Film is a term that encompasses individual motion pictures, the field of Sara Movie Brenda film as Sara Movie Brenda an art Sara Movie Brenda form, and Sara Movie Brenda the motion picture Sara Movie Brenda industry. Films are produced by recording images from the world with cameras, or by creating images using animation Sara Movie Brenda techniques or special effects.
Films are cultural artifacts created by Sara Movie Brenda specific cultures, Sara Movie Brenda which reflect those cultures, and, in turn, affect them. Film is considered to be an important Sara Movie Brenda art form, a source of popular entertainment and a powerful method for educating � Sara Movie Brenda or indoctrinating � citizens. The visual elements of cinema gives motion pictures a universal power Sara Movie Brenda of communication. Some films have Sara Movie Brenda become popular worldwide Sara Movie Brenda attractions by using dubbing Sara Movie Brenda or subtitles that translate the dialogue.
Traditional films are made up of a series of Sara Movie Brenda individual images called Sara Movie Brenda frames. When these images are shown rapidly in succession, a viewer has the illusion that motion is occurring. The viewer cannot see the flickering between frames due to an effect known as persistence of vision, whereby the eye Sara Movie Brenda retains a
The origin of the name "film" comes from the fact Sara Movie Brenda that photographic film (also called Sara Movie Brenda film stock) had historically been the Sara Movie Brenda primary Sara Movie Brenda medium Sara Movie Brenda for recording and displaying motion pictures. Many other terms exist Sara Movie Brenda for an individual motion picture, including picture, picture show, photo-play, flick, and most commonly, movie. Additional terms for the field in general include the Sara Movie Brenda big screen, the silver screen, the cinema, and the movies.In the 1860s, mechanisms for producing artificially Sara Movie Brenda created, two-dimensional Sara Movie Brenda images in motion Sara Movie Brenda were demonstrated with devices such as the zoetrope and the praxinoscope. These machines were outgrowths of simple optical devices (such as magic lanterns) and would display sequences of still pictures at sufficient speed for the images on the pictures to appear to be Tokio Drift Movie moving, a phenomenon called persistence of vision. Naturally, the images needed to be carefully designed to achieve the desired effect � and the underlying principle became the basis for the development of film animation.
A frame from Roundhay Garden Scene, the world's Sara Movie Brenda earliest Sara Movie Brenda film, by Louis Le Prince, 1888
With the Sara Movie Brenda development of celluloid film for still Sara Movie Brenda photography, Sara Movie Brenda it became possible to directly capture objects in motion in real Sara Movie Brenda time. Early versions of the technology sometimes required a Sara Movie Brenda person to look into a viewing machine to see the pictures which were separate paper Sara Movie Brenda prints attached to a drum turned by a Sara Movie Brenda handcrank. The pictures were shown at a variable speed of about 5 to 10 pictures per second depending on how rapidly the crank was turned. Some of these machines were coin operated. By the 1880s, the development of the motion picture camera allowed Sara Movie Brenda the individual component images to be captured and stored on a single reel, and Sara Movie Brenda led quickly to the development of a motion picture projector to shine light through the processed Sara Movie Brenda and printed film and Sara Movie Brenda magnify these Sara Movie Brenda "moving picture shows" onto a screen for an entire audience. Sara Movie Brenda These reels, so exhibited, came to be known Sara Movie Brenda as "motion pictures". Early Sara Movie Brenda motion pictures were Sara Movie Brenda static shots that showed an event or action with no editing Sara Movie Brenda or other cinematic techniques.
Ignoring Dickson's early sound experiments Sara Movie Brenda (1894), commercial motion pictures were purely visual art through the late Sara Movie Brenda 19th century, but these innovative silent films had Sara Movie Brenda gained a hold on the public imagination. Around the Sara Movie Brenda turn of the Sara Movie Brenda twentieth century, films began developing a narrative structure by stringing scenes together to Sara Movie Brenda tell narratives. The scenes were later broken up into multiple Sara Movie Brenda shots of varying sizes and angles. Other techniques such as camera movement were realized as effective ways Sara Movie Brenda to portray a story on film. Rather than leave the audience in silence, theater owners would hire a pianist or organist or a full Sara Movie Brenda orchestra Sara Movie Brenda to Sara Movie Brenda play music fitting the mood of the film at Sara Movie Brenda any given moment. By the early 1920s, most films came with a prepared list of sheet music for this purpose, with complete film scores Sara Movie Brenda being composed for major productions.
