Film is a term that encompasses individual motion pictures, the field of film as an art Quiz About The Movie Shrek form, and the Quiz About The Movie Shrek motion picture industry. Films are produced by recording images from the world with cameras, or by creating images using animation techniques or special effects.
Films are cultural Quiz About The Movie Shrek artifacts created by Quiz About The Movie Shrek specific cultures, which reflect those cultures, and, in turn, affect them. Film is considered to be an important Quiz About The Movie Shrek art form, a source of popular entertainment and a powerful method Quiz About The Movie Shrek for educating � or indoctrinating � citizens. The visual elements of cinema gives motion Quiz About The Movie Shrek pictures a universal power of communication. Some films have become popular worldwide attractions by using dubbing or subtitles that translate the dialogue.
Traditional films are made up of a series Quiz About The Movie Shrek of individual images called frames. When these images are shown rapidly in succession, a viewer has the illusion that motion is occurring. The viewer cannot see the flickering between frames due to an effect known as persistence of vision, whereby the eye retains a
The origin of the name "film" comes from the fact Quiz About The Movie Shrek that photographic film (also called film stock) had historically been the primary medium for recording and displaying motion pictures. Many other terms exist for an individual motion picture, including picture, picture show, photo-play, flick, and most commonly, movie. Additional terms for the field in general Quiz About The Movie Shrek include the big screen, the silver screen, the cinema, Quiz About The Movie Shrek and the movies.In the 1860s, Quiz About The Movie Shrek mechanisms for producing artificially created, two-dimensional Quiz About The Movie Shrek images in motion were demonstrated Quiz About The Movie Shrek with devices such as the zoetrope and the praxinoscope. These machines were outgrowths of simple optical devices (such as magic lanterns) and would display sequences of still pictures at sufficient speed for the images on the pictures to appear to be moving, a phenomenon called persistence of Quiz About The Movie Shrek vision. Naturally, the images needed to be carefully designed to achieve Quiz About The Movie Shrek the desired effect � and the underlying principle became the basis Quiz About The Movie Shrek for the development of film animation.
A frame from Roundhay Garden Scene, the world's earliest film, by Louis Le Prince, 1888
With the development of celluloid film for still photography, Quiz About The Movie Shrek it became possible to directly capture objects in motion in real time. Early versions of the technology sometimes required a person to look into a viewing machine Quiz About The Movie Shrek to see the pictures Quiz About The Movie Shrek which were separate paper prints attached Quiz About The Movie Shrek to Quiz About The Movie Shrek a drum turned by a handcrank. Quiz About The Movie Shrek The pictures were shown at a variable speed of about 5 to 10 pictures per second depending on how rapidly the crank was turned. Some of these machines were Quiz About The Movie Shrek coin Quiz About The Movie Shrek operated. By the 1880s, Quiz About The Movie Shrek the development of the motion picture camera allowed the individual component images to be captured and stored on a single reel, Quiz About The Movie Shrek and led Quiz About The Movie Shrek quickly to the development of a motion picture projector to shine light through the processed and printed film and magnify these "moving picture shows" onto a screen for an entire audience. Quiz About The Movie Shrek These reels, so exhibited, Quiz About The Movie Shrek came to be known as "motion pictures". Early motion pictures were static shots that Quiz About The Movie Shrek showed Quiz About The Movie Shrek an event or action with no editing or other cinematic techniques.
Ignoring Dickson's early sound experiments (1894), commercial motion pictures were purely visual art through the late 19th century, but these innovative silent films had gained a hold on the public imagination. Around the turn of Quiz About The Movie Shrek the twentieth century, films began developing a narrative structure by stringing scenes together to tell narratives. The scenes were later broken up into multiple shots of varying sizes and angles. Quiz About The Movie Shrek Other techniques such as camera movement were realized as effective ways to portray a story on film. Quiz About The Movie Shrek Rather than leave the Quiz About The Movie Shrek audience in silence, theater owners would hire a pianist or organist or a full orchestra to play music fitting the mood of Quiz About The Movie Shrek the film at any given moment. By the early 1920s, most films came with a prepared list of sheet Quiz About The Movie Shrek music for this purpose, with complete film scores Quiz About The Movie Shrek being Quiz About The Movie Shrek composed for major productions.
