Film is a term that encompasses individual motion pictures, the field of film as an art form, Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie and the motion picture industry. Films are produced by recording images from the world Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie with cameras, or by creating images using animation techniques or special effects.
Films are cultural artifacts created by specific cultures, which reflect those cultures, and, in turn, affect them. Film is considered to be an important art form, a source Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie of popular entertainment and a Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie powerful method for educating Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie � or indoctrinating � citizens. Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie The visual elements of cinema gives motion pictures a universal power of communication. Some films Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie have become popular worldwide attractions by using dubbing or subtitles that translate the dialogue.
Traditional films are made up of a series Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie of individual images called Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie frames. When these images are shown rapidly in succession, a viewer has the illusion that motion is Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie occurring. Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie The viewer cannot see the flickering between frames due to an effect known as persistence of vision, whereby Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie the eye retains a
The origin of Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie the name "film" comes from the fact that photographic film (also called film Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie stock) had historically been the primary medium for Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie recording and displaying motion pictures. Many Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie other terms exist for an individual motion picture, including Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie picture, picture show, photo-play, flick, Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie and most commonly, movie. Additional terms Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie for the field in general include the big screen, the silver screen, the cinema, and the movies.In the 1860s, mechanisms for producing Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie artificially created, Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie two-dimensional images in motion were demonstrated with devices such as Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie the zoetrope and the praxinoscope. These machines Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie were outgrowths of simple optical devices (such as magic lanterns) and would display Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie sequences of still pictures at sufficient speed for the images on the pictures to appear to Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie be moving, a phenomenon called persistence Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie of vision. Naturally, the images needed to be carefully Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie designed to achieve the desired effect � and the Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie underlying principle became the basis for Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie the development of film animation.
A frame from Roundhay Garden Scene, the world's earliest film, by Louis Le Prince, 1888
With the development of celluloid Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie film for still photography, it became possible to directly capture objects in motion Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie in real Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie time. Early versions of the technology sometimes Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie required a person to look into a viewing machine to see the pictures which were separate paper prints attached to a drum turned by a handcrank. The pictures were shown at a variable speed of about 5 to 10 pictures per second depending on how rapidly the Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie crank was turned. Some of these Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie machines were coin operated. By the 1880s, the development of the motion picture camera allowed the individual component images to be captured and stored on a single reel, Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie and led quickly to the development of a motion picture projector to shine light through the processed and printed film and magnify these "moving picture shows" onto a screen for an entire audience. These reels, so exhibited, came to be known as "motion pictures". Early motion pictures were static shots that Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie showed an event or action with no editing Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie or other cinematic techniques.
Ignoring Dickson's early sound experiments (1894), commercial motion pictures were purely visual Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie art through the late 19th century, but these innovative silent films had gained Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie a hold on Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie the public imagination. Around the turn of the twentieth century, films began developing a narrative structure by stringing scenes together to tell narratives. The scenes were later broken up into multiple shots of varying sizes and angles. Other techniques such as camera movement were realized as effective ways to portray a story on film. Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie Rather than leave the audience in silence, theater owners would hire Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie a pianist or organist or a full orchestra to play music fitting the Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie mood of the film at any given moment. By the early 1920s, most films came Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie with Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie a prepared Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie list of Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie sheet music for this purpose, with complete film scores being composed for major Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie productions.
A shot from Georges Melies Le Voyage dans la Lune (A Trip to the Moon) Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie (1902), an Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie early narrative film.
The rise of European cinema was interrupted by the breakout of World War I while the film industry in United States flourished with the rise of Hollywood. However in the 1920s, European filmmakers such as Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie Sergei Eisenstein, F. W. Murnau, and Fritz Lang, along with American innovator D. W. Griffith and the contributions of Charles Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie Chaplin, Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie Buster Keaton and others, continued to advance the medium. In Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie the 1920s, new technology allowed filmmakers to attach to each film a soundtrack of speech, music and Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie sound effects synchronized with the Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie action on the screen. These sound films were initially distinguished by calling them "talking pictures", or talkies.