A shot from Georges Melies Le Voyage Sara Movie Brenda dans Sara Movie Brenda la Lune (A Trip to the Moon) (1902), an early narrative film.
The rise of European cinema was interrupted by the breakout of World War I while the film industry Sara Movie Brenda in United States flourished with the rise of Hollywood. Sara Movie Brenda However in the Sara Movie Brenda 1920s, European filmmakers such as Sergei Sara Movie Brenda Eisenstein, F. W. Murnau, and Sara Movie Brenda Fritz Lang, along with American innovator D. W. Griffith and the contributions of Charles Chaplin, Buster Keaton and others, continued to advance the medium. In the 1920s, new technology allowed filmmakers to Sara Movie Brenda attach to each film a Sara Movie Brenda soundtrack of speech, music Download Movie Free and sound effects synchronized with the Sara Movie Brenda action on the screen. These sound films were Sara Movie Brenda initially distinguished by calling them "talking pictures", Sara Movie Brenda or talkies.
The Sara Movie Brenda next major step in Sara Movie Brenda the development of cinema was the introduction of so-called "natural" color. While the addition of sound quickly eclipsed silent film and theater musicians, color was adopted more gradually as methods evolved making it more practical and cost effective to produce "natural color" Sara Movie Brenda films. The public was relatively Sara Movie Brenda indifferent to color photography as opposed to black-and-white,[citation needed] but as color Sara Movie Brenda processes improved and Sara Movie Brenda became as affordable as black-and-white film, more and more movies were filmed in color Sara Movie Brenda after the end of World War II, as the Sara Movie Brenda industry in America came to view color as essential to attracting audiences Sara Movie Brenda in its competition with television, which remained Sara Movie Brenda a black-and-white medium until the mid-1960s. By the end of the 1960s, col
Since the decline of the studio system in the 1960s, the Sara Movie Brenda succeeding decades saw changes in the production and Sara Movie Brenda style of film. New Hollywood, French New Wave and Sara Movie Brenda the rise of film school educated independent filmmakers were Sara Movie Brenda all part of the changes the medium experienced in the latter half of the Sara Movie Brenda 20th century. Digital technology has been the driving force in change throughout the 1990s and into the 21st century.
Theory
Main article: Film theory
Film theory seeks to develop concise and systematic concepts Sara Movie Brenda that apply to the study of film as art. It was started by Ricciotto Canudo's The Birth of Sara Movie Brenda the Sixth Art. Formalist film Sara Movie Brenda theory, led by Rudolf Arnheim, Bela Balazs, and Siegfried Kracauer, emphasized how film differed from reality, and thus could be considered a valid fine art. Andre Sara Movie Brenda Bazin Sara Movie Brenda reacted against this theory by arguing that film's artistic essence lay in its ability to mechanically reproduce reality not Sara Movie Brenda in its differences Sara Movie Brenda from Sara Movie Brenda reality, and this gave rise to realist theory. More recent Sara Movie Brenda analysis spurred by Lacan's psychoanalysis and Ferdinand de Saussure's semiotics among other things has given rise to psychoanalytical film theory, structuralist film theory, feminist film theory and others.
Criticism
Main article: Film criticism
Film criticism is the analysis and evaluation of films. Sara Movie Brenda In general, these works can be divided into Sara Movie Brenda two categories: academic criticism Sara Movie Brenda by film scholars and journalistic film criticism that appears regularly Sara Movie Brenda in newspapers and other media.
Film critics working for newspapers, magazines, and Sara Movie Brenda broadcast media mainly review Sara Movie Brenda new releases. Normally they only see any given film once and have only a day or two to formulate opinions. Despite this, critics have an important impact on films, especially those of Sara Movie Brenda certain genres. Mass marketed action, horror, and comedy films tend not Sara Movie Brenda to be Sara Movie Brenda greatly affected by a Sara Movie Brenda critic's overall judgment of a film. The plot summary and Sara Movie Brenda description of a film that makes up the majority of any film review can still have an important impact on whether people decide to see a film. For Sara Movie Brenda prestige films such Sara Movie Brenda as most dramas, the influence of reviews is extremely important. Poor reviews will often Sara Movie Brenda doom Sara Movie Brenda a film Sara Movie Brenda to obscurity and financial loss.
