A download manager is a computer program dedicated to the task of downloading (and sometime uploading) possibly unrelated stand-alone files from (and sometime to) the Internet for storage. This is unlike a World Wide Web browser, which Keywords Free Music Download is mainly intended to browse web pages, composed of a multitude of Keywords Free Music Download smaller files, where error-free moving of Keywords Free Music Download files Keywords Free Music Download for permanent storage Keywords Free Music Download is of secondary importance. (A failed or Keywords Free Music Download incomplete web page file rarely ruins Keywords Free Music Download the page.) The typical download manager at a minimum provides means to recover from errors without Keywords Free Music Download losing the work already completed, and can optionally split the file to be downloaded (or uploaded) Keywords Free Music Download into 2 or more segments, which are then moved in parallel, potentially making the process faster within the limits of the available bandwidth. (A few servers are known to block moving files in parallel segments, on the principle that server capacity should be shared equally by all users.) Multi-source is the name given Keywords Free Music Download to Keywords Free Music Download files that are downloaded in parallel.
There are Keywords Free Music Download several things that some web browsers are not very good at. That's where the download managers enter the equation:
Pausing the downloading of Keywords Free Music Download large files.
Resuming broken or paused downloads (especially for Keywords Free Music Download very large files).
Downloading files on poor connections.
Downloading several files from a site automatically according to simple rules (file types, updated files, etc. - see also Offline Browser).
Automatic recursive downloads (mirroring).
Scheduled downloads (including, automatic hang-up and shutdown).
Searching for mirror sites, and the handling of different connections to download the same file more Keywords Free Music Download quickly (segmented downloading).
Download managers are useful for active Internet users. For dial-up users, they can Keywords Free Music Download automatically dial the internet service provider at night, when rates Keywords Free Music Download or tariffs are usually lower, download the specified files, and hang-up. They can Download Psp Homebrew Games record which links the user clicks on during the day, and Keywords Free Music Download queue these files for later Keywords Free Music Download download. For Download Sat Bulletin Registration Form broadband users, download managers can help download very large files by Keywords Free Music Download resuming broken downloads, by limiting the bandwidth used, so that Keywords Free Music Download other Keywords Free Music Download internet activities are not affected (slowed) and the Keywords Free Music Download server is not overloaded, or by automatically navigating a site and downloading pre-specified content (photo galleries, MP3 collections, etc.) this Keywords Free Music Download can Keywords Free Music Download also include Keywords Free Music Download automatically downloading whole sites and regularly updating them (see Mirroring).
Many download managers support Metalink, an XML file listing mirrors, checksums, and other information useful for downloading.
See below for some examples of commonly used download managers. Some downloaders are optimized for a certain Keywords Free Music Download function. For example, Offline Explorer is designed to download entire websites.
Download managers, such as Keywords Free Music Download Go!Zilla, were among the first adware applications displaying a banner ad in the user interface.
Related to download managers are two other breeds of Keywords Free Music Download Internet programs, file-sharing peer-to-peer applications (Kazaa, eMule, BitTorrent, Keywords Free Music Download Gnutella) and Keywords Free Music Download stream recorders (such as StreamBox VCR).
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While Keywords Free Music Download download managers Keywords Free Music Download are designed to give users greater control over downloads, some downloaders are Keywords Free Music Download created to give that control to content distributors instead. Some software companies, for example Adobe [1], provide such downloaders for downloading software on their own site. Presumably this increases reliability and reduces tech support costs to them. A possible reason is increasing the control over redistribution Keywords Free Music Download of their software (even when the software is freeware).In computer technology and Keywords Free Music Download telecommunication, on-line and Keywords Free Music Download off-line are defined by Federal Standard 1037C. They are states or conditions of Keywords Free Music Download a "device or Keywords Free Music Download equipment" Keywords Free Music Download or of "a functional unit". Keywords Free Music Download To be considered on-line, Emulator Download a device must be Keywords Free Music Download at least one of:
"Under the Keywords Free Music Download direct control of another device"
"Under the direct control of the system with which it is associated"
"Available for immediate use on demand by the system without Keywords Free Music Download human intervention"
"Connected to a system, and is Keywords Free Music Download in operation"
"Functional and ready for service"
while a device that is off-line is not Bourne Supremacy Soundtrack Mp3 Download (e.g. it has "its main power source disconnected or turned off", and is "off-power").
