A download manager is a computer program dedicated to Fill In Puzzle Download the task of downloading (and sometime uploading) possibly unrelated stand-alone files from (and sometime to) the Fill In Puzzle Download Internet for Fill In Puzzle Download storage. This is unlike a Fill In Puzzle Download World Wide Web browser, which is mainly intended to browse web pages, composed of a multitude of smaller files, where error-free moving of files for permanent storage is of secondary Fill In Puzzle Download importance. (A failed or incomplete web page Fill In Puzzle Download file rarely Fill In Puzzle Download ruins the page.) The typical download manager at a minimum provides means to recover from errors without losing the Fill In Puzzle Download work Fill In Puzzle Download already Fill In Puzzle Download completed, and can optionally split the file to be downloaded (or uploaded) Fill In Puzzle Download into 2 or more segments, which are then moved in parallel, potentially making the Download Current Movies Free process faster within the limits of the Fill In Puzzle Download available bandwidth. (A few servers are known to Fill In Puzzle Download block Fill In Puzzle Download moving files in parallel Fill In Puzzle Download segments, on the principle that server capacity should be shared equally by all users.) Multi-source Fill In Puzzle Download is the name Fill In Puzzle Download given to files that are downloaded in parallel.
There are several things that some web browsers are not very good Fill In Puzzle Download at. That's where the Fill In Puzzle Download download managers enter the equation:
Pausing the Fill In Puzzle Download downloading of large files.
Resuming broken or Fill In Puzzle Download paused downloads (especially for very large Fill In Puzzle Download files).
Downloading files on poor Fill In Puzzle Download connections.
Downloading several files from a site automatically according to simple rules (file Fill In Puzzle Download types, updated files, Fill In Puzzle Download etc. - see also Offline Browser).
Automatic recursive downloads (mirroring).
Scheduled downloads (including, automatic hang-up and shutdown).
Searching for mirror sites, and the handling of different connections to download the same file more quickly (segmented downloading).
Download managers are useful for active Internet users. For Fill In Puzzle Download dial-up users, they can automatically dial the internet service provider at night, when rates or Fill In Puzzle Download tariffs Fill In Puzzle Download are usually lower, download the specified files, and hang-up. They can record which links the user Fill In Puzzle Download clicks on during the day, and queue these files for later download. For broadband users, download managers can help download very large files by resuming broken downloads, by limiting the bandwidth used, so that other Fill In Puzzle Download internet activities are not affected (slowed) and the server is not overloaded, or by automatically navigating a site and downloading pre-specified Fill In Puzzle Download content (photo galleries, MP3 collections, etc.) this can also include automatically downloading whole sites and regularly updating them Fill In Puzzle Download (see Mirroring).
Many download managers Fill In Puzzle Download support Metalink, an XML file listing mirrors, checksums, and other information useful for downloading.
See below for some examples of commonly used download managers. Some downloaders are optimized for a certain function. For example, Offline Explorer is designed to download entire websites.
Download managers, such as Go!Zilla, were among the first adware applications displaying a banner Fill In Puzzle Download ad in the user interface.
Related to Fill In Puzzle Download download managers are two other breeds of Internet programs, file-sharing peer-to-peer Fill In Puzzle Download applications (Kazaa, eMule, BitTorrent, Gnutella) and stream recorders (such as StreamBox VCR).
While download managers are designed to give users greater control over downloads, some downloaders are created to give that control to content distributors instead. Some software companies, for example Adobe [1], provide such downloaders for downloading software on their own site. Presumably this increases reliability and reduces tech support costs to them. A possible reason is increasing Fill In Puzzle Download the control over redistribution of Fill In Puzzle Download their software (even Fill In Puzzle Download when the software is freeware).In computer technology and telecommunication, on-line and off-line are defined by Federal Standard 1037C. They are states or conditions of a "device or equipment" Fill In Puzzle Download or of "a Fill In Puzzle Download functional unit". To be considered on-line, a device must be at least one of:
"Under the direct control of another device"
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"Under the direct control of the system with which it is associated"
"Available for immediate use on demand by the system without human intervention"
"Connected to a system, Fill In Puzzle Download and is in operation"
"Functional and ready Fill In Puzzle Download for service"
while a device that is Fill In Puzzle Download off-line is not (e.g. it has "its main Fill In Puzzle Download power source disconnected or Fill In Puzzle Download turned off", and is "off-power").