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The impact of a reviewer on a given film's box office performance is a matter of debate. Sara Movie Brenda Some claim that movie Sara Movie Brenda marketing is now so intense and well financed that reviewers cannot make an impact against it. Sara Movie Brenda However, the cataclysmic failure of some heavily-promoted movies which were harshly reviewed, as well as the unexpected success of critically praised independent movies indicates that extreme critical reactions can have considerable influence. Others note that positive film reviews have been shown to spark interest in little-known films. Conversely, there have been several films in which film companies have so little confidence that they refuse to give reviewers an advanced Sara Movie Brenda viewing to avoid widespread Sara Movie Brenda panning of the film. However, this usually backfires as reviewers are wise to the tactic and warn the public Sara Movie Brenda that the film may not be worth Sara Movie Brenda seeing and the films often do poorly as a result.
It is argued that journalist film critics should only be known as film reviewers, and true film Sara Movie Brenda critics are those who take a more academic approach to Sara Movie Brenda films. This line of work is more often known as film theory or film studies. These film critics attempt to come to understand how film Sara Movie Brenda and filming techniques work, and Sara Movie Brenda what effect they have on people. Rather than having their works Sara Movie Brenda published in newspapers or appear on television, their articles are published in scholarly journals, or sometimes in up-market magazines. They also tend Sara Movie Brenda to be affiliated with colleges or universities.
Industry
Main article: Film industry
The Sara Movie Brenda making and showing of motion pictures became a source Sara Movie Brenda of profit almost as Sara Movie Brenda soon as the process was invented. Upon seeing how successful Sara Movie Brenda their new invention, and its product, was Sara Movie Brenda in their native France, the Lumieres quickly set about touring the Continent Sara Movie Brenda to exhibit the first films privately to royalty and publicly to the masses. In each country, they would normally add new, local scenes to their catalogue and, quickly enough, found local entrepreneurs in the various countries of Europe to buy Sara Movie Brenda their equipment Sara Movie Brenda and photograph, export, import and screen additional product commercially. The Oberammergau Passion Play of 1898[citation needed] was the first commercial motion picture ever produced. Other pictures soon Sara Movie Brenda followed, and motion pictures became a separate industry that overshadowed the vaudeville world. Dedicated theaters and companies formed specifically to produce and distribute films, while motion Sara Movie Brenda picture actors became major Sara Movie Brenda celebrities and commanded huge fees for their performances. Already by 1917, Charlie Chaplin had a contract Sara Movie Brenda that called for an annual salary of one million dollars.
In the United States today, much of the Sara Movie Brenda film industry is centered around Sara Movie Brenda Hollywood. Other regional centers exist in many parts of the world, such as Mumbai-centered Bollywood, the Indian film industry's Hindi cinema which produces the largest number of films in Sara Movie Brenda the world.[1] Whether the ten thousand-plus feature length films a year produced by the Valley pornographic film industry should Sara Movie Brenda qualify for this title is the source of some debate.[citation needed] Though the expense involved in making movies has led cinema production to concentrate under the auspices of Sara Movie Brenda movie studios, recent advances in affordable film making Sara Movie Brenda equipment have allowed independent film productions to flourish.
Profit is a key force in the industry, due to the costly and risky Sara Movie Brenda nature of filmmaking; many films have large Sara Movie Brenda cost overruns, a Sara Movie Brenda notorious example Violated Virgin Movie Galleries being Kevin Sara Movie Brenda Costner's Waterworld. Yet many filmmakers strive to create works of lasting social significance. The Academy Awards (also known as "the Saw Movie Times Oscars") are the most prominent film awards in the Sara Movie Brenda United States, Sara Movie Brenda providing recognition each year to films, Sara Movie Brenda ostensibly based on their artistic Sara Movie Brenda merits.
There is also a large industry for educational and instructional films Sara Movie Brenda made in lieu of or in addition to lectures and texts.
Preview
A preview performance refers to a showing of Sara Movie Brenda a movie to a select audience, usually for the purposes of corporate promotions, before the public film premiere itself. Previews are sometimes used to Sara Movie Brenda judge Sara Movie Brenda audience reaction, which if unexpectedly negative, may result in recutting or even refilming certain sections. (cf Audience response.)
Trailer
Main article: Trailer (film)
Trailers or previews are film advertisements for films that will be exhibited in the future Sara Movie Brenda at a cinema, on whose screen they Sara Movie Brenda are shown. The term "trailer" comes from their having originally been shown at the end of a film programme. That practice did not last long, Sara Movie Brenda because patrons tended to leave the theater after the films ended, but Sara Movie Brenda the name has stuck. Trailers are now shown before the film Sara Movie Brenda (or the A movie in a double feature program) begins.
