded using analog video technology similar Even Stevens The Movie to that used in television production. Modern digital video cameras and digital projectors are gaining ground as well. These approaches are extremely beneficial to moviemakers, especially because Grease Movie Clothing footage can be evaluated Grease Movie Clothing and edited Grease Movie Clothing without waiting for Grease Movie Clothing the film stock to be processed. Yet the migration is gradual, and as Grease Movie Clothing of 2005 most major Grease Movie Clothing motion pictures are still recorded on Grease Movie Clothing film.
Independent
Main article: Independent film
The Lumiere Brothers
Independent filmmaking often takes place outside of Hollywood, or other major studio systems. An independent film (or Grease Movie Clothing indie film) is Grease Movie Clothing a film initially produced Grease Movie Clothing without financing or distribution from a major movie studio. Creative, business, and technological reasons have all contributed to the growth of Grease Movie Clothing the indie film scene in the late 20th and early 21st century.
On the business side, the costs of big-budget studio Grease Movie Clothing films also leads to conservative Grease Movie Clothing choices in cast and crew. There is a trend in Hollywood towards co-financing (over two-thirds of the films put out by Warner Bros. in Grease Movie Clothing 2000 were joint ventures, up from Grease Movie Clothing 10% in 1987).[2] A hopeful director is Grease Movie Clothing almost never given the opportunity to Grease Movie Clothing get a job on a big-budget studio film unless he or she has significant industry Grease Movie Clothing experience in film or television. Grease Movie Clothing Also, Grease Movie Clothing the studios rarely produce films with Grease Movie Clothing unknown Grease Movie Clothing actors, particularly in Grease Movie Clothing lead roles.
Before the advent of digital alternatives, the Grease Movie Clothing cost of Grease Movie Clothing professional film equipment and stock was also a hurdle to being able to produce, direct, or star in a traditional studio film. The cost of Grease Movie Clothing 35 mm film is outpacing inflation: in 2002 alone, film negative costs were up 23%, according to Variety.[2].
But the advent of consumer camcorders in 1985, and more importantly, the arrival of high-resolution digital video in the early 1990s, have lowered the technology barrier to movie production significantly. Both production and Grease Movie Clothing post-production Grease Movie Clothing costs have been significantly lowered; today, the hardware and software for post-production can be installed in a commodity-based personal computer. Technologies such as DVDs, FireWire connections and non-linear Grease Movie Clothing editing system pro-level Grease Movie Clothing software like Adobe Premiere Pro, Sony Vegas and Apple's Final Cut Pro, and consumer level software Grease Movie Clothing such as Apple's Final Cut Express Grease Movie Clothing and iMovie make movie-making relatively inexpensive.
|
Since the introduction of DV technology, the means of production have become more democratized. Filmmakers can conceivably shoot and edit a movie, create and edit the sound Grease Movie Clothing and music, and mix the final cut on a home computer. However, while the means of production may be democratized, financing, distribution, and marketing remain difficult to accomplish Grease Movie Clothing outside the traditional system. Most independent filmmakers rely on film festivals to get their films noticed and sold for distribution. The arrival of internet-based Grease Movie Clothing video outlets such as YouTube and Veoh has further changed the film making landscape in ways that are still to be Grease Movie Clothing determined.
Open content film
Main article: Open content Grease Movie Clothing film
An open content film is much like an independent Grease Movie Clothing film, but it is produced through open collaborations; its source material is available under a Grease Movie Clothing license which is permissive Grease Movie Clothing enough to Grease Movie Clothing allow other parties to Grease Movie Clothing create fan fiction or derivative works, than a traditional copyright. Like independent filmmaking, open source filmmaking takes place outside of Hollywood, or other major studio systems.