One example of a common use Fill In Puzzle Download of these concepts is a Mail User Agent that can be instructed to be in either "on-line" or "off-line" states. One such MUA is Microsoft Outlook. When it is "on-line" Fill In Puzzle Download it will attempt to connect to mail servers (to check for Fill In Puzzle Download new mail Fill In Puzzle Download at regular intervals, for example), and when it is "off-line" it will not attempt to make any Fill In Puzzle Download such connections. The "on-line" or "off-line" Fill In Puzzle Download state of the MUA Fill In Puzzle Download does not necessarily reflect the connection status between Fill In Puzzle Download the computer on which it is running and Internet. The user may have the computer itself on-line, connected to Internet via a cable modem or an ADSL connection, but may wish for Outlook to be off-line, so that it makes no attempt to send or to receive messages. Or the computer Fill In Puzzle Download may be configured to employ a dial-up connection Fill In Puzzle Download on demand (whenever an application such as Outlook attempts Fill In Puzzle Download to make connection to a server), but Fill In Puzzle Download the connection may be an Fill In Puzzle Download expensive telephone call from the particular location in which the computer currently happens to be (such as a hotel room) and the user may not wish Outlook Fill In Puzzle Download to trigger making that call every 5 or 10 minutes to check for mail.[1]
Another example of the use of these concepts is in the world of digital audio technology. A tape recorder, digital editor, or other device that is "on-line" Fill In Puzzle Download is Fill In Puzzle Download one whose clock is under the control of the clock of a "synchronization master" device. Fill In Puzzle Download When Fill In Puzzle Download the sync master commences playback, the "on-line" device automatically synchronizes itself to Fill In Puzzle Download the master and commences Fill In Puzzle Download playing from the same point Fill In Puzzle Download in the recording. Whereas a device that is "off-line" uses no external clock reference and relies upon its own internal clock. When a Fill In Puzzle Download large number Fill In Puzzle Download of devices are connected to a sync master, it is often convenient, if one wants to hear just Fill In Puzzle Download the output of one single Fill In Puzzle Download device, to take Fill In Puzzle Download it off-line, because if the device is played back on-line all Fill In Puzzle Download synchronized Fill In Puzzle Download devices have to locate the playback point and wait for each other to be Fill In Puzzle Download in synchronization.[2] (For further related discussion, see MIDI timecode, word sync, and recording system synchronization.)
A third example of a common use of these concepts is a web browser that can Fill In Puzzle Download be instructed Fill In Puzzle Download to be in either "on-line" or Fill In Puzzle Download "off-line" states. The browser only attempts Fill In Puzzle Download to fetch Fill In Puzzle Download pages from servers whilst in the "on-line" state. In Fill In Puzzle Download the "off-line" state, users can perform offline browsing, where pages can Fill In Puzzle Download be browsed using local copies of those pages that have previously been downloaded whilst in the "on-line" state. This can be useful when the computer itself is Fill In Puzzle Download also Fill In Puzzle Download off-line, with connection to Internet expensive or impossible. The pages are either downloaded implicitly into the web browser's own Fill In Puzzle Download cache, as a result of prior on-line browsing by the user, or explicitly by the browser being Fill In Puzzle Download configured to keep local Fill In Puzzle Download copies of certain web pages, which it keeps updated when the Fill In Puzzle Download browser is Fill In Puzzle Download in the on-line state, either by checking that the local Fill In Puzzle Download copies are up-to-date at regular intervals or by checking that the local copies are up-to-date whenever the Fill In Puzzle Download browser is switched to the on-line state. One such web browser capable of being explicitly Fill In Puzzle Download configured to download Fill In Puzzle Download pages for offline browsing is Fill In Puzzle Download Internet Fill In Puzzle Download Explorer. When pages are added to the "Favourites" list, they can be marked for being Fill In Puzzle Download made "available for offline browsing". Fill In Puzzle Download Internet Explorer Fill In Puzzle Download will download to Fill In Puzzle Download local copies both the marked page and, optionally, all of the pages that it links to. In Internet Explorer version 6, the level Fill In Puzzle Download of direct and Fill In Puzzle Download indirect links, the maximum amount of local Fill In Puzzle Download disc space Fill In Puzzle Download allowed Fill In Puzzle Download to be consumed, and the schedule on which local copies are checked to see whether they are up-to-date, are configurable for each individual "Favourite" entry.
