A download manager is a computer program dedicated to the task of downloading (and sometime uploading) possibly unrelated stand-alone files from (and sometime to) Usb Download the Internet for storage. This is unlike a World Wide Web browser, which Usb Download is mainly intended to browse web pages, composed of a multitude of smaller files, where error-free moving of files for permanent storage is of Usb Download secondary importance. (A failed or incomplete web page file rarely ruins Usb Download the Usb Download page.) The typical download Usb Download manager at a minimum provides means to recover from errors without losing the work already completed, and can optionally split the file to be downloaded (or uploaded) into Usb Download 2 or more segments, which are then moved in parallel, potentially making the process faster within the limits of the available bandwidth. (A few servers are known to block moving files in parallel segments, on the principle that server capacity should be shared equally by all users.) Usb Download Multi-source is the name given to files that are downloaded in parallel.
There are several things that some web browsers are not very good at. That's where the download managers enter Usb Download the equation:
Pausing the downloading Usb Download of large files.
Resuming broken Usb Download or paused downloads (especially for very large files).
Downloading files on Usb Download poor connections.
Downloading several files from a site automatically according to simple rules (file types, updated files, etc. - see Usb Download also Offline Browser).
Automatic Usb Download recursive downloads (mirroring).
Scheduled downloads (including, automatic hang-up and shutdown).
Searching for mirror sites, and the handling of different connections to Usb Download download the same file more quickly (segmented downloading).
Download managers are useful for active Internet users. For dial-up Usb Download users, they can automatically dial the internet service Usb Download provider at night, when rates or tariffs are usually Usb Download lower, download the specified files, and hang-up. They can record which links the user clicks Usb Download on during the day, and queue these files for later download. For broadband users, download managers can help download very large files by resuming broken downloads, by limiting Usb Download the bandwidth used, Usb Download so that other internet activities are not affected (slowed) and the server is not overloaded, or by automatically navigating a site and downloading pre-specified content (photo galleries, MP3 collections, etc.) this can also include automatically downloading whole sites and regularly updating them (see Mirroring).
Many download Usb Download managers support Usb Download Metalink, Usb Download an XML file listing mirrors, Usb Download checksums, and other information useful for downloading.
See below for some examples of Usb Download commonly used download managers. Some downloaders are optimized for a certain function. For example, Offline Explorer is designed to download entire websites.
Download managers, such Usb Download as Go!Zilla, were among the first adware applications displaying a banner Usb Download ad in the user interface.
Related to download Usb Download managers are two other breeds of Internet programs, file-sharing peer-to-peer applications (Kazaa, eMule, BitTorrent, Gnutella) and stream recorders (such as StreamBox VCR).
While download managers are designed to give users greater control over downloads, Usb Download some downloaders are created to give that control to content distributors instead. Download Salsa Music Htm Some software companies, for example Adobe [1], provide such downloaders for Usb Download downloading software on their own site. Presumably this increases reliability and reduces tech support costs to them. A Usb Download possible reason is increasing the control Usb Download over redistribution of their software Usb Download (even when the Usb Download software is freeware).In computer technology and telecommunication, on-line and off-line Doctor Spyware Download Free Scan are defined by Federal Usb Download Standard 1037C. They are states or conditions of a Usb Download "device Usb Download or equipment" or of "a functional unit". To be considered Usb Download on-line, a device must be at least one of:
"Under the direct control of another device"
"Under the direct control of the system with which it is associated"
"Available for immediate Usb Download use on demand by the system without human intervention"
"Connected to a Usb Download system, and is in operation"
"Functional and ready for service"
while Usb Download a device that is off-line is not (e.g. it has "its main power Usb Download source disconnected or turned off", and is "off-power").
One example of a common use of these concepts is a Mail User Agent that can be instructed to be in either "on-line" or "off-line" states. One such MUA is Microsoft Outlook. When it is Usb Download "on-line" it will attempt to connect to mail servers (to Usb Download check for new mail at regular intervals, for example), and when it Usb Download is "off-line" it will not attempt to make any such connections. The "on-line" or "off-line" state of the MUA does not Usb Download necessarily reflect the connection status between the computer on which it is running and Internet. Usb Download The user may have the Usb Download computer itself on-line, connected to Internet via a cable modem or an ADSL connection, but may wish for Outlook Usb Download to be off-line, so that it makes no attempt to send or to receive messages. Usb Download Or the computer may be configured to Usb Download employ Usb Download a dial-up connection on demand (whenever an application Usb Download such as Outlook attempts to make connection to a server), but the connection may be an expensive telephone call from the particular location in which the computer currently Usb Download happens to be (such as a hotel room) and Usb Download the user may Usb Download not wish Outlook to trigger making that Usb Download call every 5 Microsoft Spyware Download or 10 minutes to check for mail.[1]
Another Usb Download example of the use of these Usb Download concepts is Usb Download in the world of Usb Download digital audio technology. A tape recorder, digital editor, or other device that is Usb Download "on-line" is one whose Usb Download clock is under the control of the clock of a "synchronization master" device. When Usb Download the sync master commences playback, the "on-line" Usb Download device automatically synchronizes itself to the master and commences playing from the same point in Usb Download the recording. Whereas a device that Free Download Adware Ad Aware is "off-line" uses no external clock reference and relies upon its own internal clock. When a large number of devices are connected to a sync master, it is often convenient, if one wants to Usb Download hear just Usb Download the output of one single device, to Usb Download take it off-line, because Usb Download if Download Southern Gospel Music Htm the device is played back on-line all synchronized devices have to Usb Download locate the playback point and wait for each other to be in synchronization.[2] (For further related discussion, see MIDI timecode, word sync, and recording system Usb Download synchronization.)
