A download manager is a computer program dedicated to the task of downloading (and sometime uploading) possibly unrelated Survey Finite Download stand-alone files from Survey Finite Download (and sometime to) the Internet for Survey Finite Download storage. This is unlike Survey Finite Download a World Wide Web browser, Survey Finite Download which is mainly intended to browse Survey Finite Download web pages, composed of Survey Finite Download a multitude of Survey Finite Download smaller files, Survey Finite Download where error-free moving of Survey Finite Download files for permanent storage is of Survey Finite Download secondary importance. (A failed or incomplete web page file rarely ruins the page.) The typical download manager at a minimum provides means to recover from errors without losing the work already completed, and can optionally split the file to be downloaded (or uploaded) into 2 or Survey Finite Download more segments, which are then moved in parallel, potentially making the process faster within the limits of the available bandwidth. (A few servers are known Survey Finite Download to block moving files in parallel segments, on the principle that server capacity Survey Finite Download should be shared equally by Survey Finite Download all users.) Multi-source is the name given to files that are downloaded in parallel.
There are several things that some web browsers are not very good at. That's where the download managers enter the equation:
Pausing the downloading of large files.
Resuming broken or paused downloads (especially for very large Survey Finite Download files).
Downloading files on poor connections.
Downloading several files from a site automatically according Survey Finite Download to simple rules (file types, updated files, etc. Survey Finite Download - see also Offline Browser).
Automatic recursive downloads (mirroring).
Scheduled downloads (including, automatic hang-up and shutdown).
Searching for mirror sites, and the handling of different connections to download the same file more quickly (segmented downloading).
Download managers are Survey Finite Download useful for active Internet users. For dial-up users, they can automatically dial the internet service provider at night, Survey Finite Download when rates or tariffs are usually lower, download the specified files, and hang-up. They can record which links the user clicks Survey Finite Download on during the day, and queue these files for later Survey Finite Download download. Survey Finite Download For broadband users, download Download Urls Utility managers can help download Survey Finite Download very large Survey Finite Download files by resuming broken Survey Finite Download downloads, by limiting the bandwidth used, Survey Finite Download so that other internet activities are not affected (slowed) and the Survey Finite Download server is not overloaded, or by automatically navigating a site and downloading Survey Finite Download pre-specified content (photo galleries, MP3 collections, etc.) this can also include Survey Finite Download automatically downloading whole sites and regularly Survey Finite Download updating Slipstream Download them (see Mirroring).
Many download managers support Metalink, Survey Finite Download an XML Survey Finite Download file listing mirrors, checksums, and other information useful for downloading.
See Survey Finite Download below for some examples of commonly used download Survey Finite Download managers. Some downloaders are optimized for a certain function. For example, Offline Explorer is designed to download entire websites.
Download Survey Finite Download managers, such Api Rp Download as Go!Zilla, were among the first adware applications displaying a banner ad in the user interface.
Related to download managers are two other Survey Finite Download breeds of Internet programs, file-sharing peer-to-peer applications (Kazaa, eMule, BitTorrent, Gnutella) and stream Survey Finite Download recorders (such as StreamBox VCR).
While download managers are designed to Survey Finite Download give users greater Survey Finite Download control over downloads, some downloaders are Survey Finite Download created to Survey Finite Download give that control to content distributors instead. Some software companies, for example Adobe [1], provide such downloaders for downloading software on their own site. Presumably this increases reliability and reduces tech support costs to them. A possible reason is increasing the control over redistribution of their software (even Survey Finite Download when the software is freeware).In computer technology and Survey Finite Download telecommunication, on-line and Survey Finite Download off-line are defined by Federal Standard 1037C. They are states or conditions of a "device or equipment" or of "a functional unit". To Survey Finite Download be considered Survey Finite Download on-line, a device must be at least one of:
"Under the direct control Survey Finite Download of Survey Finite Download another device"
"Under the direct control of the Survey Finite Download system with which it is associated"
"Available for immediate use on demand by the system Survey Finite Download without human intervention"
"Connected to a system, and is in operation"
"Functional and ready for service"
while a device Survey Finite Download that is off-line is not (e.g. it has "its main power Survey Finite Download source disconnected or turned off", and is "off-power").
One example of a Survey Finite Download common use of these concepts is a Mail User Agent that can be instructed Survey Finite Download to be in either "on-line" or "off-line" states. One such MUA is Microsoft Outlook. When it is "on-line" it will Survey Finite Download attempt to connect to Survey Finite Download mail servers (to check for Survey Finite Download new mail at regular intervals, for example), and when it is "off-line" it will not attempt to make Survey Finite Download any such connections. Survey Finite Download The "on-line" or "off-line" state of the MUA Survey Finite Download does not necessarily reflect the connection status between the computer on which Survey Finite Download it Survey Finite Download is running and Internet. The user may have the computer itself on-line, connected to Internet Survey Finite Download via a cable Survey Finite Download modem or an ADSL connection, but may wish Survey Finite Download for Outlook to be off-line, so that Survey Finite Download it makes no attempt to send or to receive messages. Or the computer may be configured to employ a dial-up connection on demand (whenever an application such as Outlook Survey Finite Download attempts to make connection to a server), but the Gas Ottomind Download connection may be an expensive Survey Finite Download telephone call from the particular location in which the computer currently happens to be (such as a hotel room) and the user may Survey Finite Download not wish Outlook to trigger making that call every 5 or 10 minutes to check for mail.[1]
Another example of the use of these concepts is in the world Survey Finite Download of digital audio technology. A tape recorder, digital editor, or other device that is "on-line" Survey Finite Download is one whose clock is under the Survey Finite Download control of the clock Survey Finite Download of Survey Finite Download a "synchronization master" device. When the sync master commences Survey Finite Download playback, the "on-line" device automatically synchronizes itself to the Survey Finite Download master and commences playing from the same point in the recording. Whereas a device that is "off-line" uses Survey Finite Download no external clock reference and relies upon its own internal clock. When a large number of devices are connected to a sync master, it is often convenient, if one wants to hear Survey Finite Download just Survey Finite Download the output of one single device, to take it Survey Finite Download off-line, because if the device is played back on-line all synchronized devices have to locate the playback point and wait for each other to be in synchronization.[2] (For Survey Finite Download further related discussion, Survey Finite Download see MIDI timecode, word sync, and recording Survey Finite Download system synchronization.)
