Film is Hoyts Movie Times a term that encompasses individual motion pictures, the field of Hoyts Movie Times film as an art form, and the Hoyts Movie Times motion picture Hoyts Movie Times industry. Films are produced by recording images from the world with cameras, or by creating images using Hoyts Movie Times animation techniques or Hoyts Movie Times special Hoyts Movie Times effects.
Films are cultural artifacts created by specific cultures, which Hoyts Movie Times reflect those cultures, and, in turn, affect them. Film is Hoyts Movie Times considered to be an important art form, a source of popular entertainment and a powerful Hoyts Movie Times method for educating � or indoctrinating � citizens. The visual elements of cinema gives motion pictures a universal power of communication. Some films have become popular worldwide attractions by using dubbing or subtitles that translate the dialogue.
Traditional films are made up of a series of individual images called frames. When these images are shown rapidly in succession, a viewer has the illusion that Hoyts Movie Times motion is occurring. The viewer cannot see the flickering between Hoyts Movie Times frames due to an effect known as Hoyts Movie Times persistence of vision, whereby the eye retains a
The origin Hoyts Movie Times of the name "film" comes from Hoyts Movie Times the fact that photographic film (also called Hoyts Movie Times film stock) had historically been the primary medium for recording and displaying motion pictures. Many other terms exist for an individual motion picture, including picture, picture show, photo-play, flick, and most commonly, movie. Additional terms for the field in general Hoyts Movie Times include the big screen, the silver screen, the cinema, and the movies.In the 1860s, mechanisms for producing artificially created, two-dimensional images in motion Hoyts Movie Times were demonstrated with devices such as the zoetrope and the praxinoscope. These machines were outgrowths Hoyts Movie Times of simple optical devices (such as magic lanterns) and would display sequences of still pictures at sufficient speed for the images on the pictures to appear to be moving, a phenomenon called persistence of vision. Hoyts Movie Times Naturally, Hoyts Movie Times the images needed to be carefully designed to achieve the desired effect � and the underlying principle became the basis for the development of film animation.
A frame Hoyts Movie Times from Roundhay Garden Scene, the world's earliest film, by Louis Le Prince, 1888
With the Hoyts Movie Times development of celluloid film for still photography, Hoyts Movie Times it became possible to directly capture objects in motion in real time. Hoyts Movie Times Early versions of the technology sometimes Hoyts Movie Times required a person to look into a viewing machine to Hoyts Movie Times see the pictures Hoyts Movie Times which were separate paper prints attached to a drum turned by a handcrank. The pictures were shown Hoyts Movie Times at a variable speed of about 5 to 10 pictures per second Hoyts Movie Times depending on how rapidly the crank was Hoyts Movie Times turned. Some of these machines were coin operated. By the 1880s, the development of Hoyts Movie Times the motion picture camera allowed the individual component images to be captured and stored on a single reel, and Hoyts Movie Times led Hoyts Movie Times quickly to the Hoyts Movie Times development of a motion picture projector to shine Hoyts Movie Times light through the processed and printed film Hoyts Movie Times and magnify these "moving Hoyts Movie Times picture shows" Hoyts Movie Times onto a screen for an entire audience. These reels, so exhibited, Hoyts Movie Times came to Hoyts Movie Times be known as "motion pictures". Early motion pictures were static shots that showed an event or action with no editing or other cinematic techniques.
Ignoring Dickson's Hoyts Movie Times early sound experiments (1894), commercial motion Hoyts Movie Times pictures were Hoyts Movie Times purely visual art through the late 19th century, but these innovative silent films had gained a hold on the Hoyts Movie Times public imagination. Around the turn of the twentieth Hoyts Movie Times century, films began developing a narrative structure by stringing scenes together to tell narratives. The scenes were later broken Hoyts Movie Times up into multiple shots of Hoyts Movie Times varying sizes and angles. Other techniques such as camera movement were realized as effective ways to portray Hoyts Movie Times a story on film. Rather than leave the audience in silence, theater owners would hire a Hoyts Movie Times pianist Hoyts Movie Times or organist or a full orchestra to Hoyts Movie Times play music fitting the mood of the film at any given moment. By Hoyts Movie Times the early 1920s, most Hoyts Movie Times films came Hoyts Movie Times with a prepared list of sheet music for this purpose, with complete film scores being composed for major productions.
A shot from Georges Melies Le Voyage dans la Lune (A Trip to the Moon) (1902), an early Hoyts Movie Times narrative film.
