A download manager is a computer program dedicated to the task Free Download Book of downloading (and sometime uploading) possibly unrelated stand-alone files from Free Download Book (and sometime to) the Internet for storage. This Free Download Book is unlike a World Wide Web browser, which is mainly intended to browse web pages, composed of Free Download Book a multitude of smaller files, where error-free moving of files for permanent storage is Free Download Book of secondary Free Download Book importance. (A failed or incomplete web page file rarely ruins Free Download Book the page.) The typical download manager at a minimum provides means to recover from errors without losing the work already Free Download Book completed, and can Free Download Book optionally split the file to be downloaded (or uploaded) into 2 or more segments, which are then moved in parallel, potentially making Free Download Book the process faster within the limits Free Download Book of Free Download Book the available Free Download Book bandwidth. (A few servers are known to block moving files in parallel segments, on the principle that server capacity should be shared equally by all users.) Multi-source is the name given to files Free Download Book that are downloaded in parallel.
There are several things that some web browsers are not very good at. Free Download Book That's where the download Free Download Book managers enter the equation:
Pausing the downloading of large files.
Resuming broken or paused downloads Free Download Book (especially for very large files).
Downloading Free Download Book files on poor connections.
Downloading several files from a site automatically according to simple rules (file types, updated files, etc. - Free Download Book see also Offline Browser).
Automatic recursive downloads (mirroring).
Scheduled downloads (including, automatic hang-up and shutdown).
Searching for mirror sites, and the Download Salsa Music Htm handling of Free Download Book different Free Download Book connections to download the same file more quickly (segmented downloading).
Download managers are useful for Free Download Book active Internet Free Download Book users. For dial-up users, they can automatically dial Free Download Book the internet service provider at night, when rates or tariffs Free Download Book are usually lower, download the specified files, and hang-up. They can record which links the user clicks Free Download Book on during the day, and queue these files for later download. For broadband Free Download Book users, download managers can help download very Free Download Book large files by resuming broken downloads, by limiting the bandwidth used, so Free Download Book that other Free Download Book internet activities are not affected (slowed) and Free Download Book the server is not overloaded, or by automatically navigating Free Download Book a site and downloading pre-specified content (photo Free Download Book galleries, Doctor Spyware Download Free Scan MP3 collections, etc.) this can also include automatically downloading whole sites Free Download Book and regularly updating them (see Mirroring).
Many download managers Free Download Book support Metalink, an XML file listing mirrors, checksums, and other information useful for downloading.
See below for some examples of commonly used download managers. Free Download Book Some downloaders are optimized for a certain function. For example, Offline Explorer Free Download Book is designed to download entire websites.
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Download managers, such as Go!Zilla, were among the first Free Download Book adware applications displaying a banner ad in the user interface.
Related to download managers are two other breeds of Internet programs, Free Download Book file-sharing peer-to-peer applications Free Download Book (Kazaa, Free Download Book eMule, BitTorrent, Microsoft Spyware Download Gnutella) and stream recorders (such as StreamBox VCR).
While download managers Free Download Book are designed to give users greater control over Free Download Book downloads, some downloaders are created to give that control to content distributors instead. Some software companies, for example Adobe [1], provide such downloaders for downloading software on their own site. Free Download Book Presumably this increases reliability and reduces tech support costs to them. A possible reason is increasing the Free Download Book control Free Download Book over redistribution of their software (even when the Free Download Book software is freeware).In computer technology and telecommunication, on-line and off-line are defined by Federal Standard 1037C. They are Free Download Adware Ad Aware states or conditions of Download Southern Gospel Music Htm a "device or equipment" or of "a functional unit". To be considered on-line, a device must be Free Download Book at least one of:
"Under Free Download Book the direct control of another device"
"Under the direct control of the system with which it is associated"
"Available for immediate use on demand by the system without human intervention"
"Connected to a system, and Free Download Book is in operation"
"Functional and ready for service"
while a device that is off-line is not (e.g. it has "its main power source Free Download Book disconnected or turned off", and Free Download Book is "off-power").
One example of a common use of these concepts is a Mail User Agent that can Free Download Book be instructed to be in Free Download Book either "on-line" or "off-line" states. One such MUA is Microsoft Outlook. Free Download Book When it is "on-line" it will attempt to connect to mail servers (to check for new mail at regular Free Download Book intervals, for example), and when it is "off-line" it will not attempt to make any such connections. The "on-line" or "off-line" state of the Free Download Book MUA does not necessarily reflect the connection status between the computer on which it is running and Internet. The Free Download Book user may have the computer Free Download Book itself on-line, connected to Internet via a cable modem or an ADSL connection, Free Download Book but may Free Download Book wish for Outlook to be Free Download Book off-line, so that it makes no attempt to send or to receive messages. Or the computer may be configured to employ a dial-up connection on Free Download Book demand Free Download Book (whenever an application such as Outlook attempts to make connection to a server), but the connection may be an expensive telephone Free Download Book call from the particular location in which the computer currently happens to be (such as a hotel room) and the user may Free Download Book not Free Download Book wish Outlook to trigger Free Download Book making that call every 5 Free Download Book or 10 minutes to check Free Download Book for mail.[1]
Another example of the use of these concepts is in the world of digital audio technology. A tape recorder, digital editor, or other device that is "on-line" is one whose clock is under the control of the clock of a "synchronization master" device. When the sync master commences playback, the "on-line" Free Download Book device automatically synchronizes itself to the Free Download Book master and commences playing from the same Download Free Simfarm point in the recording. Free Download Book Whereas a device that is "off-line" uses no external clock reference and relies upon its own internal clock. When Free Download Book a large number of Free Download Book devices are connected to a Free Download Book sync master, it Free Download Book is often convenient, if one wants to hear just the output of one single device, to take it off-line, because if Free Download Book the device is played Free Download Book back on-line all Free Download Book synchronized devices have to locate the playback point and wait for each other Free Download Book to be in synchronization.[2] (For further related discussion, see MIDI timecode, word sync, and recording Free Download Book system synchronization.)