A Quiz About The Movie Shrek shot from Georges Melies Le Voyage Quiz About The Movie Shrek dans la Lune (A Trip to the Moon) (1902), an early narrative film.
The rise of European cinema was interrupted by the Quiz About The Movie Shrek breakout of World War I while the film industry in United States flourished with the rise of Hollywood. However in the 1920s, European filmmakers such as Sergei Eisenstein, F. W. Quiz About The Movie Shrek Murnau, and Fritz Lang, along with American innovator D. W. Griffith and Quiz About The Movie Shrek the Quiz About The Movie Shrek contributions of Charles Chaplin, Buster Keaton and others, continued to advance Quiz About The Movie Shrek the medium. In the 1920s, new technology allowed filmmakers to attach to each film a soundtrack of speech, music and sound effects synchronized with the action on the screen. These sound films were initially distinguished by calling them "talking pictures", or talkies.
The next major step in Movie Poster The Savage the development of cinema was the introduction of so-called "natural" color. While the addition of sound quickly eclipsed silent film and theater musicians, color was adopted more gradually as methods evolved making it more practical and cost effective to produce "natural color" films. The public was relatively indifferent to color photography as opposed to black-and-white,[citation needed] but as color processes Quiz About The Movie Shrek improved and became as affordable as black-and-white film, more and more movies were filmed in color after Quiz About The Movie Shrek the end of World Quiz About The Movie Shrek War II, as the industry in America came to view color Quiz About The Movie Shrek as essential to attracting audiences in its competition with television, which remained a black-and-white medium until the mid-1960s. By Quiz About The Movie Shrek the end of the 1960s, Quiz About The Movie Shrek col
Since the decline of the studio system in the 1960s, the succeeding decades saw Quiz About The Movie Shrek changes in the production and style of Quiz About The Movie Shrek film. New Hollywood, French New Wave and the rise of film school educated independent filmmakers were all part of the changes the medium experienced in Quiz About The Movie Shrek the latter half of the 20th century. Digital technology has been Quiz About The Movie Shrek the driving force in change throughout the 1990s and into the 21st century.
Theory
Main article: Quiz About The Movie Shrek Film theory
Film theory seeks to develop concise and systematic Quiz About The Movie Shrek concepts Quiz About The Movie Shrek that apply Quiz About The Movie Shrek to the study of film Quiz About The Movie Shrek as art. It was started by Ricciotto Canudo's The Birth of the Sixth Art. Formalist film theory, led by Rudolf Arnheim, Bela Balazs, and Siegfried Quiz About The Movie Shrek Kracauer, emphasized how Quiz About The Movie Shrek film differed from Quiz About The Movie Shrek reality, and thus Quiz About The Movie Shrek could be considered a valid fine art. Andre Bazin reacted against this theory by arguing that film's artistic essence lay in its ability to mechanically reproduce reality not in its differences from reality, and this gave rise to realist Quiz About The Movie Shrek theory. More recent analysis spurred by Lacan's psychoanalysis and Ferdinand de Saussure's semiotics among other things has given rise Quiz About The Movie Shrek to psychoanalytical film theory, structuralist film theory, feminist film theory Quiz About The Movie Shrek and others.
Criticism
Main article: Film criticism
Film criticism is the analysis and evaluation of films. In general, these works can be divided into two categories: academic criticism by film Quiz About The Movie Shrek scholars and journalistic film criticism that appears Quiz About The Movie Shrek regularly Quiz About The Movie Shrek in newspapers and other media.
