A download manager is Anonymous Surfing Download a Anonymous Surfing Download computer program dedicated to the task of downloading (and sometime uploading) possibly unrelated stand-alone files from (and sometime to) the Internet for storage. This is unlike Anonymous Surfing Download a World Wide Web browser, which is mainly intended to browse web pages, composed of a multitude of smaller files, where error-free Anonymous Surfing Download moving Anonymous Surfing Download of files for permanent storage is of secondary importance. (A failed or incomplete web page file rarely ruins the page.) The typical download manager at a minimum provides means Free Virtual Electrical Outlet Download to recover from errors without losing the work already completed, and can optionally split the Anonymous Surfing Download file to be downloaded (or uploaded) Anonymous Surfing Download into 2 or more segments, which are then moved in parallel, potentially making the process faster within the limits of the available bandwidth. (A few servers are known to block moving files in parallel segments, on Anonymous Surfing Download the Anonymous Surfing Download principle that server capacity should be shared equally by all users.) Multi-source is the name given to files that are downloaded in parallel.
There are several things that some Anonymous Surfing Download web browsers are not very good at. That's where the download managers enter the equation:
Pausing the downloading of large files.
Resuming broken or paused downloads Anonymous Surfing Download (especially for very large files).
Downloading files on poor connections.
Downloading several files from a site automatically according to simple rules (file types, updated files, etc. - see Anonymous Surfing Download also Offline Browser).
Automatic recursive downloads (mirroring).
Scheduled downloads (including, automatic hang-up Anonymous Surfing Download and shutdown).
Searching for mirror sites, and the handling of different connections to download the same file Anonymous Surfing Download more quickly (segmented downloading).
Download managers are useful for active Anonymous Surfing Download Internet users. For dial-up users, they can automatically dial the internet service provider at night, when rates or tariffs are usually lower, download the specified files, and hang-up. They can record which links the user clicks on during the day, Anonymous Surfing Download and queue these files for later Free Yahtzee Game Download download. For Anonymous Surfing Download broadband users, download managers can help download very large files by resuming broken downloads, by Anonymous Surfing Download limiting the bandwidth used, so that other internet activities are not affected (slowed) and the server Anonymous Surfing Download is not overloaded, or by automatically navigating a site and downloading pre-specified content Anonymous Surfing Download (photo galleries, MP3 collections, etc.) this can also include automatically downloading Anonymous Surfing Download whole sites and regularly updating them (see Mirroring).
Many download managers support Metalink, an XML file listing Anonymous Surfing Download mirrors, Anonymous Surfing Download checksums, and other information useful for Anonymous Surfing Download downloading.
See below for some examples of commonly used download managers. Some downloaders are optimized for a certain Anonymous Surfing Download function. For example, Offline Explorer is designed to download entire websites.
Download managers, such as Go!Zilla, were among Anonymous Surfing Download the first adware applications displaying a banner ad in the user interface.
Related to download managers are two other breeds of Internet programs, file-sharing peer-to-peer applications (Kazaa, eMule, BitTorrent, Gnutella) and stream recorders (such as StreamBox VCR).
While download managers are designed to give users greater control over downloads, some downloaders are created to give that control to content distributors instead. Some software Anonymous Surfing Download companies, for example Adobe Anonymous Surfing Download [1], provide such downloaders for downloading software on their own site. Presumably this increases reliability and reduces tech support costs to them. A possible reason is increasing the control over redistribution of their software (even Anonymous Surfing Download when the software is freeware).In computer technology and telecommunication, on-line and off-line are defined by Federal Standard 1037C. They are states Anonymous Surfing Download or conditions of a "device or equipment" Anonymous Surfing Download or Anonymous Surfing Download of "a functional unit". To be considered on-line, a device must be at Anonymous Surfing Download least one of:
"Under the direct control of another device"
"Under the direct control Anonymous Surfing Download of Anonymous Surfing Download the system with which Anonymous Surfing Download it is associated"
"Available for immediate use on demand by the system without human intervention"
"Connected to a system, and is in operation"
"Functional and ready for service"
while a device that is off-line is not (e.g. it has "its main power source disconnected or turned off", and is "off-power").