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A third example of a common use of these concepts is a Usb Download web Usb Download browser Usb Download that can be instructed to be in either "on-line" Usb Download or "off-line" states. The browser only attempts to fetch pages from Usb Download servers whilst in the "on-line" state. In Usb Download the "off-line" state, Usb Download users can perform offline browsing, where pages can be browsed using local copies of those pages Usb Download that have previously been downloaded whilst in the "on-line" state. This can be useful when the computer itself is also off-line, with Usb Download connection to Internet expensive or impossible. The pages are either downloaded implicitly into the Usb Download web browser's own cache, as a result of prior on-line browsing by the user, Usb Download or explicitly by the Usb Download browser being configured to keep local copies of Usb Download certain web pages, Usb Download which it keeps updated when the browser is in the on-line state, either by Usb Download checking Usb Download that the local copies are up-to-date at regular intervals or by checking that the local copies are up-to-date Usb Download whenever the browser is switched to the on-line state. One such web browser capable Usb Download of being explicitly configured to download pages for offline browsing is Internet Explorer. When pages are Usb Download added to the "Favourites" list, they can be marked for being made "available for offline browsing". Usb Download Internet Explorer will download to local copies Usb Download both the marked page and, optionally, all of the pages that it links to. In Internet Explorer version 6, the level of direct and indirect Usb Download links, the maximum amount Usb Download of local disc space allowed to be consumed, and the schedule Download Free Simfarm on which local copies are checked to see whether they are up-to-date, are configurable for each individual "Favourite" entry.
See also:
Offline browsing known as "Offline favourites" was removed as a feature in the Usb Download most recent version of Internet Explorer 7, which only now supports single web page saving, but not browsing or storing an entire Usb Download site offline.[citation needed]
Similarly, off-line storage Usb Download is computer storage that is not "available Usb Download for Usb Download immediate use on demand by the system without human intervention", Usb Download i.e it is storage that is off-line.
The ideas of "on-line" and "off-line" have been generalized from Usb Download computing and telecommunication into the Usb Download field of human interpersonal relationships. The Usb Download distinction between what is Usb Download considered "on-line" and what is considered "off-line" has become Usb Download a subject of study Usb Download in the field of Usb Download sociology.[7]
The distinction between "on-line" and "off-line" is conventionally seen as the Free Download Macromedia Projector distinction between computer-mediated communication and face-to-face communication (e.g. face time), respectively. "On-line" is virtuality, and "off-line" is reality (e.g. real life or meatspace). Slater Usb Download states Usb Download that this distinction is "obviously far too simple". To support his argument Usb Download that the distinctions in relationships Usb Download are more Usb Download complex than a simple "on-line"/"off-line" dichotomy, he observes that some people draw no distinction between an "on-line" relationship, such as indulging in cybersex, and an "off-line" relationship, such as being pen-pals. He also Shockwave Macromedia Download argues that even the telephone can Usb Download be regarded as an "on-line" experience in Usb Download some circumstances, and that the blurring of the distinctions between the uses of various technologies (such as PDA and Usb Download mobile telephone, Usb Download television and Internet, and telephone and voice-over-IP) has made it "impossible to use the term 'on-line' meaningfully in Usb Download the sense that was employed by the first generation of Internet research".[7]
Slater Usb Download asserts that there are legal and regulatory pressures to reduce the distinction between "on-line" and "off-line", with a "general tendency to assimilate online to offline and erase the distinction", stressing, however, that this does not mean that on-line Usb Download relationships are being reduced to pre-existing off-line relationships. He conjectures that Usb Download greater legal Usb Download status may be assigned to on-line relationships (pointing out that contractual relationships, such Usb Download as business transactions, on-line are already seen as Usb Download just as "real" as their off-line counterparts), although he states it to be hard to imagine courts awarding palimony to people who Usb Download have had a purely on-line sexual relationship. He Usb Download also conjectures Free Download Book that an "on-line"/"off-line" Usb Download distinction may be seen by people as "rather quaint and not quite comprehensible" within 10 years.[7]
The distinction where "on-line" is seen as virtuality and "off-line" as reality is sometimes inverted, Usb Download with "on-line" concepts being used to define and to explain "off-line" activities, rather than (as per the conventions of the desktop metaphor with Usb Download its desktops, trash Usb Download cans, folders, and so forth) the other way around. Several Usb Download cartoons by The New Yorker have satirized this. One includes Saint Peter asking for a user name Usb Download and a password before admitting a man into Heaven. Another illustrates "the off-line Usb Download store" where Usb Download "All items are actual size!", where shoppers Usb Download may Usb Download "Take it home as soon as you pay for it!", Usb Download and where "Merchandise may Usb Download be handled prior Usb Download to purchase!". |
