Film is a term that encompasses individual motion pictures, the field of film as an art form, and Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures the motion picture industry. Films are produced by recording images from the world with cameras, or by creating images using animation Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures techniques or special effects.
Films Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures are cultural artifacts created by specific cultures, which reflect those cultures, and, in turn, affect them. Film is considered to Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures be an important art form, a source of popular entertainment and a powerful method for educating � or indoctrinating � citizens. The visual elements of Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures cinema gives motion pictures a universal power of communication. Some films Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures have become popular worldwide attractions by using dubbing or subtitles that translate the dialogue.
Traditional films are made up Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures of a series of individual images called frames. When these images are shown rapidly in succession, a viewer has the illusion that motion is occurring. The viewer cannot see the flickering between Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures frames due Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures to an effect known as persistence Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures of vision, whereby the eye retains a
The origin of the name "film" comes from the fact that photographic film (also called film stock) had historically been the Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures primary medium for recording and displaying motion pictures. Many other terms exist for Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures an individual motion picture, including picture, picture show, photo-play, flick, and most commonly, movie. Additional terms for Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures the field in Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures general include the big screen, the silver screen, the cinema, and the movies.In the 1860s, mechanisms for producing Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures Pirates X Movie Clips artificially created, Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures two-dimensional images in motion were demonstrated Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures with devices such as the zoetrope and the praxinoscope. These Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures machines were outgrowths of simple optical devices (such as magic Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures lanterns) and would Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures display sequences of still pictures at sufficient speed for the images on the pictures to appear to be Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures moving, a phenomenon called persistence of vision. Naturally, the images needed to Movie Loops For Your Videos be carefully designed to achieve the desired effect � and the Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures underlying principle became the basis for the development of film animation.
A frame from Roundhay Garden Scene, Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures the world's earliest film, by Louis Le Prince, 1888
With the development of celluloid film for still photography, it became possible to directly capture objects in motion in real time. Early versions of the technology sometimes required a person to look into a viewing machine to see the pictures which were separate paper prints attached to a drum turned by a handcrank. The pictures were shown at a Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures variable speed of about 5 to 10 pictures Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures per second depending on how rapidly the crank was turned. Some of these machines were coin operated. By the 1880s, the development of the motion picture camera allowed the individual component images to be captured and stored on a single reel, and led quickly Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures to the development of a motion picture projector to shine light through the processed and printed film and Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures magnify these "moving picture shows" onto a screen for an entire audience. These reels, so Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures exhibited, came to be known as "motion pictures". Early motion pictures were static shots that showed an event or action with no Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures editing or other cinematic techniques.
Ignoring Dickson's early sound experiments (1894), commercial Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures motion pictures were purely visual art through Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures the late 19th century, but these innovative silent films had gained a hold on the public imagination. Around the turn of the twentieth century, films began developing a narrative structure by stringing Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures scenes together to tell narratives. The scenes were later broken up into multiple shots of varying sizes and angles. Other techniques such as Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures camera movement were realized Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures as effective ways to portray Movie Poster The Savage a story on Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures film. Rather than leave the audience in silence, theater owners would hire a pianist or organist Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures or a full orchestra to play music fitting the mood Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures of the film at any given Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures moment. By the early 1920s, most films came with a prepared list of sheet music for this purpose, with complete film scores being composed for major productions.
A shot from Georges Melies Le Voyage dans la Lune (A Trip to the Moon) (1902), an early narrative film.
The rise of European cinema was interrupted by the Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures breakout of World War I while the film industry in United States flourished with the rise of Hollywood. However in the 1920s, European filmmakers such as Sergei Eisenstein, F. W. Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures Murnau, and Fritz Lang, along with American innovator D. W. Griffith and the contributions of Charles Chaplin, Buster Keaton and others, continued to advance the medium. In Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures the 1920s, new technology allowed filmmakers to attach to each film a Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures soundtrack of speech, music and sound effects synchronized with the action on the screen. These sound films were initially distinguished by calling them "talking pictures", or talkies.