One example of a common use of these Anonymous Surfing Download concepts is Anonymous Surfing Download a Mail User Agent Anonymous Surfing Download that Anonymous Surfing Download can be instructed to be in either "on-line" or "off-line" states. One such MUA is Microsoft Outlook. When it is "on-line" it will attempt to connect to mail servers (to check for new mail at regular intervals, for example), and when it is "off-line" it will not attempt to make any such connections. The "on-line" or "off-line" state of the Anonymous Surfing Download MUA does not necessarily reflect the connection status between the computer on which it is running and Internet. Anonymous Surfing Download The user may have the computer itself on-line, connected to Internet via a cable modem or an Download Speedtest ADSL connection, Anonymous Surfing Download but may wish for Outlook to be off-line, so that it makes no attempt to send or to receive messages. Anonymous Surfing Download Or the computer may Anonymous Surfing Download be Anonymous Surfing Download configured to Anonymous Surfing Download employ a dial-up connection on demand (whenever an application such as Outlook attempts to make connection to a server), but the connection may be an expensive telephone call from the particular location in which the computer currently happens to be (such as a hotel room) and the user may not wish Outlook to trigger making that call every 5 or 10 minutes to check for mail.[1]
Another example of the use of these Anonymous Surfing Download concepts is in the world of digital Anonymous Surfing Download audio technology. A tape recorder, digital editor, or other device that is "on-line" is one whose clock is under the control Anonymous Surfing Download of the clock of a "synchronization master" device. When the sync master commences playback, Anonymous Surfing Download the "on-line" Anonymous Surfing Download device automatically synchronizes itself to the master Anonymous Surfing Download and commences playing from the same point in the Anonymous Surfing Download recording. Whereas a device that is "off-line" uses no Anonymous Surfing Download external Anonymous Surfing Download clock reference and Anonymous Surfing Download relies upon its own internal clock. When a large number of devices are Anonymous Surfing Download connected to a sync master, it is often convenient, if one wants to Anonymous Surfing Download hear just the output of one single device, to take it off-line, Anonymous Surfing Download because Anonymous Surfing Download if the device Anonymous Surfing Download is played back on-line all synchronized devices have to locate the playback point Anonymous Surfing Download and wait for each other to be in synchronization.[2] (For further related discussion, see Anonymous Surfing Download MIDI timecode, word Anonymous Surfing Download sync, Anonymous Surfing Download and recording system synchronization.)
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A third example of a common use of Anonymous Surfing Download these concepts is a web browser that can be instructed to be in either Anonymous Surfing Download "on-line" or "off-line" Anonymous Surfing Download states. The browser Anonymous Surfing Download only attempts to fetch pages from servers whilst in the "on-line" state. In the "off-line" state, users Anonymous Surfing Download can perform offline browsing, Anonymous Surfing Download where pages can be Anonymous Surfing Download browsed using Anonymous Surfing Download local copies of those pages that have previously been downloaded Anonymous Surfing Download whilst in the "on-line" state. This can be useful when the computer itself is also off-line, Anonymous Surfing Download with connection to Internet expensive or impossible. The pages are either downloaded implicitly Anonymous Surfing Download into the web browser's own cache, as a result of prior on-line browsing by the user, or explicitly by the browser being configured to keep local copies Anonymous Surfing Download of certain Anonymous Surfing Download web pages, which Anonymous Surfing Download it keeps Download Creative Webcam Software updated when the Anonymous Surfing Download browser is in the on-line state, Anonymous Surfing Download either by checking that the local copies are up-to-date Anonymous Surfing Download at Anonymous Surfing Download regular intervals or by checking that the local copies are up-to-date whenever the browser is switched to the on-line Anonymous Surfing Download state. One such web browser capable Anonymous Surfing Download of being explicitly configured to download pages for offline browsing is Internet Explorer. When pages are added to the "Favourites" list, they can be marked for being Anonymous Surfing Download made "available for offline browsing". Anonymous Surfing Download Internet Explorer will download to local Anonymous Surfing Download copies both Anonymous Surfing Download the marked page and, optionally, all of the pages that it links to. In Internet Explorer version 6, the level of direct and indirect links, the maximum Anonymous Surfing Download amount of local disc Anonymous Surfing Download space allowed to be consumed, and the schedule on Anonymous Surfing Download which local copies are checked to see whether they are up-to-date, are configurable for each individual Anonymous Surfing Download "Favourite" entry.