A Survey Finite Download third example of a common use of these concepts is a Survey Finite Download web Survey Finite Download browser that can be instructed to be in either "on-line" or "off-line" states. The browser only attempts to fetch pages from servers whilst in the Survey Finite Download "on-line" state. In the "off-line" state, users Download Free Self-publishing E-book can perform offline Survey Finite Download browsing, where pages can be browsed using local copies of those pages that have previously been downloaded whilst in the "on-line" Download Desperate Crossings state. This can be useful when the computer itself is also off-line, with connection to Internet expensive or impossible. The pages are either downloaded implicitly into the web browser's own cache, as a result of prior on-line browsing by the user, or explicitly by the browser being configured to keep local copies of certain web pages, which it keeps updated when the browser is in the on-line Survey Finite Download state, either by checking that the local copies are up-to-date at regular intervals or by checking that the local Survey Finite Download copies are up-to-date whenever the browser is Survey Finite Download switched Survey Finite Download to the on-line state. One such web browser capable of being Survey Finite Download explicitly configured to download pages Survey Finite Download for offline browsing is Sandman Comic Download Internet Explorer. When pages are added to the "Favourites" list, they can be marked for being made "available for offline browsing". Internet Explorer will download to local copies both the marked page and, optionally, all of the pages that it links to. In Survey Finite Download Internet Explorer version 6, the level of direct and indirect links, the maximum amount of local Survey Finite Download disc Survey Finite Download space allowed to be Download Video Silvia Saint consumed, and the schedule on which local copies are checked to see whether they are up-to-date, are configurable for each Survey Finite Download individual "Favourite" entry.
See also:
Offline browsing known as "Offline favourites" was Survey Finite Download removed as a feature in the most recent version of Internet Explorer 7, which only now supports single Survey Finite Download web page saving, but not browsing Survey Finite Download or storing an entire site Survey Finite Download offline.[citation needed]
Similarly, off-line storage Survey Finite Download is computer storage Survey Finite Download that is not "available for immediate use on demand by the system without human intervention", i.e it is storage Survey Finite Download that is off-line.
The ideas of "on-line" and "off-line" have been generalized from computing and telecommunication Survey Finite Download into the field of Survey Finite Download human interpersonal relationships. The distinction between what is considered "on-line" and what is considered Survey Finite Download "off-line" has become a subject of study in Survey Finite Download the field of sociology.[7]
The distinction Survey Finite Download between "on-line" and "off-line" Survey Finite Download is Survey Finite Download conventionally seen as the distinction between computer-mediated communication and face-to-face communication (e.g. face time), respectively. "On-line" is virtuality, and Survey Finite Download "off-line" is reality (e.g. real life or meatspace). Slater states that this distinction is "obviously far too simple". Survey Finite Download To support his argument that the distinctions in relationships are more complex than a simple "on-line"/"off-line" dichotomy, he Survey Finite Download observes that some people draw Survey Finite Download no distinction between an "on-line" relationship, such as indulging in cybersex, and an "off-line" relationship, such as being pen-pals. He Survey Finite Download also Survey Finite Download argues that even the telephone can be regarded as an How To Download To Mp3 Player "on-line" experience in some circumstances, and that the blurring Survey Finite Download of the distinctions between the Survey Finite Download uses of various technologies (such as PDA and mobile telephone, television and Internet, Survey Finite Download and Survey Finite Download telephone and voice-over-IP) has made it "impossible to use the term 'on-line' meaningfully in the sense that was employed by the first generation of Internet Survey Finite Download research".[7]
Slater asserts that there are legal and regulatory Survey Finite Download pressures to reduce the distinction between "on-line" and "off-line", with a "general tendency to assimilate online to Survey Finite Download Download Free Xxx Pictures Cell Phones offline and erase the Survey Finite Download distinction", stressing, however, that Survey Finite Download this does not mean that on-line relationships are being reduced to pre-existing off-line relationships. He conjectures that greater legal status may be assigned to on-line relationships (pointing out Survey Finite Download that contractual relationships, Survey Finite Download such as business transactions, on-line are already seen as just Survey Finite Download as "real" as their off-line counterparts), although he states it to be hard to imagine courts Survey Finite Download awarding palimony to people who have Survey Finite Download had a purely on-line sexual relationship. He also conjectures that an "on-line"/"off-line" distinction may be seen by people Survey Finite Download as "rather quaint and not quite comprehensible" within 10 years.[7]
The distinction where "on-line" is seen as virtuality and "off-line" as reality is sometimes inverted, with "on-line" concepts being used to define and to explain "off-line" activities, rather Survey Finite Download than (as per the conventions of the desktop metaphor with its desktops, trash cans, folders, and so forth) the Survey Finite Download other way around. Several cartoons Survey Finite Download by The New Yorker have satirized this. One Survey Finite Download includes Saint Peter asking for a user name and a password before admitting a man into Heaven. Another illustrates "the off-line store" where "All items are actual size!", where shoppers may "Take it home as soon as you pay for it!", and where "Merchandise may be Survey Finite Download handled Survey Finite Download prior to purchase!". |