The next major step in the development of cinema was Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures the Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures introduction of so-called "natural" color. While the addition of sound Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures quickly eclipsed Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures silent film and theater musicians, color was adopted Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures more gradually as methods evolved making it more practical and cost effective to produce Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures "natural color" films. The public was relatively indifferent to color photography as opposed to black-and-white,[citation needed] but Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures as color processes improved and became as affordable Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures as black-and-white film, more and more movies were filmed in color after the end Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures of World Thebigguy Movie Cam Releases War II, as the industry in Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures America came to view color as essential to attracting audiences in its competition with Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures television, which remained a black-and-white medium until the mid-1960s. By the end of the 1960s, col
Since the decline of the studio system in the 1960s, the succeeding decades saw Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures changes Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures in the Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures production and style of Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures film. New Hollywood, French New Wave and the rise of Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures film Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures school educated independent filmmakers were all part of the changes the medium experienced in the Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures latter half of the 20th century. Digital technology has been the driving force in change throughout the 1990s and into the 21st century.
Theory
Main article: Film theory
Film theory Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures seeks to develop concise and Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures systematic concepts that apply Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures to the study of film as art. It was Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures started by Ricciotto Canudo's The Birth of the Sixth Art. Formalist film theory, led by Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures Rudolf Arnheim, Bela Balazs, and Siegfried Kracauer, emphasized how film differed from reality, and thus could Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures be considered a valid fine art. Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures Andre Bazin reacted against this theory by arguing Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures that film's artistic essence Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures lay in its ability to mechanically reproduce Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures reality not Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures in Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures its differences from Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures reality, and Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures this gave rise to realist theory. More Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures recent analysis spurred by Lacan's psychoanalysis and Ferdinand Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures de Saussure's semiotics among other things has given rise Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures to psychoanalytical film theory, structuralist film theory, feminist film theory and others.
Criticism
Main article: Film criticism
Film criticism is the Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures analysis and evaluation of films. In general, Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures these works can be divided Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures into two categories: academic Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures criticism by film scholars and Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures journalistic film criticism that appears regularly in Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures newspapers and other Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures media.
Film Western Town Movie Set Designer critics Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures working for newspapers, magazines, Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures and broadcast media mainly review new releases. Normally they only see any given film once and have only a day or two to Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures formulate opinions. Despite this, critics have an important impact on films, especially those of certain genres. Mass marketed action, horror, and comedy Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures films tend not to be greatly affected by a critic's overall judgment of a film. The plot summary and description of a film that makes up the majority of any film review can still have an Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures important Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures impact on whether people decide to see a film. For prestige films such as most dramas, the influence of reviews is extremely important. Poor reviews will often doom Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures a film to Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures obscurity and financial Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures loss.
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The impact of a reviewer on a given film's box office performance is a matter of debate. Some claim that movie marketing is now so intense and well financed that reviewers cannot make Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures an impact against it. However, the cataclysmic failure of some heavily-promoted Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures movies which were harshly Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures reviewed, as Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures well as the unexpected success of critically Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures praised independent movies indicates that extreme critical reactions can have considerable influence. Others note Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures that positive film reviews have been shown to spark interest in little-known films. Conversely, there have been several films in Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures which film companies have so little confidence that they refuse to give reviewers an advanced viewing to avoid widespread panning of the film. However, Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures this usually backfires as reviewers are wise to the tactic Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures and warn the public that the film may not be worth seeing and the films often do poorly as a result.
It is Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures argued Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures that journalist film critics should only be known as film reviewers, and true film critics Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures are those who take a more academic approach Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures to films. This line of work is Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures more often known as film theory or film studies. These film critics attempt to come to understand how film and filming techniques work, and what effect they have on Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures people. Rather than having their Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures works published in newspapers or appear on Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures television, their articles are published in scholarly journals, or sometimes Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures in up-market magazines. They also tend to Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures be affiliated with colleges or universities.
Industry
Main article: Film industry
The making and showing of motion pictures became a source of profit almost as soon as the process was invented. Upon seeing how successful their new invention, and Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures its product, was Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures in their native France, the Lumieres quickly set about touring the Continent to exhibit the first films privately to royalty and publicly to the masses. In each country, they would normally add new, local scenes to their catalogue and, quickly enough, found local entrepreneurs in the various countries of Europe Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures to Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures buy their equipment and photograph, export, import and screen additional product Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures commercially. The Oberammergau Passion Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures Play of 1898[citation needed] was Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures the Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures first commercial Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures motion picture ever produced. Other pictures soon followed, and motion pictures became a Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures separate industry Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures that overshadowed the vaudeville world. Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures Dedicated theaters and Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures companies formed specifically to produce and distribute films, while motion picture actors Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures became major celebrities and commanded huge fees for their performances. Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures Already by 1917, Charlie Chaplin had a contract that called Willow Movie Sword for an annual Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures salary of Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures one million dollars.