See also:
Offline Anonymous Surfing Download browsing known as Anonymous Surfing Download "Offline favourites" was Anonymous Surfing Download removed Anonymous Surfing Download as a feature in Anonymous Surfing Download the Anonymous Surfing Download most recent version of Internet Explorer 7, which only now supports single web page saving, but Anonymous Surfing Download not browsing or storing an entire site offline.[citation needed]
Similarly, off-line storage Anonymous Surfing Download is computer storage that is not "available for immediate use on demand Anonymous Surfing Download by the system without human intervention", i.e Anonymous Surfing Download it is storage that is off-line.
The Anonymous Surfing Download ideas of "on-line" and "off-line" have been generalized from computing and telecommunication into Anonymous Surfing Download the field of human interpersonal relationships. The distinction between Anonymous Surfing Download what is Anonymous Surfing Download considered "on-line" and what is considered "off-line" has become a subject of study in Anonymous Surfing Download the Anonymous Surfing Download field of sociology.[7]
The distinction between "on-line" and "off-line" is conventionally Anonymous Surfing Download seen as the Stinger Download distinction between computer-mediated communication and face-to-face communication (e.g. face time), respectively. "On-line" is virtuality, and "off-line" is reality (e.g. real Anonymous Surfing Download life or meatspace). Slater states that this distinction is "obviously Anonymous Surfing Download far too Anonymous Surfing Download simple". To support his argument that the distinctions in relationships are more complex than a simple Anonymous Surfing Download "on-line"/"off-line" dichotomy, he Anonymous Surfing Download observes that some people Anonymous Surfing Download draw no distinction between an Anonymous Surfing Download "on-line" relationship, such as indulging in cybersex, Anonymous Surfing Download and an "off-line" relationship, such as being pen-pals. He also argues that even the telephone can be regarded as an "on-line" experience in Anonymous Surfing Download some Anonymous Surfing Download circumstances, and that the blurring of the distinctions between the Anonymous Surfing Download uses of various technologies (such as PDA and mobile telephone, television and Internet, and telephone and voice-over-IP) has made it "impossible to use the term 'on-line' meaningfully in Anonymous Surfing Download the sense that was employed by Anonymous Surfing Download the first generation of Internet research".[7]
Slater Anonymous Surfing Download asserts that there are legal and regulatory Anonymous Surfing Download pressures to reduce the distinction between Anonymous Surfing Download "on-line" and "off-line", with a "general tendency to assimilate online to offline and erase the distinction", stressing, however, that this does not mean that Anonymous Surfing Download on-line relationships are being reduced to pre-existing Download Drivers For Hp off-line relationships. Anonymous Surfing Download He conjectures Anonymous Surfing Download that greater legal status may be assigned Anonymous Surfing Download to on-line relationships (pointing out that contractual relationships, such as business transactions, on-line are already seen as just as "real" Anonymous Surfing Download as their off-line counterparts), although he states it Anonymous Surfing Download to be hard to imagine courts awarding palimony to people who Anonymous Surfing Download have had a purely on-line sexual relationship. He Anonymous Surfing Download also conjectures that an "on-line"/"off-line" distinction may be seen by Anonymous Surfing Download people as "rather quaint and not quite comprehensible" within 10 years.[7]
The distinction where "on-line" is seen as virtuality Anonymous Surfing Download and "off-line" as Anonymous Surfing Download reality is sometimes inverted, with "on-line" concepts being used to define and to explain "off-line" activities, rather than Anonymous Surfing Download (as per the conventions of the desktop metaphor with its desktops, trash cans, folders, and so forth) the other way around. Several cartoons by The New Yorker have satirized this. One includes Saint Peter asking for a user name and a password before admitting a man into Heaven. Another illustrates "the off-line store" Anonymous Surfing Download where "All items are actual size!", where shoppers may "Take it home as soon as you pay for it!", and where "Merchandise may be handled prior to purchase!". |