Film critics working for newspapers, magazines, and broadcast media mainly review new releases. Normally they only Quiz About The Movie Shrek see any given film once and have only a day or two to formulate opinions. Despite this, critics have an important impact on films, especially those of certain genres. Mass marketed action, horror, and comedy films tend not to be greatly affected by Quiz About The Movie Shrek a critic's overall judgment of a film. The plot Quiz About The Movie Shrek summary and description of a film that makes up the majority of any film Quiz About The Movie Shrek review can still have an important impact on whether people decide to see a film. For prestige films Quiz About The Movie Shrek such as most Quiz About The Movie Shrek dramas, the influence of reviews is extremely important. Poor Quiz About The Movie Shrek reviews Quiz About The Movie Shrek will often doom a film to obscurity and financial loss.
The impact of a reviewer on Quiz About The Movie Shrek a given film's Quiz About The Movie Shrek box office performance Quiz About The Movie Shrek is a matter of debate. Some claim that movie Quiz About The Movie Shrek marketing is now so intense and well Quiz About The Movie Shrek financed that reviewers cannot Quiz About The Movie Shrek make an impact against it. However, Quiz About The Movie Shrek the cataclysmic failure of some heavily-promoted movies which were harshly reviewed, as well as the unexpected success of critically praised independent movies indicates that extreme Quiz About The Movie Shrek critical reactions can have considerable influence. Others note that Quiz About The Movie Shrek positive film reviews have been shown to spark interest in Quiz About The Movie Shrek little-known films. Conversely, there Quiz About The Movie Shrek have been several films in which Quiz About The Movie Shrek film companies have so Quiz About The Movie Shrek little confidence that they refuse Quiz About The Movie Shrek to give reviewers an advanced viewing to avoid widespread panning of the film. However, this usually backfires as reviewers are wise to the tactic and warn the public that the film may not be worth seeing and Quiz About The Movie Shrek the films often do poorly as a result.
It is argued that journalist film critics should only be known as film reviewers, and true film critics are those who take a more academic approach to films. Quiz About The Movie Shrek This line of work is more often known as film theory or film studies. These film critics attempt to come to understand how film and filming techniques work, and what effect they have on people. Rather than having Quiz About The Movie Shrek their works published in newspapers or appear on television, their articles are published in scholarly journals, or sometimes Quiz About The Movie Shrek in up-market magazines. They also tend to be affiliated with colleges or universities.
Industry
Main article: Film industry
The making and showing of motion pictures became a source of profit almost as soon as Quiz About The Movie Shrek the process was invented. Upon seeing how successful their new invention, and Quiz About The Movie Shrek its product, was in their native France, the Lumieres quickly Quiz About The Movie Shrek set about touring the Continent to exhibit the first films privately to royalty and publicly Quiz About The Movie Shrek to the masses. In each country, they would normally add new, local scenes to their catalogue and, quickly enough, found local entrepreneurs in the various countries of Europe to buy their equipment Quiz About The Movie Shrek and photograph, export, import and screen additional Thebigguy Movie Cam Releases product commercially. The Oberammergau Quiz About The Movie Shrek Passion Play of 1898[citation needed] Quiz About The Movie Shrek was the first commercial motion Quiz About The Movie Shrek picture Quiz About The Movie Shrek ever produced. Quiz About The Movie Shrek Other pictures soon followed, and motion pictures became a separate Quiz About The Movie Shrek industry that Quiz About The Movie Shrek overshadowed the vaudeville world. Dedicated theaters and companies formed specifically to produce and distribute films, Quiz About The Movie Shrek while motion picture actors became major celebrities and commanded huge fees for their performances. Already Quiz About The Movie Shrek by Quiz About The Movie Shrek 1917, Quiz About The Movie Shrek Charlie Chaplin had a contract that called for an annual salary of one million dollars.
In the United States today, much of the film Quiz About The Movie Shrek industry is centered around Hollywood. Other regional centers exist in many parts of the world, such as Mumbai-centered Bollywood, the Indian film industry's Quiz About The Movie Shrek Hindi cinema which produces the largest number of films in the world.[1] Quiz About The Movie Shrek Whether Quiz About The Movie Shrek the Quiz About The Movie Shrek ten thousand-plus feature length films a year produced by the Valley pornographic film industry should qualify for this title is the source of some debate.[citation needed] Though the Quiz About The Movie Shrek expense involved in Quiz About The Movie Shrek making movies has led cinema production to concentrate under the auspices of movie studios, recent advances in affordable film making equipment have allowed independent film productions to Quiz About The Movie Shrek flourish.