One example of a common use of these concepts is a Mail Keywords Free Music Download User Agent that can be instructed to be in either "on-line" or "off-line" states. One such Keywords Free Music Download MUA is Microsoft Outlook. When it is "on-line" it will attempt Keywords Free Music Download to connect to mail servers (to check for new mail at regular intervals, for example), and when it is "off-line" it will not attempt to make any such connections. The "on-line" or "off-line" Keywords Free Music Download state of the MUA does not necessarily reflect the connection status between the computer on which it is running and Internet. The user may have the computer itself on-line, connected to Internet via Keywords Free Music Download a cable modem or an ADSL connection, but may wish Keywords Free Music Download for Outlook to be off-line, so that it makes no attempt to send or to receive messages. Or the computer may be configured Download Free Music Sheet to employ a Keywords Free Music Download dial-up connection on demand (whenever an application such as Outlook attempts to make connection to a server), but the connection may Keywords Free Music Download be an expensive telephone call from the particular location in which the Keywords Free Music Download computer currently happens to be (such as a hotel room) and the user may Keywords Free Music Download not wish Keywords Free Music Download Outlook to trigger making that Keywords Free Music Download call every 5 or 10 minutes to Keywords Free Music Download check for mail.[1]
Another Keywords Free Music Download example of the use of Keywords Free Music Download these concepts is in the world of digital audio technology. A tape Keywords Free Music Download recorder, digital Keywords Free Music Download editor, or other device that is "on-line" is one whose clock is under the control of the clock of a "synchronization master" device. Keywords Free Music Download When the sync master commences playback, the "on-line" device automatically synchronizes itself to the master and commences playing from the same point Keywords Free Music Download in the recording. Whereas a device that Keywords Free Music Download is "off-line" uses no external clock reference and relies upon its own internal clock. When a large number of devices are connected to a sync master, it is often convenient, if one wants Keywords Free Music Download to hear just the output of one single device, to take it off-line, because if Keywords Free Music Download the Keywords Free Music Download device is played back on-line all synchronized devices Keywords Free Music Download have to locate the playback Keywords Free Music Download point and wait for each other to be in synchronization.[2] (For further related discussion, see MIDI timecode, word sync, and recording system Keywords Free Music Download synchronization.)
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A third example of a common use of these concepts is a web browser that can be instructed to be in either "on-line" or "off-line" states. The browser only attempts to fetch pages from servers whilst in the "on-line" state. In the "off-line" state, users Download Polyphonic Ringtone can Keywords Free Music Download perform offline Keywords Free Music Download browsing, where pages can be browsed Keywords Free Music Download using local Keywords Free Music Download copies of those pages that Keywords Free Music Download have previously been downloaded Keywords Free Music Download whilst in the "on-line" state. Keywords Free Music Download This can be useful when the computer itself is also off-line, Keywords Free Music Download with connection to Internet expensive or impossible. The pages are either downloaded implicitly Keywords Free Music Download into Keywords Free Music Download the web browser's own cache, as a result of prior Keywords Free Music Download on-line browsing by the user, or Keywords Free Music Download explicitly by the browser being configured to keep local copies Keywords Free Music Download of certain web pages, which it keeps updated when the browser is in the on-line state, either by checking that the local copies are up-to-date at regular intervals or by checking that Keywords Free Music Download the local copies are up-to-date whenever the browser is switched to the on-line Keywords Free Music Download state. One such Keywords Free Music Download web browser capable of being explicitly configured to download pages for offline browsing is Internet Explorer. When pages are Keywords Free Music Download added to Keywords Free Music Download the "Favourites" list, they Keywords Free Music Download can be marked Keywords Free Music Download for being Keywords Free Music Download made Keywords Free Music Download "available for offline browsing". Internet Explorer Keywords Free Music Download will download to local copies Keywords Free Music Download both the Keywords Free Music Download marked Keywords Free Music Download page and, optionally, all Keywords Free Music Download of the pages that it links to. In Internet Explorer version 6, the level of direct and indirect Keywords Free Music Download links, the maximum amount of Keywords Free Music Download local disc space allowed Keywords Free Music Download to be consumed, and the schedule on which local copies are checked to see whether they are up-to-date, are configurable for each individual "Favourite" entry.