The rise of European cinema was interrupted by the breakout of World War I while the film Hoyts Movie Times industry in Hoyts Movie Times United States flourished with Hoyts Movie Times the Hoyts Movie Times rise of Hollywood. However in the 1920s, European filmmakers such as Sergei Eisenstein, F. W. Murnau, and Fritz Lang, along with American innovator D. W. Hoyts Movie Times Griffith and the contributions of Charles Chaplin, Buster Keaton and others, continued to advance the medium. Hoyts Movie Times In the 1920s, new technology allowed filmmakers to attach to each film a soundtrack of speech, music and sound effects synchronized with the action Hoyts Movie Times on the screen. These sound films were initially distinguished by calling them "talking pictures", or talkies.
The next major step in the development of cinema was the introduction of so-called "natural" color. While the addition of sound quickly eclipsed silent film Hoyts Movie Times and theater musicians, color was adopted more gradually as methods evolved making it more practical and cost effective to produce "natural color" films. The public was relatively indifferent to color photography as opposed to black-and-white,[citation needed] but as color processes improved and became as affordable as Hoyts Movie Times black-and-white film, Hoyts Movie Times more and more Hoyts Movie Times movies were filmed in color after the end of Hoyts Movie Times World War II, as the industry in America came to Hoyts Movie Times view color as essential to attracting audiences in its competition with television, which remained a black-and-white medium until the mid-1960s. By the end of the 1960s, col
Since the decline of the studio system in the 1960s, the succeeding decades saw changes in the Hoyts Movie Times production and style of film. New Hollywood, French New Wave and the rise of film school Windows Movie Maker Animated Movie educated Hoyts Movie Times independent filmmakers were all part of the changes the medium experienced Hoyts Movie Times in the latter Hoyts Movie Times half of the 20th century. Digital technology has Hoyts Movie Times been the driving force in change throughout the 1990s and into the 21st century.
Theory
Main Hoyts Movie Times article: Film theory
Film theory seeks to develop Hoyts Movie Times concise and systematic concepts that apply to the study of film as art. It was started by Ricciotto Canudo's The Birth of the Hoyts Movie Times Sixth Art. Hoyts Movie Times Formalist film theory, led by Rudolf Arnheim, Hoyts Movie Times Bela Balazs, and Siegfried Kracauer, emphasized how film differed from Hoyts Movie Times reality, and thus could be considered a valid fine art. Andre Bazin reacted against this theory by arguing that film's artistic essence lay in its ability to mechanically reproduce reality not in its differences from reality, and this gave rise to realist theory. More recent analysis spurred by Lacan's psychoanalysis and Ferdinand de Hoyts Movie Times Saussure's Walkabout Movie semiotics among other things Hoyts Movie Times has given Hoyts Movie Times rise to psychoanalytical film theory, structuralist film theory, feminist film theory and Hoyts Movie Times others.
Criticism
Main Hoyts Movie Times article: Film criticism
Film criticism Hoyts Movie Times is the analysis and evaluation of films. In Hoyts Movie Times general, these works can be divided into two categories: academic criticism by film scholars Hoyts Movie Times and journalistic film criticism that appears regularly in newspapers and other media.
Film critics working for newspapers, magazines, and broadcast media mainly review new releases. Normally they only see any given film once and have only a day or two to formulate opinions. Despite this, Hoyts Movie Times critics have an important impact on Hoyts Movie Times films, especially those of certain genres. Mass marketed action, horror, and comedy films tend Hoyts Movie Times not to be greatly affected Hoyts Movie Times by a critic's overall judgment of a film. The Hoyts Movie Times plot summary and description Hoyts Movie Times of a film that makes up the majority of any film review can still have an important impact on whether Hoyts Movie Times people decide Hoyts Movie Times to see a film. For Hoyts Movie Times prestige films such as most dramas, the Hoyts Movie Times influence of reviews is extremely important. Poor reviews will often Hoyts Movie Times doom a film to obscurity and financial loss.