Fan film
Main article: Fan Grease Movie Clothing film
A fan film is a film or video inspired by a film, television program, comic book or a similar source, created by Grease Movie Clothing fans rather than by the source's copyright holders or creators. Fan filmmakers have Grease Movie Clothing traditionally been amateurs, but some of the more notable films Grease Movie Clothing have actually been produced by professional filmmakers as film school class projects Grease Movie Clothing or as demonstration reels. Fan films vary tremendously in length, from short faux-teaser trailers for non-existent motion pictures to rarer full-length motion pictures
Animation is the technique in Grease Movie Clothing which each frame of a film is Grease Movie Clothing produced individually, Grease Movie Clothing whether Grease Movie Clothing generated as a Grease Movie Clothing computer Grease Movie Clothing graphic, or by Grease Movie Clothing photographing a drawn image, or by repeatedly making small Grease Movie Clothing changes to a model unit Grease Movie Clothing (see claymation and stop motion), and then photographing the result with a special animation camera. When the frames are Grease Movie Clothing strung together and the resulting film is viewed at a speed of 16 Grease Movie Clothing or more frames per second, there is an illusion of continuous movement (due to the persistence of vision). Generating such a Grease Movie Clothing film is very labour intensive and Grease Movie Clothing tedious, though the development of computer animation has greatly sped up the process.
File Grease Movie Clothing formats like GIF, QuickTime, Shockwave and Flash allow Grease Movie Clothing animation to be viewed on a computer or over the Internet.
Because animation is very time-consuming and often very expensive to produce, the majority of animation for TV and movies comes Grease Movie Clothing from Grease Movie Clothing professional animation studios. However, the field of independent animation has existed at least since the 1950s, with animation being produced by independent Grease Movie Clothing studios (and sometimes by a single person). Several independent animation producers have gone on to Grease Movie Clothing enter the professional animation Grease Movie Clothing industry.
Limited animation is a way Grease Movie Clothing of increasing production and Grease Movie Clothing decreasing costs of animation by using "short cuts" in the animation Grease Movie Clothing process. This method was Grease Movie Clothing pioneered Grease Movie Clothing by UPA Grease Movie Clothing and popularized by Hanna-Barbera, and adapted by other studios as cartoons moved from movie theaters to Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures television.[3]
Although most animation studios are now using digital technologies Grease Movie Clothing in Grease Movie Clothing their productions, Grease Movie Clothing there is Grease Movie Clothing a Grease Movie Clothing specific style of animation that depends on film. Cameraless animation, Grease Movie Clothing made famous by moviemakers like Norman McLaren, Len Lye Grease Movie Clothing and Stan Brakhage, is painted and drawn directly onto pieces of film, and then run through a projector.
Venues
When it is initially produced, a feature film is Grease Movie Clothing often shown to audiences in a movie theater or cinema. The first theater designed exclusively for cinema opened in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in 1905.[4] Thousands of such theaters Grease Movie Clothing were built or converted from existing facilities Grease Movie Clothing within a few years.[5] In the United States, these theaters came Grease Movie Clothing to be known as nickelodeons, because admission typically cost a nickel (five cents).
Typically, one film Grease Movie Clothing is Grease Movie Clothing the featured presentation (or feature film). Before the 1970s, there were "double features"; typically, a high quality "A picture" rented by an independent theater for a lump sum, and a "B picture" of lower quality rented for a percentage of the gross receipts. Today, the bulk of the material shown before the feature film consists of previews for upcoming movies and paid advertisements (also Grease Movie Clothing known as trailers or "The Twenty").
Historically, all mass marketed feature films were made to be shown in Grease Movie Clothing movie Grease Movie Clothing theaters. The development of television has allowed films to be broadcast to Grease Movie Clothing larger audiences, usually after the film is no longer being shown in theaters. Recording technology has also enabled consumers to rent or buy copies of films on VHS or DVD (and the older formats of Grease Movie Clothing laserdisc, VCD Grease Movie Clothing and SelectaVision � see also videodisc), and Internet downloads may be available and have started to become revenue sources for the film companies. Some films are now Grease Movie Clothing made specifically Grease Movie Clothing for these other venues, being Grease Movie Clothing released as made-for-TV movies Grease Movie Clothing or direct-to-video movies. The production values on Grease Movie Clothing these films are often considered to be of inferior quality compared to theatrical releases in similar genres, and indeed, some films that are rejected by their own studios Grease Movie Clothing upon completion are distributed through these markets.