See also:
Offline browsing Keywords Free Music Download known as "Offline favourites" was removed as a feature in the most recent version of Internet Explorer 7, which only now supports single web page saving, but not browsing or storing an entire site offline.[citation Keywords Free Music Download needed]
Similarly, off-line storage Free Download Pocket Slideshow is computer storage Keywords Free Music Download that is not "available for immediate use on demand by the system without human intervention", i.e Keywords Free Music Download it is storage that is off-line.
The ideas of Keywords Free Music Download "on-line" and "off-line" have been Keywords Free Music Download generalized from computing and telecommunication into the field of human interpersonal Keywords Free Music Download relationships. The distinction between what is considered "on-line" Keywords Free Music Download and what is considered "off-line" has become a subject of Keywords Free Music Download study in the field of sociology.[7]
The distinction Keywords Free Music Download between "on-line" and "off-line" is conventionally seen as the distinction between computer-mediated communication and face-to-face communication Keywords Free Music Download (e.g. face time), respectively. "On-line" is virtuality, Keywords Free Music Download and "off-line" is reality (e.g. real life or meatspace). Slater states that this distinction is "obviously Keywords Free Music Download far too simple". To support his argument that the distinctions in relationships are more complex than a simple "on-line"/"off-line" dichotomy, he observes that some Keywords Free Music Download people draw no distinction between an "on-line" relationship, such as indulging in cybersex, and an "off-line" relationship, such as being pen-pals. Free Halo Trailer Download He also argues Keywords Free Music Download that even the telephone can be regarded as Keywords Free Music Download an "on-line" experience in some circumstances, and that the blurring of the distinctions between Download Free Free Mp3 Music the uses of various technologies (such as PDA and mobile telephone, television and Internet, Keywords Free Music Download and telephone and voice-over-IP) Keywords Free Music Download has Keywords Free Music Download made it "impossible to use the term 'on-line' meaningfully in the sense that was employed by the first generation of Internet research".[7]
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Slater asserts that there are legal and regulatory pressures to reduce the Keywords Free Music Download distinction between "on-line" Keywords Free Music Download and "off-line", Keywords Free Music Download with a "general tendency to assimilate online to offline and erase the Keywords Free Music Download distinction", stressing, however, that this does not mean that on-line relationships are Keywords Free Music Download being reduced to pre-existing Keywords Free Music Download off-line relationships. Keywords Free Music Download He conjectures that greater legal status may be assigned to on-line relationships (pointing out that contractual relationships, such as business transactions, on-line are already seen as just as "real" as their off-line counterparts), although he states it to be hard to imagine courts awarding palimony to Keywords Free Music Download people who have had a purely on-line sexual relationship. He also Keywords Free Music Download conjectures that an "on-line"/"off-line" distinction may be seen by people as "rather quaint and not quite comprehensible" within 10 years.[7]
The distinction where Keywords Free Music Download "on-line" is Keywords Free Music Download seen as virtuality and "off-line" as Download Free Music Software Studio reality is sometimes Keywords Free Music Download inverted, with "on-line" concepts being used to define and to explain "off-line" activities, rather than (as per the conventions of the Keywords Free Music Download desktop metaphor with its desktops, Keywords Free Music Download trash cans, folders, and so forth) the other way around. Several cartoons by Keywords Free Music Download The Keywords Free Music Download New Yorker have satirized this. One includes Saint Peter asking for a user name and a password before admitting Keywords Free Music Download a man into Heaven. Keywords Free Music Download Another illustrates Keywords Free Music Download "the off-line store" where "All items are actual size!", where shoppers may "Take it home as soon as Keywords Free Music Download you pay for it!", and where "Merchandise may be handled prior to purchase!". |