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The Hoyts Movie Times impact of a reviewer on a Hoyts Movie Times given film's box office performance Hoyts Movie Times is a matter of debate. Some claim that movie marketing is now so intense Hoyts Movie Times and Hoyts Movie Times well financed that reviewers Hoyts Movie Times cannot make an impact against it. However, the cataclysmic failure of Hoyts Movie Times some heavily-promoted movies which were harshly reviewed, as well as the unexpected success of critically praised independent movies indicates that Hoyts Movie Times extreme critical Hoyts Movie Times reactions can have considerable influence. Others note that positive film reviews have been shown to spark interest in little-known films. Conversely, there have been several films in which Hoyts Movie Times film companies have so little confidence that they refuse to give reviewers an advanced viewing to avoid widespread panning of Hoyts Movie Times the film. However, this Hoyts Movie Times usually Hoyts Movie Times backfires as reviewers are wise to the tactic and warn the Hoyts Movie Times public that the film may not be worth seeing and Hoyts Movie Times the films often do poorly as a result.
It is argued that journalist film critics should only be known as film reviewers, Hoyts Movie Times and true film critics are those who take a more academic approach to films. This line Hoyts Movie Times of Hoyts Movie Times work is more often known Hoyts Movie Times as Hoyts Movie Times film theory or film Hoyts Movie Times studies. These film critics attempt to come to understand how film and filming techniques Hoyts Movie Times work, Hoyts Movie Times and what effect they have Hoyts Movie Times on people. Rather than having Hoyts Movie Times their works published in newspapers or appear Hoyts Movie Times on television, their articles are Hoyts Movie Times published in scholarly journals, or sometimes in up-market magazines. They Hoyts Movie Times also tend to Hoyts Movie Times be affiliated with colleges or universities.
Industry
Main article: Film industry
The making and showing of motion pictures became a source of profit almost as soon as the process was invented. Upon seeing how successful their new invention, and its product, was in their native France, the Lumieres quickly set about touring the Continent to exhibit the first films privately to royalty and publicly to the masses. In each country, they would normally add new, local scenes to their catalogue and, quickly enough, found local entrepreneurs in the various countries of Hoyts Movie Times Europe to buy their equipment and photograph, export, import and Hoyts Movie Times Sterling Il Movie Theaters screen additional product commercially. The Oberammergau Passion Play of 1898[citation needed] was the first commercial motion picture ever Hoyts Movie Times produced. Other Hoyts Movie Times pictures Hoyts Movie Times soon followed, and motion pictures became a separate industry that overshadowed the vaudeville world. Dedicated theaters Hoyts Movie Times and companies formed specifically Hoyts Movie Times to produce and distribute films, while Hoyts Movie Times motion picture actors became major celebrities and commanded huge fees for their performances. Already by 1917, Hoyts Movie Times Charlie Chaplin had a contract that called Hoyts Movie Times for an annual salary of one million dollars.
In Hoyts Movie Times the United States today, much Hoyts Movie Times of the film Hoyts Movie Times industry is centered around Hollywood. Hoyts Movie Times Other regional centers exist in many parts of the world, such as Mumbai-centered Bollywood, the Indian film industry's Hindi cinema which produces the largest number of films in the world.[1] Whether the ten thousand-plus feature length films a year produced by Hoyts Movie Times the Valley pornographic film industry should qualify for this title is the Hoyts Movie Times source of some debate.[citation needed] Though the expense involved in making movies has led Hoyts Movie Times cinema production to concentrate under the auspices of movie studios, recent advances in affordable film making equipment have Hoyts Movie Times allowed independent Hoyts Movie Times film productions to flourish.
Profit is a key force in the industry, due to the Hoyts Movie Times costly and risky nature of filmmaking; many films Hoyts Movie Times have large cost overruns, a notorious example being Kevin Hoyts Movie Times Costner's Waterworld. Yet many filmmakers strive to create works of lasting social significance. The Academy Awards Hoyts Movie Times (also known as "the Oscars") are the most prominent film awards in the United States, providing recognition each year to Hoyts Movie Times films, ostensibly based on Hoyts Movie Times their artistic merits.
There is Hoyts Movie Times also a large industry for educational and instructional films made in lieu of or in addition to lectures and texts.
Preview
A preview Hoyts Movie Times performance refers to a Hoyts Movie Times showing of a movie Hoyts Movie Times to a select audience, usually for the purposes of corporate promotions, before the public film Hoyts Movie Times premiere itself. Previews are sometimes used Hoyts Movie Times to judge audience reaction, Hoyts Movie Times which if unexpectedly negative, may result in recutting or Hoyts Movie Times even refilming certain sections. (cf Audience response.)
