A download manager is a computer program dedicated to the task of downloading (and sometime uploading) possibly unrelated stand-alone files from (and sometime to) the Internet for storage. This is unlike a Ephemeris Toolbox Download World Wide Web browser, which is mainly intended to browse web Ephemeris Toolbox Download pages, composed Ephemeris Toolbox Download of a multitude of smaller files, Ephemeris Toolbox Download where error-free moving of files for permanent storage is of secondary importance. Ephemeris Toolbox Download (A failed or incomplete web page Ephemeris Toolbox Download file rarely ruins the page.) The typical download manager at a minimum provides means to recover from errors without losing the work already completed, and can optionally split the file to be downloaded (or uploaded) into 2 or more Ephemeris Toolbox Download segments, which are then moved in parallel, potentially making the process faster within the limits of the available bandwidth. (A few servers are known to block moving files in parallel segments, on the principle that Ephemeris Toolbox Download server Ephemeris Toolbox Download capacity should be shared equally by all users.) Multi-source is Ephemeris Toolbox Download the name Ephemeris Toolbox Download given to files that are downloaded in parallel.
There are several things that some Ephemeris Toolbox Download Download Current Movies Free web browsers are not very good at. Ephemeris Toolbox Download That's where the download managers enter the equation:
Pausing the downloading of large files.
Resuming broken Ephemeris Toolbox Download or paused downloads (especially for very large files).
Downloading files on poor connections.
Downloading several files from a site automatically according to simple rules (file types, updated files, etc. - see also Offline Browser).
Automatic recursive downloads (mirroring).
Scheduled downloads (including, automatic hang-up and shutdown).
Searching for mirror sites, and Ephemeris Toolbox Download the handling of different connections to download the same Ephemeris Toolbox Download file more quickly (segmented downloading).
Download managers are useful for active Internet users. For dial-up users, they can automatically dial Ephemeris Toolbox Download the internet service Ephemeris Toolbox Download provider at Ephemeris Toolbox Download night, when rates or tariffs are usually lower, download Ephemeris Toolbox Download the specified files, and hang-up. They can record which links the user clicks on during the day, and queue these files Ephemeris Toolbox Download for later download. For broadband users, download managers can help download very Ephemeris Toolbox Download large files by resuming broken downloads, by limiting the bandwidth used, so that other internet activities are not affected (slowed) and the server is not overloaded, or by automatically navigating a site and downloading pre-specified content (photo galleries, Ephemeris Toolbox Download MP3 collections, Ephemeris Toolbox Download etc.) this can also include automatically downloading whole sites and Ephemeris Toolbox Download regularly updating them (see Mirroring).
Many download managers support Metalink, an XML file listing mirrors, checksums, and other information useful for downloading.
See below for some examples of commonly used download managers. Some downloaders are optimized for a certain function. For example, Offline Explorer is designed to download entire websites.
Download managers, such as Ephemeris Toolbox Download Go!Zilla, were among the Ephemeris Toolbox Download first adware applications displaying a banner Ephemeris Toolbox Download ad in the user interface.
Related to download managers are two other breeds of Internet programs, file-sharing peer-to-peer applications (Kazaa, eMule, BitTorrent, Gnutella) and stream Ephemeris Toolbox Download recorders (such as StreamBox VCR).
While download managers are designed to Ephemeris Toolbox Download give users greater control over downloads, some downloaders are created to give Ephemeris Toolbox Download that control to content distributors instead. Some software companies, for example Adobe [1], Ephemeris Toolbox Download provide such downloaders for downloading software on their own site. Presumably this increases Ephemeris Toolbox Download reliability and reduces tech Ephemeris Toolbox Download support costs to them. A possible reason is increasing the control over redistribution of their software (even when the software is freeware).In computer technology Fill In Puzzle Download and telecommunication, on-line and Ephemeris Toolbox Download off-line are defined by Federal Standard 1037C. They are Ephemeris Toolbox Download states or Ephemeris Toolbox Download conditions of a "device or equipment" or of "a functional unit". To be considered on-line, a device must be at least one of:
"Under the direct control of another device"
"Under the direct control of the system with which it is War Craft Download associated"
"Available for immediate use Ephemeris Toolbox Download on demand by the system without human intervention"
"Connected to a system, and is in operation"
"Functional and ready for Ephemeris Toolbox Download service"
while a device that is off-line is Ephemeris Toolbox Download not (e.g. Ephemeris Toolbox Download it has "its main power source disconnected or Ephemeris Toolbox Download turned off", Ephemeris Toolbox Download and Ephemeris Toolbox Download is "off-power").