The next major step in the development of cinema was the introduction of so-called "natural" color. While the addition of sound quickly eclipsed silent film Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie and theater Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie musicians, color was adopted more gradually as methods evolved making it more practical and cost effective to produce "natural color" films. The public was relatively indifferent Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie to color photography Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie as opposed to black-and-white,[citation Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie needed] but as color processes Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie improved and became as affordable as black-and-white film, more and more movies were filmed in color after the end of World War II, as the Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie industry in America came to view color as essential to attracting audiences in its competition with television, which remained a black-and-white Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie medium until the mid-1960s. By the Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie end of the 1960s, col
Since the decline of the studio system in the Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie 1960s, the succeeding decades saw changes in the production and style of film. New Hollywood, French New Wave and the rise of Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie film Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie school educated independent filmmakers were all part of the changes the medium experienced in the latter half of the 20th century. Digital technology has been the Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie driving force in change throughout the 1990s and into the 21st century.
Theory
Main article: Film theory
Film theory seeks to develop concise and systematic concepts that apply to the study of film as art. It was Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie started Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie by Ricciotto Canudo's The Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie Birth of the Sixth Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie Art. Formalist film theory, led by Rudolf Arnheim, Bela Balazs, Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie and Siegfried Kracauer, emphasized Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie how film differed from reality, and thus could be considered a valid Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie fine art. Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie Andre Bazin reacted against this theory by arguing that film's artistic essence lay in its ability to mechanically reproduce reality not in its differences from reality, and Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie this gave rise to realist theory. More recent analysis spurred by Lacan's psychoanalysis and Ferdinand de Saussure's semiotics among other things Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie has given rise to psychoanalytical film theory, structuralist film theory, feminist film theory and others.
Criticism
Main article: Film criticism
Film criticism Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie is the analysis and Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie evaluation of films. In Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie general, Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie these works can Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie be Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie divided into two categories: academic criticism Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie by film scholars and journalistic film criticism that appears regularly in newspapers and other Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie media.
Film critics working for newspapers, magazines, and broadcast media mainly review new releases. Normally they only see any given film once and have only a day or Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie two to formulate opinions. Despite this, Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie critics have an important Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie impact on films, especially those of certain genres. Mass marketed action, horror, and comedy films tend not to be greatly affected by a critic's overall judgment of a film. The plot summary and description of a film that makes up the majority of any film review can still have an important impact on whether people decide to see a film. For prestige films such as most dramas, the influence of reviews is extremely important. Poor Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie reviews will often doom a film Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie to obscurity Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie and financial loss.
The impact of a reviewer on a given film's box Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie office performance is a matter Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie of debate. Some claim that movie marketing is now so intense Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie and well financed that reviewers cannot make an impact against it. However, the Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie cataclysmic failure of some heavily-promoted movies which were harshly reviewed, as well as the Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie unexpected success of critically praised independent movies indicates that extreme critical reactions can have considerable influence. Others note that positive film Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie reviews have been shown to spark interest in little-known films. Conversely, there have been several films in which film companies have so little confidence that they refuse to give reviewers an advanced viewing to avoid widespread Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie panning of the film. However, this usually backfires as reviewers are Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie wise to the tactic and warn the public that the film may not be worth seeing and the films often do poorly as a result.
It is argued that journalist film critics should only be known as film reviewers, and true film critics are those who take a more academic approach to films. This line of work is Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie more often known as Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie film theory or film studies. These film critics attempt to come to understand how film and filming techniques work, and what effect they have on people. Rather than having their works published in newspapers or appear on television, their Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie articles Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie are published in scholarly journals, or sometimes in up-market magazines. They also tend to be affiliated with colleges or universities.
Industry
Main article: Film industry
The making and showing Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie of Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie motion pictures became a source of profit almost as soon as the process was invented. Upon seeing how successful their new invention, and its product, was in their native France, the Lumieres quickly set about touring the Continent Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie to exhibit Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie the first films privately Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie to royalty and Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie publicly to the masses. In each country, they would normally add new, local scenes to their Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie catalogue and, quickly enough, found local entrepreneurs in the various countries Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie of Europe to buy their equipment and photograph, export, Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie import Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie and screen additional product commercially. The Oberammergau Passion Play of 1898[citation needed] was the first commercial motion picture ever produced. Other pictures soon followed, and Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie motion pictures became a separate industry that overshadowed the vaudeville world. Dedicated theaters and companies formed specifically to produce Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie and distribute films, while motion picture Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie actors became major celebrities Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie and commanded huge fees for their performances. Already by 1917, Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie Charlie Chaplin Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie had a contract that called for an annual salary of one million dollars.
In Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie the United Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie States today, Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie much of the film industry is centered around Hollywood. Other regional centers exist in many parts of the world, such as Mumbai-centered Bollywood, the Indian film industry's Hindi cinema which produces the largest Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie number of films in the world.[1] Whether the ten thousand-plus feature length films a year produced by the Valley pornographic film Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie industry should qualify for this title is the source of some debate.[citation needed] Though the expense involved in making movies has led cinema Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie production to concentrate under the auspices of movie studios, recent advances in affordable film making equipment have allowed independent film productions to flourish.
Profit is a key force in the industry, due to the costly and Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie risky nature of filmmaking; many films have large cost overruns, a notorious example being Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie Kevin Costner's Waterworld. Yet Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie many filmmakers strive to create works of lasting social significance. The Academy Awards (also known as "the Oscars") are the most Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie prominent film awards in the Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie United States, Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie providing recognition each Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie year to films, ostensibly based on their artistic merits.
There is also a large industry for educational and instructional films made in lieu of or in addition to lectures and texts.
Preview
A preview performance refers to a showing of a movie Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie to Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie a select audience, usually Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie for the purposes of corporate promotions, before the public film premiere itself. Previews are sometimes used to Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie judge audience reaction, which if unexpectedly negative, may result in recutting or even refilming certain sections. (cf Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie Audience response.)
Trailer
Main article: Trailer (film)
Trailers or previews are film Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie advertisements for films that will be exhibited in the future at a cinema, Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie on whose screen they are shown. The term "trailer" comes from their having originally been shown at the end of a film Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie programme. That practice did not last Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie long, because patrons tended to leave the Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie theater after Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie the films ended, but the name has stuck. Trailers are now shown before the film (or the A movie in Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie a double feature program) begins.
The nature of the film determines the size Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie and type of crew required during filmmaking. Many Hollywood Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie adventure films need computer generated imagery (CGI), created by dozens of 3D modellers, animators, rotoscopers and compositors. However, a low-budget, independent Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie film may be made with a Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie skeleton Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie crew, often paid very little. Also, Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie an open source film Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie may be Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie produced through Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie open, collaborative Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie processes. Filmmaking takes place all over the world using different technologies, styles of Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie acting and genre, and Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie is produced in a variety Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie of Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie economic contexts that range from state-sponsored documentary in China to profit-oriented movie making within the American studio system.
This production cycle typically takes three years. The first year is taken up with development. The second year Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie comprises preproduction and production. The third year, Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie post-production and distribution.
Crew
Main article: Film crew
A film crew is a group of people hired by Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie a film company, employed during the Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie "production" or "photography" Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie phase, for the purpose of producing a film or motion picture. Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie Crew are distinguished from cast, the actors who appear in front of the camera or provide Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie voices for characters in the film. The crew interacts with but is also distinct from the production staff, consisting Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie of producers, managers, company representatives, their assistants, and those whose primary responsibility falls in pre-production Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie or post-production phases, such as writers and Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie editors. Communication between production and crew generally passes through the director and his/her staff of assistants. Medium-to-large crews are Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie generally divided into departments with well defined hierarchies and standards for interaction and cooperation between the departments. Other than acting, the crew handles everything in the photography phase: Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie props and costumes, shooting, sound, electrics (i.e., lights), sets, and production special effects. Caterers (known in the film industry as "craft services") are usually not considered part of the crew.
Technology
Film stock consists of transparent celluloid, acetate, or polyester base Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie coated with an emulsion containing light-sensitive Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie chemicals. Cellulose nitrate was Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie the first type of film base used to record motion pictures, but due to its Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie flammability was Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie eventually replaced by safer materials. Stock Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie widths and the film format for images on the reel have had a rich history, though most large Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie commercial films are Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie still Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie shot on (and Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie distributed Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie to theaters) as 35 mm prints.
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Originally Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie moving picture Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie film was shot and projected at various speeds using hand-cranked cameras and projectors; though 1000 frames per minute (16? frame/s) is generally cited as a standard silent speed, research indicates most films were shot between 16 frame/s Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie and 23 Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie frame/s and projected from 18 frame/s on up Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie (often reels included instructions on how fast each Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie scene should be shown) [1]. When sound film was introduced in the Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie late 1920s, a Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie constant speed Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie was required for the sound head. 24 frames Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie per second was chosen because it was the slowest (and thus cheapest) speed which allowed for Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie sufficient sound quality. Improvements since the late 19th Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie century include the mechanization of cameras � allowing them to record at a consistent speed, quiet camera design � allowing sound recorded on-set to be usable without requiring large Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie "blimps" to encase the camera, the invention of Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie more sophisticated filmstocks and lenses, allowing directors to film in increasingly dim conditions, and the development of synchronized sound, allowing sound to be recorded at exactly Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie the same speed as its corresponding action. The soundtrack can be recorded separately from shooting the film, but for live-action Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie pictures Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie many parts of the soundtrack are usually recorded simultaneously.