Trailer
Main article: Trailer (film)
Trailers Hoyts Movie Times or Hoyts Movie Times previews are film advertisements for Hoyts Movie Times films that will be exhibited in the future at a cinema, on whose screen they are shown. The term "trailer" comes from their having originally been shown at the end of a film programme. That practice did not last long, because patrons tended to leave the theater after the films ended, but the Hoyts Movie Times name has stuck. Trailers are now shown before the film (or the A movie in a double feature program) Hoyts Movie Times begins.
The nature of the film determines the size and type of crew required during filmmaking. Many Hollywood Hoyts Movie Times adventure films need computer generated imagery (CGI), created by dozens of 3D modellers, animators, Hoyts Movie Times rotoscopers and compositors. However, a low-budget, independent film may be made with a skeleton crew, often paid very little. Also, an Hoyts Movie Times open source film may be produced through open, collaborative processes. Filmmaking takes place all over the world using different technologies, styles of acting Hoyts Movie Times and genre, and is produced in a variety of Hoyts Movie Times economic contexts that range from state-sponsored Hoyts Movie Times documentary in Hoyts Movie Times China to profit-oriented movie making within the American studio system.
This Hoyts Movie Times production cycle Hoyts Movie Times typically takes three years. The first year is taken up with development. The second year comprises preproduction and production. Hoyts Movie Times The third year, post-production and distribution.
Crew
Main article: Film crew
A film crew is a group of people Hoyts Movie Times hired by a film Hoyts Movie Times company, employed during the "production" or "photography" phase, for the purpose of producing a film or motion picture. Crew are Hoyts Movie Times distinguished from cast, the actors who appear in front of the camera or provide Hoyts Movie Times voices for characters in the Hoyts Movie Times film. The crew interacts with but is also distinct Hoyts Movie Times from the production Hoyts Movie Times staff, Hoyts Movie Times consisting of Hoyts Movie Times producers, managers, company representatives, their assistants, and those Hoyts Movie Times whose primary Hoyts Movie Times responsibility Hoyts Movie Times falls in pre-production or post-production phases, such as writers and editors. Hoyts Movie Times Communication between production and crew generally passes through the director and his/her staff Hoyts Movie Times of assistants. Medium-to-large crews are generally divided into departments with well defined hierarchies and standards for interaction and cooperation between the departments. Other than acting, the crew handles everything in the photography phase: Hoyts Movie Times props and costumes, shooting, sound, electrics (i.e., lights), sets, and production special effects. Caterers (known in the film industry as "craft services") are usually not considered part of the crew.
Technology
Film stock consists of transparent Hoyts Movie Times celluloid, acetate, or polyester base coated with an emulsion containing light-sensitive chemicals. Cellulose nitrate was the first type of film base used to record motion pictures, but due to its flammability was eventually replaced by safer materials. Stock widths and the film format for images on the Hoyts Movie Times reel have had a rich history, though most large commercial films are still shot on (and distributed to theaters) as 35 mm prints.
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Originally moving picture film was shot and projected at various speeds using hand-cranked cameras and projectors; Hoyts Movie Times though 1000 frames per minute (16? frame/s) is generally cited as a standard silent speed, research indicates most Hoyts Movie Times films were shot between 16 frame/s and 23 frame/s and Hoyts Movie Times projected Hoyts Movie Times from 18 frame/s on up Hoyts Movie Times (often reels included instructions on how fast each scene should be shown) [1]. When Hoyts Movie Times sound film was introduced in Hoyts Movie Times the late 1920s, a constant speed was required for the sound head. 24 frames per second was chosen because it was the slowest Hoyts Movie Times (and thus cheapest) Hoyts Movie Times speed Hoyts Movie Times which Hoyts Movie Times allowed for sufficient sound quality. Improvements since the late 19th century include the mechanization of cameras � allowing them to record at a consistent speed, quiet Hoyts Movie Times camera design � Hoyts Movie Times allowing sound recorded on-set to be usable without requiring large "blimps" Hoyts Movie Times to encase the camera, Hoyts Movie Times the invention of more sophisticated filmstocks and lenses, allowing directors to film in increasingly dim conditions, and the development of synchronized sound, allowing sound to be recorded at exactly Hoyts Movie Times the same Hoyts Movie Times speed as its corresponding action. The soundtrack can be recorded separately from shooting the film, but for live-action pictures Hoyts Movie Times many parts of the soundtrack are usually recorded simultaneously.