The nature of the film determines the size Sara Movie Brenda and type of crew required during filmmaking. Many Hollywood adventure films need Sara Movie Brenda computer generated imagery (CGI), created by dozens of 3D modellers, animators, rotoscopers and compositors. However, a low-budget, independent film may be made with a skeleton crew, often paid very little. Also, an open source Sara Movie Brenda film may be produced through Sara Movie Brenda open, collaborative processes. Filmmaking takes Sara Movie Brenda place all over the world using different technologies, styles of acting and genre, and is produced in a variety of economic contexts that range Sara Movie Brenda from state-sponsored documentary in China to profit-oriented movie making within the American studio system.
This production cycle typically takes three years. The first year is Sara Movie Brenda taken up with development. The second year Sara Movie Brenda comprises preproduction and production. The third year, post-production Sara Movie Brenda and Sara Movie Brenda distribution.
Crew
Main article: Film crew
A film crew is a group of people hired by a film company, employed during the "production" or "photography" phase, for the purpose Sara Movie Brenda of producing a film or motion Sara Movie Brenda picture. Crew are distinguished from cast, the actors who appear in Sara Movie Brenda front of the camera or provide voices for Sara Movie Brenda characters in the film. The crew interacts with but is also distinct from the production staff, consisting of producers, managers, company Sara Movie Brenda representatives, their assistants, and those whose primary responsibility Sara Movie Brenda falls in pre-production or Sara Movie Brenda post-production phases, Sara Movie Brenda such as writers and editors. Communication between production and Sara Movie Brenda crew generally passes through the director and his/her staff of assistants. Medium-to-large crews are generally divided into departments with well defined hierarchies and standards for interaction and cooperation between the departments. Other than acting, the crew handles everything in the photography phase: props and costumes, shooting, sound, electrics (i.e., lights), sets, and Sara Movie Brenda production special effects. Caterers (known in the film industry Sara Movie Brenda as "craft services") are usually Sara Movie Brenda not Sara Movie Brenda considered part of the crew.
Technology
Film stock consists of transparent celluloid, acetate, or polyester base coated with an emulsion containing light-sensitive chemicals. Cellulose nitrate was the first type of film base used to record motion Sara Movie Brenda pictures, but due to its flammability Sara Movie Brenda was eventually replaced by safer materials. Stock widths and the film format for images on Sara Movie Brenda the reel have had a rich history, though most large commercial films are still Sara Movie Brenda shot on Sara Movie Brenda (and distributed to theaters) as 35 mm Sara Movie Brenda prints.
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Originally moving picture film was shot and projected at various speeds using hand-cranked cameras and projectors; though 1000 frames Sara Movie Brenda per minute (16? Sara Movie Brenda frame/s) is generally cited as a standard Sara Movie Brenda silent speed, research indicates most films were shot between 16 frame/s and 23 frame/s and projected from 18 frame/s on up (often reels included instructions on how fast each scene should be shown) [1]. When sound film was introduced Sara Movie Brenda in the late Sara Movie Brenda 1920s, a constant speed was required Sara Movie Brenda for the sound head. 24 frames per second was chosen because it was the slowest (and thus cheapest) speed which allowed Sara Movie Brenda for sufficient sound quality. Improvements since the late 19th century include the mechanization of cameras � allowing them to record at a consistent speed, Sara Movie Brenda quiet camera design � allowing sound recorded on-set to Sara Movie Brenda be usable without requiring large "blimps" to encase the camera, the invention of more Sara Movie Brenda sophisticated filmstocks and lenses, allowing directors Sara Movie Brenda to film in increasingly dim conditions, Sara Movie Brenda and the development of synchronized sound, allowing sound to be recorded at exactly the same speed as its corresponding action. The soundtrack can be recorded separately Sara Movie Brenda from shooting the film, but for live-action Sara Movie Brenda pictures many parts of the soundtrack are usually Sara Movie Brenda recorded Sara Movie Brenda simultaneously.