As a medium, film is not limited to motion pictures, since the technology developed as the basis for photography. It can be used to present a progressive sequence of still images in the form of a slideshow. Film has Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie also Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie been incorporated into Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie multimedia presentations, and often has importance Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie as primary historical documentation. However, historic films have problems in terms of preservation Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie and storage, and the Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie motion picture industry is exploring many alternatives. Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie Most movies on cellulose Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie nitrate base have been copied onto modern safety films. Some studios save color Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie films through the Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie use of separation masters � three B&W negatives each exposed through red, green, or blue filters (essentially a reverse of the Technicolor process). Digital methods have also been used to Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie restore films, although Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie their Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie continued obsolescence cycle makes them (as of 2006) a Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie poor choice for long-term preservation. Film preservation of decaying film stock is a matter of concern to both film historians and archivists, and to companies interested in preserving their existing products in order to Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie make them available to future generations (and thereby increase revenue). Preservation Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie is generally a higher-concern for nitrate and single-strip color films, due to Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie their high decay rates; black and white films on safety bases and color films preserved on Technicolor imbibition prints tend to keep up Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie much better, assuming proper handling and storage.
Some films in recent decades have been recorded using analog video technology similar to that Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie used in television production. Modern digital video cameras and digital projectors are gaining ground as well. These approaches are extremely beneficial to moviemakers, especially Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie because footage can Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie be evaluated and edited without waiting for the film stock to Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie be processed. Yet the migration is gradual, and as of 2005 most major motion pictures are still recorded on film.
Independent
Main article: Independent film
The Lumiere Brothers
Independent filmmaking often takes place outside of Hollywood, or other major studio systems. An independent Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie film (or indie film) is a film initially produced without financing or distribution from a major movie studio. Creative, business, and technological Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie reasons have all contributed to the growth of the indie film Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie scene in the late 20th and early 21st century.
On the business side, Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie the costs of big-budget studio films also leads to conservative Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie choices in cast and crew. There is Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie a trend in Hollywood towards co-financing (over Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie two-thirds of the films put out by Warner Bros. in 2000 were joint ventures, Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie up from 10% Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie in 1987).[2] A hopeful director is almost never given the opportunity to get a job on a big-budget studio film unless he or she has significant industry experience in film or television. Also, the studios rarely produce films with unknown actors, Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie particularly in Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie lead roles.
Before the advent Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie of digital alternatives, the cost of professional Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie film Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie equipment and Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie stock was also a hurdle to being able to produce, direct, or star in a traditional studio film. The cost of 35 mm film is outpacing inflation: in 2002 Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie alone, film negative costs were up 23%, according to Variety.[2].
But the advent of consumer camcorders in 1985, and more importantly, the arrival of high-resolution digital video in Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie the early 1990s, have lowered the technology barrier to movie production significantly. Both production and post-production costs Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie have been significantly lowered; today, the hardware and software for post-production can Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie be installed in a commodity-based personal Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie computer. Technologies such as DVDs, FireWire connections and Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie non-linear editing system pro-level software like Adobe Premiere Pro, Sony Vegas and Apple's Final Cut Pro, Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie and consumer level software such as Apple's Final Cut Express and iMovie make movie-making relatively inexpensive.
Since the introduction of DV technology, the Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie means of production have become more democratized. Filmmakers can conceivably shoot and edit a movie, create and edit the sound and music, and mix the final cut Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie on a home computer. However, while the means of production may Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie be democratized, financing, distribution, and marketing Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie remain difficult to accomplish outside the traditional system. Most independent filmmakers rely on film festivals Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie to get their films noticed and sold for distribution. The arrival of internet-based video outlets such as YouTube and Veoh has further changed the film making landscape in ways Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie that are still to be determined.
Open Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie content film
Main article: Open content film
An open content film is much like an independent film, but it is produced through open collaborations; its source Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie material is available under a license which is permissive enough to Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie allow other parties to create fan fiction or derivative works, than a traditional copyright. Like independent filmmaking, Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie open source filmmaking Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie takes place outside of Hollywood, or other major studio systems.