As a medium, Hoyts Movie Times film is not limited Hoyts Movie Times to motion pictures, since the technology developed as the basis for photography. It Hoyts Movie Times can be used to present a progressive sequence of Hoyts Movie Times still images in the form of a slideshow. Film has also been incorporated into multimedia presentations, and often has importance as primary historical documentation. However, historic films have problems Hoyts Movie Times in terms of preservation and storage, and the motion picture Hoyts Movie Times industry is exploring many alternatives. Most movies on cellulose nitrate base have been copied onto modern safety films. Some studios save color films through the Loew S Movie Theater use of separation masters � three B&W negatives each exposed through red, green, or blue filters (essentially a reverse of Hoyts Movie Times the Technicolor process). Digital methods have also Hoyts Movie Times been used to restore films, although their continued obsolescence cycle makes them (as of 2006) Hoyts Movie Times a poor choice for long-term Hoyts Movie Times preservation. Film preservation of decaying film stock is Hoyts Movie Times a matter of concern to both film historians and archivists, and to companies interested in preserving their existing products in order to make them Hoyts Movie Times available to future generations (and thereby increase revenue). Preservation is generally a higher-concern for nitrate and single-strip color films, due to their high decay rates; black and white films on safety bases and Hoyts Movie Times color films preserved on Technicolor imbibition prints tend to keep up much better, Hoyts Movie Times assuming Hoyts Movie Times proper Hoyts Movie Times handling and storage.
Some films Hoyts Movie Times in recent Hoyts Movie Times decades have been recorded using analog video technology Hoyts Movie Times similar to that used in television production. Modern digital video cameras Hoyts Movie Times and Hoyts Movie Times digital projectors are gaining ground as well. These approaches are extremely beneficial to moviemakers, especially because footage can be evaluated and edited without waiting for the film stock to be processed. Yet the migration is gradual, Hoyts Movie Times and as of 2005 Hoyts Movie Times most major motion pictures are still recorded on film.
Independent
Main article: Independent film
The Lumiere Brothers
Independent Hoyts Movie Times filmmaking often takes place outside of Hollywood, or other major studio systems. An independent film (or indie film) is a film Hoyts Movie Times initially produced without financing or distribution from a major movie studio. Creative, business, Hoyts Movie Times and technological reasons have all contributed to the growth of the indie film scene in the late 20th and early 21st century.
On the business side, the Hoyts Movie Times costs of Hoyts Movie Times big-budget studio films Hoyts Movie Times also leads to conservative choices in cast and crew. There is a trend Hoyts Movie Times in Hollywood towards co-financing (over two-thirds of the films put out Hoyts Movie Times by Warner Hoyts Movie Times Bros. in 2000 were joint ventures, up from 10% in 1987).[2] A hopeful director is Hoyts Movie Times almost never given Hoyts Movie Times the opportunity Hoyts Movie Times to Hoyts Movie Times get a job on a big-budget studio film unless he or she has significant industry experience in film or television. Also, the Hoyts Movie Times studios rarely produce films with unknown actors, particularly in lead roles.
Before the advent Hoyts Movie Times of digital alternatives, the cost of professional film equipment and stock was also a hurdle to being able to produce, Hoyts Movie Times direct, or star Hoyts Movie Times in a traditional studio film. The cost Hoyts Movie Times of 35 mm film is outpacing inflation: in 2002 alone, film negative costs were up 23%, according to Variety.[2].
But the advent of consumer camcorders in 1985, and more importantly, Hoyts Movie Times the arrival of high-resolution digital video in the early 1990s, Hoyts Movie Times have lowered the technology barrier to movie production significantly. Both production Hoyts Movie Times and post-production costs have been significantly lowered; today, the hardware and software for post-production can Hoyts Movie Times be Hoyts Movie Times installed in a commodity-based personal Hoyts Movie Times computer. Technologies such as DVDs, FireWire connections and non-linear editing system pro-level software like Adobe Premiere Pro, Hoyts Movie Times Sony Vegas and Apple's Final Cut Hoyts Movie Times Pro, and consumer level software such as Apple's Final Cut Express and iMovie Hoyts Movie Times make movie-making Hoyts Movie Times relatively inexpensive.