As a medium, Sara Movie Brenda film is not limited to motion pictures, since the technology developed Sara Movie Brenda as the basis for photography. It can be used to present a progressive Sara Movie Brenda sequence of still Sara Movie Brenda images in the form of a slideshow. Film Sara Movie Brenda has also been incorporated into multimedia presentations, and often has importance as primary Sara Movie Brenda historical documentation. However, historic films have problems in terms of preservation and Sara Movie Brenda storage, Sara Movie Brenda and the motion picture industry is Sara Movie Brenda exploring many alternatives. Most movies on cellulose nitrate base have been copied onto modern safety films. Some Sara Movie Brenda studios save color Sara Movie Brenda films through the use of Sara Movie Brenda separation masters � three B&W Sara Movie Brenda negatives each Sara Movie Brenda exposed through red, green, or blue filters (essentially Sara Movie Brenda a reverse of the Technicolor process). Digital Sara Movie Brenda methods have Sara Movie Brenda also been used to restore films, although their Sara Movie Brenda continued obsolescence cycle makes them (as of 2006) Sara Movie Brenda a poor Sara Movie Brenda choice for long-term preservation. Film Sara Movie Brenda preservation of Sara Movie Brenda decaying film Sara Movie Brenda stock is a matter of concern to both film historians and Sara Movie Brenda archivists, and to companies interested in preserving their existing products in order to make them available to Sara Movie Brenda future generations (and Sara Movie Brenda thereby increase revenue). Preservation is generally a higher-concern for nitrate and single-strip color films, due to their high decay rates; black Sara Movie Brenda and white films on safety bases and color films preserved on Technicolor imbibition prints tend to keep up Sara Movie Brenda much better, assuming proper Sara Movie Brenda handling and storage.
Some films in recent decades have been recorded using analog Sara Movie Brenda video technology similar to that used in television production. Modern digital video cameras and digital projectors are gaining ground as well. These approaches are extremely beneficial to moviemakers, especially because footage can be evaluated and Sara Movie Brenda edited without waiting for the film stock to be processed. Yet the migration is gradual, and as of 2005 most major motion Sara Movie Brenda pictures are still recorded Sara Movie Brenda on film.
Independent
Main article: Independent film
The Lumiere Brothers
Independent Sara Movie Brenda filmmaking often takes place outside of Hollywood, or Sara Movie Brenda other Sara Movie Brenda major studio systems. An independent film (or indie film) is a film initially produced without financing or distribution from a major movie studio. Creative, business, and technological reasons have all contributed to the growth of the indie film scene in Sara Movie Brenda the Sara Movie Brenda late 20th and early 21st century.
On Sara Movie Brenda the business side, the costs Sara Movie Brenda of big-budget studio films also leads to conservative choices in cast Sara Movie Brenda and crew. There is a trend Sara Movie Brenda in Hollywood towards co-financing Sara Movie Brenda (over two-thirds Sara Movie Brenda of the films Sara Movie Brenda put out by Warner Bros. in 2000 were joint ventures, up from 10% in 1987).[2] A hopeful Sara Movie Brenda director is almost never given the opportunity Sara Movie Brenda to get a job on a big-budget studio film unless he or she has significant Sara Movie Brenda industry experience in film or television. Also, the studios rarely produce Sara Movie Brenda films with unknown actors, particularly in lead roles.
Before the advent of digital alternatives, the cost of professional Sara Movie Brenda film equipment and stock was also a hurdle to being able to produce, direct, or star in a traditional studio film. The cost of 35 Sara Movie Brenda mm film is outpacing Sara Movie Brenda inflation: in 2002 alone, film negative costs were up 23%, according to Variety.[2].
But the advent of consumer camcorders in 1985, and Sara Movie Brenda more importantly, the arrival of high-resolution digital video in the early 1990s, have lowered the Sara Movie Brenda technology barrier to movie production significantly. Both production and post-production costs have been significantly lowered; today, the hardware and software for post-production can be Sara Movie Brenda installed in Sara Movie Brenda a commodity-based personal computer. Technologies such as DVDs, FireWire connections and non-linear editing system pro-level software like Adobe Premiere Pro, Sony Vegas and Apple's Final Cut Pro, and consumer level software such as Apple's Final Cut Express and iMovie make movie-making relatively inexpensive.
Since the introduction of DV Sara Movie Brenda technology, the means Sara Movie Brenda of production have become more democratized. Filmmakers Sara Movie Brenda can conceivably shoot and edit a Sara Movie Brenda movie, create Sara Movie Brenda and edit the sound and music, and mix Sara Movie Brenda the final cut on a home computer. However, while the means of production may be democratized, financing, distribution, and marketing remain difficult to accomplish outside the traditional system. Sara Movie Brenda Most independent filmmakers rely on film Islands Movie festivals to get their films noticed Sara Movie Brenda and sold for distribution. The arrival of internet-based video outlets such as Sara Movie Brenda YouTube and Veoh has further changed the film making landscape Sara Movie Brenda in ways that are still to be determined.
