A download manager is a computer program dedicated to the task of downloading (and sometime uploading) possibly unrelated stand-alone files from (and sometime to) the Internet for storage. This is unlike a World Wide Web browser, which is mainly intended to browse web pages, composed of a multitude of smaller files, where error-free moving of files for permanent storage is of Gas Ottomind Download secondary importance. (A failed or incomplete web page file rarely ruins the page.) The typical download manager at a minimum provides means to Gas Ottomind Download recover from errors Gas Ottomind Download without Gas Ottomind Download losing Gas Ottomind Download the work already Gas Ottomind Download completed, and can optionally split the file to be downloaded (or uploaded) Gas Ottomind Download into 2 or more segments, which are then moved in parallel, potentially making Gas Ottomind Download the process faster Gas Ottomind Download within the limits of the available bandwidth. (A Gas Ottomind Download few servers are known Gas Ottomind Download to block moving files in parallel Gas Ottomind Download segments, on the principle that server Gas Ottomind Download capacity should be shared equally by all users.) Multi-source is the name given to files that are downloaded in parallel.
There are several things that some Gas Ottomind Download web browsers are not very good at. That's where the download managers Gas Ottomind Download enter the equation:
Pausing the downloading of large files.
Resuming broken or paused downloads Gas Ottomind Download (especially for very large files).
Downloading files on poor connections.
Downloading several files from a site automatically according to simple rules (file types, updated files, etc. - see also Offline Gas Ottomind Download Browser).
Automatic recursive Gas Ottomind Download downloads Gas Ottomind Download (mirroring).
Scheduled downloads (including, automatic hang-up and shutdown).
Searching Gas Ottomind Download for mirror sites, and the handling of different connections to download the same file more Download New Realtek Audio Drivers Vista quickly (segmented downloading).
Download managers are useful for active Internet Gas Ottomind Download users. For dial-up users, they can automatically dial the internet service provider at night, when rates Gas Ottomind Download or tariffs are usually lower, download the specified files, and hang-up. They can record which links the user clicks on during the day, and queue these files for later download. For broadband users, download managers Gas Ottomind Download can help download very large files by resuming broken downloads, by limiting the Gas Ottomind Download bandwidth used, so that other internet activities are Gas Ottomind Download not affected (slowed) and the server is not overloaded, or by automatically navigating a site and downloading pre-specified content (photo galleries, MP3 collections, etc.) Gas Ottomind Download this can also include automatically Gas Ottomind Download downloading whole sites and regularly updating them (see Mirroring).
Many download managers support Metalink, an XML file listing mirrors, checksums, and other information useful for Gas Ottomind Download downloading.
See below for some examples Gas Ottomind Download of commonly used download managers. Some downloaders are optimized for a certain function. For example, Offline Explorer is designed Gas Ottomind Download to download entire websites.
Download managers, such as Go!Zilla, were among the Gas Ottomind Download first adware applications displaying a banner ad in the user interface.
Related to download managers are Polaroid Download Music two other breeds of Internet Gas Ottomind Download programs, file-sharing peer-to-peer applications (Kazaa, eMule, BitTorrent, Gnutella) and stream recorders (such as StreamBox VCR).
|
While download managers are designed to give Gas Ottomind Download users greater control over downloads, some downloaders are created to give that control to content distributors instead. Some software companies, for example Adobe [1], provide such downloaders for downloading Polaroid Download Music Understand software on their own site. Presumably Gas Ottomind Download this increases reliability and reduces tech support costs to them. A possible Gas Ottomind Download reason is increasing the control over redistribution of their software (even when the software is freeware).In computer technology and telecommunication, on-line and off-line are defined by Federal Standard 1037C. They are states or conditions Gas Ottomind Download of Gas Ottomind Download a Gas Ottomind Download "device or equipment" or of "a functional unit". To be Gas Ottomind Download considered on-line, a device Gas Ottomind Download must Gas Ottomind Download be Gas Ottomind Download at least one of:
"Under the direct control of another device"
"Under the Gas Ottomind Download direct control of the system with which it is associated"
"Available for immediate use on demand by the system without human intervention"
"Connected to a Gas Ottomind Download system, Gas Ottomind Download and is in operation"
"Functional Hood Nigga Mp3 Download and ready for service"
while a device that is off-line is not (e.g. it has Gas Ottomind Download "its main power source disconnected or turned off", and is "off-power").