Since the introduction Hoyts Movie Times of DV technology, the means Hoyts Movie Times of production have become more democratized. Filmmakers can conceivably shoot and edit a movie, create and edit the sound and music, and mix the final cut on a home computer. However, while the means of production may be democratized, financing, distribution, and marketing remain difficult to accomplish outside the traditional system. Most independent Hoyts Movie Times filmmakers rely on film festivals to get their films noticed and sold for distribution. The arrival of internet-based video outlets such as YouTube and Veoh has further changed the film Hoyts Movie Times making landscape in ways that are still Hoyts Movie Times to be Hoyts Movie Times determined.
Open content film
Main article: Open content film
An open content film is much like an independent film, but it is produced through open collaborations; its source material is available under a license which is permissive enough to allow other parties to create fan fiction or derivative works, than a traditional copyright. Like independent filmmaking, open source filmmaking takes place outside of Hollywood, or other major Hoyts Movie Times studio systems.
Fan film
Main article: Fan film
A fan film is a film or video inspired by a film, television program, comic Hoyts Movie Times book or Hoyts Movie Times a similar source, created by fans rather than by the source's copyright holders Hoyts Movie Times or creators. Fan filmmakers have traditionally been amateurs, but some Hoyts Movie Times of the more notable films have actually been produced by professional filmmakers as film school class projects or as demonstration reels. Fan films vary tremendously in length, from short faux-teaser trailers for non-existent motion pictures to rarer full-length motion pictures
Animation Hoyts Movie Times is the technique in which each frame of a film is produced individually, whether Hoyts Movie Times generated as a computer graphic, or by photographing a drawn image, Hoyts Movie Times or by repeatedly making small changes to a model unit (see claymation and Hoyts Movie Times stop motion), and Hoyts Movie Times then photographing Hoyts Movie Times Rialto Movie Theater the result with a special animation camera. When the frames are strung together and Hoyts Movie Times the resulting film is viewed at a speed of 16 or more frames Hoyts Movie Times per second, there Home Theater Movie Screen is an illusion of continuous movement (due to the persistence of vision). Generating such a film is Aaa Movie Tickets very labour intensive and tedious, though the development of computer animation has greatly sped up the process.
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File formats like GIF, QuickTime, Shockwave and Flash allow animation to be viewed on a computer or over the Internet.
Because animation Hoyts Movie Times is very time-consuming and often very expensive to produce, the majority of animation for TV and movies comes from professional animation studios. However, the field of independent animation has existed at least since the 1950s, with animation being produced by independent studios (and sometimes by a single person). Hoyts Movie Times Several independent animation producers Hoyts Movie Times have gone on to enter the professional animation industry.
Limited animation is a way of increasing production and decreasing costs of animation by using Hoyts Movie Times "short cuts" in the animation process. This method was pioneered by UPA and popularized by Hanna-Barbera, and adapted by other studios as cartoons Hoyts Movie Times moved Hoyts Movie Times from movie theaters to television.[3]
Although most animation studios are now using Hoyts Movie Times digital technologies in their productions, there is a specific style of animation that depends on film. Cameraless animation, Hoyts Movie Times made famous by moviemakers like Norman McLaren, Len Lye and Stan Brakhage, is painted and drawn directly onto pieces of film, and then run through a projector.
Venues
When it is initially produced, a feature film is often shown to audiences in a Hoyts Movie Times movie theater or cinema. The first theater designed Hoyts Movie Times exclusively for cinema opened in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in 1905.[4] Thousands of such theaters were built Hoyts Movie Times or Hoyts Movie Times converted from existing facilities within a few years.[5] In Hoyts Movie Times the United States, these theaters came to be known as nickelodeons, because admission typically Hoyts Movie Times cost a nickel (five cents).
Typically, one film is Hoyts Movie Times the featured presentation (or feature Hoyts Movie Times film). Hoyts Movie Times Before the 1970s, there were "double features"; typically, Hoyts Movie Times a high Hoyts Movie Times quality "A picture" rented by an independent theater for a lump sum, and a "B picture" of lower quality rented for a percentage of the gross receipts. Today, the bulk of the material shown before the feature film consists of previews for Hoyts Movie Times upcoming movies and Hoyts Movie Times paid advertisements (also known as trailers or "The Twenty").
Historically, Hoyts Movie Times all mass marketed feature films were made to be shown in movie theaters. The development of television has allowed films to be broadcast to larger audiences, usually after the film is no longer being shown in theaters. Recording technology has also enabled consumers to rent or buy copies of films on VHS or DVD (and the older formats of laserdisc, VCD Hoyts Movie Times and SelectaVision � see also videodisc), and Internet downloads may be available and have started to become revenue sources for the film companies. Some films are now Hoyts Movie Times made specifically for these other venues, being released as made-for-TV movies or direct-to-video movies. The production values on these films are often considered to be of Hoyts Movie Times inferior quality compared to theatrical releases in similar genres, and indeed, some films that are rejected by their own studios Hoyts Movie Times upon Hoyts Movie Times completion are distributed through these markets.