Profit is a key force in the industry, Quiz About The Movie Shrek due to the Quiz About The Movie Shrek costly and risky nature of Quiz About The Movie Shrek filmmaking; Quiz About The Movie Shrek many Quiz About The Movie Shrek films have large cost overruns, a notorious example being Kevin Costner's Waterworld. Yet many filmmakers strive to create works of lasting social significance. Quiz About The Movie Shrek The Academy Awards (also Quiz About The Movie Shrek known as "the Quiz About The Movie Shrek Oscars") are the most prominent film Quiz About The Movie Shrek awards in the United States, providing recognition each year to films, ostensibly based on their artistic merits.
There is also Quiz About The Movie Shrek a large industry for educational and instructional films made Quiz About The Movie Shrek in lieu of or in addition to lectures and texts.
Preview
A Quiz About The Movie Shrek preview performance Quiz About The Movie Shrek refers Quiz About The Movie Shrek to Quiz About The Movie Shrek a showing of a Quiz About The Movie Shrek movie Quiz About The Movie Shrek to a select Quiz About The Movie Shrek audience, usually for the purposes of corporate promotions, before the public Quiz About The Movie Shrek film premiere Quiz About The Movie Shrek itself. Previews are sometimes used to judge audience reaction, which if unexpectedly Quiz About The Movie Shrek negative, may result Quiz About The Movie Shrek in recutting or even refilming certain sections. (cf Audience response.)
Trailer
Main article: Trailer (film)
Trailers or previews are film advertisements for films that will be exhibited in the future at a cinema, Quiz About The Movie Shrek on whose screen they are shown. The term "trailer" comes from their having originally been shown at the end of a film programme. That practice did not last long, because patrons tended to leave the theater after the films Quiz About The Movie Shrek ended, but the name has Quiz About The Movie Shrek stuck. Trailers are Quiz About The Movie Shrek now shown before the film (or the A movie in a double Quiz About The Movie Shrek feature program) begins.
The nature of the film determines the size and type of crew required during filmmaking. Many Hollywood adventure films need computer generated Quiz About The Movie Shrek imagery (CGI), created by dozens of Quiz About The Movie Shrek 3D modellers, animators, rotoscopers and compositors. However, a low-budget, independent film may Quiz About The Movie Shrek be Quiz About The Movie Shrek made with a skeleton Quiz About The Movie Shrek crew, often paid very little. Also, an Quiz About The Movie Shrek open source film may be Quiz About The Movie Shrek produced through open, collaborative processes. Filmmaking takes place all over the world using different technologies, styles of acting Quiz About The Movie Shrek and genre, and is produced in a variety of economic contexts that range from state-sponsored documentary in Quiz About The Movie Shrek China to profit-oriented movie making within Quiz About The Movie Shrek the American studio system.
This production cycle typically takes three years. The first year is taken up with development. The second year comprises preproduction and production. The Quiz About The Movie Shrek third year, post-production and distribution.
Crew
Main article: Film crew
A film crew is a group of people hired by a Quiz About The Movie Shrek film company, employed during Quiz About The Movie Shrek the "production" or "photography" phase, for the purpose of producing a film or motion picture. Crew are distinguished from Quiz About The Movie Shrek cast, the actors who appear in front of the camera or provide voices for characters in the film. The crew interacts with Quiz About The Movie Shrek but is also distinct from the Quiz About The Movie Shrek production staff, consisting Quiz About The Movie Shrek of producers, managers, Quiz About The Movie Shrek company representatives, their assistants, and those whose primary responsibility falls in pre-production or post-production phases, such as writers and editors. Communication between Quiz About The Movie Shrek production and crew generally Quiz About The Movie Shrek passes through the director and his/her staff of assistants. Medium-to-large crews are generally divided into departments with Quiz About The Movie Shrek well defined hierarchies and standards for interaction and cooperation between the departments. Other than acting, the crew handles everything in the photography phase: props and costumes, shooting, sound, electrics (i.e., lights), sets, and production special effects. Caterers (known in the film industry as "craft services") Quiz About The Movie Shrek are usually not considered part Quiz About The Movie Shrek of the Quiz About The Movie Shrek crew.