In the United States today, much of the film industry is centered around Hollywood. Other regional centers exist in many parts of Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures the world, such as Mumbai-centered Bollywood, Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures the Indian film industry's Hindi cinema which produces the largest number of films in the world.[1] Whether the ten thousand-plus feature length films a year produced by the Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures Valley pornographic film industry should qualify for this title is the source of some Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures debate.[citation needed] Though the expense involved in making movies has led cinema production to Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures concentrate under the auspices of movie studios, recent advances in affordable film making equipment have Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures allowed independent film productions to flourish.
Profit is a key force in Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures the industry, due to the costly and risky Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures nature of filmmaking; many films have large cost overruns, a notorious example being Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures Kevin Costner's Waterworld. Yet many filmmakers strive to create works Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures of lasting social significance. The Academy Awards (also known as "the Oscars") are the most prominent film awards in the United States, providing recognition each year to films, ostensibly based on their artistic merits.
There is also a Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures large industry for educational and instructional films made in lieu of or Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures in Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures addition to Transatlantic Movie lectures and texts.
Preview
A preview performance refers to a showing of a movie to a select audience, usually for the purposes of corporate promotions, before the public film premiere itself. Previews are Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures sometimes used to judge audience reaction, which if unexpectedly negative, may result in recutting or even refilming certain sections. (cf Audience response.)
Trailer
Main article: Trailer (film)
Trailers or previews are Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures film advertisements for films Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures that will be exhibited in the future at a cinema, on whose screen they are shown. The term "trailer" comes from their having originally been shown at the end of a film programme. Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures That practice did not last long, because patrons tended to leave the theater after the films ended, but Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures the name has stuck. Trailers are now shown before the film (or the A Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures movie Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures in a double feature program) begins.
The nature of the film determines the size and type Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures of crew required during filmmaking. Many Hollywood adventure films need computer generated imagery (CGI), created by dozens of 3D modellers, animators, rotoscopers Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures and Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures compositors. However, a low-budget, independent Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures film may Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures be Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures made with a skeleton Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures crew, often paid very little. Also, an open source film may be produced through open, collaborative processes. Filmmaking takes place all over the world using different technologies, styles of acting and genre, and is produced in a variety of economic contexts that range from state-sponsored documentary Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures in China to profit-oriented movie making within the American studio system.
This Movie The Rock production cycle typically takes three years. The Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures first year Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures is taken up with development. The Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures second year Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures comprises preproduction Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures and Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures production. The third year, post-production and distribution.
Crew
Main article: Film crew
A film crew is a group Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures of people hired by a film company, employed during the "production" or "photography" phase, for the purpose of producing a film or motion picture. Crew are distinguished from cast, the actors who appear in front of the camera or provide voices for characters in the film. The crew interacts with but is also Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures distinct from the production staff, consisting of producers, managers, Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures company representatives, their assistants, and those whose primary responsibility falls in pre-production or post-production phases, Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures such as writers and editors. Communication between production and crew generally passes through the director and his/her staff of assistants. Medium-to-large crews are Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures generally divided into departments with well defined hierarchies and standards for interaction and cooperation between the departments. Other Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures than acting, the crew handles everything in Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures the photography phase: props and costumes, shooting, Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures sound, electrics (i.e., lights), sets, and production special effects. Caterers (known in the film industry as "craft services") are usually Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures not considered part of Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures the crew.
Technology
Film stock consists of transparent celluloid, acetate, or polyester base coated with an emulsion containing Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures light-sensitive chemicals. Cellulose nitrate was the first type Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures of film base used to record motion pictures, but due to its flammability was eventually replaced by safer materials. Stock widths and the film format Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures for images on the reel have had a rich Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures history, though most large commercial films are still Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures shot on (and Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures distributed to theaters) as Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures 35 mm prints.