One example of a common use of these concepts is a Mail User Agent that can be Ephemeris Toolbox Download instructed Ephemeris Toolbox Download to be in either "on-line" or "off-line" states. Ephemeris Toolbox Download One such MUA Ephemeris Toolbox Download is Microsoft Outlook. When it is "on-line" it will attempt to connect Ephemeris Toolbox Download to mail servers (to check for new mail at regular intervals, for example), and when it is "off-line" Ephemeris Toolbox Download it will not attempt to make Ephemeris Toolbox Download any such connections. The "on-line" or "off-line" state of the MUA does not necessarily reflect Ephemeris Toolbox Download the connection status between the computer on which Ephemeris Toolbox Download it is running and Internet. The user may Ephemeris Toolbox Download have the computer itself Ephemeris Toolbox Download on-line, connected to Internet via a cable modem Ephemeris Toolbox Download or an ADSL Ephemeris Toolbox Download connection, but may wish for Outlook to be off-line, so that it makes no attempt Ephemeris Toolbox Download to send or to receive messages. Or the computer may be configured to employ a dial-up connection on demand (whenever an application such as Ephemeris Toolbox Download Outlook Ephemeris Toolbox Download attempts to make connection to Ephemeris Toolbox Download a server), but the connection may be an expensive telephone call from the particular location in which the computer currently happens to be (such Ephemeris Toolbox Download as a hotel room) and the user may not Ephemeris Toolbox Download wish Outlook to trigger making Ephemeris Toolbox Download that call every 5 or 10 minutes to check for mail.[1]
Another Ephemeris Toolbox Download example of the use of these concepts is in the world of digital audio technology. A tape Ephemeris Toolbox Download recorder, Ephemeris Toolbox Download digital editor, or other device that is "on-line" is one whose clock is under the control of the clock of a "synchronization master" device. When Ephemeris Toolbox Download the sync Ephemeris Toolbox Download master commences playback, the "on-line" device automatically synchronizes itself to the Ephemeris Toolbox Download master and commences playing from the same point in the recording. Whereas a device that is "off-line" uses no external clock reference and relies upon its own internal clock. When a large number of devices Ephemeris Toolbox Download are connected to a sync master, it is often convenient, if one wants to hear just the Ephemeris Toolbox Download output of Ephemeris Toolbox Download one single device, to take it off-line, because if the device is played back on-line all synchronized devices have to locate the playback point and wait for each other to be in synchronization.[2] (For further related discussion, see MIDI timecode, word sync, and recording system synchronization.)
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A third Ephemeris Toolbox Download example of a common use of these concepts is a web browser that can be instructed to be in either "on-line" or "off-line" states. Ephemeris Toolbox Download The browser only attempts to fetch Ephemeris Toolbox Download pages Scarface Game Pc Download Cd from servers whilst in the "on-line" state. Ephemeris Toolbox Download In the "off-line" state, users can Ephemeris Toolbox Download perform offline browsing, where pages can be browsed using local copies of Ephemeris Toolbox Download those pages that have previously been downloaded whilst in the "on-line" state. This can Ephemeris Toolbox Download be useful when the computer itself Ephemeris Toolbox Download is also off-line, with connection to Internet expensive or impossible. Ephemeris Toolbox Download The pages Download Java For Internet Explorer are either downloaded implicitly into Ephemeris Toolbox Download the Ephemeris Toolbox Download web browser's own cache, as a result of prior on-line browsing by the user, or explicitly by Ephemeris Toolbox Download the browser being configured to keep local copies of certain web pages, which it keeps Vegas Pro Free Download updated when Ephemeris Toolbox Download the browser is Ephemeris Toolbox Download in Ephemeris Toolbox Download the on-line state, either by checking that the local copies are up-to-date at regular intervals or by checking that the local copies are up-to-date whenever the browser is Ephemeris Toolbox Download switched to the on-line state. Ephemeris Toolbox Download One such web Ephemeris Toolbox Download browser capable of being explicitly configured to download pages Ephemeris Toolbox Download for offline browsing is Internet Explorer. When pages are Ephemeris Toolbox Download added to the "Favourites" list, they can be marked for being made "available for offline browsing". Internet Explorer will download to local copies both the marked page Download Classical Music Free and, Ephemeris Toolbox Download optionally, all of Ephemeris Toolbox Download the pages that it links to. In Internet Explorer version 6, the level of direct and indirect links, the Ephemeris Toolbox Download maximum amount of local disc space allowed to be consumed, and the schedule on which local copies are checked to see whether they are up-to-date, are configurable for each individual "Favourite" entry.