The Hoyts Movie Times movie theater pays an average of about 50-55% of its ticket sales to the Hoyts Movie Times movie studio, as film rental fees.[6] The actual percentage starts with a number higher than Hoyts Movie Times that, and decreases as the duration of a film's Hoyts Movie Times showing continues, as an incentive to Hoyts Movie Times theaters to keep movies in the theater longer. However, today's barrage of highly marketed movies ensures that most movies are shown in first-run theaters for less than 8 weeks. There are a few movies every year that defy this rule, often limited-release movies that Hoyts Movie Times start in only a few theaters and actually grow their theater count through good word-of-mouth and reviews. Hoyts Movie Times According to a Hoyts Movie Times 2000 study by ABN AMRO, about 26% of Hoyts Movie Times Hollywood movie Hoyts Movie Times studios' worldwide income came from box office ticket sales; 46% came from VHS and DVD sales to Hoyts Movie Times consumers; and 28% came from Hoyts Movie Times television (broadcast, cable, and pay-per-view).[6]
Future state
While Hoyts Movie Times motion picture films have been around for more Hoyts Movie Times than a century, film is still Hoyts Movie Times a relative newcomer in the pantheon of fine arts. In the 1950s, Hoyts Movie Times when television became widely available, Hoyts Movie Times industry analysts Hoyts Movie Times predicted the demise of local movie theaters. Hoyts Movie Times Despite competition from Hoyts Movie Times television's increasing technological sophistication over the 1960s and Hoyts Movie Times 1970s, such as the development of color television and large screens, motion picture cinemas Hoyts Movie Times continued. In the 1980s, when the Hoyts Movie Times widespread availability of inexpensive videocassette recorders enabled people to select films for home viewing, industry analysts again wrongly predicted Hoyts Movie Times the death of the Hoyts Movie Times local cinemas.
In the 1990s and 2000s the development of digital DVD players, home Hoyts Movie Times theater amplification systems with surround sound and subwoofers, and large LCD or plasma screens enabled people to select and view films at home with greatly improved audio and Hoyts Movie Times visual reproduction. These Hoyts Movie Times new technologies provided audio and visual that in the past only local cinemas Hoyts Movie Times had been able to provide: a large, clear widescreen presentation of a Hoyts Movie Times film Hoyts Movie Times with Hoyts Movie Times a full-range, high-quality multi-speaker sound system. Once again industry analysts Hoyts Movie Times predicted the demise of the local cinema. Local cinemas will be changing Hoyts Movie Times in the 2000s and moving Hoyts Movie Times towards Hoyts Movie Times digital screens, a new approach which will allow for easier and Hoyts Movie Times quicker distribution of films Hoyts Movie Times (via satellite or hard disks), a development Hoyts Movie Times which may give local theaters a reprieve from their predicted demise.
The cinema now faces a new challenge from home video by the likes of a new DVD format Blu-ray, which can provide full HD 1080p video playback at near cinema quality. Video formats are gradually catching up with the resolutions and quality that film offers, 1080p in Hoyts Movie Times Blu-ray offers a pixel resolution of 1920?1080 a leap from the DVD offering of 720?480 and Hoyts Movie Times the paltry 330?480 offered by the first home video standard VHS. Hoyts Movie Times The maximum resolutions that film currently offers are Hoyts Movie Times 2485?2970 or 1420?3390, UHD, a future digital video format, will offer a massive Hoyts Movie Times resolution of 7680?4320, surpassing all current film resolutions. The only viable competitor to these new innovations is Hoyts Movie Times IMAX which can play film content at Hoyts Movie Times an extreme 10000?7000 resolution.
Despite the rise of all new Hoyts Movie Times technologies, the development of the home video market Hoyts Movie Times and a surge of online piracy, 2007 was Hoyts Movie Times a Hoyts Movie Times record year in film that showed the highest ever box-office grosses. Many expected film to suffer as a result Hoyts Movie Times of the effects Hoyts Movie Times listed above but it has flourished, strengthening film studio expectations for the future. |