Fan film
Main article: Fan film
A fan film Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie is a film or Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie video inspired by a film, television program, comic book or a similar source, created by fans rather than by the source's copyright holders or creators. Fan filmmakers have traditionally Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie been amateurs, but some of the more notable films have actually Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie been produced by professional filmmakers as film school class projects or as demonstration reels. Fan films vary tremendously in length, from short Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie faux-teaser trailers Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie for non-existent motion pictures to rarer full-length motion pictures
Animation is the Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie technique in which each frame of a film Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie is produced individually, whether generated as a computer graphic, or by photographing a drawn image, or by repeatedly making small changes to a model Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie unit (see claymation and stop motion), Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie and then photographing the Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie result Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie with a special animation camera. When the frames are strung together and the resulting film is viewed at a speed of 16 or more frames per second, there is an illusion of continuous movement (due to Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie the persistence of vision). Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie Generating such a Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie film is very labour Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie intensive and tedious, though the development Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie of computer animation has greatly sped Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie up the process.
File formats like GIF, QuickTime, Shockwave and Flash allow animation to Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie be Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie viewed on a computer or over the Internet.
Because animation Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie is very time-consuming and often Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie very expensive to produce, the Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie majority of animation for TV and movies comes from professional animation studios. However, the field of independent animation has existed at least since the 1950s, with animation being produced by independent studios (and sometimes by a single person). Several independent animation producers Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie have Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie gone Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie on to enter Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie the Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie professional animation industry.
Limited animation is a way of increasing production and decreasing Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie costs of animation by using "short cuts" Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie in the animation process. This method was pioneered by UPA Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie and popularized by Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie Hanna-Barbera, and adapted by Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie other studios as cartoons Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie moved from movie Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie theaters to television.[3]
Although most animation studios are now using digital technologies in their productions, there is a specific style of animation that depends on film. Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie Cameraless animation, made Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie famous by moviemakers like Norman McLaren, Len Lye and Stan Brakhage, is painted and Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie drawn Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie directly onto pieces of film, and then run through a projector.
Venues
When it is initially produced, a Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie feature film is often shown Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie to audiences in a movie theater or cinema. The first theater designed exclusively for cinema opened in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in 1905.[4] Thousands of Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie such theaters were Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie built or converted from existing facilities Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie within a few years.[5] In the United States, these theaters came to be known as nickelodeons, because admission typically cost a nickel (five cents).
Typically, one film is Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie the featured presentation (or feature film). Before Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie the Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie 1970s, there were "double features"; typically, a high quality "A picture" rented Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie by an independent theater for a lump sum, and a "B picture" of lower quality rented for Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie a percentage Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie of the gross receipts. Today, the bulk of the material shown before the feature film consists of previews for Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie upcoming movies and paid advertisements (also known as trailers or "The Twenty").
Historically, all mass marketed feature films were made to be shown Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie in movie Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie theaters. The development of television has allowed films to be broadcast to larger Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie audiences, Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie usually after the Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie film is no longer Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie being shown in theaters. Recording technology has also enabled consumers to rent or buy copies Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie of films on VHS or DVD (and the older formats of laserdisc, VCD and Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie SelectaVision Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie � see also videodisc), and Internet downloads may be available and have started to become revenue sources for the film companies. Some films are Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie now made specifically for these other venues, being released Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie as made-for-TV movies or direct-to-video movies. The production values on these films Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie are often considered to be of inferior quality compared to Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie theatrical releases in similar genres, and indeed, some films that are rejected by their own studios upon completion are distributed through these markets.
The movie theater pays an average of about 50-55% of its ticket sales to the movie studio, as film rental fees.[6] The actual percentage starts with a number higher than Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie that, and decreases as the duration of a film's showing continues, Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie as an incentive to theaters to keep movies in the theater longer. However, today's barrage of highly marketed movies ensures that Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie most movies are shown in first-run theaters for less than 8 weeks. Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie There are a few movies every year that defy this rule, often limited-release movies that start in only Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie a few Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie theaters and actually grow their theater count through Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie good word-of-mouth and reviews. According to a 2000 study by ABN AMRO, about 26% of Hollywood movie studios' worldwide income came from box office ticket sales; 46% came from VHS and DVD sales to consumers; and 28% came from television |