One example of a common use of these concepts is a Mail User Agent that can be instructed to be in either "on-line" Gas Ottomind Download or "off-line" states. One such MUA is Microsoft Outlook. When it is Gas Ottomind Download "on-line" it will attempt to connect to mail servers Gas Ottomind Download (to check for new mail Gas Ottomind Download at regular intervals, for example), and when it is "off-line" it will not attempt to make any Gas Ottomind Download such connections. The "on-line" or "off-line" state Gas Ottomind Download of Gas Ottomind Download the MUA does not necessarily reflect the connection status between the computer on which it is running and Internet. The user may have the computer itself on-line, connected to Internet via a cable modem or an ADSL connection, Gas Ottomind Download but may wish for Outlook to be off-line, Gas Ottomind Download so that it makes no attempt to send or to Gas Ottomind Download receive messages. Or the computer Gas Ottomind Download may be configured to employ Gas Ottomind Download a dial-up Season Of Sakura English Download connection Gas Ottomind Download on demand (whenever an Gas Ottomind Download application such as Outlook attempts Gas Ottomind Download to make connection to a Gas Ottomind Download server), but the connection may be an Gas Ottomind Download expensive telephone call Gas Ottomind Download from the particular location in which the computer Gas Ottomind Download currently happens to Gas Ottomind Download be (such as a hotel room) and the user may Gas Ottomind Download not wish Outlook to trigger making that call every 5 or 10 minutes to check for mail.[1]
Another example of the use of these Gas Ottomind Download concepts is in the world of digital audio technology. A tape Gas Ottomind Download recorder, digital editor, or other device Gas Ottomind Download that is Gas Ottomind Download "on-line" is one Lock On Download whose clock is under the Gas Ottomind Download control of the clock of a "synchronization master" device. When the sync master commences playback, the "on-line" device automatically synchronizes itself to the master and commences playing from Gas Ottomind Download the same point Gas Ottomind Download in the recording. Whereas a Gas Ottomind Download device that is "off-line" uses no external clock reference and relies upon its Gas Ottomind Download own internal clock. When a large number of devices are connected Gas Ottomind Download to a sync master, it is often convenient, if one wants to hear just the output of one single device, to take it off-line, because if the device is played back on-line all synchronized devices Gas Ottomind Download have to locate the playback Gas Ottomind Download point Download Video On Installing Laminating Floor and wait for each other to be in synchronization.[2] (For further related discussion, see MIDI timecode, word sync, and recording Gas Ottomind Download system synchronization.)
|
A third example of a common use of these concepts is a web browser Gas Ottomind Download that can be instructed to be in either "on-line" or "off-line" states. The browser only attempts to fetch pages from servers whilst in the "on-line" state. In the Gas Ottomind Download "off-line" state, users Gas Ottomind Download can perform offline browsing, where Gas Ottomind Download pages can be browsed using local copies Gas Ottomind Download of those pages that have previously been downloaded Gas Ottomind Download whilst in the "on-line" state. This can Gas Ottomind Download be useful when the computer itself is also Download Urls Utility off-line, with connection to Internet expensive or impossible. The pages are either downloaded implicitly into the web browser's own Gas Ottomind Download cache, as a result of prior on-line browsing by the user, or explicitly by the browser being configured to Gas Ottomind Download keep local copies of certain web pages, which Gas Ottomind Download it keeps updated when the browser is in the Gas Ottomind Download on-line state, either by checking that the local copies are Gas Ottomind Download up-to-date Gas Ottomind Download at regular intervals Gas Ottomind Download or by checking that the local copies are up-to-date whenever the browser is switched to the on-line state. One Gas Ottomind Download such web browser capable of being explicitly configured Gas Ottomind Download to download pages for offline Gas Ottomind Download browsing is Internet Explorer. When pages are added to the "Favourites" list, they can Slipstream Download be marked for being made "available for offline browsing". Internet Explorer will download to local copies both the marked page and, optionally, all of the pages that it links to. In Internet Gas Ottomind Download Explorer version 6, the level of direct and indirect links, the Gas Ottomind Download maximum amount Gas Ottomind Download of local disc Gas Ottomind Download space allowed to be consumed, and the schedule on which local copies are Gas Ottomind Download checked to see whether they are up-to-date, are configurable for each individual "Favourite" entry.