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See also:
Offline browsing known as "Offline favourites" was removed as a feature in the most recent version of Internet Explorer 7, Fill In Puzzle Download which only now Fill In Puzzle Download supports single web page saving, but not browsing or storing an entire site offline.[citation needed]
Similarly, off-line Fill In Puzzle Download storage is computer storage that is not "available for immediate use on Fill In Puzzle Download demand Fill In Puzzle Download by Fill In Puzzle Download the Fill In Puzzle Download system without human intervention", i.e it is storage that is off-line.
The ideas of "on-line" and "off-line" have been generalized from computing and Fill In Puzzle Download telecommunication into the Fill In Puzzle Download field of human Fill In Puzzle Download interpersonal relationships. The Fill In Puzzle Download distinction between what is considered "on-line" and what is considered "off-line" has become a subject of study in the field of sociology.[7]
The distinction between "on-line" and "off-line" is conventionally seen as the distinction between computer-mediated communication and face-to-face communication (e.g. Fill In Puzzle Download face time), respectively. "On-line" is virtuality, and "off-line" is reality (e.g. real life Fill In Puzzle Download or meatspace). Slater states that this distinction is "obviously far too simple". Fill In Puzzle Download To support his argument that the Fill In Puzzle Download distinctions in relationships are more complex than a simple "on-line"/"off-line" dichotomy, Fill In Puzzle Download he observes that some people draw no distinction between an "on-line" relationship, such as indulging in Fill In Puzzle Download cybersex, and an "off-line" relationship, such as being pen-pals. He also argues that Fill In Puzzle Download even the telephone can be regarded as an "on-line" experience in some circumstances, and that the blurring of the distinctions between the uses of various technologies (such as PDA and mobile telephone, television and Internet, and telephone and voice-over-IP) has made it "impossible to Fill In Puzzle Download use the term 'on-line' Fill In Puzzle Download meaningfully in the sense that was employed by the first generation of Internet research".[7]
Slater asserts that there are legal and regulatory pressures to reduce the distinction between "on-line" and "off-line", with a "general tendency to assimilate online to Fill In Puzzle Download offline and erase the distinction", stressing, however, that this does not mean that on-line relationships are being reduced to pre-existing off-line relationships. He conjectures that greater legal status may be assigned to Fill In Puzzle Download on-line relationships (pointing out that contractual relationships, such as business transactions, on-line Fill In Puzzle Download are already seen as just as "real" as their Fill In Puzzle Download off-line Fill In Puzzle Download counterparts), although he states it Fill In Puzzle Download to be hard to imagine courts awarding palimony Fill In Puzzle Download to people who have Fill In Puzzle Download had a purely on-line sexual relationship. He also conjectures Fill In Puzzle Download that an "on-line"/"off-line" distinction may be seen by people as "rather quaint and not quite comprehensible" within 10 years.[7]
The distinction where "on-line" is seen as virtuality and "off-line" as reality is sometimes Fill In Puzzle Download inverted, with "on-line" concepts being Fill In Puzzle Download used Fill In Puzzle Download to define and to explain "off-line" activities, rather than (as per the conventions Fill In Puzzle Download of the desktop metaphor with its desktops, trash cans, folders, and so forth) the other way around. Several cartoons by The New Yorker have satirized this. One includes Saint Peter asking for a user name and a password before admitting a man into Heaven. Another illustrates "the off-line store" Fill In Puzzle Download where "All items are actual size!", where Fill In Puzzle Download shoppers may "Take it home as soon as you pay for it!", and Fill In Puzzle Download where "Merchandise may be handled prior to purchase!". |