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A third Free Download Book example of a common use of these concepts Free Download Book is a web browser that can be instructed to be in either "on-line" or "off-line" states. Free Download Book The Free Download Book browser only attempts Free Download Book to fetch pages from servers whilst in the "on-line" Free Download Book state. In the "off-line" state, users can perform offline browsing, where pages can be browsed using local copies of those pages that have previously been downloaded whilst in the "on-line" state. This can Free Download Book be useful Free Download Book when the computer itself is also off-line, with connection to Internet expensive or impossible. The pages are either downloaded implicitly into Free Download Book the web browser's own cache, Free Download Book as a result of prior on-line browsing Free Download Book by the user, or explicitly by the Free Download Book browser being configured to keep local copies of certain web pages, which it keeps updated when the browser is in the on-line state, either by checking that the local copies are up-to-date at regular intervals or by checking Free Download Book that the local copies are up-to-date Free Download Book whenever the browser is switched to the on-line state. One such Free Download Book web Free Download Book browser capable of being explicitly configured to download pages for offline browsing is Internet Explorer. When pages are added to the "Favourites" list, they can be marked for being Free Download Book made "available for offline browsing". Internet Explorer will download to local copies both the marked page and, optionally, all of the pages that it links to. In Internet Explorer version 6, the Free Download Book level of direct and indirect links, the maximum Free Download Book amount of local disc space allowed to be consumed, and the schedule on which local Free Download Book copies are checked to see whether they are up-to-date, are Free Download Book configurable for Free Download Book each individual "Favourite" entry.
See also:
Offline browsing known as "Offline favourites" was removed as a feature in the most recent version of Internet Explorer 7, which only Free Download Book now supports single Free Download Book web page saving, but not browsing or storing an entire Free Download Book site offline.[citation needed]
Similarly, off-line storage is computer storage that is not "available for immediate Free Download Book use on demand by the system without human intervention", i.e it is storage that is off-line.
The ideas of "on-line" and "off-line" have been generalized from computing and telecommunication into the field of human Free Download Book interpersonal relationships. The distinction between what is considered "on-line" and what is considered "off-line" has Free Download Book become a Free Download Book subject of study in the field of sociology.[7]
The distinction between "on-line" and "off-line" is conventionally seen as the distinction between computer-mediated communication and face-to-face communication (e.g. face time), respectively. "On-line" is Free Download Book virtuality, and "off-line" is reality (e.g. real life or meatspace). Slater states that this distinction is "obviously far too simple". To support his argument that the distinctions in relationships are more Free Download Book complex than a simple "on-line"/"off-line" dichotomy, he observes that some people draw no distinction between an "on-line" relationship, such as indulging in cybersex, and an "off-line" relationship, such as being pen-pals. He also argues that even the telephone can be regarded as an "on-line" experience in Free Download Book some circumstances, and that the blurring of the distinctions Free Download Book between Free Download Book the uses of various technologies (such as PDA and mobile telephone, television and Internet, and telephone and voice-over-IP) has Free Download Book made it "impossible to use the term 'on-line' meaningfully in the sense that was Free Download Book employed by Free Download Book the first generation of Internet research".[7]
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Slater asserts that there are legal and regulatory pressures to reduce the Free Download Book distinction between "on-line" and "off-line", with a "general tendency to assimilate online Free Download Book to offline and erase the distinction", stressing, however, that this does not mean that on-line relationships are being reduced to pre-existing off-line Free Download Book relationships. He conjectures that greater Free Download Book legal status may be assigned to on-line relationships (pointing out that contractual relationships, such as Free Download Book business Free Download Book transactions, on-line are already seen as just as "real" as their off-line counterparts), although he states Free Download Book it to be hard to imagine courts awarding palimony to people who have had a purely on-line Free Download Book sexual relationship. He also conjectures that Free Download Book an "on-line"/"off-line" distinction may be seen by people as "rather quaint and not Free Download Book quite comprehensible" within 10 years.[7]
The distinction where "on-line" is seen as virtuality and "off-line" as reality is sometimes inverted, with "on-line" concepts being Free Download Book used to define and to Free Download Book explain "off-line" activities, rather than (as per the conventions of the desktop metaphor with its desktops, trash cans, folders, and so Free Download Book forth) the other way around. Several cartoons by The New Yorker Free Download Book have satirized this. One Free Download Book includes Free Download Book Saint Peter asking for Free Download Book a user name and a Free Download Macromedia Projector password before admitting a man into Heaven. Another illustrates "the off-line store" where "All Free Download Book items are actual Free Download Book size!", where shoppers may "Take Free Download Book it home as soon as Shockwave Macromedia Download you pay for it!", and where "Merchandise may be handled prior to purchase!". Free Download Book |