Technology
Film stock consists of transparent celluloid, acetate, or polyester Quiz About The Movie Shrek base coated with an emulsion containing light-sensitive chemicals. Cellulose nitrate was the first type of film base used to Western Town Movie Set Designer record motion pictures, but due to its flammability was eventually replaced by safer materials. Stock widths and the film format for images on the reel have had a rich history, though most large commercial films are still shot on (and distributed to theaters) as 35 mm Quiz About The Movie Shrek prints.
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Originally moving picture film was shot and projected at various speeds using hand-cranked cameras and projectors; though 1000 frames per minute (16? frame/s) is generally cited Quiz About The Movie Shrek as a standard silent speed, research indicates most films Quiz About The Movie Shrek were shot between 16 frame/s and 23 frame/s and projected from 18 frame/s on up (often reels included instructions on how fast each scene should be shown) Quiz About The Movie Shrek [1]. When sound film was introduced in Quiz About The Movie Shrek the late Quiz About The Movie Shrek 1920s, a constant speed was required for the sound head. 24 frames per second was chosen because it Quiz About The Movie Shrek was the slowest (and Quiz About The Movie Shrek thus cheapest) speed which allowed for sufficient sound quality. Improvements since the Willow Movie Sword late 19th century include the mechanization of cameras � allowing them to record at a consistent speed, quiet camera design � allowing sound recorded on-set to be usable without requiring large "blimps" to encase the camera, the invention of more sophisticated Transatlantic Movie filmstocks and lenses, allowing directors to film in increasingly dim conditions, and the Quiz About The Movie Shrek development of synchronized sound, allowing sound to be recorded Quiz About The Movie Shrek at exactly Quiz About The Movie Shrek the same speed as its corresponding action. The soundtrack can be recorded separately from shooting the film, Quiz About The Movie Shrek but Quiz About The Movie Shrek for live-action pictures many parts Quiz About The Movie Shrek of the soundtrack are usually recorded simultaneously.
As Quiz About The Movie Shrek a medium, film is Quiz About The Movie Shrek not limited to motion Quiz About The Movie Shrek pictures, Quiz About The Movie Shrek since Quiz About The Movie Shrek the technology developed as the basis for photography. It can be used to present a progressive sequence of still images in the form of a slideshow. Film has also been incorporated into multimedia presentations, and often Quiz About The Movie Shrek has importance as primary historical documentation. However, Quiz About The Movie Shrek historic films have problems in terms of preservation and storage, and the motion picture industry is exploring many alternatives. Most movies on Quiz About The Movie Shrek cellulose nitrate base have been copied onto modern safety films. Some studios Quiz About The Movie Shrek save color films through Quiz About The Movie Shrek the Quiz About The Movie Shrek use of separation masters � three B&W negatives each exposed through red, green, or blue filters (essentially Quiz About The Movie Shrek a reverse of the Technicolor process). Digital methods have also been used to restore films, although their continued obsolescence cycle makes them (as of 2006) a poor choice for long-term preservation. Film preservation of Quiz About The Movie Shrek decaying film Quiz About The Movie Shrek stock is a matter of concern to both film historians and archivists, and to companies interested in preserving their Quiz About The Movie Shrek existing products in order to make them available to future generations (and thereby increase revenue). Preservation is generally a Quiz About The Movie Shrek higher-concern for Quiz About The Movie Shrek nitrate and single-strip color films, due to Quiz About The Movie Shrek their high decay Quiz About The Movie Shrek rates; Quiz About The Movie Shrek black and white films Quiz About The Movie Shrek on safety bases and color films preserved on Technicolor imbibition prints tend to keep up Quiz About The Movie Shrek much better, assuming proper handling and storage.