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Originally moving picture film was shot and projected at Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures various Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures speeds using hand-cranked cameras and projectors; though 1000 frames per minute Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures (16? frame/s) is Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures generally cited as a standard silent speed, research indicates most films were shot between 16 frame/s and 23 frame/s and projected from 18 frame/s on Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures up (often Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures reels Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures included instructions on Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures how fast each scene should be Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures shown) [1]. Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures When sound film was introduced in the late 1920s, Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures a constant speed was required for the sound head. 24 frames per second was chosen because it was the Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures slowest (and thus Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures cheapest) speed which allowed for sufficient sound quality. Improvements since the late 19th century include the Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures mechanization Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures of cameras � allowing them to record at a consistent speed, quiet camera design � allowing sound recorded on-set to Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures be usable without requiring large "blimps" to encase the camera, the invention of more sophisticated filmstocks and lenses, allowing Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures directors to film in increasingly dim conditions, Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures and Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures the development of synchronized sound, allowing sound Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures to be recorded at exactly the same speed as its corresponding action. The soundtrack can be recorded separately from shooting the Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures film, but for live-action pictures many parts of the soundtrack are usually recorded simultaneously.
As a medium, film Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures is not limited to Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures motion pictures, since the technology developed as the basis for photography. It can be used to present a Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures progressive sequence of still images in the form of a slideshow. Film has also been incorporated Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures into multimedia presentations, and often has importance as primary historical Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures documentation. However, historic films have problems in terms of preservation Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures and storage, and the motion Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures picture industry is exploring many alternatives. Quiz About The Movie Shrek Most movies on Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures cellulose nitrate base have been copied onto modern safety films. Some studios save color films through the use of separation masters � three B&W negatives each exposed through red, green, or blue Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures filters (essentially a reverse of Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures the Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures Technicolor process). Digital methods have also been used to restore Wav Movie Sound Bites films, although their continued obsolescence cycle makes them Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures (as of 2006) a poor choice for long-term preservation. Film Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures preservation of decaying Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures film stock is a matter of concern to both film historians and archivists, and to companies interested in preserving their existing Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures products in order to make them available to future generations (and thereby Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures increase revenue). Preservation is generally Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures a higher-concern for nitrate and single-strip color films, Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures due to their high decay rates; black and white films on Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures safety bases and color films preserved on Technicolor imbibition prints tend to keep up much better, assuming proper handling and storage.
Some films in recent decades have been recorded using analog video Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures technology similar to that used in television Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures production. Modern digital video cameras and digital projectors Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures are gaining ground as well. These San Francisco Ca Movie Star Sighting approaches are extremely beneficial to moviemakers, especially because footage can be evaluated and edited without waiting for the film stock to be processed. Yet the migration is gradual, and as of 2005 most major motion pictures are still recorded on film.
Independent
Main article: Independent film
The Lumiere Brothers
Independent filmmaking often takes place outside of Hollywood, or other major studio systems. An independent film Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures (or indie film) is a film initially produced without financing Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures or distribution from a major movie studio. Creative, business, and Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures technological reasons have all contributed to the growth of the indie film scene in the late 20th and Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures early 21st century.
On the business side, the costs of Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures big-budget studio films also leads to conservative choices Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures in cast and crew. There is a The Movie The Story Of O trend Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures in Hollywood towards co-financing (over two-thirds of the films Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures put out by Warner Bros. in 2000 were joint ventures, up from 10% in 1987).[2] A hopeful director is almost never given the opportunity to get a job on a big-budget studio film unless he or she has Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures significant industry experience in film or television. Also, the studios rarely produce films with unknown Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures actors, particularly Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures in lead roles.
Before the advent of digital alternatives, the cost of professional film equipment and stock was also a hurdle to being able to produce, direct, or star in a traditional studio film. The cost of 35 mm film is outpacing inflation: in 2002 alone, film negative costs were up 23%, according to Variety.[2].
But the advent of consumer camcorders in 1985, and more importantly, the arrival of high-resolution digital video in the early 1990s, have lowered the technology Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures barrier to movie production significantly. Both production and post-production costs have been significantly Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures lowered; today, the hardware and software Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures for post-production Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures can be installed in a commodity-based personal computer. Technologies such as DVDs, FireWire connections Projector Map Movie In 3d Max and non-linear Movie Bumper Stickers editing system pro-level Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures software like Adobe Premiere Pro, Sony Vegas and Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures Apple's Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures Final Cut Pro, and consumer Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures level software such as Apple's Final Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures Cut Express and iMovie make Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures movie-making relatively inexpensive.