See also:
Offline Ephemeris Toolbox Download browsing known as "Offline Ephemeris Toolbox Download favourites" was removed as a feature in the most recent version of Internet Explorer 7, Ephemeris Toolbox Download which only now supports single web page saving, but not browsing or storing an entire site offline.[citation needed]
Similarly, off-line storage is Ephemeris Toolbox Download computer storage that is not "available for immediate use on demand by the system without human intervention", i.e it is storage that is off-line.
The ideas of Ephemeris Toolbox Download "on-line" and Ephemeris Toolbox Download "off-line" have been generalized from computing and telecommunication into the field of human interpersonal relationships. The distinction between Ephemeris Toolbox Download what is Ephemeris Toolbox Download considered "on-line" and what is considered "off-line" has Ephemeris Toolbox Download become a subject of study in the field of Ephemeris Toolbox Download sociology.[7]
The Ephemeris Toolbox Download distinction between Ephemeris Toolbox Download "on-line" and "off-line" is Ephemeris Toolbox Download conventionally seen as the distinction between Ephemeris Toolbox Download computer-mediated communication and face-to-face communication Ephemeris Toolbox Download (e.g. face time), respectively. "On-line" is virtuality, and "off-line" is reality Ephemeris Toolbox Download (e.g. real life or meatspace). Slater states that this Ephemeris Toolbox Download distinction is "obviously far Ephemeris Toolbox Download too simple". To support his Ephemeris Toolbox Download argument that the distinctions Ephemeris Toolbox Download in relationships are more complex than a simple "on-line"/"off-line" dichotomy, he observes that some people draw no distinction between an "on-line" relationship, such as indulging in cybersex, and an "off-line" relationship, such as being pen-pals. He also argues that even the telephone can be Ephemeris Toolbox Download regarded as an "on-line" experience in Ephemeris Toolbox Download some circumstances, and that the blurring of the distinctions between the uses of various technologies (such as PDA and mobile telephone, television and Internet, Ephemeris Toolbox Download and telephone and voice-over-IP) has made it "impossible to use the term 'on-line' meaningfully in the sense that was employed by the first generation of Internet Princess Elfina Episode Download research".[7]
Slater asserts that there are legal and regulatory pressures to reduce the Ephemeris Toolbox Download distinction between "on-line" and "off-line", Ephemeris Toolbox Download with a "general tendency to assimilate Ephemeris Toolbox Download online to offline and erase the distinction", stressing, however, that this Ephemeris Toolbox Download does Ephemeris Toolbox Download not mean that on-line relationships are being reduced to pre-existing off-line relationships. He conjectures Ephemeris Toolbox Download that greater legal status may be Ephemeris Toolbox Download assigned Ephemeris Toolbox Download to on-line relationships (pointing out that contractual relationships, such as business transactions, on-line Ephemeris Toolbox Download are already seen as just as "real" as their Ephemeris Toolbox Download off-line counterparts), although he states it to be hard to imagine courts awarding palimony Ephemeris Toolbox Download to people who have had a purely on-line sexual Ephemeris Toolbox Download relationship. He also conjectures that an "on-line"/"off-line" distinction may be seen by people as "rather quaint and not quite comprehensible" within 10 years.[7]
The distinction where "on-line" is seen as virtuality and "off-line" as reality is sometimes inverted, with "on-line" concepts being Ephemeris Toolbox Download used to define and to explain "off-line" activities, rather than (as per Ephemeris Toolbox Download the conventions of the desktop metaphor with its Ephemeris Toolbox Download desktops, Ephemeris Toolbox Download trash cans, folders, and so forth) the other way around. Several cartoons by The New Yorker have satirized this. One includes Ephemeris Toolbox Download Saint Peter asking for a user Ephemeris Toolbox Download name Ephemeris Toolbox Download and a password before admitting a man into Heaven. Another illustrates "the off-line store" where "All items are actual size!", where shoppers may "Take it home as soon as you pay for it!", and where "Merchandise may Ephemeris Toolbox Download be handled Ephemeris Toolbox Download prior to purchase!". |