Some films in recent decades have been recorded using Quiz About The Movie Shrek analog video technology similar to that used in television Quiz About The Movie Shrek production. Quiz About The Movie Shrek Modern digital video cameras and digital projectors are gaining Quiz About The Movie Shrek ground as Quiz About The Movie Shrek well. Quiz About The Movie Shrek These approaches are extremely beneficial to moviemakers, especially because footage can be Quiz About The Movie Shrek evaluated and edited Quiz About The Movie Shrek without waiting Quiz About The Movie Shrek for Quiz About The Movie Shrek the film stock to be processed. Yet Quiz About The Movie Shrek the migration is gradual, and as of 2005 most major motion Quiz About The Movie Shrek pictures are still recorded Quiz About The Movie Shrek on film.
Independent
Main article: Independent film
The Lumiere Brothers
Independent Quiz About The Movie Shrek filmmaking often takes place outside of Hollywood, or other major studio systems. An independent film (or Quiz About The Movie Shrek indie film) is a film initially produced without financing or distribution from a major movie studio. Creative, business, and technological reasons have all contributed to the growth of the indie film scene in the late Quiz About The Movie Shrek 20th and early 21st Quiz About The Movie Shrek century.
On the business side, the costs Quiz About The Movie Shrek of big-budget Quiz About The Movie Shrek studio films also leads to conservative choices in cast and crew. There is a trend in Hollywood towards co-financing (over two-thirds of the films Quiz About The Movie Shrek put out by Warner Bros. Quiz About The Movie Shrek in 2000 were joint ventures, Quiz About The Movie Shrek up Quiz About The Movie Shrek from 10% in 1987).[2] A hopeful director is almost never given the opportunity to get a job on a big-budget studio film unless he or she has significant industry experience in film or television. Also, the Quiz About The Movie Shrek studios rarely produce films with unknown actors, Quiz About The Movie Shrek particularly in lead roles.
Before the advent of digital alternatives, the cost of professional film equipment and stock was also a hurdle to Quiz About The Movie Shrek being Quiz About The Movie Shrek able to produce, direct, or star in Quiz About The Movie Shrek a traditional studio film. The cost of 35 mm Quiz About The Movie Shrek film Quiz About The Movie Shrek is outpacing inflation: in 2002 alone, Quiz About The Movie Shrek film negative costs were up Quiz About The Movie Shrek 23%, according to Quiz About The Movie Shrek Variety.[2].
But Quiz About The Movie Shrek the advent of consumer camcorders in 1985, and more Quiz About The Movie Shrek importantly, the arrival of high-resolution digital video in the early 1990s, have lowered the technology barrier to movie production significantly. Both production and post-production costs have been significantly lowered; today, the hardware and software Quiz About The Movie Shrek for post-production can be installed in a commodity-based personal Quiz About The Movie Shrek computer. Quiz About The Movie Shrek Technologies such as DVDs, FireWire connections and non-linear editing system pro-level software like Adobe Premiere Pro, Sony Vegas and Apple's Final Cut Pro, and consumer level software such as Quiz About The Movie Shrek Apple's Final Cut Express and iMovie Quiz About The Movie Shrek make movie-making relatively inexpensive.
Since the introduction of DV technology, the means of production have become more Quiz About The Movie Shrek democratized. Filmmakers can conceivably shoot and edit a movie, create and edit Quiz About The Movie Shrek the sound and Quiz About The Movie Shrek music, and mix the final cut on Quiz About The Movie Shrek a home computer. However, while the means of production may be democratized, financing, distribution, and marketing remain difficult to accomplish outside the traditional system. Most independent filmmakers rely on film festivals to get their films noticed and sold for distribution. The arrival of internet-based video outlets such as YouTube and Veoh Quiz About The Movie Shrek has further changed the film making landscape in Quiz About The Movie Shrek ways that are still to be determined.