The Grease Movie Clothing movie theater pays an average of about 50-55% of its ticket sales Grease Movie Clothing to the movie studio, as film rental fees.[6] The actual percentage starts with a number higher than Grease Movie Clothing that, and decreases Grease Movie Clothing as the duration of a film's showing continues, as an incentive to theaters to keep Grease Movie Clothing movies in Grease Movie Clothing the theater longer. However, today's barrage of highly marketed movies ensures that most movies are shown in first-run theaters for less than 8 weeks. There are a few movies every year that defy this rule, often limited-release movies that start in only a few theaters and actually grow their theater Grease Movie Clothing count through good word-of-mouth and Grease Movie Clothing reviews. Grease Movie Clothing According to a 2000 study by ABN AMRO, about 26% of Hollywood movie studios' worldwide income came from box office ticket Grease Movie Clothing sales; 46% came from VHS Grease Movie Clothing and DVD sales to consumers; and 28% came from television (broadcast, cable, and pay-per-view).[6]
Future Grease Movie Clothing state
While motion picture films have been around for more than a century, film is still a relative newcomer in Grease Movie Clothing the pantheon of fine arts. In the 1950s, Grease Movie Clothing when Grease Movie Clothing television became widely available, industry analysts predicted the demise of local movie theaters. Despite competition from television's increasing technological sophistication over the 1960s and 1970s, such Grease Movie Clothing as the development of color television and large screens, motion picture cinemas continued. In the 1980s, when the widespread availability of inexpensive videocassette recorders enabled people to select films for home viewing, industry analysts again wrongly predicted the death of the local cinemas.
In the 1990s and 2000s the development of digital DVD players, home theater Grease Movie Clothing amplification systems with surround sound and subwoofers, and large LCD or plasma screens enabled Grease Movie Clothing people Grease Movie Clothing to select and view films at Grease Movie Clothing home with Grease Movie Clothing greatly improved audio and visual reproduction. These new technologies provided audio and visual that in the past only Grease Movie Clothing local cinemas had Grease Movie Clothing been able to provide: a large, clear widescreen presentation of a film with Grease Movie Clothing a full-range, high-quality multi-speaker sound system. Once again industry analysts Grease Movie Clothing predicted the demise of the local cinema. Local cinemas Grease Movie Clothing will be changing in the 2000s and moving towards digital screens, a new approach which will allow for easier and quicker distribution of films (via satellite or hard disks), a development which may Grease Movie Clothing give local theaters a reprieve from their predicted demise.
The cinema now Grease Movie Clothing faces a new challenge Grease Movie Clothing from home video by the likes of Grease Movie Clothing a new DVD format Blu-ray, which can Grease Movie Clothing provide full HD 1080p video playback at near cinema quality. Video formats are gradually catching up Grease Movie Clothing with Grease Movie Clothing the resolutions Grease Movie Clothing and quality that film offers, 1080p in Blu-ray offers a pixel resolution of 1920?1080 a leap from the DVD offering of Grease Movie Clothing 720?480 and the paltry 330?480 offered by the first home video standard VHS. The Grease Movie Clothing maximum resolutions Grease Movie Clothing that film currently offers are 2485?2970 Grease Movie Clothing or 1420?3390, UHD, a future digital video format, will offer a massive resolution of 7680?4320, Grease Movie Clothing surpassing all current film resolutions. The only viable competitor to these new Grease Movie Clothing innovations is IMAX which can play film content at an extreme 10000?7000 resolution.
Despite the rise of all Grease Movie Clothing new technologies, the development of the home video Grease Movie Clothing market and a surge of online piracy, 2007 was Grease Movie Clothing a record year in film that showed the highest ever box-office grosses. Many expected film Grease Movie Clothing to suffer as a result of the effects listed above but it has flourished, strengthening Grease Movie Clothing film studio expectations for the Grease Movie Clothing future. |