Since the introduction of DV Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures technology, Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures the means of production have become more democratized. Filmmakers can conceivably shoot and edit Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures a movie, create and edit the sound and music, and mix the final cut on a home computer. However, while the means of production may be democratized, financing, distribution, and marketing Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures remain difficult to accomplish outside the traditional system. Most independent filmmakers rely on film festivals to get their films noticed and sold for distribution. The arrival of internet-based video Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures outlets such as YouTube and Veoh has further changed the film making landscape in ways that are still to be determined.
Open Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures content film
Main article: Open content film
An open content film is much like an independent film, Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures but it is produced through open collaborations; its source material Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures is available under a license which is permissive enough to allow other parties to create fan fiction Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures or derivative works, than a Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures traditional copyright. Like independent filmmaking, open Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures source filmmaking takes Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures place outside of Hollywood, or other Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures major studio systems.
Fan film
Main article: Fan film
A fan film is a film or video inspired by a film, television program, comic book or a Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures similar source, created by fans rather than by the source's copyright holders or creators. Fan filmmakers have traditionally been amateurs, but some of the more notable films have actually been produced by professional filmmakers as film school class Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures projects or as demonstration reels. Fan films Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures vary Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures tremendously in length, from short faux-teaser trailers for non-existent motion pictures to rarer full-length motion pictures
Animation is the technique in which each frame of a film is produced individually, whether generated as a Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures computer graphic, or by photographing a drawn image, Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures or by repeatedly making small changes to a Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures model unit (see claymation and stop motion), and Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures then photographing the result with Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures a Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures special animation Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures camera. When Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures the frames Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures are strung together and the resulting Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures film is viewed at a speed of 16 Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures or more frames per second, there is an illusion of continuous movement (due Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures to the persistence of vision). Generating such a film is very labour Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures intensive and Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures tedious, though the Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures development of computer animation has greatly sped up the process.
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File formats like GIF, QuickTime, Shockwave and Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures Flash allow animation to be viewed on a computer or over the Internet.
Because animation Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures is very time-consuming and often very expensive to produce, Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures the majority of animation for TV and movies comes from Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures professional animation studios. However, the field of Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures independent animation has existed at Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures least since Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures the 1950s, with animation being produced by independent studios (and sometimes by a Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures single person). Several independent animation producers have gone on to enter the professional animation industry.
Limited animation is Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures a way of increasing production and decreasing costs of animation by using "short cuts" in the animation process. Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures This Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures method was pioneered by UPA and popularized by Hanna-Barbera, and adapted by Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures other studios as cartoons moved from movie theaters to television.[3]
Although Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures most animation studios are now using digital technologies in their productions, there is a specific style of animation that depends on film. Cameraless animation, made famous Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures by moviemakers like Norman McLaren, Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures Len Lye and Stan Brakhage, is painted and drawn directly onto pieces of film, and then run through a projector.
Venues
When it is initially produced, a feature film is often shown to audiences in a movie theater or cinema. Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures The first theater designed exclusively for cinema opened in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in 1905.[4] Thousands of such theaters were built or converted from existing facilities within a few years.[5] In the United States, these theaters came to be known as nickelodeons, because admission typically cost Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures a nickel (five cents).
Typically, one film is Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures the featured presentation (or feature film). Before the 1970s, there were "double features"; typically, a high quality "A picture" rented by an independent theater for a lump sum, and a "B picture" of Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures lower quality rented for a percentage of the gross receipts. Today, Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures the bulk of the material shown before the feature film consists of previews for upcoming movies and Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures paid advertisements (also Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures known Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures as trailers or "The Twenty").
Historically, all mass marketed feature films were made to be shown in movie Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures theaters. The development of television has allowed films to be broadcast to larger audiences, usually after the film is no longer being shown in theaters. Recording technology has also enabled consumers to rent Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures or buy copies of films Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures on VHS or DVD (and the older formats Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures of laserdisc, VCD and SelectaVision � see also Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures videodisc), and Internet downloads may be available and have started to become Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures revenue sources for the film companies. Some films are now made specifically for these other venues, being released as made-for-TV movies or Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures direct-to-video movies. The Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures production values on these films are often considered to be of inferior Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures quality compared to theatrical releases in similar genres, and indeed, Young Frankenstein Movie Pictures some films that are rejected by |