See Gas Ottomind Download also:
Offline browsing known as "Offline favourites" was removed Gas Ottomind Download as a feature in the most recent version of Internet Explorer 7, which only now supports single web page saving, Gas Ottomind Download but not browsing Gas Ottomind Download or storing an entire site offline.[citation needed]
Similarly, off-line storage is computer storage that is not "available for immediate Gas Ottomind Download use on demand by the system without human intervention", i.e it is storage that is off-line.
The ideas of "on-line" and "off-line" have been generalized from computing and Gas Ottomind Download telecommunication into the field of human interpersonal relationships. The distinction between what is considered "on-line" and what is considered "off-line" has become a subject of study in the field of sociology.[7]
The distinction between "on-line" and "off-line" is conventionally Gas Ottomind Download seen as the distinction between computer-mediated communication and face-to-face communication (e.g. face time), respectively. Gas Ottomind Download "On-line" is virtuality, and "off-line" Gas Ottomind Download is reality (e.g. real Gas Ottomind Download life or meatspace). Slater states that this distinction is "obviously far too simple". Gas Ottomind Download To support his argument that the distinctions in relationships are more complex than a Gas Ottomind Download simple "on-line"/"off-line" Gas Ottomind Download dichotomy, Gas Ottomind Download he observes that some people draw no distinction between an "on-line" Gas Ottomind Download relationship, such as Gas Ottomind Download indulging in cybersex, and an "off-line" relationship, such as being pen-pals. He also argues Gas Ottomind Download that Gas Ottomind Download even the telephone can be regarded as an "on-line" experience in Gas Ottomind Download some circumstances, and that the blurring of the distinctions between the uses Gas Ottomind Download of various technologies (such as PDA and mobile telephone, television and Internet, and telephone and voice-over-IP) has made it "impossible to use the term 'on-line' meaningfully in Api Rp Download the sense that was employed by the first Gas Ottomind Download generation of Internet research".[7]
|
Slater asserts that there are legal and regulatory pressures to reduce Gas Ottomind Download the distinction between "on-line" and "off-line", with a "general tendency to Gas Ottomind Download assimilate online to offline and erase the distinction", Gas Ottomind Download stressing, however, that this does not mean that on-line relationships are being reduced to pre-existing off-line relationships. He conjectures that greater legal status may be assigned to Gas Ottomind Download on-line relationships (pointing out that contractual relationships, such as business transactions, Gas Ottomind Download on-line are already seen Gas Ottomind Download as just as "real" as their off-line counterparts), although he states it to be hard to imagine courts awarding palimony to people who have had a purely on-line sexual relationship. He also Gas Ottomind Download conjectures that Gas Ottomind Download an "on-line"/"off-line" distinction may be seen by people as "rather quaint and not quite comprehensible" within 10 Gas Ottomind Download years.[7]
The distinction where "on-line" is seen as virtuality and "off-line" as reality is sometimes inverted, with "on-line" concepts being used Gas Ottomind Download to define and to explain "off-line" activities, rather than (as per the conventions of the desktop metaphor with its desktops, trash cans, folders, and so forth) the other way around. Several cartoons by The New Yorker have satirized this. One includes Saint Peter asking for Gas Ottomind Download a user name and a password before admitting a man into Gas Ottomind Download Heaven. Gas Ottomind Download Another illustrates "the off-line store" where "All items are actual size!", Gas Ottomind Download where Gas Ottomind Download shoppers may "Take it home as Gas Ottomind Download soon as Gas Ottomind Download you pay for it!", and where "Merchandise may be handled prior to purchase!". |