Open content film
Main article: Open Sara Movie Brenda content film
An open content film is much like an independent film, Sara Movie Brenda but it is produced Sara Movie Brenda through open collaborations; its source material is available under Sara Movie Brenda a Sara Movie Brenda license which is permissive enough to allow other parties to create fan fiction or derivative works, than a traditional copyright. Like independent filmmaking, open source filmmaking takes place outside of Hollywood, or other major studio systems.
Fan film
Main Sara Movie Brenda article: Fan film
A fan film is a film or video inspired by a film, television program, comic book Sara Movie Brenda or a similar source, created by fans rather than by the source's copyright holders or creators. Fan filmmakers have traditionally been Sara Movie Brenda amateurs, but some of the more notable films have actually been produced by professional filmmakers as film school class projects or as Sara Movie Brenda demonstration reels. Fan films vary tremendously in length, from short faux-teaser trailers Sara Movie Brenda for non-existent motion pictures to rarer full-length motion pictures
Animation is the technique in which each frame of a film is produced Sara Movie Brenda individually, Sara Movie Brenda whether generated Sara Movie Brenda as a computer graphic, or by photographing a drawn image, or by repeatedly making small Sara Movie Brenda changes to a Sara Movie Brenda model unit (see claymation and Sara Movie Brenda stop Sara Movie Brenda motion), and then photographing the result with a special animation camera. When the frames are strung together and the resulting film is viewed at a speed of 16 or more frames per second, there Sara Movie Brenda is an illusion of continuous movement (due to the persistence of vision). Generating such a film is very labour intensive and tedious, though the development Sara Movie Brenda of computer animation has greatly sped up the process.
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File formats like GIF, QuickTime, Shockwave Sara Movie Brenda and Flash allow animation to be viewed on a computer or over the Internet.
Because Sara Movie Brenda animation is very time-consuming and often very expensive to produce, the majority of animation for TV and Sara Movie Brenda movies comes from professional animation studios. However, the field of independent animation has existed at least since Sara Movie Brenda the Sara Movie Brenda 1950s, with animation being produced by independent studios (and sometimes by a single person). Several independent animation producers have gone on to enter the professional animation industry.
Limited animation is a way of increasing production and decreasing costs of animation Sara Movie Brenda by using "short cuts" in the animation process. This method was Sara Movie Brenda pioneered by UPA and popularized by Hanna-Barbera, and adapted Sara Movie Brenda by other studios as cartoons moved from movie theaters to television.[3]
Although most animation studios are now Sara Movie Brenda using digital technologies in their productions, there is a specific style of animation that depends on film. Cameraless animation, made Sara Movie Brenda famous by moviemakers like Norman McLaren, Len Lye and Stan Brakhage, is painted and drawn directly onto pieces of film, and then run through a Sara Movie Brenda projector.
Venues
When it is initially produced, a feature film is often shown to audiences in Sara Movie Brenda a movie theater Sara Movie Brenda or cinema. The first theater designed exclusively for cinema opened in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in 1905.[4] Thousands G I Jane Movie Posters Htm of such theaters were built or converted from existing facilities within a few years.[5] In the United States, these theaters came to be known as Sara Movie Brenda nickelodeons, because admission typically cost a nickel (five cents).
Typically, one film is the Sara Movie Brenda featured presentation (or feature film). Before the 1970s, there were "double features"; typically, a John Carpenter Movie high quality "A picture" rented by an independent theater for a lump sum, and a Sara Movie Brenda "B picture" of lower quality rented for a percentage of Sara Movie Brenda the gross receipts. Today, the bulk of the material shown before the feature film consists of Sara Movie Brenda previews for upcoming movies and paid advertisements (also known as trailers Sara Movie Brenda or "The Twenty").