Open content film
Main article: Open content film
An open content film is much like an independent film, but it is produced through open Quiz About The Movie Shrek collaborations; its source Quiz About The Movie Shrek material is available under a license which is permissive enough to allow other parties to create fan fiction or derivative works, than a traditional copyright. Like independent filmmaking, open source filmmaking takes place outside of Quiz About The Movie Shrek Hollywood, or Quiz About The Movie Shrek other major studio systems.
Fan Quiz About The Movie Shrek film
Main article: Fan film
A fan Quiz About The Movie Shrek film is a film or video inspired by a Quiz About The Movie Shrek film, television program, comic book or a similar source, created by fans rather than by the Quiz About The Movie Shrek source's copyright holders or creators. Fan filmmakers have traditionally been amateurs, but some of the more notable films have actually been produced by professional filmmakers as film school class projects or as demonstration reels. Fan films vary tremendously in length, from short faux-teaser trailers for Quiz About The Movie Shrek non-existent motion pictures to rarer full-length motion pictures
Animation is the technique in which each frame of a film is produced individually, whether generated as a Quiz About The Movie Shrek computer graphic, or by photographing Quiz About The Movie Shrek a drawn image, or by repeatedly making small changes to a model unit (see claymation Quiz About The Movie Shrek and Quiz About The Movie Shrek stop motion), and then photographing the result with a special animation camera. Quiz About The Movie Shrek When the frames are strung together and the resulting film is viewed at a speed of 16 or more frames per second, there is an illusion Quiz About The Movie Shrek of continuous movement (due Quiz About The Movie Shrek to the persistence of vision). Generating such a film is very labour Quiz About The Movie Shrek intensive and tedious, though the development of computer animation has greatly sped up the process.
File formats like GIF, QuickTime, Shockwave and Flash allow animation Quiz About The Movie Shrek to be viewed on a computer or over the Internet.
Because animation is very time-consuming and often very expensive to produce, Quiz About The Movie Shrek the majority of animation for TV and movies comes from professional animation studios. However, the field of independent Quiz About The Movie Shrek animation has Quiz About The Movie Shrek existed at least since the Quiz About The Movie Shrek 1950s, with animation being produced by independent studios (and sometimes by a single person). Several independent animation producers have gone on to Quiz About The Movie Shrek enter the professional animation Quiz About The Movie Shrek industry.
Limited animation is a Quiz About The Movie Shrek way of increasing Quiz About The Movie Shrek production and decreasing Quiz About The Movie Shrek costs of animation by using "short cuts" in the animation process. This Quiz About The Movie Shrek method was pioneered by UPA and popularized by Hanna-Barbera, and adapted by Quiz About The Movie Shrek other studios Quiz About The Movie Shrek as cartoons moved from movie theaters Quiz About The Movie Shrek to television.[3]
Although most animation studios are now using digital technologies in their productions, there is Quiz About The Movie Shrek a specific style of animation that depends on film. Cameraless Quiz About The Movie Shrek animation, Quiz About The Movie Shrek Movie The Rock made famous by moviemakers like Norman McLaren, Len Quiz About The Movie Shrek Lye and Stan Brakhage, is painted Quiz About The Movie Shrek and drawn directly onto pieces of film, and then run through a projector.
Venues
When it is initially produced, a feature film is often shown to audiences in a movie theater or cinema. The first theater designed Quiz About The Movie Shrek exclusively for cinema opened Quiz About The Movie Shrek in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in 1905.[4] Quiz About The Movie Shrek Thousands of such theaters were built or converted from existing facilities within a few years.[5] In the United States, these theaters came to be known as nickelodeons, Quiz About The Movie Shrek because Quiz About The Movie Shrek admission typically cost a nickel (five cents).
