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For a marketing plan to be successful, the mix of the four "Ps" Inexpensive Cheap Costa Rica Travel must reflect the wants and desires of the consumers or Shoppers in the target market. Trying to convince a market segment Inexpensive Cheap Costa Rica Travel to buy something they don't want is extremely expensive and seldom Inexpensive Cheap Costa Rica Travel successful. Marketers Inexpensive Cheap Costa Rica Travel depend on insights Inexpensive Cheap Costa Rica Travel from marketing research, both formal and informal, to determine what consumers want and what Inexpensive Cheap Costa Rica Travel they Inexpensive Cheap Costa Rica Travel are willing to pay Inexpensive Cheap Costa Rica Travel for. Marketers hope that this process will give them a sustainable competitive advantage. Marketing management Inexpensive Cheap Costa Rica Travel is the practical application of this process. The offer is also an important addition Inexpensive Cheap Costa Rica Travel to the 4P's theory.
Within most organizations, the activities encompassed by the marketing function are led by a Vice President or Director of Marketing. A growing number of organizations, especially large US companies, have a Inexpensive Cheap Costa Rica Travel Chief Marketing Officer position, reporting to the Chief Executive Officer.
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The American Marketing Association (AMA) states, �Marketing is the activity, set of institutions, and processes for creating, communicating, delivering, and exchanging offerings that Inexpensive Cheap Costa Rica Travel have value for customers, clients, partners, and society Inexpensive Cheap Costa Rica Travel at large.".
Marketing methods are informed by many of the social sciences, particularly psychology, sociology, and economics. Anthropology is also a small, Inexpensive Cheap Costa Rica Travel but Inexpensive Cheap Costa Rica Travel growing influence. Market research underpins these activities. Through advertising, it is also related to many of Inexpensive Cheap Costa Rica Travel the creative arts. Marketing is a wide Inexpensive Cheap Costa Rica Travel and heavily interconnected subject with extensive Inexpensive Cheap Costa Rica Travel publications. It is also an area of activity infamous for re-inventing itself and its Inexpensive Cheap Costa Rica Travel vocabulary according to the Inexpensive Cheap Costa Rica Travel times and the culture.
Many companies today have a customer focus (or customer orientation). This implies that the company focuses its activities and products Inexpensive Cheap Costa Rica Travel on consumer demands. Generally there are three ways of Inexpensive Cheap Costa Rica Travel doing this: the customer-driven approach, the sense of identifying market changes and the product innovation approach.
In the Inexpensive Cheap Costa Rica Travel consumer-driven approach, Inexpensive Cheap Costa Rica Travel consumer wants are the drivers of all strategic marketing decisions. No strategy is pursued until it Inexpensive Cheap Costa Rica Travel passes the test of consumer research. Every aspect of Inexpensive Cheap Costa Rica Travel a market offering, including the nature Inexpensive Cheap Costa Rica Travel of the product itself, is Inexpensive Cheap Costa Rica Travel driven by the needs of potential consumers. The starting point Inexpensive Cheap Costa Rica Travel is always Inexpensive Cheap Costa Rica Travel the consumer. The rationale for this approach is that there is no point spending R&D funds developing products that people will not buy. History attests to many products that were commercial failures in spite of being technological breakthroughs.
A formal Inexpensive Cheap Costa Rica Travel approach to this customer-focused marketing is known Inexpensive Cheap Costa Rica Travel as SIVA[3] (Solution, Information, Value, Access). This system is basically Inexpensive Cheap Costa Rica Travel the four Ps renamed Inexpensive Cheap Costa Rica Travel and reworded to provide a customer focus.
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The SIVA Inexpensive Cheap Costa Rica Travel Model provides a demand/customer centric version Inexpensive Cheap Costa Rica Travel alternative to the well-known 4Ps supply side model (product, price, place, Inexpensive Cheap Costa Rica Travel promotion) of marketing management.
In a product innovation approach, Inexpensive Cheap Costa Rica Travel the company pursues product innovation, then tries to develop Inexpensive Cheap Costa Rica Travel a market for Inexpensive Cheap Costa Rica Travel the Inexpensive Cheap Costa Rica Travel product. Product innovation drives the process and marketing research is conducted primarily Inexpensive Cheap Costa Rica Travel to ensure that a profitable market segment(s) exists for the innovation. The rationale is that customers may not know what options will be available to them in the future so Inexpensive Cheap Costa Rica Travel we should not expect them to tell Inexpensive Cheap Costa Rica Travel us what they will buy in the future. However, marketers can aggressively over-pursue product innovation Inexpensive Cheap Costa Rica Travel and try to overcapitalize on Inexpensive Cheap Costa Rica Travel a Inexpensive Cheap Costa Rica Travel niche. When pursuing Inexpensive Cheap Costa Rica Travel a product innovation approach, marketers must ensure that they have a varied Inexpensive Cheap Costa Rica Travel and multi-tiered approach to product innovation. It is claimed that if Thomas Edison depended on marketing research he would have produced larger candles rather than inventing light bulbs. Many firms, such as research Inexpensive Cheap Costa Rica Travel and Inexpensive Cheap Costa Rica Travel development focused companies, successfully focus on product innovation (Such as Nintendo who constantly change the way Video games are played). Many purists doubt whether this is really a form of marketing orientation at all, because of the ex post status of consumer research. Some even question whether it is Inexpensive Cheap Costa Rica Travel marketing. |