Historically, all mass marketed feature films were made to Sara Movie Brenda be shown Sara Movie Brenda in movie theaters. The development of television has allowed films Sara Movie Brenda to be Sara Movie Brenda broadcast to larger audiences, usually after the film is no longer being shown in theaters. Recording technology has also enabled consumers to rent or buy copies of films on VHS or DVD (and the older formats of laserdisc, VCD and SelectaVision � see also videodisc), and Internet downloads may be available and have started to become revenue sources for the film companies. Some films are now made specifically for Sara Movie Brenda these other venues, being Sara Movie Brenda released as made-for-TV movies or direct-to-video movies. The production values on these films are often considered to be of inferior quality compared to theatrical releases in similar genres, and indeed, Sara Movie Brenda some films that are rejected by their own studios upon completion are distributed through these markets.
The movie theater pays an average of about 50-55% Sara Movie Brenda of its ticket sales to the movie studio, as film rental fees.[6] The Sara Movie Brenda actual percentage starts with Sara Movie Brenda a number higher than that, and decreases as the duration of a film's showing continues, as an incentive to theaters to keep movies in the theater longer. However, today's barrage Seminole County Movie In Park of highly marketed movies ensures that most movies are shown in first-run theaters for less than 8 Sara Movie Brenda weeks. There are a few movies every year Sara Movie Brenda that defy this rule, Sara Movie Brenda often limited-release Sara Movie Brenda movies that start in only a few theaters and actually grow their theater count through Highlands Ranch Movie Theaters good word-of-mouth and reviews. According to a 2000 study by ABN AMRO, about 26% of Hollywood movie studios' Sara Movie Brenda worldwide income Sara Movie Brenda came from box office ticket sales; 46% came from VHS and DVD sales to consumers; and 28% came from television (broadcast, cable, and pay-per-view).[6]
Future state
While motion picture films have been around for Sara Movie Brenda more than Sara Movie Brenda a century, film is still a relative newcomer in the pantheon of fine arts. Sara Movie Brenda In the 1950s, when television became widely Sara Movie Brenda available, industry analysts predicted the demise of local movie theaters. Despite competition from television's increasing technological sophistication over the 1960s and 1970s, such as the development of color television and large screens, motion picture cinemas continued. In the 1980s, when the widespread availability of inexpensive videocassette recorders enabled people to select films Sara Movie Brenda for home viewing, industry analysts again wrongly predicted the death of the local cinemas.
In the 1990s and 2000s the development of digital DVD players, home Sara Movie Brenda theater amplification systems with surround sound and subwoofers, Sara Movie Brenda and large LCD or plasma screens enabled people to select and view films at home with greatly improved audio Sara Movie Brenda and visual reproduction. These new technologies provided audio and visual that in the past only local cinemas had been able to provide: a large, clear widescreen presentation of a Sara Movie Brenda film with a full-range, high-quality multi-speaker Sara Movie Brenda sound system. Once again industry analysts predicted Sara Movie Brenda the demise of the local cinema. Sara Movie Brenda Local Sara Movie Brenda cinemas will be changing in the 2000s and moving towards digital screens, a new approach which will allow for easier and quicker Sara Movie Brenda distribution of films (via satellite Sara Movie Brenda or hard Sara Movie Brenda disks), a development which may give local theaters a reprieve from their predicted demise.
The cinema now faces a new challenge from home video by the likes of a new DVD format Blu-ray, which can provide full HD Sara Movie Brenda 1080p video playback Sara Movie Brenda at near cinema quality. Video formats are gradually Sara Movie Brenda catching up with the resolutions and quality that film offers, 1080p in Blu-ray offers a pixel resolution of 1920?1080 a leap from the DVD offering of 720?480 Sara Movie Brenda and the paltry 330?480 offered by the first home video standard VHS. The maximum resolutions that film currently offers Sara Movie Brenda are 2485?2970 or 1420?3390, UHD, Sara Movie Brenda a future Sara Movie Brenda digital video Sara Movie Brenda format, will offer Sara Movie Brenda a Sara Movie Brenda massive resolution of Sara Movie Brenda 7680?4320, surpassing all current film resolutions. The only viable competitor Sara Movie Brenda to these new innovations is IMAX which Sara Movie Brenda can play film content Sara Movie Brenda at an extreme 10000?7000 Movie Maker For Mov resolution.
Despite the rise of Sara Movie Brenda all Sara Movie Brenda new technologies, the development of the home video market and a surge Sara Movie Brenda of online piracy, 2007 was a record year in film that showed the highest ever box-office Sara Movie Brenda grosses. Many Sara Movie Brenda expected film to suffer as a Sara Movie Brenda result of the effects listed above but it has flourished, strengthening film studio expectations for the future. |