Typically, one film is the featured Quiz About The Movie Shrek presentation (or feature film). Before the 1970s, there were Quiz About The Movie Shrek "double features"; typically, a high Quiz About The Movie Shrek quality Quiz About The Movie Shrek "A picture" rented by an independent theater for a lump sum, and a "B picture" of lower quality rented for a percentage of the gross receipts. Today, the bulk of the material shown before the feature Quiz About The Movie Shrek film consists of previews Quiz About The Movie Shrek for upcoming movies and paid advertisements (also known as trailers or "The Quiz About The Movie Shrek Twenty").
Historically, all mass marketed feature films were made to be shown in movie theaters. The development Quiz About The Movie Shrek of television has allowed films to be broadcast to larger audiences, usually after the film is no longer being shown in theaters. Quiz About The Movie Shrek Recording technology has also Quiz About The Movie Shrek enabled consumers Quiz About The Movie Shrek to rent or Quiz About The Movie Shrek buy copies of films on VHS Quiz About The Movie Shrek or DVD (and the older formats of laserdisc, VCD and SelectaVision � see also videodisc), and Internet downloads may be available and have started to become revenue sources Quiz About The Movie Shrek for Quiz About The Movie Shrek the Quiz About The Movie Shrek film companies. Some films are now made specifically for these other venues, being released as made-for-TV movies or direct-to-video movies. The production values on these films are often considered to be of inferior quality Quiz About The Movie Shrek compared to theatrical releases in similar genres, and indeed, some films that are rejected by their own studios upon completion are distributed through these markets.
The Quiz About The Movie Shrek movie theater pays an average of about 50-55% Quiz About The Movie Shrek of its Quiz About The Movie Shrek ticket sales to the movie studio, as film rental fees.[6] The Quiz About The Movie Shrek actual Quiz About The Movie Shrek percentage starts with a Quiz About The Movie Shrek number higher than that, and Quiz About The Movie Shrek decreases as the duration of a film's showing continues, as an incentive to theaters to keep movies in the theater longer. However, today's barrage of highly marketed movies ensures that most movies are shown in first-run theaters for less than 8 weeks. Quiz About The Movie Shrek There are a few movies every year that defy this rule, often limited-release movies that start Quiz About The Movie Shrek in only a few theaters and actually Quiz About The Movie Shrek grow their theater count through good word-of-mouth and reviews. According to a 2000 study by ABN AMRO, Quiz About The Movie Shrek about 26% of Quiz About The Movie Shrek Hollywood movie studios' worldwide income came from box office ticket sales; 46% came from VHS and DVD Quiz About The Movie Shrek sales to consumers; Quiz About The Movie Shrek and 28% came from television Quiz About The Movie Shrek (broadcast, cable, and pay-per-view).[6]
Future state
While motion picture films Quiz About The Movie Shrek have been around for more than a century, film is still a relative Quiz About The Movie Shrek newcomer in the pantheon of fine arts. In the 1950s, when television became widely Quiz About The Movie Shrek available, industry analysts predicted the demise of local movie theaters. Despite competition from Quiz About The Movie Shrek television's increasing Quiz About The Movie Shrek technological sophistication over the 1960s and 1970s, such as the development Quiz About The Movie Shrek of color television and large screens, Quiz About The Movie Shrek motion picture cinemas continued. In the 1980s, when the widespread availability of inexpensive videocassette recorders enabled Quiz About The Movie Shrek people to select films for Quiz About The Movie Shrek home viewing, industry analysts again wrongly predicted the death of the local cinemas.
In the 1990s and 2000s the development of digital DVD players, home Quiz About The Movie Shrek theater amplification systems with surround sound Quiz About The Movie Shrek and subwoofers, and large LCD or plasma screens enabled people to select and view films at home Quiz About The Movie Shrek with greatly improved audio and visual reproduction. These new technologies provided audio and visual that in the past only local cinemas had been Quiz About The Movie Shrek able to provide: a large, clear widescreen presentation of a film with a full-range, high-quality multi-speaker sound system. Once again industry Quiz About The Movie Shrek analysts predicted Quiz About The Movie Shrek the demise of the Quiz About The Movie Shrek local cinema. Local cinemas will be changing in Quiz About The Movie Shrek the 2000s and |
